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sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;-webkit-font-smoothing:auto;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;align-self:flex-start;border-radius:4px;padding:10px 18px}@media screen and (min-width: 48em){.item-data__link[data-v-2ba06fbf]{font-size:16px;padding:20px 30px;margin-top:10px}}.news-slider__pagination[data-v-2ba06fbf]{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}@media screen and (min-width: 62.5625em){.news-slider__pagination[data-v-2ba06fbf]{align-items:center;margin-top:44px;margin-bottom:12px}}.pages[data-v-2ba06fbf]{margin-right:2.4rem;align-self:flex-end}.pages[data-v-2ba06fbf] .swiper-pagination-bullet{background-color:#fbb2b2;width:1rem;height:0.6rem;border-radius:0;opacity:1}.pages[data-v-2ba06fbf] .swiper-pagination-bullet-active{background-color:#e10000}.pages[data-v-2ba06fbf] .swiper-pagination-bullet+.swiper-pagination-bullet{margin-left:0.8rem}.nav-btn[data-v-2ba06fbf]{width:36px;height:36px;background-color:#e10000;outline:0;border:0;border-radius:2.25px;padding:1.2rem;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;background-size:14px;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat}@media screen and (min-width: 62.5625em){.nav-btn[data-v-2ba06fbf]{width:6.4rem;height:6.4rem;background-size:24px}}.nav-btn[data-v-2ba06fbf]:hover{background-color:#870000}.nav-btn+.nav-btn[data-v-2ba06fbf]{margin-left:0.8rem} .footer[data-v-8693b6c8]{background:#000;color:#fffad2}.inner[data-v-8693b6c8]{max-width:117em;margin:0 auto;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0 2em}@media screen and (max-width: 34.375em){.inner[data-v-8693b6c8]{padding:0 1.5em}.inner .aside[data-v-8693b6c8]{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;margin-bottom:5rem}}@media screen and (min-width: 34.4375em){.inner[data-v-8693b6c8]{padding:0 2em}.inner 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34.4375em){.legal-nav[data-v-8693b6c8]{float:right}.cta[data-v-8693b6c8]{float:right;width:25%}}@media screen and (min-width: 34.4375em) and (max-width: 50em){.inner[data-v-8693b6c8]{padding-top:6rem}.nav-box[data-v-8693b6c8]{width:calc(100% / 3);float:left;box-sizing:border-box}.nav-box[data-v-8693b6c8]:last-child{clear:both;width:100%;margin-top:5rem}.icr[data-v-8693b6c8]{margin-right:0.3rem}.social-wrap[data-v-8693b6c8]{width:calc(100% / 3);float:right}.company-info-wrap[data-v-8693b6c8]{width:calc((100% / 3)*2);float:left}.address[data-v-8693b6c8]{width:50%;float:left;margin:0}.meta-wrap[data-v-8693b6c8]{width:50%;float:right}.search-wrap[data-v-8693b6c8]{margin:5rem 0}.cta[data-v-8693b6c8]{width:calc(100% /3)}}@media screen and (min-width: 50.0625em){.inner[data-v-8693b6c8]{padding-top:8rem}.nav-box[data-v-8693b6c8]{width:25%;float:left;box-sizing:border-box}.nav-box[data-v-8693b6c8]:first-of-type{padding-left:0}.nav-box[data-v-8693b6c8]:last-of-type{padding-right:0}}@media screen 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!important}.v-popper__popper.v-popper__popper--hidden[data-v-f9e5df86]{font-size:26px !important}.v-popper--theme-dropdown .v-popper__inner[data-v-f9e5df86]{font-size:26px !important;background:#4d07ff;color:black;border-radius:6px;border:4px solid #ddd;box-shadow:0 6px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.login[data-v-f9e5df86]{display:flex;flex-direction:row;padding:2rem;background-color:#fff;border-radius:4px;margin:2rem 0;box-shadow:0px 0px 36px 0px rgba(233,221,126,0.4)}@media screen and (max-width: 62.5em){.login[data-v-f9e5df86]{width:calc(100% - 4rem)}}table.price-brakedown[data-v-f9e5df86]{width:100%}table.price-brakedown td[data-v-f9e5df86]{padding:1rem 0px}table.price-brakedown td.summary[data-v-f9e5df86]{text-align:right}table.price-brakedown .border-b[data-v-f9e5df86]{border-bottom:0.5px solid #807d69} .items[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{padding-bottom:2rem;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:32px;border-bottom:0.5px solid #807d69;width:99%}.items .cover[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{flex-direction:column;align-items:center;align-content:center;gap:8px;width:150px;min-width:100px;text-align:center}.items .details[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;height:95%}.items .details .title[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{font-size:20px;line-height:30px}.items .details .controls[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-end;width:100%;align-items:end;margin-top:1rem}.items .details .controls .selector[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{display:flex;flex-direction:row;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;width:50%;align-items:end;gap:1rem}.items .details .controls .selector .unit-price[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.items .details .controls .selector .product-quantity[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{min-width:75px}@media screen and (max-width: 62.5em){.items .details .controls .selector .product-quantity[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{min-width:90px}}.items .details .total-price[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-end}.items .details input[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{max-width:4.5rem;margin:0;padding:1.07rem 0;text-align:center;border-top:1px solid grey;border-left:1px solid grey;border-bottom:1px solid grey;border-right:0;font-size:16px;font-family:"Relative Pro"}.items .details .quantity-selectors-container[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin:0;padding:0}.items .details .quantity-selectors[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin:0;padding:0;margin-left:-0.5rem}.items .details .quantity-selectors button[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;margin:0;border-radius:0;border:1px solid grey;background-color:#fff;color:grey;font-size:14px}.items .details .quantity-selectors button[data-v-5ab9f6ad]:first-child{border-bottom:0}.items .details .quantity-selectors button[data-v-5ab9f6ad]:hover{cursor:pointer}.items .details .quantity-selectors button[disabled="disabled"][data-v-5ab9f6ad]{cursor:not-allowed}.items .details .quantity-selectors button[disabled="disabled"] span[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{opacity:0.5}.items .remove[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{display:flex;align-content:center;justify-content:center;padding-top:1rem;cursor:pointer;color:#e10000;background-color:transparent}.sale[data-v-5ab9f6ad]{text-decoration:line-through;text-decoration-color:red;text-decoration-thickness:1px} .discount-box[data-v-984dc9c8]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:2rem;background-color:#fff;border-radius:4px;margin:2rem 0;box-shadow:0px 0px 36px 0px rgba(233,221,126,0.4)}@media screen and (max-width: 62.5em){.discount-box[data-v-984dc9c8]{width:calc(100% - 4rem)}}.discount-box .title-box[data-v-984dc9c8]{display:flex;flex-direction:row;width:calc(100% - 2rem);justify-content:space-between;padding:0 1rem;align-items:center;cursor:pointer}.discount-box p[data-v-984dc9c8]{text-align:center;font-family:"Relative Pro", sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-size:14px}.discount-box .table-discounts[data-v-984dc9c8]{margin:2rem}.discount-box .table-discounts tr[data-v-984dc9c8]{font-family:"Relative Pro", sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;line-height:20px}.discount-box .table-discounts tr td[data-v-984dc9c8]{width:50%;padding:10px 0}.discount-box .primary[data-v-984dc9c8]{color:#e10000;background-color:transparent} .btn[data-v-4e735fe2]{font-family:'Relative Bold', sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;-webkit-font-smoothing:auto;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;box-sizing:border-box;background:none;outline:0;border:0;border-radius:4px}.btn--large[data-v-4e735fe2]{font-size:1.8rem;line-height:2.4rem;color:#fffdea;background:#e10000;padding:2rem 4rem}@media screen and (max-width: 62.5em){.btn--large[data-v-4e735fe2]{font-size:1.4rem;line-height:2rem;padding:1rem 2.5rem}}.btn--large[data-v-4e735fe2]:hover,.btn--large[data-v-4e735fe2]:active{background:#BE0000}.btn--large[data-v-4e735fe2]:disabled{color:#FCE5E5;background:#FBB2BA;cursor:default !important}.btn--small[data-v-4e735fe2]{font-size:1.6rem;line-height:2.4rem;color:#fffdea;background:#e10000;width:12rem;padding:1.4rem 3.4rem}@media screen and (max-width: 62.5em){.btn--small[data-v-4e735fe2]{font-size:1.4rem;padding:1rem 2.5rem;width:9.6rem}}.btn--small[data-v-4e735fe2]:hover,.btn--small[data-v-4e735fe2]:active{background:#BE0000}.btn--small[data-v-4e735fe2]:disabled{color:#FCE5E5;background:#FBB2BA;cursor:default !important}.btn--outline[data-v-4e735fe2]{color:#e10000;background:#fffdea !important;border:1px solid #e10000}.btn--outline[data-v-4e735fe2]:hover,.btn--outline[data-v-4e735fe2]:active{color:#BE0000;border-color:#BE0000}.btn--outline[data-v-4e735fe2]:disabled{color:#F08080;background:#F08080;border-color:#F08080;cursor:default !important}.btn--flat[data-v-4e735fe2]{color:#000000;background:#fffdea;border:0}.btn--flat[data-v-4e735fe2]:hover{background:#fffdea;color:#e10000}.btn--flat[data-v-4e735fe2]:disabled{color:#CCC7A8;background:none;cursor:default !important} </style></head> <body> <div id="app"> <div id="app" data-server-rendered="true"><div data-v-b51f6678><header id="page-header" class="page-header sticky-nav" data-v-59df77e1 data-v-b51f6678>  <div class="wrap" data-v-59df77e1><a href="/" class="router-link-active" data-v-59df77e1><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/svg/logo.svg" alt="IntechOpen" class="branding" data-v-59df77e1></a> <nav class="site-nav" data-v-59df77e1><ul data-v-59df77e1><li data-v-59df77e1><a href="/books" class="nav-item" data-v-59df77e1>Books</a></li> <li data-v-59df77e1><a href="/series" class="nav-item" data-v-59df77e1>Book Series</a></li> <li data-v-59df77e1><a href="/journals" class="nav-item" data-v-59df77e1>Journals</a></li> <li data-v-59df77e1><a 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data-v-59df77e1>Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers.</p></div> <div class="drop-box" data-v-59df77e1><a href="/institutions" class="drop-item" data-v-59df77e1>Authors, Editors and Institutions</a> <p data-v-59df77e1>We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too.</p></div> <div class="drop-box" data-v-59df77e1><a href="/page/content-alerts" class="drop-item" data-v-59df77e1>Content Alerts</a> <p data-v-59df77e1>Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective</p> <a href="/how-open-access-publishing-with-intechopen-works" class="nav-item" data-v-59df77e1>How it Works</a> <a href="#" class="nav-item" data-v-59df77e1>Manage preferences</a></div> <div class="drop-box" data-v-59df77e1><a href="/page/contact-us" class="drop-item" data-v-59df77e1>Contact</a> <p data-v-59df77e1>Want to get in touch? Contact our London head office or <a href="#" data-v-59df77e1>media team here</a></p> <a href="/page/careers-at-intechopen" class="drop-item" data-v-59df77e1>Careers</a> <p data-v-59df77e1>Our team is growing all the time, so we’re always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing.</p></div></div></div></div></header> <div data-v-b51f6678><div class="header" data-v-fa084d8a><h1 class="title" data-v-fa084d8a>SDG Hub</h1> <div class="text" data-v-fa084d8a><div class="text-group" data-v-fa084d8a><p data-v-fa084d8a> As a signatory of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Publishers Compact, IntechOpen works proudly to accelerate progress towards achieving the SDGs by 2030. </p> <p data-v-fa084d8a> We are committed to playing a significant role in our network and community by publishing open access books and open science journals that will help inform, develop, and inspire sustainable practices toward achieving these goals. </p></div> <div class="text-group" data-v-fa084d8a><p data-v-fa084d8a> You are welcome to use our sustainability-related content and resources - all are available to read, share and download for free. The SDG Hub also covers company-related initiatives. </p> <p data-v-fa084d8a> IntechOpen encourages research in the area of sustainability and supports all 17 SDGs, and contributes specifically to SDG 4 - Quality education. </p></div></div></div> <div class="menu-section" data-v-6292e19e><div class="menu" data-v-6292e19e><p class="section" data-v-6292e19e> Publishing Program </p><p class="section" data-v-6292e19e> Responsible Publishing & Processes </p><p class="section" data-v-6292e19e> Climate Action </p><p class="section" data-v-6292e19e> Responsible Business and Organizational Principles </p></div></div> <div class="cards" data-v-d1eb5394><div class="card" data-v-d1eb5394><div class="images" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-quality-education.jpg" class="image" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/series/sdg-publishers-compact-wheel.png" class="image" data-v-d1eb5394></div> <p class="title" data-v-d1eb5394>Publishing Program</p> <div class="subsections" data-v-d1eb5394><div class="subsection" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-right.svg" class="arrow" data-v-d1eb5394> <p data-v-d1eb5394>Open Access Books & Series</p></div><div class="subsection" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-right.svg" class="arrow" data-v-d1eb5394> <p data-v-d1eb5394>Open Science Journals</p></div><div class="subsection" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-right.svg" class="arrow" data-v-d1eb5394> <p data-v-d1eb5394>Overview of the Content Published by Goal</p></div></div></div><div class="card" data-v-d1eb5394><div class="images" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-responsible-consumption.jpg" class="image" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-quality-education.jpg" class="image" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-reduced-inequalities.jpg" class="image" data-v-d1eb5394></div> <p class="title" data-v-d1eb5394>Responsible Publishing & Processes</p> <div class="subsections" data-v-d1eb5394><div class="subsection" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-right.svg" class="arrow" data-v-d1eb5394> <p data-v-d1eb5394>Open Science</p></div><div class="subsection" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-right.svg" class="arrow" data-v-d1eb5394> <p data-v-d1eb5394>Waiver Policy</p></div><div class="subsection" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-right.svg" class="arrow" data-v-d1eb5394> <p data-v-d1eb5394>Accessibility Online</p></div><div class="subsection" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-right.svg" class="arrow" data-v-d1eb5394> <p data-v-d1eb5394>Print On Demand</p></div><div class="subsection" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-right.svg" class="arrow" data-v-d1eb5394> <p data-v-d1eb5394>Initiatives</p></div></div></div><div class="card" data-v-d1eb5394><div class="images" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-climate-action.jpg" class="image" data-v-d1eb5394></div> <p class="title" data-v-d1eb5394>Climate Action</p> <div class="subsections" data-v-d1eb5394><div class="subsection" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-right.svg" class="arrow" data-v-d1eb5394> <p data-v-d1eb5394>Initiatives of the Publishing Industry</p></div><div class="subsection" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-right.svg" class="arrow" data-v-d1eb5394> <p data-v-d1eb5394>Environmental Impact</p></div></div></div><div class="card" data-v-d1eb5394><div class="images" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-decent-work.jpg" class="image" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-gender-equality.jpg" class="image" data-v-d1eb5394></div> <p class="title" data-v-d1eb5394>Responsible Business and Organisational Culture Principles</p> <div class="subsections" data-v-d1eb5394><div class="subsection" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-right.svg" class="arrow" data-v-d1eb5394> <p data-v-d1eb5394>Reports</p></div><div class="subsection" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-right.svg" class="arrow" data-v-d1eb5394> <p data-v-d1eb5394>Diversity and Inclusions</p></div><div class="subsection" data-v-d1eb5394><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-right.svg" class="arrow" data-v-d1eb5394> <p data-v-d1eb5394>Highlights and Events</p></div></div></div></div> <div data-v-b11e13e8><section id="publishing-program" class="section" data-v-b11e13e8><div class="section-title" data-v-b11e13e8><p class="title" data-v-b11e13e8>Publishing Program</p> <div class="images" data-v-b11e13e8><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/series/sdg-publishers-compact-wheel.png" alt="intechopen sdg hub publishers-compact-wheel" class="images-wheel" data-v-b11e13e8> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-quality-education.jpg" alt="intechopen-sdg-hub-quality-education" class="images-education" data-v-b11e13e8></div></div></section> <div class="books-and-series-section" data-v-d2412084 data-v-b11e13e8><div class="books" data-v-d2412084><p id="open-access-books-and-series" class="section-title" data-v-d2412084>Open Access Books & Series</p> <div class="subsection" data-v-d2412084><p class="subsection-title" data-v-d2412084>Sdg-related book series</p> <div class="text" data-v-d2412084><p data-v-d2412084>In line with its values, IntechOpen launched a new open access Book Series on Sustainable Development in July 2022. Led by Series Editor Prof. Usha Iyer-Raniga from RMIT University, Australia, and with an international Editorial Board, the Series presents a topical structure that groups the 17 SDGs.</p> <p data-v-d2412084>The four topics of our Environmental Sciences book series, launched in 2022 - Pollution; Environmental Resilience and Management; Ecosystems and Biodiversity; and Water Science - address important areas of advancement in the environmental sciences. They represent a relevant grouping of published works on these critical topics.</p></div></div></div> <div class="series-cards-title" data-v-d2412084><p class="section-title red" data-v-d2412084>IntechOpen Book Series</p></div> <div class="series-cards" data-v-d2412084><a href="/series/24" data-v-085c3f96 data-v-d2412084><div class="serie" data-v-085c3f96><img src="https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/24.jpg" class="serie-cover" data-v-085c3f96> <div class="serie-card" data-v-085c3f96><p class="title" data-v-085c3f96>Sustainable Development</p> <div class="serie-info" data-v-085c3f96><div class="serie-doi-issn" data-v-085c3f96><p class="serie-info__text" data-v-085c3f96>Book Series Doi <span class="regular-font" data-v-085c3f96>10.5772/intechopen.100361</span></p> <p class="serie-info__text" data-v-085c3f96>Issn <span class="regular-font" data-v-085c3f96>2753-6580</span></p></div> <div class="serie-stats" data-v-085c3f96><p class="serie-info__text" data-v-085c3f96><span data-v-085c3f96>5</span> Topics <span class="bull" data-v-085c3f96>•</span></p> <p class="serie-info__text" data-v-085c3f96><span data-v-085c3f96>299</span> Works Published <span class="bull" data-v-085c3f96>•</span></p> <p class="serie-info__text" data-v-085c3f96><span data-v-085c3f96>28</span> Books Published</p></div></div> <div class="editor" data-v-085c3f96><img src="https://cdnintech.com/media/author/262440/1734011562/profile/image1.jpg" class="editor-image" data-v-085c3f96> <div class="editor-info" data-v-085c3f96><p data-v-085c3f96>Series Editor</p> <p class="editor-info__name" data-v-085c3f96>Usha Iyer-Raniga</p> <p class="editor-info__institution" data-v-085c3f96>RMIT University, Australia</p></div></div></div></div></a> <a href="/series/25" data-v-085c3f96 data-v-d2412084><div class="serie" data-v-085c3f96><img src="https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/25.jpg" class="serie-cover" data-v-085c3f96> <div class="serie-card" data-v-085c3f96><p class="title" data-v-085c3f96>Environmental Sciences</p> <div class="serie-info" data-v-085c3f96><div class="serie-doi-issn" data-v-085c3f96><p class="serie-info__text" data-v-085c3f96>Book Series Doi <span class="regular-font" data-v-085c3f96>10.5772/intechopen.100362</span></p> <p class="serie-info__text" data-v-085c3f96>Issn <span class="regular-font" data-v-085c3f96>2754-6713</span></p></div> <div class="serie-stats" data-v-085c3f96><p class="serie-info__text" data-v-085c3f96><span data-v-085c3f96>4</span> Topics <span class="bull" data-v-085c3f96>•</span></p> <p class="serie-info__text" data-v-085c3f96><span data-v-085c3f96>249</span> Works Published <span class="bull" data-v-085c3f96>•</span></p> <p class="serie-info__text" data-v-085c3f96><span data-v-085c3f96>28</span> Books Published</p></div></div> <div class="editor" data-v-085c3f96><img src="https://cdnintech.com/media/author/197485/1604448294/profile/image1.jpg" class="editor-image" data-v-085c3f96> <div class="editor-info" data-v-085c3f96><p data-v-085c3f96>Series Editor</p> <p class="editor-info__name" data-v-085c3f96>J. Kevin Summers</p> <p class="editor-info__institution" data-v-085c3f96>Environmental Protection Agency, United States of America</p></div></div></div></div></a></div> <div class="ku-section" data-v-d2412084><p class="section-title" data-v-d2412084>Books</p> <div class="ku-select" data-v-d2412084><div class="ku-select-about" data-v-d2412084><p class="ku-select-about__title" data-v-d2412084>Sdg-related books from the ku select program</p> <div class="ku-select-about__text relative-d4" data-v-d2412084><p data-v-d2412084> Our partnership with Knowledge Unlatched, now in its sixth year, has led to the publication of 64 open access books in fields such as Social Sciences, Humanities, Climate Change, Global Health, Engineering, and Physics. </p> <p data-v-d2412084> Recently, Knowledge Unlatched has expanded its focus to include subjects related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which, as KU states, "are commonly agreed to provide a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for our planet." This ensures that our joint publications address topics of critical importance to society today. </p> <p data-v-d2412084> All books published in collaboration with KU, including those related to the SDGs, are permanently available in one centralised location. </p> <a href="/knowledge-unlatched-book-hub?programme=2024" class="button" data-v-d2412084> Explore KU Books </a></div></div> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/ku.svg" class="ku-logo" data-v-d2412084></div></div> <div class="book-list" data-v-d2412084><p class="book-list-title" data-v-d2412084>Selected titles</p> <div class="books-list" data-v-1b1bb206 data-v-d2412084><div class="books-list__header" data-v-1b1bb206><h3 class="title sdgHubStyle" data-v-1b1bb206></h3> </div> <div class="swiper-body" data-v-32859338 data-v-1b1bb206><div data-v-32859338><div class="swiper-wrapper" data-v-32859338><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-1b1bb206><div class="book-item" style="width:undefinedpx;" data-v-50c7af74 data-v-1b1bb206><figure class="cover-wrap top" data-v-eb7322e6 data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/12134" data-v-eb7322e6><span class="lazy-image ar1" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-eb7322e6><img alt="Post-COVID Tourism" class="image cover-image-7abe" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-c6fa12ae></span>   <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/ku.svg" class="ku-logo" data-v-eb7322e6> <svg viewBox="0 0 300 270" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" class="svg" data-v-eb7322e6><rect width="300" height="270" style="fill:#e10000;" data-v-eb7322e6></rect> <text x="150" y="35" font-family="Arial" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fffad2" font-size="12" data-v-eb7322e6>IntechOpen</text> <g transform="translate(140, 220)" fill="#FFFAD2" data-v-eb7322e6><g transform="scale(0.7)" data-v-eb7322e6><path d="M18.4091275,7.09361268 L3.66754648,15.3478697 C2.61853239,15.939493 1.9668669,17.0549331 1.9668669,18.2588838 L1.9668669,33.0542958 L0.869542958,32.6455599 C0.346761268,32.4507676 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<div class="text text-style-008a" style="font-size:150em;" data-v-eb7322e6> <span class="title" data-v-eb7322e6>Post-COVID Tourism</span> <span class="sub-title" data-v-eb7322e6>Tendencies and Management Approaches</span>  <span class="editors" data-v-eb7322e6>Edited by Rui Alexandre Castanho</span></div></a></figure> <h4 class="title" data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/12134" data-v-50c7af74> <span data-v-50c7af74>Post-COVID Tourism</span></a></h4> <p class="edited" data-v-50c7af74> Edited by <span data-v-50c7af74><a href="/profiles/215338" data-v-50c7af74>Rui Alexandre Castanho</a> </span></p>   </div> </div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-1b1bb206><div class="book-item" style="width:undefinedpx;" data-v-50c7af74 data-v-1b1bb206><figure class="cover-wrap top" data-v-eb7322e6 data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/1002950" data-v-eb7322e6><span class="lazy-image ar1" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-eb7322e6><img alt="Burnout Syndrome" class="image cover-image-ae56" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-c6fa12ae></span>   <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/ku.svg" class="ku-logo" data-v-eb7322e6> <svg viewBox="0 0 300 270" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" class="svg" data-v-eb7322e6><rect width="300" height="270" style="fill:#e10000;" data-v-eb7322e6></rect> <text x="150" y="35" font-family="Arial" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fffad2" font-size="12" data-v-eb7322e6>IntechOpen</text> <g transform="translate(140, 220)" fill="#FFFAD2" data-v-eb7322e6><g transform="scale(0.7)" data-v-eb7322e6><path d="M18.4091275,7.09361268 L3.66754648,15.3478697 C2.61853239,15.939493 1.9668669,17.0549331 1.9668669,18.2588838 L1.9668669,33.0542958 L0.869542958,32.6455599 C0.346761268,32.4507676 -3.45070423e-05,31.9516232 -3.45070423e-05,31.3936444 L-3.45070423e-05,1.37079225 C-3.45070423e-05,0.417880282 0.94908169,-0.243792254 1.84298662,0.08575 L18.3356275,6.16347535 C18.7472965,6.3151338 18.791638,6.87932394 18.4091275,7.09361268 M38.2955359,22.6833768 C38.178212,23.1238592 37.8226169,23.4794542 37.382307,23.5967782 C36.3688352,23.8671408 35.4695817,22.9675423 35.7401169,21.9540704 C35.8576134,21.5139331 36.2132085,21.158338 36.6536908,21.0411866 C37.6666451,20.7715141 38.565381,21.6704225 38.2955359,22.6833768 M48.0927754,30.247493 C47.5629197,30.0078415 46.9350641,30.1798592 46.5494479,30.614993 L46.5221873,30.6455317 C45.2633704,32.0789542 43.7110711,33.1881831 41.9971063,33.9233556 C41.9917577,33.9255986 41.9971063,22.341757 41.9971063,22.341757 C41.9971063,13.8637218 35.1127789,6.99078169 26.6345711,6.99078169 C24.2718739,6.99078169 21.8610394,7.48388732 19.7830254,8.63297183 C17.9817577,9.62901761 7.46211338,15.5312746 4.66255704,17.1022077 C4.23846549,17.3401338 3.97845493,17.7871725 3.97845493,18.2733768 L3.97845493,47.5848662 C3.97845493,48.5941972 5.06456408,49.230507 5.9451838,48.7372289 L19.0174866,41.4119014 C19.4345042,41.1781162 19.6927894,40.7374613 19.6927894,40.2593662 L19.6927894,17.7378275 C19.6927894,17.2512782 20.0211239,16.8006162 20.5000817,16.7141761 C21.1293176,16.6008204 21.6765993,17.0811585 21.6765993,17.6893451 L21.6765993,22.2984507 L21.6821204,22.287581 C21.6821204,22.2912042 21.6817754,22.2948275 21.6817754,22.2984507 C21.6817754,30.752331 28.5590289,37.6295845 37.0127366,37.6295845 C37.7863845,37.6295845 38.5527859,37.5676444 39.3076275,37.4532535 L39.3076275,47.5686479 C39.3076275,48.3079613 39.9071873,48.9076937 40.6466732,48.9076937 C41.3859866,48.9076937 41.9853739,48.3079613 41.9853739,47.5686479 L41.9853739,36.796757 C44.484719,35.9396021 46.7488986,34.4454472 48.5267014,32.4212641 L48.5669021,32.3755423 C49.1533493,31.7199085 48.9746028,30.6460493 48.0927754,30.247493" data-v-eb7322e6></path></g></g></svg> <div class="text text-style-3912" style="font-size:150em;" data-v-eb7322e6> <span class="title" data-v-eb7322e6>Burnout Syndrome</span> <span class="sub-title" data-v-eb7322e6>Characteristics and Interventions</span>  <span class="editors" data-v-eb7322e6>Edited by Robert W. Motta</span></div></a></figure> <h4 class="title" data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/1002950" data-v-50c7af74> <span data-v-50c7af74>Burnout Syndrome</span></a></h4> <p class="edited" data-v-50c7af74> Edited by <span data-v-50c7af74><a href="/profiles/262071" data-v-50c7af74>Robert W. Motta</a> </span></p>   </div> </div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-1b1bb206><div class="book-item" style="width:undefinedpx;" data-v-50c7af74 data-v-1b1bb206><figure class="cover-wrap top" data-v-eb7322e6 data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/11433" data-v-eb7322e6><span class="lazy-image ar1" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-eb7322e6><img alt="The Changing Tide of Immigration and Emigration During the Last Three Centuries" class="image cover-image-4815" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-c6fa12ae></span>   <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/ku.svg" class="ku-logo" data-v-eb7322e6> <svg viewBox="0 0 300 270" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" class="svg" data-v-eb7322e6><rect width="300" height="270" style="fill:#e10000;" data-v-eb7322e6></rect> <text x="150" y="35" font-family="Arial" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fffad2" font-size="12" data-v-eb7322e6>IntechOpen</text> <g transform="translate(140, 220)" fill="#FFFAD2" data-v-eb7322e6><g transform="scale(0.7)" data-v-eb7322e6><path d="M18.4091275,7.09361268 L3.66754648,15.3478697 C2.61853239,15.939493 1.9668669,17.0549331 1.9668669,18.2588838 L1.9668669,33.0542958 L0.869542958,32.6455599 C0.346761268,32.4507676 -3.45070423e-05,31.9516232 -3.45070423e-05,31.3936444 L-3.45070423e-05,1.37079225 C-3.45070423e-05,0.417880282 0.94908169,-0.243792254 1.84298662,0.08575 L18.3356275,6.16347535 C18.7472965,6.3151338 18.791638,6.87932394 18.4091275,7.09361268 M38.2955359,22.6833768 C38.178212,23.1238592 37.8226169,23.4794542 37.382307,23.5967782 C36.3688352,23.8671408 35.4695817,22.9675423 35.7401169,21.9540704 C35.8576134,21.5139331 36.2132085,21.158338 36.6536908,21.0411866 C37.6666451,20.7715141 38.565381,21.6704225 38.2955359,22.6833768 M48.0927754,30.247493 C47.5629197,30.0078415 46.9350641,30.1798592 46.5494479,30.614993 L46.5221873,30.6455317 C45.2633704,32.0789542 43.7110711,33.1881831 41.9971063,33.9233556 C41.9917577,33.9255986 41.9971063,22.341757 41.9971063,22.341757 C41.9971063,13.8637218 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L41.9853739,36.796757 C44.484719,35.9396021 46.7488986,34.4454472 48.5267014,32.4212641 L48.5669021,32.3755423 C49.1533493,31.7199085 48.9746028,30.6460493 48.0927754,30.247493" data-v-eb7322e6></path></g></g></svg> <div class="text text-style-294a" style="font-size:150em;" data-v-eb7322e6> <span class="title" data-v-eb7322e6>The Changing Tide of Immigration and Em...</span>   <span class="editors" data-v-eb7322e6>Edited by Ingrid Muenstermann</span></div></a></figure> <h4 class="title" data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/11433" data-v-50c7af74> <span data-v-50c7af74>The Changing Tide of Immigration and Emigration During the Last Three Centuries</span></a></h4> <p class="edited" data-v-50c7af74> Edited by <span data-v-50c7af74><a href="/profiles/77112" data-v-50c7af74>Ingrid Muenstermann</a> </span></p>   </div> </div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-1b1bb206><div class="book-item" style="width:undefinedpx;" data-v-50c7af74 data-v-1b1bb206><figure class="cover-wrap top" data-v-eb7322e6 data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/11487" data-v-eb7322e6><span class="lazy-image ar1" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-eb7322e6><img alt="Flood Risk in a Climate Change Context" class="image cover-image-ffad" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-c6fa12ae></span>   <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/ku.svg" class="ku-logo" data-v-eb7322e6> <svg viewBox="0 0 300 270" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" class="svg" data-v-eb7322e6><rect width="300" height="270" style="fill:#e10000;" data-v-eb7322e6></rect> <text x="150" y="35" font-family="Arial" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fffad2" font-size="12" data-v-eb7322e6>IntechOpen</text> <g transform="translate(140, 220)" fill="#FFFAD2" data-v-eb7322e6><g transform="scale(0.7)" data-v-eb7322e6><path d="M18.4091275,7.09361268 L3.66754648,15.3478697 C2.61853239,15.939493 1.9668669,17.0549331 1.9668669,18.2588838 L1.9668669,33.0542958 L0.869542958,32.6455599 C0.346761268,32.4507676 -3.45070423e-05,31.9516232 -3.45070423e-05,31.3936444 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style="font-size:150em;" data-v-eb7322e6> <span class="title" data-v-eb7322e6>Flood Risk in a Climate Change Context</span> <span class="sub-title" data-v-eb7322e6>Exploring Current and Emerging Drivers</span>  <span class="editors" data-v-eb7322e6>Edited by Tiago Miguel Ferreira</span></div></a></figure> <h4 class="title" data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/11487" data-v-50c7af74> <span data-v-50c7af74>Flood Risk in a Climate Change Context</span></a></h4> <p class="edited" data-v-50c7af74> Edited by <span data-v-50c7af74><a href="/profiles/450075" data-v-50c7af74>Tiago Miguel Ferreira</a> </span></p>   </div> </div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-1b1bb206><div class="book-item" style="width:undefinedpx;" data-v-50c7af74 data-v-1b1bb206><figure class="cover-wrap top" data-v-eb7322e6 data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/11573" data-v-eb7322e6><span class="lazy-image ar1" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-eb7322e6><img alt="Current Topics in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19" class="image cover-image-0466" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-c6fa12ae></span>   <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/ku.svg" class="ku-logo" data-v-eb7322e6> <svg viewBox="0 0 300 270" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" class="svg" data-v-eb7322e6><rect width="300" height="270" style="fill:#e10000;" data-v-eb7322e6></rect> <text x="150" y="35" font-family="Arial" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fffad2" font-size="12" data-v-eb7322e6>IntechOpen</text> <g transform="translate(140, 220)" fill="#FFFAD2" data-v-eb7322e6><g transform="scale(0.7)" data-v-eb7322e6><path d="M18.4091275,7.09361268 L3.66754648,15.3478697 C2.61853239,15.939493 1.9668669,17.0549331 1.9668669,18.2588838 L1.9668669,33.0542958 L0.869542958,32.6455599 C0.346761268,32.4507676 -3.45070423e-05,31.9516232 -3.45070423e-05,31.3936444 L-3.45070423e-05,1.37079225 C-3.45070423e-05,0.417880282 0.94908169,-0.243792254 1.84298662,0.08575 L18.3356275,6.16347535 C18.7472965,6.3151338 18.791638,6.87932394 18.4091275,7.09361268 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C19.6927894,17.2512782 20.0211239,16.8006162 20.5000817,16.7141761 C21.1293176,16.6008204 21.6765993,17.0811585 21.6765993,17.6893451 L21.6765993,22.2984507 L21.6821204,22.287581 C21.6821204,22.2912042 21.6817754,22.2948275 21.6817754,22.2984507 C21.6817754,30.752331 28.5590289,37.6295845 37.0127366,37.6295845 C37.7863845,37.6295845 38.5527859,37.5676444 39.3076275,37.4532535 L39.3076275,47.5686479 C39.3076275,48.3079613 39.9071873,48.9076937 40.6466732,48.9076937 C41.3859866,48.9076937 41.9853739,48.3079613 41.9853739,47.5686479 L41.9853739,36.796757 C44.484719,35.9396021 46.7488986,34.4454472 48.5267014,32.4212641 L48.5669021,32.3755423 C49.1533493,31.7199085 48.9746028,30.6460493 48.0927754,30.247493" data-v-eb7322e6></path></g></g></svg> <div class="text text-style-e294" style="font-size:150em;" data-v-eb7322e6> <span class="title" data-v-eb7322e6>Current Topics in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19</span> <span class="sub-title" data-v-eb7322e6>Two Years After</span>  <span class="editors" data-v-eb7322e6>Edited by Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales</span></div></a></figure> <h4 class="title" data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/11573" data-v-50c7af74> <span data-v-50c7af74>Current Topics in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19</span></a></h4> <p class="edited" data-v-50c7af74> Edited by <span data-v-50c7af74><a href="/profiles/131400" data-v-50c7af74>Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales</a> </span></p>   </div> </div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-1b1bb206><div class="book-item" style="width:undefinedpx;" data-v-50c7af74 data-v-1b1bb206><figure class="cover-wrap top" data-v-eb7322e6 data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/11095" data-v-eb7322e6><span class="lazy-image ar1" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-eb7322e6><img alt="Social Work" class="image cover-image-beef" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-c6fa12ae></span>   <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/ku.svg" class="ku-logo" data-v-eb7322e6> <svg viewBox="0 0 300 270" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" class="svg" data-v-eb7322e6><rect width="300" height="270" style="fill:#e10000;" data-v-eb7322e6></rect> <text x="150" y="35" font-family="Arial" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fffad2" font-size="12" data-v-eb7322e6>IntechOpen</text> <g transform="translate(140, 220)" fill="#FFFAD2" data-v-eb7322e6><g transform="scale(0.7)" data-v-eb7322e6><path d="M18.4091275,7.09361268 L3.66754648,15.3478697 C2.61853239,15.939493 1.9668669,17.0549331 1.9668669,18.2588838 L1.9668669,33.0542958 L0.869542958,32.6455599 C0.346761268,32.4507676 -3.45070423e-05,31.9516232 -3.45070423e-05,31.3936444 L-3.45070423e-05,1.37079225 C-3.45070423e-05,0.417880282 0.94908169,-0.243792254 1.84298662,0.08575 L18.3356275,6.16347535 C18.7472965,6.3151338 18.791638,6.87932394 18.4091275,7.09361268 M38.2955359,22.6833768 C38.178212,23.1238592 37.8226169,23.4794542 37.382307,23.5967782 C36.3688352,23.8671408 35.4695817,22.9675423 35.7401169,21.9540704 C35.8576134,21.5139331 36.2132085,21.158338 36.6536908,21.0411866 C37.6666451,20.7715141 38.565381,21.6704225 38.2955359,22.6833768 M48.0927754,30.247493 C47.5629197,30.0078415 46.9350641,30.1798592 46.5494479,30.614993 L46.5221873,30.6455317 C45.2633704,32.0789542 43.7110711,33.1881831 41.9971063,33.9233556 C41.9917577,33.9255986 41.9971063,22.341757 41.9971063,22.341757 C41.9971063,13.8637218 35.1127789,6.99078169 26.6345711,6.99078169 C24.2718739,6.99078169 21.8610394,7.48388732 19.7830254,8.63297183 C17.9817577,9.62901761 7.46211338,15.5312746 4.66255704,17.1022077 C4.23846549,17.3401338 3.97845493,17.7871725 3.97845493,18.2733768 L3.97845493,47.5848662 C3.97845493,48.5941972 5.06456408,49.230507 5.9451838,48.7372289 L19.0174866,41.4119014 C19.4345042,41.1781162 19.6927894,40.7374613 19.6927894,40.2593662 L19.6927894,17.7378275 C19.6927894,17.2512782 20.0211239,16.8006162 20.5000817,16.7141761 C21.1293176,16.6008204 21.6765993,17.0811585 21.6765993,17.6893451 L21.6765993,22.2984507 L21.6821204,22.287581 C21.6821204,22.2912042 21.6817754,22.2948275 21.6817754,22.2984507 C21.6817754,30.752331 28.5590289,37.6295845 37.0127366,37.6295845 C37.7863845,37.6295845 38.5527859,37.5676444 39.3076275,37.4532535 L39.3076275,47.5686479 C39.3076275,48.3079613 39.9071873,48.9076937 40.6466732,48.9076937 C41.3859866,48.9076937 41.9853739,48.3079613 41.9853739,47.5686479 L41.9853739,36.796757 C44.484719,35.9396021 46.7488986,34.4454472 48.5267014,32.4212641 L48.5669021,32.3755423 C49.1533493,31.7199085 48.9746028,30.6460493 48.0927754,30.247493" data-v-eb7322e6></path></g></g></svg> <div class="text text-style-90b2" style="font-size:150em;" data-v-eb7322e6> <span class="title" data-v-eb7322e6>Social Work</span> <span class="sub-title" data-v-eb7322e6>Perspectives on Leadership and Organisation</span>  <span class="editors" data-v-eb7322e6>Edited by Maria Wolmesjö</span></div></a></figure> <h4 class="title" data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/11095" data-v-50c7af74> <span data-v-50c7af74>Social Work</span></a></h4> <p class="edited" data-v-50c7af74> Edited by <span data-v-50c7af74><a href="/profiles/306136" data-v-50c7af74>Maria Wolmesjö</a> </span></p>   </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="swiper-pagination-9d14" class="pages sdgPages" data-v-32859338 data-v-1b1bb206></div> <div class="nav-btns sdgHubNavBtns" data-v-32859338 data-v-1b1bb206><div id="swiper-button-prev-9d14" class="swiper-button swiper-button--prev" data-v-32859338 data-v-1b1bb206></div> <div id="swiper-button-next-9d14" class="swiper-button swiper-button--next" data-v-32859338 data-v-1b1bb206></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="sdg-related-oa-books" data-v-d2412084><p class="sdg-related-oa-books__title" data-v-d2412084>Sdg-related open access books</p> <p class="sdg-related-oa-books__text" data-v-d2412084>As part of our continuous Edited Volumes publishing program, since joining the SDG Publishers Compact, we have published 252 books that aim at increasing awareness and promoting scientific research in support of the global United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, with more than 99 upcoming titles.</p></div> <div class="book-list" data-v-d2412084><p class="book-list-title" data-v-d2412084>Selected titles</p> <div class="books-list" data-v-1b1bb206 data-v-d2412084><div class="books-list__header" data-v-1b1bb206><h3 class="title sdgHubStyle" data-v-1b1bb206></h3> </div> <div class="swiper-body" data-v-32859338 data-v-1b1bb206><div data-v-32859338><div class="swiper-wrapper" data-v-32859338><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-1b1bb206><div class="book-item" style="width:undefinedpx;" data-v-50c7af74 data-v-1b1bb206><figure class="cover-wrap top" data-v-eb7322e6 data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/1002911" data-v-eb7322e6><span class="lazy-image ar1" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-eb7322e6><img alt="Climate Change and Risk Management" class="image cover-image-3b28" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-c6fa12ae></span>    <svg viewBox="0 0 300 270" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" class="svg" data-v-eb7322e6><rect width="300" height="270" style="fill:#e10000;" data-v-eb7322e6></rect> <text x="150" y="35" font-family="Arial" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fffad2" font-size="12" data-v-eb7322e6>IntechOpen</text> <g transform="translate(140, 220)" fill="#FFFAD2" data-v-eb7322e6><g transform="scale(0.7)" data-v-eb7322e6><path d="M18.4091275,7.09361268 L3.66754648,15.3478697 C2.61853239,15.939493 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19.7830254,8.63297183 C17.9817577,9.62901761 7.46211338,15.5312746 4.66255704,17.1022077 C4.23846549,17.3401338 3.97845493,17.7871725 3.97845493,18.2733768 L3.97845493,47.5848662 C3.97845493,48.5941972 5.06456408,49.230507 5.9451838,48.7372289 L19.0174866,41.4119014 C19.4345042,41.1781162 19.6927894,40.7374613 19.6927894,40.2593662 L19.6927894,17.7378275 C19.6927894,17.2512782 20.0211239,16.8006162 20.5000817,16.7141761 C21.1293176,16.6008204 21.6765993,17.0811585 21.6765993,17.6893451 L21.6765993,22.2984507 L21.6821204,22.287581 C21.6821204,22.2912042 21.6817754,22.2948275 21.6817754,22.2984507 C21.6817754,30.752331 28.5590289,37.6295845 37.0127366,37.6295845 C37.7863845,37.6295845 38.5527859,37.5676444 39.3076275,37.4532535 L39.3076275,47.5686479 C39.3076275,48.3079613 39.9071873,48.9076937 40.6466732,48.9076937 C41.3859866,48.9076937 41.9853739,48.3079613 41.9853739,47.5686479 L41.9853739,36.796757 C44.484719,35.9396021 46.7488986,34.4454472 48.5267014,32.4212641 L48.5669021,32.3755423 C49.1533493,31.7199085 48.9746028,30.6460493 48.0927754,30.247493" data-v-eb7322e6></path></g></g></svg> <div class="text text-style-ff4b" style="font-size:150em;" data-v-eb7322e6> <span class="title" data-v-eb7322e6>Climate Change and Risk Management</span> <span class="sub-title" data-v-eb7322e6>Strategies, Analysis, and Adaptation</span>  <span class="editors" data-v-eb7322e6>Edited by Antonio Di Pietro</span></div></a></figure> <h4 class="title" data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/1002911" data-v-50c7af74> <span data-v-50c7af74>Climate Change and Risk Management</span></a></h4> <p class="edited" data-v-50c7af74> Edited by <span data-v-50c7af74><a href="/profiles/284589" data-v-50c7af74>Antonio Di Pietro</a> </span></p>   </div> </div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-1b1bb206><div class="book-item" style="width:undefinedpx;" data-v-50c7af74 data-v-1b1bb206><figure class="cover-wrap top" data-v-eb7322e6 data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/12793" data-v-eb7322e6><span class="lazy-image ar1" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-eb7322e6><img alt="Current Topics in Zoonoses" class="image cover-image-203d" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-c6fa12ae></span>    <svg viewBox="0 0 300 270" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" class="svg" data-v-eb7322e6><rect width="300" height="270" style="fill:#e10000;" data-v-eb7322e6></rect> <text x="150" y="35" font-family="Arial" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fffad2" font-size="12" data-v-eb7322e6>IntechOpen</text> <g transform="translate(140, 220)" fill="#FFFAD2" data-v-eb7322e6><g transform="scale(0.7)" data-v-eb7322e6><path d="M18.4091275,7.09361268 L3.66754648,15.3478697 C2.61853239,15.939493 1.9668669,17.0549331 1.9668669,18.2588838 L1.9668669,33.0542958 L0.869542958,32.6455599 C0.346761268,32.4507676 -3.45070423e-05,31.9516232 -3.45070423e-05,31.3936444 L-3.45070423e-05,1.37079225 C-3.45070423e-05,0.417880282 0.94908169,-0.243792254 1.84298662,0.08575 L18.3356275,6.16347535 C18.7472965,6.3151338 18.791638,6.87932394 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L19.6927894,17.7378275 C19.6927894,17.2512782 20.0211239,16.8006162 20.5000817,16.7141761 C21.1293176,16.6008204 21.6765993,17.0811585 21.6765993,17.6893451 L21.6765993,22.2984507 L21.6821204,22.287581 C21.6821204,22.2912042 21.6817754,22.2948275 21.6817754,22.2984507 C21.6817754,30.752331 28.5590289,37.6295845 37.0127366,37.6295845 C37.7863845,37.6295845 38.5527859,37.5676444 39.3076275,37.4532535 L39.3076275,47.5686479 C39.3076275,48.3079613 39.9071873,48.9076937 40.6466732,48.9076937 C41.3859866,48.9076937 41.9853739,48.3079613 41.9853739,47.5686479 L41.9853739,36.796757 C44.484719,35.9396021 46.7488986,34.4454472 48.5267014,32.4212641 L48.5669021,32.3755423 C49.1533493,31.7199085 48.9746028,30.6460493 48.0927754,30.247493" data-v-eb7322e6></path></g></g></svg> <div class="text text-style-2e06" style="font-size:150em;" data-v-eb7322e6> <span class="title" data-v-eb7322e6>Current Topics in Zoonoses</span>   <span class="editors" data-v-eb7322e6>Edited by Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales</span></div></a></figure> <h4 class="title" data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/12793" data-v-50c7af74> <span data-v-50c7af74>Current Topics in Zoonoses</span></a></h4> <p class="edited" data-v-50c7af74> Edited by <span data-v-50c7af74><a href="/profiles/131400" data-v-50c7af74>Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales</a> </span></p>   </div> </div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-1b1bb206><div class="book-item" style="width:undefinedpx;" data-v-50c7af74 data-v-1b1bb206><figure class="cover-wrap top" data-v-eb7322e6 data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/12706" data-v-eb7322e6><span class="lazy-image ar1" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-eb7322e6><img alt="Global Health Security" class="image cover-image-31f8" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-c6fa12ae></span>    <svg viewBox="0 0 300 270" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" class="svg" data-v-eb7322e6><rect width="300" height="270" style="fill:#e10000;" data-v-eb7322e6></rect> <text x="150" y="35" font-family="Arial" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fffad2" font-size="12" data-v-eb7322e6>IntechOpen</text> <g transform="translate(140, 220)" fill="#FFFAD2" data-v-eb7322e6><g transform="scale(0.7)" data-v-eb7322e6><path d="M18.4091275,7.09361268 L3.66754648,15.3478697 C2.61853239,15.939493 1.9668669,17.0549331 1.9668669,18.2588838 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48.9746028,30.6460493 48.0927754,30.247493" data-v-eb7322e6></path></g></g></svg> <div class="text text-style-b6ef" style="font-size:150em;" data-v-eb7322e6> <span class="title" data-v-eb7322e6>Global Health Security</span> <span class="sub-title" data-v-eb7322e6>Contemporary Considerations and Developments</span>  <span class="editors" data-v-eb7322e6>Edited by Allincia Michaud</span></div></a></figure> <h4 class="title" data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/12706" data-v-50c7af74> <span data-v-50c7af74>Global Health Security</span></a></h4> <p class="edited" data-v-50c7af74> Edited by <span data-v-50c7af74><a href="/profiles/514617" data-v-50c7af74>Allincia Michaud</a> </span></p>   </div> </div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-1b1bb206><div class="book-item" style="width:undefinedpx;" data-v-50c7af74 data-v-1b1bb206><figure class="cover-wrap top" data-v-eb7322e6 data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/1002532" data-v-eb7322e6><span class="lazy-image ar1" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-eb7322e6><img alt="Social Activism" class="image cover-image-c0c4" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-c6fa12ae></span>    <svg viewBox="0 0 300 270" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" class="svg" data-v-eb7322e6><rect width="300" height="270" style="fill:#e10000;" data-v-eb7322e6></rect> <text x="150" y="35" font-family="Arial" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fffad2" font-size="12" data-v-eb7322e6>IntechOpen</text> <g transform="translate(140, 220)" fill="#FFFAD2" data-v-eb7322e6><g transform="scale(0.7)" data-v-eb7322e6><path d="M18.4091275,7.09361268 L3.66754648,15.3478697 C2.61853239,15.939493 1.9668669,17.0549331 1.9668669,18.2588838 L1.9668669,33.0542958 L0.869542958,32.6455599 C0.346761268,32.4507676 -3.45070423e-05,31.9516232 -3.45070423e-05,31.3936444 L-3.45070423e-05,1.37079225 C-3.45070423e-05,0.417880282 0.94908169,-0.243792254 1.84298662,0.08575 L18.3356275,6.16347535 C18.7472965,6.3151338 18.791638,6.87932394 18.4091275,7.09361268 M38.2955359,22.6833768 C38.178212,23.1238592 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20.5000817,16.7141761 C21.1293176,16.6008204 21.6765993,17.0811585 21.6765993,17.6893451 L21.6765993,22.2984507 L21.6821204,22.287581 C21.6821204,22.2912042 21.6817754,22.2948275 21.6817754,22.2984507 C21.6817754,30.752331 28.5590289,37.6295845 37.0127366,37.6295845 C37.7863845,37.6295845 38.5527859,37.5676444 39.3076275,37.4532535 L39.3076275,47.5686479 C39.3076275,48.3079613 39.9071873,48.9076937 40.6466732,48.9076937 C41.3859866,48.9076937 41.9853739,48.3079613 41.9853739,47.5686479 L41.9853739,36.796757 C44.484719,35.9396021 46.7488986,34.4454472 48.5267014,32.4212641 L48.5669021,32.3755423 C49.1533493,31.7199085 48.9746028,30.6460493 48.0927754,30.247493" data-v-eb7322e6></path></g></g></svg> <div class="text text-style-ebcf" style="font-size:150em;" data-v-eb7322e6> <span class="title" data-v-eb7322e6>Social Activism</span> <span class="sub-title" data-v-eb7322e6>New Challenges in a (Dis)connected World</span>  <span class="editors" data-v-eb7322e6>Edited by Sandro Serpa</span></div></a></figure> <h4 class="title" data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/1002532" data-v-50c7af74> <span data-v-50c7af74>Social Activism</span></a></h4> <p class="edited" data-v-50c7af74> Edited by <span data-v-50c7af74><a href="/profiles/315030" data-v-50c7af74>Sandro Serpa</a> </span></p>   </div> </div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-1b1bb206><div class="book-item" style="width:undefinedpx;" data-v-50c7af74 data-v-1b1bb206><figure class="cover-wrap top" data-v-eb7322e6 data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/12133" data-v-eb7322e6><span class="lazy-image ar1" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-eb7322e6><img alt="Agricultural Value Chains" class="image cover-image-25b9" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-c6fa12ae></span>    <svg viewBox="0 0 300 270" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" class="svg" data-v-eb7322e6><rect width="300" height="270" style="fill:#e10000;" data-v-eb7322e6></rect> <text x="150" y="35" font-family="Arial" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fffad2" font-size="12" data-v-eb7322e6>IntechOpen</text> <g transform="translate(140, 220)" fill="#FFFAD2" data-v-eb7322e6><g transform="scale(0.7)" data-v-eb7322e6><path d="M18.4091275,7.09361268 L3.66754648,15.3478697 C2.61853239,15.939493 1.9668669,17.0549331 1.9668669,18.2588838 L1.9668669,33.0542958 L0.869542958,32.6455599 C0.346761268,32.4507676 -3.45070423e-05,31.9516232 -3.45070423e-05,31.3936444 L-3.45070423e-05,1.37079225 C-3.45070423e-05,0.417880282 0.94908169,-0.243792254 1.84298662,0.08575 L18.3356275,6.16347535 C18.7472965,6.3151338 18.791638,6.87932394 18.4091275,7.09361268 M38.2955359,22.6833768 C38.178212,23.1238592 37.8226169,23.4794542 37.382307,23.5967782 C36.3688352,23.8671408 35.4695817,22.9675423 35.7401169,21.9540704 C35.8576134,21.5139331 36.2132085,21.158338 36.6536908,21.0411866 C37.6666451,20.7715141 38.565381,21.6704225 38.2955359,22.6833768 M48.0927754,30.247493 C47.5629197,30.0078415 46.9350641,30.1798592 46.5494479,30.614993 L46.5221873,30.6455317 C45.2633704,32.0789542 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C39.3076275,48.3079613 39.9071873,48.9076937 40.6466732,48.9076937 C41.3859866,48.9076937 41.9853739,48.3079613 41.9853739,47.5686479 L41.9853739,36.796757 C44.484719,35.9396021 46.7488986,34.4454472 48.5267014,32.4212641 L48.5669021,32.3755423 C49.1533493,31.7199085 48.9746028,30.6460493 48.0927754,30.247493" data-v-eb7322e6></path></g></g></svg> <div class="text text-style-8815" style="font-size:150em;" data-v-eb7322e6> <span class="title" data-v-eb7322e6>Agricultural Value Chains</span> <span class="sub-title" data-v-eb7322e6>Some Selected Issues</span>  <span class="editors" data-v-eb7322e6>Edited by John Stanton</span></div></a></figure> <h4 class="title" data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/12133" data-v-50c7af74> <span data-v-50c7af74>Agricultural Value Chains</span></a></h4> <p class="edited" data-v-50c7af74> Edited by <span data-v-50c7af74><a href="/profiles/497415" data-v-50c7af74>John Stanton</a> </span></p>   </div> </div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 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text-style-4e82" style="font-size:150em;" data-v-eb7322e6> <span class="title" data-v-eb7322e6>Happiness and Wellness</span> <span class="sub-title" data-v-eb7322e6>Biopsychosocial and Anthropological Perspecti...</span>  <span class="editors" data-v-eb7322e6>Edited by Floriana Irtelli</span></div></a></figure> <h4 class="title" data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/11444" data-v-50c7af74> <span data-v-50c7af74>Happiness and Wellness</span></a></h4> <p class="edited" data-v-50c7af74> Edited by <span data-v-50c7af74><a href="/profiles/174641" data-v-50c7af74>Floriana Irtelli</a> </span></p>   </div> </div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-1b1bb206><div class="book-item" style="width:undefinedpx;" data-v-50c7af74 data-v-1b1bb206><figure class="cover-wrap top" data-v-eb7322e6 data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/10812" data-v-eb7322e6><span class="lazy-image ar1" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-eb7322e6><img alt="Protective Forests as Ecosystem-based Solution for Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR)" class="image cover-image-f195" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-c6fa12ae></span>    <svg viewBox="0 0 300 270" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" class="svg" data-v-eb7322e6><rect width="300" height="270" style="fill:#e10000;" data-v-eb7322e6></rect> <text x="150" y="35" font-family="Arial" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fffad2" font-size="12" data-v-eb7322e6>IntechOpen</text> <g transform="translate(140, 220)" fill="#FFFAD2" data-v-eb7322e6><g transform="scale(0.7)" data-v-eb7322e6><path d="M18.4091275,7.09361268 L3.66754648,15.3478697 C2.61853239,15.939493 1.9668669,17.0549331 1.9668669,18.2588838 L1.9668669,33.0542958 L0.869542958,32.6455599 C0.346761268,32.4507676 -3.45070423e-05,31.9516232 -3.45070423e-05,31.3936444 L-3.45070423e-05,1.37079225 C-3.45070423e-05,0.417880282 0.94908169,-0.243792254 1.84298662,0.08575 L18.3356275,6.16347535 C18.7472965,6.3151338 18.791638,6.87932394 18.4091275,7.09361268 M38.2955359,22.6833768 C38.178212,23.1238592 37.8226169,23.4794542 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data-v-50c7af74> <span data-v-50c7af74>Protective Forests as Ecosystem-based Solution for Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR)</span></a></h4> <p class="edited" data-v-50c7af74> Edited by <span data-v-50c7af74><a href="/profiles/428790" data-v-50c7af74>Michaela Teich</a> </span></p>   </div> </div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-1b1bb206><div class="book-item" style="width:undefinedpx;" data-v-50c7af74 data-v-1b1bb206><figure class="cover-wrap top" data-v-eb7322e6 data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/10754" data-v-eb7322e6><span class="lazy-image ar1" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-eb7322e6><img alt="The Nature, Causes, Effects and Mitigation of Climate Change on the Environment" class="image cover-image-295d" data-v-c6fa12ae data-v-c6fa12ae></span>    <svg viewBox="0 0 300 270" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" class="svg" data-v-eb7322e6><rect width="300" height="270" style="fill:#e10000;" data-v-eb7322e6></rect> <text x="150" y="35" font-family="Arial" text-anchor="middle" fill="#fffad2" font-size="12" data-v-eb7322e6>IntechOpen</text> <g transform="translate(140, 220)" fill="#FFFAD2" data-v-eb7322e6><g transform="scale(0.7)" data-v-eb7322e6><path d="M18.4091275,7.09361268 L3.66754648,15.3478697 C2.61853239,15.939493 1.9668669,17.0549331 1.9668669,18.2588838 L1.9668669,33.0542958 L0.869542958,32.6455599 C0.346761268,32.4507676 -3.45070423e-05,31.9516232 -3.45070423e-05,31.3936444 L-3.45070423e-05,1.37079225 C-3.45070423e-05,0.417880282 0.94908169,-0.243792254 1.84298662,0.08575 L18.3356275,6.16347535 C18.7472965,6.3151338 18.791638,6.87932394 18.4091275,7.09361268 M38.2955359,22.6833768 C38.178212,23.1238592 37.8226169,23.4794542 37.382307,23.5967782 C36.3688352,23.8671408 35.4695817,22.9675423 35.7401169,21.9540704 C35.8576134,21.5139331 36.2132085,21.158338 36.6536908,21.0411866 C37.6666451,20.7715141 38.565381,21.6704225 38.2955359,22.6833768 M48.0927754,30.247493 C47.5629197,30.0078415 46.9350641,30.1798592 46.5494479,30.614993 L46.5221873,30.6455317 C45.2633704,32.0789542 43.7110711,33.1881831 41.9971063,33.9233556 C41.9917577,33.9255986 41.9971063,22.341757 41.9971063,22.341757 C41.9971063,13.8637218 35.1127789,6.99078169 26.6345711,6.99078169 C24.2718739,6.99078169 21.8610394,7.48388732 19.7830254,8.63297183 C17.9817577,9.62901761 7.46211338,15.5312746 4.66255704,17.1022077 C4.23846549,17.3401338 3.97845493,17.7871725 3.97845493,18.2733768 L3.97845493,47.5848662 C3.97845493,48.5941972 5.06456408,49.230507 5.9451838,48.7372289 L19.0174866,41.4119014 C19.4345042,41.1781162 19.6927894,40.7374613 19.6927894,40.2593662 L19.6927894,17.7378275 C19.6927894,17.2512782 20.0211239,16.8006162 20.5000817,16.7141761 C21.1293176,16.6008204 21.6765993,17.0811585 21.6765993,17.6893451 L21.6765993,22.2984507 L21.6821204,22.287581 C21.6821204,22.2912042 21.6817754,22.2948275 21.6817754,22.2984507 C21.6817754,30.752331 28.5590289,37.6295845 37.0127366,37.6295845 C37.7863845,37.6295845 38.5527859,37.5676444 39.3076275,37.4532535 L39.3076275,47.5686479 C39.3076275,48.3079613 39.9071873,48.9076937 40.6466732,48.9076937 C41.3859866,48.9076937 41.9853739,48.3079613 41.9853739,47.5686479 L41.9853739,36.796757 C44.484719,35.9396021 46.7488986,34.4454472 48.5267014,32.4212641 L48.5669021,32.3755423 C49.1533493,31.7199085 48.9746028,30.6460493 48.0927754,30.247493" data-v-eb7322e6></path></g></g></svg> <div class="text text-style-770e" style="font-size:150em;" data-v-eb7322e6> <span class="title" data-v-eb7322e6>The Nature, Causes, Effects and Mitigat...</span>   <span class="editors" data-v-eb7322e6>Edited by Stuart Harris</span></div></a></figure> <h4 class="title" data-v-50c7af74><a href="/books/10754" data-v-50c7af74> <span data-v-50c7af74>The Nature, Causes, Effects and Mitigation of Climate Change on the Environment</span></a></h4> <p class="edited" data-v-50c7af74> Edited by <span data-v-50c7af74><a href="/profiles/12539" data-v-50c7af74>Stuart Harris</a> </span></p>   </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="swiper-pagination-83f5" class="pages sdgPages" data-v-32859338 data-v-1b1bb206></div> <div class="nav-btns sdgHubNavBtns" data-v-32859338 data-v-1b1bb206><div id="swiper-button-prev-83f5" class="swiper-button swiper-button--prev" data-v-32859338 data-v-1b1bb206></div> <div id="swiper-button-next-83f5" class="swiper-button swiper-button--next" data-v-32859338 data-v-1b1bb206></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div data-v-5cccd0f0 data-v-b11e13e8><div id="open-science-journals" class="journals" data-v-5cccd0f0><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/journals/journals-red.svg" class="journals-logo" data-v-5cccd0f0> <p class="journals-title" data-v-5cccd0f0>Open Science Journals</p> <p class="relative-d4 text-content" data-v-5cccd0f0>Our journals are new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work whilst embracing open science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work.</p> <p class="journals-highlighted text-content" data-v-5cccd0f0>Highlighted title - Green Energy and Environmental Technology (GEET) </p> <p class="relative-d4 text-content" data-v-5cccd0f0> GEET is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes work across biological and environmental sciences, showcasing research within these rapidly developing fields with a high impact on humankind and its environment. The papers published aim to support United Nations SDGs and have a strong technological component. To date, 70% of the works published have been specifically in support of the SDGs. <a href="/journals/news/green-energy-and-environmental-technology-journal-supporting-the-un-sustainable-development-goals-20241105" class="link" data-v-5cccd0f0> Find out more </a></p> <p data-v-5cccd0f0></p></div> <div class="journal" data-v-162e0134 data-v-5cccd0f0><div class="journal-banner" data-v-162e0134><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/journals/geet-bg.jpg" class="journal-banner--background" data-v-162e0134> <div class="journal-banner--content" data-v-162e0134><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/journals/logo/geet-logo.svg" class="journal-logo" style="height:76px;" data-v-162e0134> <div class="editor" data-v-162e0134><p class="editor-title" data-v-162e0134>Editor in chief</p> <p class="editor-name" data-v-162e0134>Eduardo Jacob-Lopes</p> <p class="editor-institution" data-v-162e0134>Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil</p></div></div></div> <a href="/journals/7/articles/315" data-v-aa6d5c02 data-v-162e0134><div class="article-lg" data-v-aa6d5c02><div class="article-type" data-v-aa6d5c02><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/journals/OpenAccessLock.svg" data-v-aa6d5c02> <p class="relative-d8 bold" data-v-aa6d5c02>Open access peer-reviewed article</p></div> <p class="article-title" data-v-aa6d5c02>Research on Ammonium Removal from Wastewater by Adsorption and Ozonation Processes</p> <p class="article-author" data-v-aa6d5c02>Ján Derco, Nikola Šoltýsová, Ronald Zakhar and Jakub Jurík</p> <p class="relative-d8 bold gray" data-v-aa6d5c02>Special Issue: URBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT LED BY PROFESSOR JAN DERCO AND RONALD ZAKHAR, PHD FROM SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA</p> <p class="relative-d8 bold gray" data-v-aa6d5c02>July 2024</p></div></a><a href="/journals/7/articles/414" data-v-aa6d5c02 data-v-162e0134><div class="article" data-v-aa6d5c02><div class="article-type" data-v-aa6d5c02><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/journals/OpenAccessLock.svg" data-v-aa6d5c02> <p class="relative-d8 bold" data-v-aa6d5c02>Open access peer-reviewed article</p></div> <p class="article-title" data-v-aa6d5c02>Performance Assessment of Confined Tube Aerators in Parallel Configuration</p> <p class="article-author" data-v-aa6d5c02>Roohany Mahmud, Joseph Carpenter and David W. MacPhee</p> <p class="relative-d8 bold gray" data-v-aa6d5c02>Section: Environmental Engineering/Green Technologies</p> <p class="relative-d8 bold gray" data-v-aa6d5c02>September 2024</p></div></a><a href="/journals/7/articles/419" data-v-aa6d5c02 data-v-162e0134><div class="article" data-v-aa6d5c02><div class="article-type" data-v-aa6d5c02><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/journals/OpenAccessLock.svg" data-v-aa6d5c02> <p class="relative-d8 bold" data-v-aa6d5c02>Open access peer-reviewed article</p></div> <p class="article-title" data-v-aa6d5c02>Development of Titanium Dioxide Coating for Self-Cleaning Photovoltaic Panels</p> <p class="article-author" data-v-aa6d5c02>Chau Pham, Chris Pung and Lihong (Heidi) Jiao</p> <p class="relative-d8 bold gray" data-v-aa6d5c02>Section: Sustainable Energy Generation, Storage & Distribution</p> <p class="relative-d8 bold gray" data-v-aa6d5c02>October 2024</p></div></a><a href="/journals/7/articles/424" data-v-aa6d5c02 data-v-162e0134><div class="article" data-v-aa6d5c02><div class="article-type" data-v-aa6d5c02><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/journals/OpenAccessLock.svg" data-v-aa6d5c02> <p class="relative-d8 bold" data-v-aa6d5c02>Open access peer-reviewed article</p></div> <p class="article-title" data-v-aa6d5c02>The State of the Art in Hydrogen Storage</p> <p class="article-author" data-v-aa6d5c02>Jemma Reynolds, Dallia Ali, James Njuguna and Frances Amadhe</p> <p class="relative-d8 bold gray" data-v-aa6d5c02>Section: Sustainable Energy Generation, Storage, and Distribution</p> <p class="relative-d8 bold gray" data-v-aa6d5c02>October 2024</p></div></a></div></div> <div data-v-08475490 data-v-b11e13e8><div class="white-bg-large" data-v-08475490><div id="overview-of-content" class="inner" data-v-08475490><div class="swiper-body swiper" data-v-32859338 data-v-08475490><div data-v-32859338><div class="swiper-wrapper" data-v-32859338> <div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-08475490><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/graphics/number-of-publications-by-category.png" class="image" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-08475490></div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-08475490><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/graphics/number-of-publications-by-year.jpg" class="image" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-08475490></div></div></div> <div class="left" data-v-32859338 data-v-08475490><div class="overview-content" data-v-32859338 data-v-08475490><p class="relative-d3 bold" data-v-32859338 data-v-08475490>Overview of the Content Published by Goal</p> <p class="relative-d4" data-v-32859338 data-v-08475490>Since the beginning, we have published works that advocate for themes represented by the SDGs.</p> <p class="overview-content-source" data-v-32859338 data-v-08475490>Source: Dimensions</p></div> <div class="news-slider__pagination" data-v-32859338 data-v-08475490><div id="pagination-news" class="pages" data-v-32859338 data-v-08475490></div> <div class="controlls" data-v-32859338 data-v-08475490><button class="nav-btn" style="background-image:url('//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/series/icons/ic-arrow-left-ivory.svg');" data-v-32859338 data-v-08475490></button> <button class="nav-btn" style="background-image:url('//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/series/icons/arrow_right-ivory.svg');" data-v-32859338 data-v-08475490></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <section id="responsible-publishing" data-v-05049310><div class="section-intro" data-v-05049310><div class="section-intro-images" data-v-05049310><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-responsible-consumption.jpg" alt="responsible consumption" data-v-05049310> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-quality-education.jpg" alt="quality education" data-v-05049310> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-reduced-inequalities.jpg" alt="reduced inequalities" data-v-05049310></div> <div class="section-intro-text" data-v-05049310><p class="title" data-v-05049310>Responsible Publishing & Processes</p> <p class="relative-d4" data-v-05049310>Our product dimension also includes the production process perspective, which is looked over through the value chain model, with product lifecycle, business porcesses and inclusive practices empasised. All the operations are oriented towards SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production.</p></div></div> <div class="open-science" data-v-d5f4cf0a data-v-05049310><p id="open-science" class="open-science-title" data-v-d5f4cf0a>Open Science - Supporting Reproducibility and Transparency</p> <p class="relative-d4 text-content" data-v-d5f4cf0a>Following the launch of our open science journal portfolio in 2022 and our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research, we organised an opening webinar, ‘Introduction to Open Science’, leading to our ‘Engaging with Open Science 2023’ webinar series in 2023. We discuss critical developments in open science with industry-leading experts and academics.</p> <div class="webinars" data-v-d5f4cf0a><div class="webinar" data-v-2874bb21 data-v-d5f4cf0a><div class="webinar-card" style="background:url('//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/webinar-bg.jpg');background-size:cover;" data-v-2874bb21><p class="webinar-number" data-v-2874bb21>Webinar 1</p> <div class="webinar-title" data-v-2874bb21><p class="webinar-title__series" data-v-2874bb21>Engaging with Open Science 2023:</p> <p class="webinar-title__name" data-v-2874bb21>Preprints</p></div> <div class="webinar-date" data-v-2874bb21><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/webinar/icons/calendar-white.svg" data-v-2874bb21> <p data-v-2874bb21>18 April 2023</p></div></div> <a href="/journals/open-science/webinars-2023/webinar-1" target="_blank" class="recording relative-d4" data-v-2874bb21>Watch the recording ></a></div><div class="webinar" data-v-2874bb21 data-v-d5f4cf0a><div class="webinar-card" style="background:url('//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/webinar-bg.jpg');background-size:cover;" data-v-2874bb21><p class="webinar-number" data-v-2874bb21>Webinar 2</p> <div class="webinar-title" data-v-2874bb21><p class="webinar-title__series" data-v-2874bb21>Engaging with Open Science 2023:</p> <p class="webinar-title__name" data-v-2874bb21>Open Data</p></div> <div class="webinar-date" data-v-2874bb21><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/webinar/icons/calendar-white.svg" data-v-2874bb21> <p data-v-2874bb21>13 June 2023</p></div></div> <a href="/journals/open-science/webinars-2023/webinar-2" target="_blank" class="recording relative-d4" data-v-2874bb21>Watch the recording ></a></div><div class="webinar" data-v-2874bb21 data-v-d5f4cf0a><div class="webinar-card" style="background:url('//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/webinar-bg.jpg');background-size:cover;" data-v-2874bb21><p class="webinar-number" data-v-2874bb21>Webinar 3</p> <div class="webinar-title" data-v-2874bb21><p class="webinar-title__series" data-v-2874bb21>Engaging with Open Science 2023:</p> <p class="webinar-title__name" data-v-2874bb21>Open Peer Review</p></div> <div class="webinar-date" data-v-2874bb21><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/webinar/icons/calendar-white.svg" data-v-2874bb21> <p data-v-2874bb21>26 September 2023</p></div></div> <a href="/journals/open-science/webinars-2023/webinar-3" target="_blank" class="recording relative-d4" data-v-2874bb21>Watch the recording ></a></div></div> <a href="/open-science-hub" class="button" data-v-d5f4cf0a> Visit Open Science Hub </a></div> <div id="waiver-policy" class="waiver-policy" data-v-7d40017c data-v-05049310><p class="relative-d3 subtitle bold" data-v-7d40017c>Waiver Policy - Supporting Our Authors</p> <p class="relative-d4 text-content" data-v-7d40017c>While providing support and advice to all our international authors, waiver priority will be given to those authors who reside in countries that are classified by the World Bank as low-income economies. In this way, we can help ensure that the scientific work being carried out can make an impact within the worldwide scientific community, no matter where an author might live.</p> <a href="/page/waiver-policy" class="waiver-policy-button" data-v-7d40017c> Visit Waiver Policy </a></div> <div id="accessibility-online" class="large" data-v-79fb8b9f data-v-05049310><div class="text-section" data-v-79fb8b9f><p class="relative-d3 subtitle bold" data-v-79fb8b9f>Accessibility Online - Supporting Our Readers</p> <div class="relative-d4" data-v-79fb8b9f><p data-v-79fb8b9f>For nearly two decades, IntechOpen has been supporting the dissemination of knowledge with its OA and OS publishing program. Our goal is to make scientific information accessible to everyone.</p> <p data-v-79fb8b9f>Our website and our open access platform are now also accessible to all and comply with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1, level AA, ADA and Section 508 standards compliant with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the ongoing commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals focusing on inclusion and equity.</p></div></div> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/body.svg" class="body" data-v-79fb8b9f></div> <div id="print-on-demand" class="section" data-v-584a49cb data-v-05049310><div class="about" data-v-584a49cb><div class="about-text" data-v-584a49cb><p class="relative-d3 bold subtitle" data-v-584a49cb>Print On Demand - Supporting the Environment</p> <p class="about-text--content relative-d4" data-v-584a49cb>Aside from free access online, all books can be ordered as hard copies. Sustainability and efficiency have been implemented since 2011. Currently, the solutions related to the print product include on-demand printing, sustainable printing paper, sustainable printing practices, sustainable packaging, and sustainable shipping.</p></div> <div class="images" data-v-584a49cb><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/fsc.jpg" alt="fsc.jpg" class="image-fsc" data-v-584a49cb><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/pefc.jpg" alt="pefc.jpg" class="image-pefc" data-v-584a49cb><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/ecolabel.jpg" alt="ecolabel.jpg" class="image-ecolabel" data-v-584a49cb><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/bronze.jpg" alt="bronze.jpg" class="image-bronze" data-v-584a49cb></div></div> <div class="solutions-and-delivery" data-v-9e64fac6 data-v-584a49cb><div class="solutions-lg" data-v-9e64fac6><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/lines-xlg.svg" class="lines-lg" data-v-9e64fac6> <div class="lines-text" data-v-9e64fac6><p class="lines-text-title" data-v-9e64fac6>Print-on-demand</p> <p data-v-9e64fac6>IntechOpen books are available online, and for its print products as of 2011, we offer only a print-on-demand option to avoid unnecessary waste.</p></div> <div class="lines-text" data-v-9e64fac6><p class="lines-text-title" data-v-9e64fac6>Sustainability from forest to paper</p> <p data-v-9e64fac6> The chosen paper and cardboard producers promote sustainable forestry by responsible sourcing of certified wood and paper. </p></div> <div class="lines-text" data-v-9e64fac6><p class="lines-text-title" data-v-9e64fac6> Sustainability-aware printing services</p> <p data-v-9e64fac6>IntechOpens printing partners are aligned with the following standards: FSC® CoC (Chain of Custody), ISO 14001:2004, and ISO 9001:2008. </p></div> <div class="lines-text" data-v-9e64fac6><p class="lines-text-title" data-v-9e64fac6> Responsible shipping</p> <p data-v-9e64fac6>IntechOpen is planning to switch to DHLs Go Green shipping service in the imminent future with the primary objective of reducing and avoiding the emission of greenhouse gasses and local air pollutants. </p></div></div> <div class="delivery" data-v-9e64fac6><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-package.jpg" class="package" data-v-9e64fac6> <div class="delivery-companies" data-v-9e64fac6><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/dhl.png" class="dhl" data-v-9e64fac6> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/go-green.png" class="go-green" data-v-9e64fac6></div></div></div></div> <div class="section" data-v-d11d85fe data-v-05049310><p id="initiatives" class="relative-d3 bold subtitle" data-v-d11d85fe> Initiatives That Promote Wide and Critical Dissemination of Content Globally </p> <div class="items" data-v-d11d85fe><div class="first" data-v-d11d85fe><div class="item" data-v-d11d85fe><div class="item-intro item-intro-r4l" data-v-d11d85fe><p class="item-title" data-v-d11d85fe>R4L</p> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/r4l.svg" class="item-logo-r4l" data-v-d11d85fe></div> <p class="relative-d4" data-v-d11d85fe> Since 2019, our collaboration with Research4Life has aimed to boost worldwide participation in research and scholarly communications, particularly from lower-income countries, thereby ensuring that all researchers have an equitable platform to harness knowledge, broaden publishing participation, and address societal challenges. </p></div> <div class="item" data-v-d11d85fe><div class="item-intro" data-v-d11d85fe><p class="item-title" data-v-d11d85fe>Zendy</p> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/zendy.svg" class="item-logo-zendy" data-v-d11d85fe></div> <p class="relative-d4" data-v-d11d85fe>IntechOpen partnered with Zendy, developed by Knowledge E, to boost the accessibility of open access content for developing countries, making our scholarly work more discoverable in the MENA region and other developing countries. As members of the SDG Publishers Compact, both Knowledge E and IntechOpen share the same commitment to increase awareness, publish and disseminate scientific research that supports the UN SDGs.</p></div></div> <div class="second" data-v-d11d85fe><div class="item" data-v-d11d85fe><div class="item-intro item-intro-aid" data-v-d11d85fe><p class="item-title" data-v-d11d85fe>Book Aid</p> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/book-aid.svg" class="item-logo-book-aid" data-v-d11d85fe></div> <p class="relative-d4 item-about-aid" data-v-d11d85fe> In 2022 and again in 2024, IntechOpen donated books to Book Aid International, reinforcing our commitment to advancing progress and equity in research and education. This initiative is a natural fit for IntechOpen, as it aligns with our mission to make knowledge accessible to all. Partnering with Book Aid International - an organization with a long history of using books to foster progress and promote equity - ensures that our publications reach researchers and professionals in regions with limited access to online resources. We look forward to continuing our support for Book Aid International in the future. </p> <figure data-v-d11d85fe><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-01.jpg" class="two-women" data-v-d11d85fe> <figcaption class="relative-d6" data-v-d11d85fe> Alison Tweed, CEO, Book Aid International, and Dr. Sara Uhac, CEO, IntechOpen, at the 2022 Frankfurt Book Fair. </figcaption></figure></div></div></div></div></section> <section id="climate-action" data-v-54728878><div class="intro" data-v-54728878><div class="title-section" data-v-54728878><div class="title" data-v-54728878><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-climate-action.jpg" alt="sdg-hub-climate-action" data-v-54728878> <p data-v-54728878>Climate Action</p></div> <p id="initiatives-of-publishing-industry" class="relative-d3 bold subtitle" data-v-54728878>Initiatives of the publishing industry</p></div> <div class="relative-d4 text-content" data-v-54728878><p data-v-54728878>The publishing industry has united in calling for climate action as a priority, with the ambition to support SDG 13 - Climate Action. IntechOpen also prioritised SDG 13 in its sustainability approach through its publishing program and special initiatives in response to this global call. IntechOpen actively contributes to the topic by gathering relevant open access and open science research, broadening its understanding partnering with different initiatives (Kudos, Impact Science...), and accelerating its application towards a sustainable world.</p> <a href="/climate-change-hub" class="link" data-v-54728878>Visit Climate Change Hub</a></div></div> <div class="section" data-v-39db5b96 data-v-54728878><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/kudos-tablet.svg" class="tablet-img" data-v-39db5b96> <div class="kudos" data-v-39db5b96><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/kudos-logo.svg" class="kudos-logo" data-v-39db5b96> <p class="kudos-text relative-d4" data-v-39db5b96>A selection of articles from IntechOpen <span data-v-39db5b96>Journal Green Energy and Environmental Technology (GEET)</span> is now available through IntechOpen Climate Change Showcase at Kudos platform, with summaries explained in plain language by professional science writers. </p> <a href="https://www.growkudos.com/showcase/collections/climate-change-intechopen" target="_blank" class="kudos-link" data-v-39db5b96>Visit the Showcase</a></div></div> <div class="content" data-v-156e80a6 data-v-54728878><div id="environmental-impact" class="section" data-v-156e80a6><p class="relative-d3 bold subtitle" data-v-156e80a6>Environmental Impact</p> <p class="relative-d4 text-content" data-v-156e80a6> Special effort is made to reduce the business’ environmental footprint, and realisation measures have already been established and some implemented. We apply a dynamic process that ensures that emerging metrics, evolving industry dynamics, and new material topics are promptly identified and incorporated into the assessments. </p></div> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/graphics/env.svg" class="graph" data-v-156e80a6> <p class="relative-d4 text-content" data-v-156e80a6> Guided by transparency, accountability, and continuous learning principles, we apply a dynamic process that promptly identifies emerging metrics, evolving industry dynamics, and new material topics and incorporates them into the assessment and our reports. By proactively including recognised sustainability topics, we strive to ensure our practices remain relevant, comprehensive, and aligned with stakeholder expectations. </p></div></section> <section id="responsible-business" data-v-620a6b2a><div class="section" data-v-620a6b2a><div class="section-intro" data-v-620a6b2a><div class="section-intro--images" data-v-620a6b2a><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-decent-work.jpg" alt="sdg-hub-decent-work" data-v-620a6b2a> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-gender-equality.jpg" alt="sdg-hub-gender-equality" data-v-620a6b2a></div> <p class="section-intro--title" data-v-620a6b2a>Responsible Bussines and Organisational Culture Principles</p></div> <p class="relative-d4 text-content" data-v-620a6b2a>The social perspective is considered through the company’s business philosophy and organisational culture principles - equality, inclusiveness, responsibility, and employees’ well-being, in support of SDG 5 and 8 - respectively, Gender Equality and Decent Work and Economic Growth.</p></div> <div class="reports" data-v-4ec77443 data-v-620a6b2a><div class="swiper-body swiper" data-v-32859338 data-v-4ec77443><div data-v-32859338><div class="swiper-wrapper" data-v-32859338><div id="reports" class="swiper-slide report" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443><div class="report-text" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443><p class="report-year" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443>2023 ESG Report</p> <div class="report-about" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443><p class="relative-d4" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443>Our third annual ESG report showcases a continuation of our work through the years. By proactively including recognised sustainability topics in everything we do, we strive to ensure our practices remain relevant and comprehensive.</p> </div></div> <video controls="controls" class="report-video" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443><source src="https://cdnintech.com/news/ESG-2023-video.mp4" type="video/mp4" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443></video></div><div id="reports" class="swiper-slide report" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443><div class="report-text" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443><p class="report-year" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443>2022 ESG Report</p> <div class="report-about" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443><p class="relative-d4" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443>As the world’s leading publisher of open access books, and a portfolio of open science journals, IntechOpen has embarked on a journey towards environmental, social, and governance(ESG) excellence. This second, annual ESG report builds on the insights and achievements of 2021. This brochure serves a dual purpose: to showcase the advancements made since the first report and to underscore IntechOpen’s commitment to continuous improvement in ESG practices</p> <a href="https://cdnintech.com/news/Whitepaper_2022_ESG_Due_Diligence_Report.pdf" class="download" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443><p class="download-link" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443>Download ESG report</p> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-down.svg" class="download-icon" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443></a></div></div> <video controls="controls" class="report-video" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443><source src="https://cdnintech.com/news/ESG-2022-video.mp4" type="video/mp4" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443></video></div><div id="reports" class="swiper-slide report" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443><div class="report-text" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443><p class="report-year" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443>2021 ESG Report</p> <div class="report-about" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443><p class="relative-d4" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443>With our ongoing commitment to increase awareness and publish and promote scientific research in support of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, IntechOpen is actively implementing Environmental, Social, and Governance principles into its operations.</p> <a href="https://cdnintech.com/news/Whitepaper_2021_ESG_Due_Diligence_Report.pdf" class="download" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443><p class="download-link" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443>Download ESG report</p> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/icons/arrow-down.svg" class="download-icon" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443></a></div></div> <video controls="controls" class="report-video" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443><source src="https://cdnintech.com/news/ESG-2021.mp4" type="video/mp4" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-4ec77443></video></div> </div></div> <div id="swiper-pagination-esg" class="pages" data-v-32859338 data-v-4ec77443></div> <div class="nav-btns" data-v-32859338 data-v-4ec77443><div id="swiper-button-prev" class="swiper-button swiper-button--prev" data-v-32859338 data-v-4ec77443></div> <div id="swiper-button-next" class="swiper-button swiper-button--next" data-v-32859338 data-v-4ec77443></div></div></div></div> <div id="diversity-and-inclusions" class="diversity-and-inclusion" data-v-437f5120 data-v-620a6b2a><div class="intro" data-v-437f5120><p class="intro-title" data-v-437f5120>Diversity and Inclusion</p> <p class="text relative-d4" data-v-437f5120>We at IntechOpen have formalised a set of commitments to fostering, cultivating and preserving a culture of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion. This applies to a global statement on a company level and furthering our commitments across different editorial policies to support a more inclusive and diverse scholarly publishing community that we have always been proud of supporting and giving visibility and impact to.</p></div></div> <div class="content" data-v-76d196be data-v-620a6b2a><div class="gender-equality" data-v-76d196be><p class="gender-equality--title" data-v-76d196be>Gender Equality</p> <p class="gender-equality--text relative-d4" data-v-76d196be> IntechOpen is committed to fostering a diverse, equitable, and inclusive workplace that values and respects all individuals. A commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion is essential to our mission of promoting open access and open science and advancing the scientific community.</p></div> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/employee-diversity-lg.svg" class="employee-diversity" data-v-76d196be> <div class="management-board" data-v-76d196be><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/management-board.svg" data-v-76d196be> <div class="management-board-text" data-v-76d196be><p class="management-board-text__title" data-v-76d196be>Management Board</p> <p class="relative-d4" data-v-76d196be>At the board level, 33% female members. Among the 82 FTE employees, the majority (80%) were female.</p></div></div> <div class="women-in-science" data-v-76d196be><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/wis-tablet.png" data-v-76d196be> <div class="women-in-science-text" data-v-76d196be><p class="relative-d7 bold uppercase" data-v-76d196be>Initiatives that support diversity and inclusion - Women in Science</p> <p class="relative-d4" data-v-76d196be>For many years, IntechOpen has actively promoted the research of female scientists. Our Women in Science program builds on the previous WIS program's successful foundations, publishing the research of award-winning women from physics to robotics, medicine to environmental science.</p> <a href="/women-in-science" class="women-in-science-link" data-v-76d196be>Women in Science Initiatives Hub</a></div></div> <div class="border" data-v-76d196be></div></div> <div class="section" data-v-7a2f1dcc data-v-620a6b2a><div class="rising-stars" data-v-7a2f1dcc><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/rising-stars-tablet.png" data-v-7a2f1dcc> <div class="rising-stars-text" data-v-7a2f1dcc><p class="relative-d7 bold uppercase" data-v-7a2f1dcc>Rising Stars - a Hub for Young Scientists</p> <p class="relative-d4" data-v-7a2f1dcc>At IntechOpen, we understand the importance of nurturing the next generation of scientists. Our Rising Stars Hub serves as a dedicated platform to inspire young researchers, offering a collection of interviews with leading scientists and materials designed to motivate aspiring scientists to pursue their passions and join the global scholarly conversation.</p> <a href="/rising-stars" class="rising-stars-link" data-v-7a2f1dcc>Rising Stars - a Hub for Young Scientists</a></div></div> <div class="border" data-v-7a2f1dcc></div></div> <div class="section" data-v-2c2d8462 data-v-620a6b2a><div class="rising-stars" data-v-2c2d8462><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/open-science-hub.png" data-v-2c2d8462> <div class="rising-stars-text" data-v-2c2d8462><p class="relative-d7 bold uppercase" data-v-2c2d8462>Open science hub</p> <p class="relative-d4" data-v-2c2d8462> As part of our commitment to open access and open science, we have launched the Open Science Hub - a centralized platform dedicated to enhancing openness and accessibility in scientific research. This hub serves as a starting point for accessing open science resources, featuring webinars on open science practices, expert discussions across various disciplines, and curated materials to foster a more inclusive and equitable scientific ecosystem. </p> <a href="/open-science-hub" class="rising-stars-link" data-v-2c2d8462>Open Science Hub</a></div></div></div> <div class="disability-and-work" data-v-5147797a data-v-620a6b2a><p class="title" data-v-5147797a>Disability and work</p> <div class="programs" data-v-5147797a><div class="first" data-v-5147797a><div class="program" data-v-5147797a><div class="program-title" data-v-5147797a><p class="subtitle" data-v-5147797a>Daily Fit-Office Exercise Breaks</p> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/fit-office.svg" class="fit-office" data-v-5147797a></div> <div class="text" data-v-5147797a><p class="relative-d4" data-v-5147797a>Our goal is to improve health and a better quality of life at the workplace, and we have introduced a workplace exercise program adapted to the needs and capabilities of the team. Improving physical and mental health creates a productive and motivating work environment and raises employees' quality of life.</p> <p class="relative-d4" data-v-5147797a>Our partner in doing so is FitOffice, a socially responsible company that employs more than 50% of people with disabilities and is run by a paralympic athlete.</p></div></div> <div class="program" data-v-5147797a><div class="program-title" data-v-5147797a><p class="subtitle" data-v-5147797a>Socially-responsible Initiatives</p></div> <div class="text" data-v-5147797a><p class="relative-d4" data-v-5147797a>Every year our team takes part in socially-responsible Initiatives. After years of supporting zero hunger initiatives and SDG Goal 2, our employees have decided to donate to a children's home and support Goal 16.2 for Christmas 2022.</p> <p class="relative-d4" data-v-5147797a>The aim was to help a public social care institution that provides psychosocial assistance to children, young people and their families through a half-day stay program, professional advisory service and preventive activities.</p> <p class="relative-d4" style="margin-top: 8px;" data-v-5147797a>IntechOpen’s employees’ commitment for Christmas 2023 was to help the most vulnerable fellow citizens by providing food packages. The food was distributed through the a local volunteer organisation that provides food and essential items to help people in need.</p></div></div></div> <div class="second" data-v-5147797a><div class="program" data-v-5147797a><div class="program-title wfl-title" data-v-5147797a><p class="subtitle" data-v-5147797a>Wings for Life 2022 & 2023</p> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/wings-for-life.svg" class="wings-for-life" data-v-5147797a></div> <div class="text" data-v-5147797a><p class="relative-d4" data-v-5147797a>IntechOpen joins the rest of the world each year in the Wings for Life World run. The world's biggest running event, the Wings for Life World Run, is an international race in which donations help to support spinal cord injury research - 100% of entry fees go to spinal cord research and help to find a cure for spinal cord injury. </p></div> <div class="world-run-images" data-v-5147797a><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-world-run-2022.jpg" class="world-run" data-v-5147797a> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intechopen-sdg-hub-world-run-2023.jpg" class="world-run" data-v-5147797a></div></div></div></div></div></section> <div id="highlights-and-events" class="highlights" data-v-2ba06fbf><div class="highlights--title" data-v-2ba06fbf><p class="relative-d3 bold" data-v-2ba06fbf>Highlights and Events</p></div> <div class="highlights-swiper" data-v-2ba06fbf><div class="swiper-body swiper" data-v-32859338 data-v-2ba06fbf><div data-v-32859338><div class="swiper-wrapper" data-v-32859338><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><div class="item" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/geet.png" class="item-img" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf> <div class="item-data" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><p class="item-data__date" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>05 November 2024</p> <p class="item-data__title" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>Green Energy and Environmental Technology Journal: Supporting the UN Sustainable Development Goals</p> <p class="item-data__text" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>Nearly 70% of the journal's publications directly contribute to key SDGs, including Good Health and Well-Being (SDG 3), Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6), Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG 7), Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12), Climate Action (SDG 13), and Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG 11).</p> <a href="/news/green-energy-and-environmental-technology-journal-supporting-the-un-sustainable-development-goals-20241105" class="item-data__link" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>Learn More</a></div></div></div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><div class="item" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/research4life.png" class="item-img" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf> <div class="item-data" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><p class="item-data__date" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>29 October 2024</p> <p class="item-data__title" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>IntechOpen Signs Research4Life Publishers Recommitment</p> <p class="item-data__text" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>As a signatory of the United Nations SDG Publishers Compact and an open access publisher, IntechOpen proudly reaffirms its commitment to Research4Life, emphasising our shared mission to foster a diverse, inclusive, and equitable research ecosystem. We believe that equitable access to knowledge is essential for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 and fostering global advancement.</p> <a href="/news/intechopen-signs-research4life-publishers-recommitment-20241029" class="item-data__link" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>Learn More</a></div></div></div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><div class="item" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/open-science-hub.jpg" class="item-img" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf> <div class="item-data" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><p class="item-data__date" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>28 October 2024</p> <p class="item-data__title" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>IntechOpen Launches Open Science Hub</p> <p class="item-data__text" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>As a natural step forward in our commitment to open access and open science, we are introducing the Open Science Hub - a centralised platform dedicated to advancing openness and accessibility in scientific research.</p> <a href="/news/intechopen-launches-open-science-hub-20241028" class="item-data__link" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>Learn More</a></div></div></div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><div class="item" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/ku.png" class="item-img" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf> <div class="item-data" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><p class="item-data__date" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>19 August 2024</p> <p class="item-data__title" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>New Open Access Books from the Knowledge Unlatched Select Programme 2024</p> <p class="item-data__text" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>Our fruitful partnership with Knowledge Unlatched is now entering its sixth year. During this time, with the support of libraries worldwide, we have published 64 books covering Social Sciences and Humanities, Climate Change, Global Health, Engineering, and Physics, among other fields. This collaboration has facilitated our authors in publishing their research as open access.</p> <a href="/news/new-open-access-books-from-the-knowledge-unlatched-select-programme-2024-20240819" class="item-data__link" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>Learn More</a></div></div></div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><div class="item" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/rising-stars.jpg" class="item-img" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf> <div class="item-data" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><p class="item-data__date" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>18 July 2024</p> <p class="item-data__title" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>IntechOpen Presents Interviews for Young Scientists with Science's Leading Minds</p> <p class="item-data__text" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>We are pleased to present a series of inspirational interviews for young researchers with some of todays leading scientists, ranging from a Nobel laureate to pioneers and innovators in various fields, including pharmacogenomics, pharmaceutical leadership, and academia.</p> <a href="/news/intechopen-presents-interviews-for-young-scientists-with-science-s-leading-minds-20240708" class="item-data__link" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>Learn More</a></div></div></div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><div class="item" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/book-aid.jpg" class="item-img" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf> <div class="item-data" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><p class="item-data__date" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>23 April 2024</p> <p class="item-data__title" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>IntechOpen Continues Partnership With Book Aid International, Making Books Available to Education-Disrupted Countries in Africa and Beyond</p> <p class="item-data__text" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>IntechOpen is proud to continue its partnership with Book Aid International and announce its latest book donation. This is our second contribution to the UK's leading book donation and library support charity that envisions a world where everyone can access books to enrich, improve and change their lives.</p> <a href="/news/intechopen-continues-partnership-with-book-aid-international-making-books-available-to-education-disrupted-countries-in-africa-and-beyond-20240423" class="item-data__link" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>Learn More</a></div></div></div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><div class="item" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/intech-zendy.jpg" class="item-img" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf> <div class="item-data" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><p class="item-data__date" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>12 December 2023</p> <p class="item-data__title" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>IntechOpen and Zendy Joint Webinar on Equitable Access to Research for Sustainable Development</p> <p class="item-data__text" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>The webinar offers an opportunity to hear about a hands-on case study in the field of emerging technologies in energy engineering and sustainability, with a specific focus on the goals behind that research.</p> <a href="/webinars-2023" class="item-data__link" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>Watch the recording</a></div></div></div><div class="swiper-slide" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><div class="item" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/sdg-hub/charleston-conference.jpg" class="item-img" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf> <div class="item-data" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf><p class="item-data__date" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>20 November 2023</p> <p class="item-data__title" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>IntechOpen at the Charleston Conference 2023</p> <p class="item-data__text" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>During the virtual conference week, IntechOpen is participating alongside experts from Digital Science, Nuremberg University, and the Open Syllabus Project in a round table titled "A Fresh Look at Open Access Book Publishing Post-Pandemic in an SDG-Focused World."</p> <a href="/news/intechopen-at-the-charleston-conference-2023-20231120" class="item-data__link" data-v-350a9a21 data-v-2ba06fbf>Learn more</a></div></div></div> </div></div> <div class="news-slider__pagination" data-v-32859338 data-v-2ba06fbf><div id="pagination-highlights" class="pages" data-v-32859338 data-v-2ba06fbf></div> <div class="controlls" data-v-32859338 data-v-2ba06fbf><button class="nav-btn" style="background-image:url('//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/series/icons/ic-arrow-left-ivory.svg');" data-v-32859338 data-v-2ba06fbf></button> <button class="nav-btn" style="background-image:url('//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/46.042/series/icons/arrow_right-ivory.svg');" data-v-32859338 data-v-2ba06fbf></button></div></div></div></div></div></div> 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C. Taquini” at the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) and the National Research Council for Science and Technology (CONICET), Argentina. His thesis about the effects of isoproterenol on myocardium was published in Am Heart J in 1976 and has been extensively cited as well as his investigations in the ’80 in NIH, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, USA under the guidance of his mentor, Victor Ferrans. Member of the Argentine Society of Cardiology from 1975, has developed an extensive societary activity. Professor Milei is Chairman of the Module of Cardiology and Hypertension at the Argentine Medical Association devoted to South American general practitioners´ training. His research on Chagas’ cardiomyopathy substantially contributed to the knowledge of its pathophysiology and his work on early atherosclerotic lesions helped set up the basis for the importance of intimal thickenings in plaque genesis. He has authored over 140 papers in peer review journals, 4 books and over 10 invited chapters in books of cardiology. He is scientific advisor to University of Buenos Aires and Director of the Doctoral Department of the Northwest University in Argentina. 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Kishan","slug":"h.-kishan"},{"id":"143941","title":"Dr.","name":"Ranjan","middleName":null,"surname":"Kumar","fullName":"Ranjan Kumar","slug":"ranjan-kumar"}]},{"id":"30952","title":"Morphological and Photovoltaic Studies of TiO2 NTs for High Efficiency Solar Cells","slug":"morphological-and-photovoltaic-studies-of-tio2-nanotubes-for-high-efficiency-solar-cells","signatures":"Mukul Dubey and Hongshan He","authors":[{"id":"107873","title":"Prof.","name":"Hongshan","middleName":null,"surname":"He","fullName":"Hongshan He","slug":"hongshan-he"},{"id":"107874","title":"Mr.","name":"Mukul","middleName":null,"surname":"Dubey","fullName":"Mukul Dubey","slug":"mukul-dubey"}]},{"id":"30953","title":"Synthesis and Characterisation of Silica\u002FPolyamide-Imide Composite Film for Enamel Wire","slug":"synthesis-and-characterization-of-spherical-silica-polyamide-imide-composite-film-for-enamel-wire","signatures":"Xiaokun Ma and Sun-Jae Kim","authors":[{"id":"105601","title":"Prof.","name":"Sun-Jae","middleName":null,"surname":"Kim","fullName":"Sun-Jae Kim","slug":"sun-jae-kim"},{"id":"107938","title":"Dr.","name":"Xiaokun","middleName":null,"surname":"Ma","fullName":"Xiaokun Ma","slug":"xiaokun-ma"}]},{"id":"30954","title":"Scanning Electron Microscope for Characterising of Micro- and Nanostructured Titanium Surfaces","slug":"scanning-electron-microscope-for-characterising-of-micro-and-nanostructured-titanium-surfaces-","signatures":"Areeya Aeimbhu","authors":[{"id":"99729","title":"Dr.","name":"Areeya","middleName":null,"surname":"Aeimbhu","fullName":"Areeya Aeimbhu","slug":"areeya-aeimbhu"}]},{"id":"30955","title":"Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy for the Morphological Study of Biofilm in Medical Devices","slug":"application-of-scanning-electron-microscopy-for-the-morphological-study-of-biofilm-in-medical-device","signatures":"R. M. Abd El-Baky","authors":[{"id":"103658","title":"Dr.","name":"Rehab Mahmoud","middleName":null,"surname":"Abd El-Baky","fullName":"Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky","slug":"rehab-mahmoud-abd-el-baky"}]},{"id":"30956","title":"Interrelated Analysis of Performance and Fouling Behaviors in Forward Osmosis by Ex-Situ Membrane Characterizations","slug":"interrelated-analysis-of-performance-and-fouling-behaviors-in-forward-osmosis-by-ex-situ-membrane-ch","signatures":"Coskun Aydiner, Semra Topcu, Caner Tortop, Ferihan Kuvvet, Didem Ekinci, Nadir Dizge and Bulent Keskinler","authors":[{"id":"109299","title":"Associate Prof.","name":"Coskun","middleName":null,"surname":"Aydiner","fullName":"Coskun Aydiner","slug":"coskun-aydiner"},{"id":"358036","title":"Dr.","name":"Semra","middleName":null,"surname":"Topcu","fullName":"Semra Topcu","slug":"semra-topcu"},{"id":"358037","title":"Dr.","name":"Caner","middleName":null,"surname":"Tortop","fullName":"Caner Tortop","slug":"caner-tortop"},{"id":"358038","title":"Dr.","name":"Ferihan","middleName":null,"surname":"Kuvvet","fullName":"Ferihan Kuvvet","slug":"ferihan-kuvvet"},{"id":"358039","title":"Dr.","name":"Didem","middleName":null,"surname":"Ekinci","fullName":"Didem Ekinci","slug":"didem-ekinci"},{"id":"358040","title":"Dr.","name":"Nadir","middleName":null,"surname":"Dizge","fullName":"Nadir Dizge","slug":"nadir-dizge"},{"id":"358041","title":"Dr.","name":"Bulent","middleName":null,"surname":"Keskinler","fullName":"Bulent Keskinler","slug":"bulent-keskinler"}]},{"id":"30957","title":"Biodegradation of Pre-Aged Modified Polyethylene Films","slug":"biodegradation-of-pre-aged-modified-polyethylene-films","signatures":"Bożena Nowak, Jolanta Pająk and Jagna Karcz","authors":[{"id":"103087","title":"Dr.","name":"Bożena","middleName":"Danuta","surname":"Nowak","fullName":"Bożena Nowak","slug":"bozena-nowak"},{"id":"108409","title":"Dr.","name":"Jolanta","middleName":null,"surname":"Pająk","fullName":"Jolanta Pająk","slug":"jolanta-pajak"},{"id":"108412","title":"Dr.","name":"Jagna","middleName":null,"surname":"Karcz","fullName":"Jagna Karcz","slug":"jagna-karcz"}]},{"id":"30958","title":"Surface Analysis Studies on Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Using Scanning Electron Microscope and Atomic Force Microscope","slug":"surface-analysis-studies-on-polymer-electrolyte-membranes-using-scanning-electron-microscope-and-ato","signatures":"M. Ulaganathan, R. Nithya and S. Rajendran","authors":[{"id":"102326","title":"Dr.","name":"M","middleName":null,"surname":"Ulaganathan","fullName":"M Ulaganathan","slug":"m-ulaganathan"},{"id":"102329","title":"Prof.","name":"S","middleName":null,"surname":"Rajendran","fullName":"S Rajendran","slug":"s-rajendran"},{"id":"358042","title":"Dr.","name":"R.","middleName":null,"surname":"Nithya","fullName":"R. Nithya","slug":"r.-nithya"}]},{"id":"30959","title":"Characterization of Ceramic Materials Synthesized by Mechanosynthesis for Energy Applications","slug":"characterization-of-ceramic-materials-synthesized-by-mechanosynthesis-for-energy-applications","signatures":"Claudia A. Cortés-Escobedo, Félix Sánchez-De Jesús, Gabriel Torres-Villaseñor, Juan Muñoz-Saldaña and Ana M. Bolarín-Miró","authors":[{"id":"39070","title":"Dr.","name":"Ana Maria","middleName":null,"surname":"Bolarin-Miro","fullName":"Ana Maria Bolarin-Miro","slug":"ana-maria-bolarin-miro"},{"id":"106669","title":"Dr.","name":"Claudia Alicia","middleName":null,"surname":"Cortés-Escobedo","fullName":"Claudia Alicia Cortés-Escobedo","slug":"claudia-alicia-cortes-escobedo"},{"id":"107412","title":"Dr.","name":"Juan","middleName":null,"surname":"Munoz-Saldana","fullName":"Juan Munoz-Saldana","slug":"juan-munoz-saldana"},{"id":"107419","title":"Dr.","name":"Felix","middleName":null,"surname":"Sanchez-De Jesus","fullName":"Felix Sanchez-De Jesus","slug":"felix-sanchez-de-jesus"},{"id":"124602","title":"Prof.","name":"Gabriel","middleName":null,"surname":"Torres-Villasenor","fullName":"Gabriel Torres-Villasenor","slug":"gabriel-torres-villasenor"}]},{"id":"30960","title":"Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Environmental SEM: Suitable Tools for Study of Adhesion Stage and Biofilm Formation","slug":"scanning-electron-microscopy-sem-and-environnmental-sem-suitable-tools-for-study-of-adhesion-stage-a","signatures":"Soumya El Abed, Saad Koraichi Ibnsouda, Hassan Latrache and Fatima Hamadi","authors":[{"id":"102518","title":"Dr.","name":"Soumya","middleName":null,"surname":"El Abed","fullName":"Soumya El Abed","slug":"soumya-el-abed"},{"id":"135701","title":"Prof.","name":"Saad","middleName":null,"surname":"Koraichi Ibnsouda","fullName":"Saad Koraichi Ibnsouda","slug":"saad-koraichi-ibnsouda"},{"id":"135703","title":"Prof.","name":"Latrache","middleName":null,"surname":"Hassan","fullName":"Latrache Hassan","slug":"latrache-hassan"},{"id":"135704","title":"Prof.","name":"Hamadi","middleName":null,"surname":"Fatima","fullName":"Hamadi Fatima","slug":"hamadi-fatima"},{"id":"358043","title":"Dr.","name":"Kurosh","middleName":null,"surname":"Madani","fullName":"Kurosh Madani","slug":"kurosh-madani"}]},{"id":"30961","title":"Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Nanocomposites","slug":"scanning-electron-microscopy-study-of-fiber-reinforced-polymeric-nanocomposites","signatures":"Mohammad Kamal Hossain","authors":[{"id":"104713","title":"Dr.","name":"Mohammad","middleName":null,"surname":"Hossain","fullName":"Mohammad Hossain","slug":"mohammad-hossain"}]},{"id":"30962","title":"Preparation and Characterization of Dielectric Thin Films by RF Magnetron-Sputtering with (Ba0.3Sr0.7)(Zn1\u002F3Nb2\u002F3)O3 Ceramic Target","slug":"preparation-and-characterization-of-dielectric-thin-films-by-rf-magnetron-sputtering-with-ba0-3sr0-7","signatures":"Feng Shi","authors":[{"id":"24821","title":"Dr.","name":"Feng","middleName":null,"surname":"Shi","fullName":"Feng Shi","slug":"feng-shi"}]},{"id":"30963","title":"Microstructural and Mineralogical Characterization of Clay Stabilized Using Calcium-Based Stabilizers","slug":"microstructural-and-mineralogical-characterization-of-clay-stabilized-using-calcium-based-stabilizer","signatures":"Pranshoo Solanki and Musharraf Zaman","authors":[{"id":"20942","title":"Prof.","name":"Pranshoo","middleName":null,"surname":"Solanki","fullName":"Pranshoo Solanki","slug":"pranshoo-solanki"},{"id":"20945","title":"Prof.","name":"Musharraf","middleName":null,"surname":"Zaman","fullName":"Musharraf Zaman","slug":"musharraf-zaman"}]},{"id":"30964","title":"The Use of ESEM in Geobiology","slug":"the-use-of-esem-in-geobiology","signatures":"Magnus Ivarsson and Sara Holmström","authors":[{"id":"109413","title":"Dr.","name":"Magnus","middleName":null,"surname":"Ivarsson","fullName":"Magnus Ivarsson","slug":"magnus-ivarsson"},{"id":"135734","title":"Dr.","name":"Sara","middleName":null,"surname":"Holmström","fullName":"Sara Holmström","slug":"sara-holmstrom"}]},{"id":"30965","title":"How Log Interpreter Uses SEM Data for Clay Volume Calculation","slug":"how-log-interpreter-uses-sem-data-to-estimate-a-reservoir-clay-volume-","signatures":"Mohammadhossein Mohammadlou and Mai Britt Mørk","authors":[{"id":"103154","title":"PhD.","name":"Mohammadhossein","middleName":null,"surname":"Mohammadlou","fullName":"Mohammadhossein Mohammadlou","slug":"mohammadhossein-mohammadlou"},{"id":"358044","title":"Dr.","name":"Mai Britt","middleName":null,"surname":"Mørk","fullName":"Mai Britt Mørk","slug":"mai-britt-mork"}]}]}],"publishedBooks":[],"publishedBooksByAuthor":[]},"onlineFirst":{"chapter":{"type":"chapter","id":"1188614","title":"Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in Lupus Nephritis","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.1007408","slug":null,"body":"\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_1\" data-lvl=\"1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"heading main-title\"\u003E1. Introduction\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p2\"\u003ESystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype of systemic autoimmune disease with alternating periods of remission and flares [\u003Ca href=\"#B1\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Approximately 33–50% of SLE patients develop organ involvement within 5 years of diagnosis [\u003Ca href=\"#B2\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. The incidence and prevalence of SLE and LN differ based on the specific population under investigation and the diagnostic criteria employed to identify SLE and LN [\u003Ca href=\"#B2\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B3\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of SLE’s most common and severe complications [\u003Ca href=\"#B3\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Glomerulonephritis is the most prevalent type of LN. LN can progress to end-stage renal disease [\u003Ca href=\"#B3\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. LN was linked to higher rates of illness and death, while SLE patients who did not develop LN had favorable overall outcomes in terms of survival [\u003Ca href=\"#B3\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Our understanding of the genetic and pathogenetic bases for LN has significantly advanced in recent decades [\u003Ca href=\"#B3\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B4\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E4\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. It is crucial to consider key risk factors to effectively assess and address progressive kidney disease. These include clinical parameters (proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate, complement levels, anti-dsDNA titer, and presence of antiphospholipid antibodies), kidney biopsy classification, and adherence to therapy [\u003Ca href=\"#B4\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E4\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p3\"\u003ECurrent treatments do not meet all needs in the management of LN and are not uniformly effective; they also carry significant risks and side effects, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic approaches [\u003Ca href=\"#B4\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E4\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. While glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents such cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurin inhibitors, and B-cell depletion therapy, remain the standard of care for LN, non-immunosuppressive therapies, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, have always been part of the therapeutic arsenal of LN.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p4\"\u003EThe concept of clinical response lacks unanimity, and there is an urgent need for uniform protocols to establish therapy response. A comprehensive response is typically achieved when the spot urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio is below 500 mg\u002Fg, the serum creatinine level reverts to the previous baseline or becomes normal, and there are less than five red blood cells per high-power field and no red blood cell casts in the urinary sediment. A partial response is achieved when the amount of protein in the urine decreases by more than 50% to a level that is below the threshold for kidney damage. This is indicated by a spot urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio of less than 3 g\u002Fg. Additionally, the serum creatinine level should be 15–25% higher or lower than the initial level. The number of red blood cells per high-power field should be less than 50% of the initial count, and there should be no red blood cell casts in the urine sediment [\u003Ca href=\"#B3\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Despite, all the advancements in the LN treatment, LN remains a substantial cause of morbidity and death among patients with SLE, and achieving clinical remission is not always possible.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p5\"\u003ECardiovascular complications are also common and a leading cause of death in patients with SLE and LN. Patients with LN have multiple risk factors for cardiovascular complications, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and vascular inflammation [\u003Ca href=\"#B5\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E5\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p6\"\u003EEmerging evidence suggests that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), a class of drugs primarily used to manage type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure, may hold promise for treating lupus nephritis. These agents block reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion and improved glycemic control [\u003Ca href=\"#B6\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E6\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Beyond their effects on blood sugar, SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and renoprotective properties that may be beneficial in autoimmune kidney diseases such as LN [\u003Ca href=\"#B7\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E7\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. The unique renal and cardiac protective effects of SGLT2is in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) offer an attractive opportunity for SLE\u002FLN management.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_2\" data-lvl=\"1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"heading main-title\"\u003E2. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p7\"\u003ESodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGTL2) belongs to a large family of membrane proteins located in the intestinal tract and proximal tubule, and is responsible for the transport of glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and some ions across the membrane of the epithelial intestine and proximal tubule in the kidneys. SGLT1 is predominantly found in the gastrointestinal tract, while SGLT2 is a renal protein, primarily expressed in the proximal tubule and accounts for 80–90% of glucose reabsorption, with the remaining 10–20% reabsorbed by SGLT1 [\u003Ca href=\"#B8\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. SGLT-2 proteins have the physiological function of reabsorbing filtered glucose from the tubular lumen. Upon the discovery of the SGLT proteins, scientists found that phlorizin, an SGLT inhibitor, had been extensively researched for more than 150 years. However, it was only in recent decades that scientists uncovered its precise mechanism of action [\u003Ca href=\"#B7\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E7\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Phlorizin is derived from the root bark of the apple tree. In 1933, a limited number of individuals had a brief trial of the substance, during which scientists observed its ability to raise glucose levels in urine, decrease blood glucose levels, and inhibit the reabsorption of glucose. Its effect extended beyond the kidney. Due to its ability to impede glucose absorption in the intestine, limited oral absorption, and interference with glucose transport zones, it was considered inappropriate for human usage [\u003Ca href=\"#B7\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E7\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. However, research on phlorizin played a crucial role in comprehending the functioning of sodium-glucose transporters, and scientists hypothesized that it might interfere with the activity of SGLTs. In 1995, researchers discovered that phlorizin effectively blocked the activity of both SGLT1 and SGLT2 [\u003Ca href=\"#B7\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E7\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Phlorizin’s negative effects can be attributed to the presence of SGLT1 in several tissues and its crucial function in glucose absorption in the intestine. As scientists gained additional knowledge about phlorizin and SGLTs, they became intrigued by the potential of employing phlorizin as a basis for developing a diabetes treatment. Subsequent research efforts in the following decades were dedicated to enhancing the efficacy, selectivity, and duration of action of phlorizin derivatives targeted at SGLT2. This study led to the identification and evaluation of enhanced SGLT2 inhibitors [\u003Ca href=\"#B7\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E7\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p8\"\u003ECurrently, four classes of SGLT-2i exist (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin), which reduce the reabsorption of filtered glucose, decrease the renal threshold for glucose, and promote urinary glucose excretion [\u003Ca href=\"#B9\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E9\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_3\" data-lvl=\"1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"heading main-title\"\u003E3. The revolution of SGLT-2i\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p9\"\u003ECanagliflozin was the first SGLT-2 inhibitor approved on March 29, 2013, to be used in adult patients with type 2 diabetes to enhance blood glucose control in addition to diet and exercise [\u003Ca href=\"#B7\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E7\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. These insulin-independent antihyperglycemic medications are now known to be pleiotropic agents with significant metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal benefits [\u003Ca href=\"#B9\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E9\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p10\"\u003EIn addition to lowering glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels, body weight, and blood pressure, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the risk of a range of cardiovascular and renal outcomes, without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia [\u003Ca href=\"#B7\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E7\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p11\"\u003ELarge clinical trials in patients with T2D with established cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors, heart failure, and CKD have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors confer cardiovascular and kidney protection [\u003Ca href=\"#B8\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. In May of 2023, the FDA expanded the indication of dapagliflozin to include heart failure across the entire spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction. This includes heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) [\u003Ca href=\"#B8\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p12\"\u003EFour cardiovascular outcome trials showed that SGLT-2is has important effects on slowing the decline rate of the estimated glomerular filtration rate and decreasing albuminuria, in addition to a significant reduction in cardiovascular events. The nephroprotective efficacy of SGLT2is was extended to non-diabetic chronic kidney diseases such as IgA nephropathy [\u003Ca href=\"#B10\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E10\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Nephropathy reduces renal workload, thereby reducing intraglomerular pressure and regulating blood pressure [\u003Ca href=\"#B9\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E9\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B10\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E10\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. This has solved the management difficulties in patients with CKD and congestive heart failure [\u003Ca href=\"#B10\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E10\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p13\"\u003ESGLT2is are also used in Off-label indications such as the management of obesity in combination with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as adjunctive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD [\u003Ca href=\"#B7\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E7\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B8\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p14\"\u003EIn addition to its pleiotropic effects, SGLT-2is has been reported to be able to block lipopolysaccharide-induced and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-mediated inflammatory responses and regulate macrophage polarization via interplay with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways [\u003Ca href=\"#B10\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E10\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B11\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E11\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]; hence, the promising effect of SGLT-2is to reducing inflammation, modulate endothelial dysfunction, and decelerate atherosclerosis, which are all impaired in the pathophysiology of SLE. Some recent studies with a small effective have found an antiproteinuric effect of empagliflozin in patients with LN [\u003Ca href=\"#B11\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E11\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_4\" data-lvl=\"1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"heading main-title\"\u003E4. Mechanistic effects of SGTL-2i\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_4_2\" data-lvl=\"2\"\u003E\u003Ch3 class=\"heading section-title\"\u003E4.1 Renal effects\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p15\"\u003EThe effects of SGTL-2i on glomerular hemodynamic pathways have been analyzed in numerous studies, either in experimental models or in patients. SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated a reduction in hyperfiltration by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and have also shown an afferent renal arterial vasoconstriction and vasodilation of the renal efferent arteriole, similar to how angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers work [\u003Ca href=\"#B8\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E], in addition to a decrease in intraglomerular pressure by restoring distal sodium delivery and therefore normalizing tubuloglomerular feedback [\u003Ca href=\"#B8\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B12\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E12\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B13\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p16\"\u003EUnder hyperglycemic conditions, increased SGLT2 expression increases sodium and glucose reabsorption, which increases ATP-dependent tubular workload and oxygen consumption, both of which can result in hypoxia. As SGLT-2i reduces tubular workload, oxygen consumption, and hypoxia by reducing glucose and sodium reabsorption, they may also reduce the risk of acute kidney injury events and proximal biomarkers of acute kidney injury, such as kidney injury molecule-1 [\u003Ca href=\"#B8\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Interestingly, clinical studies have confirmed that EPO expression increases following SGLT2 inhibition [\u003Ca href=\"#B14\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E14\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B15\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E15\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Therefore, it was not surprising to see that the risk of anemia, which was an independent predictor of renal and cardiovascular outcomes, and the start of anemia treatment were significantly reduced with canagliflozin in a sizable multi-national kidney outcome trial [\u003Ca href=\"#B16\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E16\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_5_2\" data-lvl=\"2\"\u003E\u003Ch3 class=\"heading section-title\"\u003E4.2 Effects on blood pressure\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p17\"\u003EThe systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced by approximately 4 and 2 mmHg, respectively, by SGLT-2i. It is likely that SGLT-2i lowers blood pressure through different contributing variables [\u003Ca href=\"#B8\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Increased natriuresis and osmotic diuresis in conjunction with decreases in extracellular volume and plasma volume are believed to be responsible for SGLT-2i’s ability to control blood pressure, and according to human clinical trials, SGLT-2i has a positive impact on blood pressure variability, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness [\u003Ca href=\"#B8\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B13\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B17\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E17\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. These results suggest that sympathoinhibition may be a modulator of the beneficial effects of SGLT-2i on the kidneys and perhaps the cardiovascular system [\u003Ca href=\"#B8\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_6_2\" data-lvl=\"2\"\u003E\u003Ch3 class=\"heading section-title\"\u003E4.3 Effects in non-diabetic patients\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p18\"\u003EIn patients with CKD, the DAPA-CKD trial demonstrated a decreased risk of kidney failure, hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes, and all-cause mortality, with statistically significant effects in reducing the risk of kidney failure both in the subgroup of patients with and without type 2 diabetes [\u003Ca href=\"#B17\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E17\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Furthermore, the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials showed that SGLT-2i lowered the risk of heart failure hospitalizations or cardiovascular death and slowed the progression of kidney function decline in patients with heart failure. They reduced the ejection fraction, both with and without type 2 diabetes [\u003Ca href=\"#B18\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E18\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B19\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E19\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. These three clinical trials showed that SGLT-2i has positive effects in patients with type 2 diabetes. If used in clinical practice, it can revolutionize the management of a wide spectrum of high-risk CKD patients [\u003Ca href=\"#B8\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_7_2\" data-lvl=\"2\"\u003E\u003Ch3 class=\"heading section-title\"\u003E4.4 Immunological effects\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p19\"\u003EUnexpectedly, SGLT2i therapy also has immunological effects that go beyond metabolic effects. Through the induction of regulatory T-cell production, they have a significant effect on the development of germinal centers and creation of autoreactive plasma cells in the spleen [\u003Ca href=\"#B17\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E17\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p20\"\u003EIt appears that SGLT-2i inhibits both podocyte and macrophage mTOR activation [\u003Ca href=\"#B18\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E18\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B19\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E19\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. The significance of mTOR blocking in patients with SLE is highlighted by the well-established roles that mTOR plays in proinflammatory lineage formation [\u003Ca href=\"#B20\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E20\u003C\u002Fa\u003E], podocyte and endothelial cell dysfunction [\u003Ca href=\"#B21\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E21\u003C\u002Fa\u003E], and adaptive immune system activation [\u003Ca href=\"#B22\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E22\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. In addition to their protective effects on the kidneys and heart, SGLT-2i may function as an adjuvant immunomodulatory therapy for SLE, partly through mTOR inhibition [\u003Ca href=\"#B10\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E10\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p21\"\u003EHigher ketone body concentrations decrease monocyte production of interleukin-1b and inhibit the Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome [\u003Ca href=\"#B23\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E23\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B24\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E24\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. These inflammatory mediators are significant inflammatory pathways that may have a major impact on the onset and course of renal disease [\u003Ca href=\"#B25\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E25\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Some clinical trials with SGLT-2i in patients with type 2 diabetes have revealed important effects on inflammatory mediators, including decreases in urine IL-6 and MCP-1, as well as serum tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and IL-6 [\u003Ca href=\"#B8\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B17\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E17\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p22\"\u003EFinally, SGLT2is can inhibit apoptosis and the production of reactive oxygen species and attenuates glomerular atrophy, kidney fibrosis, and kidney dysfunction [\u003Ca href=\"#B18\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E18\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B19\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E19\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_9\" data-lvl=\"1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"heading main-title\"\u003E5. Proof of concept\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p23\"\u003EA study conducted in 2023 confirmed the renoprotective effect of SGLT2 inhibitors in lupus mice, underscoring the role of non-immunosuppressive treatment in improving renal function in classic autoimmune kidney diseases, such as LN [\u003Ca href=\"#B20\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E20\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. The levels of mouse anti-dsDNA IgG-specific antibodies, serum creatinine, and proteinuria markedly decreased. From a histological perspective, glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage was reduced by empagliflozin administration [\u003Ca href=\"#B20\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E20\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p24\"\u003EAn observational international cohort study found that the use of SGLT2i in the management of glomerular\u002Fsystemic autoimmune diseases with proteinuria was associated with a significant reduction in proteinuria, irrespective of the underlying disease [\u003Ca href=\"#B21\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E21\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. An SGLT2i (empagliflozin) add-on to sustained immunosuppressive treatment showed a promising reduction in proteinuria (~50% reduction within 8 weeks) in a small case series of five active individuals with LN [\u003Ca href=\"#B10\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E10\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p25\"\u003EAnother small study (n = 9) showed significantly reduced proteinuria in patients with lupus nephritis [\u003Ca href=\"#B20\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E20\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p26\"\u003EIn a recent cohort study of a total of 31,790 patients, the propensity matched 1775 matched pairs of SGLT2i users and nonusers (N = 3550), the patients had a mean age of 57 years, with 85% of them being women. This study showed that SGLT2i use was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident lupus nephritis (AHR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.40–0.77), dialysis (AHR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.40–0.77), kidney transplant (AHR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03–0.62), heart failure (AHR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53–0.78), and all-cause mortality (AHR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.26–0.47) than SGLT2i non-use in patients with SLE and type 2 diabetes [\u003Ca href=\"#B22\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E22\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Since individuals with systemic lupus face a greater risk of developing cardiovascular illness as a result of systemic inflammation, it seems that SGLT2i could potentially provide the additional advantage of decreasing the risk of heart failure in this particular group of patients [\u003Ca href=\"#B22\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E22\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. The use of SGLT2 inhibitors in systemic lupus erythematosus provides both kidney-protective and heart-protective advantages.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p27\"\u003EConsidering this evidence, SGLT2i have been recommended as a treatment adjuvant for LN in the recent KDIGO recommendations for LN management published in 2024 [\u003Ca href=\"#B23\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E23\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_10\" data-lvl=\"1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"heading main-title\"\u003E6. Overrated expectations?\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p28\"\u003EIn a trial, 38 patients with LN were treated with dapagliflozin add-on therapy, and the safety profile as a primary endpoint was acceptable; however, the secondary endpoints revealed no improvement in SLE Disease Activity Index scores or proteinuria (among 17 patients with LN) [\u003Ca href=\"#B10\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E10\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. The authors proposed two major explanations. First, <50% of the patients with LN were on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, which has been postulated to be required for SGLT2is to enhance their action. Another possible reason might be attributed to the fact that the participants had a relatively long LN duration and were resistant to several immunosuppressants in the past [\u003Ca href=\"#B10\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E10\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_11\" data-lvl=\"1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"heading main-title\"\u003E7. Concerns of using SGTL2i in LN\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_11_2\" data-lvl=\"2\"\u003E\u003Ch3 class=\"heading section-title\"\u003E7.1 Increased risk for infections in lupus\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p29\"\u003EUrinary tract infections are a typical side effect of SGLT2is because they increase glucose availability in the urinary tract [\u003Ca href=\"#B22\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E22\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Urinary tract infections are a concern for SLE patients because they are prone to various infections. Nonetheless, only one patient (2.63%) experienced urinary tract infections in a trial, which was not higher than that in non-SLE large-scale clinical trials [\u003Ca href=\"#B10\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E10\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p30\"\u003EAs SGLT-2 inhibitors also increase the risk of genital mycotic infections, both male and female patients with a history of these illnesses should be closely monitored [\u003Ca href=\"#B23\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E23\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p31\"\u003ETherefore, patients undergoing SGLT-2i therapy should be closely monitored for clinical features of urinary tract infections, such as dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, and suprapubic discomfort. If present, urinalysis should be performed to rule out infections [\u003Ca href=\"#B24\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E24\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_12_2\" data-lvl=\"2\"\u003E\u003Ch3 class=\"heading section-title\"\u003E7.2 Vascular problems\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p32\"\u003EBefore initiating canagliflozin and ertugliflozin, patients should be screened for risk factors for lower limb amputations, such as peripheral vascular disease, history of amputations, and neuropathy, especially in patients with SLE, and should be routinely monitored for infections or ulcer formations of the lower extremities, as non-traumatic lower limb amputations have been reported [\u003Ca href=\"#B25\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E25\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_13_2\" data-lvl=\"2\"\u003E\u003Ch3 class=\"heading section-title\"\u003E7.3 Osteoporosis\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p33\"\u003ESGLT2 inhibitors are associated with increased incidence of bone fractures. Increased fracture risk has been observed with canagliflozin, occurring 12 weeks after treatment initiation [\u003Ca href=\"#B26\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E26\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Potential mechanisms for fracture include volume contraction leading to dizziness and falls, and possible effects on calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D homeostasis, leading to a reduction in bone mineral density [\u003Ca href=\"#B27\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E27\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. This risk can increase in patients with SLE treated with corticosteroids.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_15\" data-lvl=\"1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"heading main-title\"\u003E8. Conclusion\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p34\"\u003ECurrently, there is little data supporting the use of iSGLT-2 in lupus nephritis; the studies were small observational series and case studies with positive effects on renal and cardiovascular protection. Further randomized experiments are required to confirm these encouraging results. On SGTL-2i, this specific patient group should be regularly monitored for osteoporosis and the risk of genital and urinary infections.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_16\" data-lvl=\"1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"heading main-title\"\u003EAcknowledgments\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p35\"\u003EAll authors acknowledge Dr. Amine Azzaz for his assistance in providing us with articles published about sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in Lupus nephritis.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_19\" data-lvl=\"1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"heading main-title\"\u003EConflict of interest\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p36\"\u003EThe authors declare no conflict of interest.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_16\" data-lvl=\"1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"heading main-title\"\u003ENotes\u002Fthanks\u002Fother declarations\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p37\"\u003ENo declarations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n","keywords":"SGTL2 inhibitors,lupus,lupus nephritis,treatment,proteinuria","chapterPDFUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa043Y00000zXAzJQAW\u002Fa09Tc000000YzFZIA0\u002FFinal-SodiumGlucose%20Cotransporter%202%20Inhibitors%20SGLT2i%20%282025-01-29%2011%3A24%3A09%29.pdf","chapterXML":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa043Y00000zXAzJQAW\u002Fa09Tc000000YzFZIA0\u002FFinal%20%28xml%29-SodiumGlucose%20Cotransporter%202%20Inhibitors%20SGLT2i%20%282025-01-29%2012%3A01%3A10%29.xml","webChapterXML":"s3:\u002F\u002Fintech-chapter-xmls\u002Fxmls-chapter\u002F1188614\u002F1738132274-692005391\u002F","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F1188614","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F1188614","cdnMediaBaseUrl":"s3:\u002F\u002Fintech-cdn\u002Fmedia\u002Fchapter\u002F1188614\u002F1740551024-271816861\u002F","totalDownloads":38,"totalViews":83,"totalCrossrefCites":0,"totalDimensionsCites":0,"dateSubmitted":"July 17th 2024","dateReviewed":"September 19th 2024","datePrePublished":"November 21st 2024","datePublished":"February 26th 2025","dateFinished":null,"readingETA":"0","abstract":"\u003Cp id=\"p1\"\u003ESodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have revolutionized the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Their application was expanded to include other disorders, such as cardiovascular disease. Lupus nephritis is a significant complication of systemic lupus. Within the first 3 years of the disease, one-third of patients develop lupus nephritis. It is recognized as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Lupus nephritis therapy has improved with the use of corticosteroids, immunosuppressants such cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurin inhibitors, and rituximab over the years. However, existing medications do not address all needs in the management of Lupus nephritis (LN) and are not always effective. According to new research, SGLT-2i may have potential for treating lupus nephritis due to their pleiotropic effects (anti-inflammatory, immunological, and hemodynamic implications). Recent trials using SGLT-2i in animals and humans have yielded encouraging outcomes in lupus nephritis. This review will explore the role of SGLT-2i in the management of lupus nephritis in addition to immunosuppressive medication.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","reviewType":"peer-reviewed","bibtexUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fbibtex\u002F1188614","risUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fris\u002F1188614","signatures":"Abire Allaoui, Rita Aniq Filali, Amine Khalfaoui and Abdelhamid Naitlho","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"isDeactivated2":0,"noAds":0,"deactCorrection":null,"subseries":null,"book":{"id":"1003252","type":"book","title":"Lupus","subtitle":"Diagnostics and Developments","fullTitle":"Lupus - Diagnostics and Developments","slug":null,"isPublished":true,"publishedDate":"February 26th 2025","bookSignature":"Rizwan Ahmad","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa043Y00000zXAzJQAW\u002F0015156_TrikoderCover%20%282023-02-27%2007%3A04%3A12%29.jpg","cdnCoverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fbooks\u002F1003252\u002F1713449578-73627675\u002Fcover.jpg","cdnCoverURL300":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fbooks\u002F1003252\u002F1713449578-73627675\u002Fcover-300.jpg","cdnWebCoverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fbooks\u002F1003252\u002F1740551989-2090792606\u002Fweb-cover.jpg","cdnWebCoverURL300":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fbooks\u002F1003252\u002F1740551989-2090792606\u002Fweb-cover-300.jpg","cdnCoverWithTextURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fbooks\u002F1003252\u002F1741266334-390586769\u002Fcover-text.jpg","cdnCoverWithTextURL300":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fbooks\u002F1003252\u002F1741266334-390586769\u002Fcover-text-300.jpg","licenceType":"CC BY 3.0","editedByType":null,"isbn":"978-0-85466-817-5","printIsbn":"978-0-85466-818-2","pdfIsbn":"978-0-85466-819-9","isAvailableForWebshopOrdering":true,"isDeactivated":false,"kuFlag":false,"noAdsSub":0,"editors":[{"id":"40482","title":"Dr.","name":"Rizwan","middleName":null,"surname":"Ahmad","slug":"rizwan-ahmad","fullName":"Rizwan Ahmad"}],"productType":{"id":"1","title":"Edited Volume","chapterContentType":"chapter","authoredCaption":"Edited by"}},"authors":[{"id":"440331","title":"Assistant Prof.","name":"Abire","middleName":null,"surname":"Allaoui","fullName":"Abire Allaoui","slug":"abire-allaoui","email":"abire.allaoui@gmail.com","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fweb\u002Ffrontend\u002Fwww\u002Fassets\u002F46.042\u002Fauthor.svg","institution":null},{"id":"586585","title":"M.D.","name":"Rita Aniq","middleName":null,"surname":"Filali","fullName":"Rita Aniq Filali","slug":"rita-aniq-filali","email":"rita.filali.7@gmail.com","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fweb\u002Ffrontend\u002Fwww\u002Fassets\u002F46.042\u002Fauthor.svg","institution":null},{"id":"586586","title":"Assistant Prof.","name":"Amine","middleName":null,"surname":"Khalfaoui","fullName":"Amine Khalfaoui","slug":"amine-khalfaoui","email":"medaminekhalfaoui@gmail.com","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fweb\u002Ffrontend\u002Fwww\u002Fassets\u002F46.042\u002Fauthor.svg","institution":null},{"id":"586587","title":"Prof.","name":"Abdelhamid","middleName":null,"surname":"Naitlho","fullName":"Abdelhamid Naitlho","slug":"abdelhamid-naitlho","email":"mnaitlho@gmail.com","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fweb\u002Ffrontend\u002Fwww\u002Fassets\u002F46.042\u002Fauthor.svg","institution":null}],"sections":[{"id":"sec_1","title":"1. Introduction","level":"1"},{"id":"sec_2","title":"2. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2","level":"1"},{"id":"sec_3","title":"3. The revolution of SGLT-2i","level":"1"},{"id":"sec_4","title":"4. Mechanistic effects of SGTL-2i","level":"1"},{"id":"sec_4_2","title":"4.1 Renal effects","level":"2"},{"id":"sec_5_2","title":"4.2 Effects on blood pressure","level":"2"},{"id":"sec_6_2","title":"4.3 Effects in non-diabetic patients","level":"2"},{"id":"sec_7_2","title":"4.4 Immunological effects","level":"2"},{"id":"sec_9","title":"5. Proof of concept","level":"1"},{"id":"sec_10","title":"6. Overrated expectations?","level":"1"},{"id":"sec_11","title":"7. Concerns of using SGTL2i in LN","level":"1"},{"id":"sec_11_2","title":"7.1 Increased risk for infections in lupus","level":"2"},{"id":"sec_12_2","title":"7.2 Vascular problems","level":"2"},{"id":"sec_13_2","title":"7.3 Osteoporosis","level":"2"},{"id":"sec_15","title":"8. Conclusion","level":"1"},{"id":"sec_16","title":"Acknowledgments","level":"1"},{"id":"sec_19","title":"Conflict of interest","level":"1"},{"id":"sec_16","title":"Notes\u002Fthanks\u002Fother declarations","level":"1"}],"chapterReferences":[{"id":"B1","body":"\u003Cref id=\"B1\"\u003E\u003Cmixed-citation publication-type=\"journal\"\u003EManson JJ, Rahman A. Systemic lupus erythematosus. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2006;\u003Cbold\u003E1\u003C\u002Fbold\u003E:6\u003C\u002Fmixed-citation\u003E\u003C\u002Fref\u003E"},{"id":"B2","body":"\u003Cref id=\"B2\"\u003E\u003Cmixed-citation publication-type=\"journal\"\u003EBell CF, Ajmera MR, Meyers J. Evaluation of costs associated with overall organ damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in the United States. 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Circulation. 2019;\u003Cbold\u003E140\u003C\u002Fbold\u003E(4):30315\u003C\u002Fmixed-citation\u003E\u003C\u002Fref\u003E"},{"id":"B13","body":"\u003Cref id=\"B13\"\u003E\u003Cmixed-citation publication-type=\"journal\"\u003ECherney DZI, Perkins BA, Soleymanlou N, Maione M, Lai V, Lee A, et al. Renal hemodynamic effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2014;\u003Cbold\u003E129\u003C\u002Fbold\u003E(5):58797\u003C\u002Fmixed-citation\u003E\u003C\u002Fref\u003E"},{"id":"B14","body":"\u003Cref id=\"B14\"\u003E\u003Cmixed-citation publication-type=\"journal\"\u003ELambers Heerspink HJ, de Zeeuw D, Wie L, Leslie B, List J. Dapagliflozin a glucose-regulating drug with diuretic properties in subjects with type 2-diabetes. 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The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. 2020;\u003Cbold\u003E8\u003C\u002Fbold\u003E(11):90314\u003C\u002Fmixed-citation\u003E\u003C\u002Fref\u003E"},{"id":"B17","body":"\u003Cref id=\"B17\"\u003E\u003Cmixed-citation publication-type=\"journal\"\u003EDekkers CCJ, Gansevoort RT. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: Extending the indications to non-diabetic kidney disease? Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2020;\u003Cbold\u003E35\u003C\u002Fbold\u003E(Suppl. 1):i3342\u003C\u002Fmixed-citation\u003E\u003C\u002Fref\u003E"},{"id":"B18","body":"\u003Cref id=\"B18\"\u003E\u003Cmixed-citation publication-type=\"journal\"\u003EVerma S, Jüni P, Mazer CD. Pumps, pipes, and filters: Do SGLT2 inhibitors cover it all? The Lancet. 2019;\u003Cbold\u003E393\u003C\u002Fbold\u003E(10166):35\u003C\u002Fmixed-citation\u003E\u003C\u002Fref\u003E"},{"id":"B19","body":"\u003Cref id=\"B19\"\u003E\u003Cmixed-citation publication-type=\"book\"\u003EChang WT, Wu CC, Liao IC, et al. Dapagliflozin protects against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity associated with nitric oxide pathway-A translational study. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2023;\u003Cbold\u003E208\u003C\u002Fbold\u003E:103-111. DOI: 10.1016\u002Fj.freeradbiomed.2023.08.013\u003C\u002Fmixed-citation\u003E\u003C\u002Fref\u003E"},{"id":"B20","body":"\u003Cref id=\"B20\"\u003E\u003Cmixed-citation publication-type=\"journal\"\u003EZhao XY, Li SS, He YX, Yan LJ, Lv F, Liang QM, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors alleviate podocyte damage in lupus nephritis by decreasing inflammation and enhancing autophagy. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2023;\u003Cbold\u003E82\u003C\u002Fbold\u003E(10):132840\u003C\u002Fmixed-citation\u003E\u003C\u002Fref\u003E"},{"id":"B21","body":"\u003Cref id=\"B21\"\u003E\u003Cmixed-citation publication-type=\"journal\"\u003ECaravaca-Fontán F, Stevens K, Padrón M, Huerta A, Montomoli M, Villa J, et al. 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Morocco\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E"},{"corresp":null,"contributorFullName":"Amine Khalfaoui","address":null,"affiliation":"\u003Cul class=\"list\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003ENephrology Department, Mohammed VI University of Health and Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E"},{"corresp":null,"contributorFullName":"Abdelhamid Naitlho","address":null,"affiliation":"\u003Cul class=\"list\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003EInternal Medicine Department, Mohammed VI University of Health and Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E"}],"corrections":null},"book":{"id":"1003252","type":"book","title":"Lupus","subtitle":"Diagnostics and Developments","fullTitle":"Lupus - Diagnostics and Developments","slug":null,"isPublished":true,"publishedDate":"February 26th 2025","bookSignature":"Rizwan 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These applications typically receive input data from sensors, assess the current state of the system, and subsequently, make pivotal decisions for the automatic control of the underlying infrastructure. Consequently, safeguarding the security and integrity of the system state data becomes imperative to guarantee the secure and reliable operation of CPS. Therefore, the need to establish a stringent and dependable access control mechanism for data integrity within cyber-physical systems is imperative to ensure the effective implementation of modern functionalities. This paper addresses the intricacies of designing a robust access control system for cyber-physical systems. Leveraging blockchain technology, we introduce a practical framework and demonstrate how it will contribute to establishing a secure, dependable, and controlled system for data access with integrity. The central concept advanced by this research involves the meticulous management of access rights and the preservation of privacy through the application of blockchain strategies. The analytical findings underscore a high level of protection, decentralization, and reliability inherent in the proposed solution, capitalizing on the advantages offered by blockchain.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"book":{"id":"1003439","slug":null,"title":"Blockchain","fullTitle":"Blockchain - Pioneering the Web3 Infrastructure for an Intelligent Future","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":true},"signatures":"Agoye Olorunfemi David and Francisca Nonyelum Ogwueleka","authors":[{"id":"574650","title":"Prof.","name":"Francisca Nonyelum","middleName":null,"surname":"Ogwueleka","slug":"francisca-nonyelum-ogwueleka","fullName":"Francisca Nonyelum Ogwueleka"},{"id":"578710","title":"Ph.D. Student","name":"Agoye","middleName":null,"surname":"Olorunfemi","slug":"agoye-olorunfemi","fullName":"Agoye Olorunfemi"}]},{"id":"89579","title":"Perspective Chapter: Unveiling Stuxnet – A Deep Dive into Memory Forensics for Investigating the Pinnacle of Cyber Espionage","slug":"perspective-chapter-unveiling-stuxnet-a-deep-dive-into-memory-forensics-for-investigating-the-pinnac","totalDownloads":2499,"totalCrossrefCites":0,"totalDimensionsCites":0,"abstract":"\u003Cp id=\"p1\"\u003EIn today’s civilization, computers are used more and more in many different aspects of Life. Attacks by commercial or governmental entities on military data centres, power grids, and confidential information are on the rise. Cybersecurity experts are required to detect, respond to, and report these types of attacks as well as a range of other computer-related incident responses. If actual evidence had not ever been saved to storage media, disc forensics would seem to be pointless. However, memory has a high probability of containing damaging code from an infection, either fully or partially, even in the event that information is never copied to a hard drive or other storage device. Memory forensics can frequently retrieve encryption keys and passwords from documents that have not been encrypted, as well as plain-text data; this information can be used to determine the extent of an assault. Linux memory forensics is a primary focus area of OS memory forensics. Numerous security flaws exist in Linux. The computer worm Stuxnet was firstly aimed towards Iran’s nuclear facilities, but it has subsequently changed and expanded to other industrial and energy-producing establishments. Forensic memory on research should concentrate on Linux systems and machine learning for improved data processing, as both will be highly beneficial.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"book":{"id":"13309","slug":"the-role-of-cybersecurity-in-the-industry-5-0-era","title":"The Role of Cybersecurity in the Industry 5.0 Era","fullTitle":"The Role of Cybersecurity in the Industry 5.0 Era","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":true},"signatures":"U. Kumaran, K. Abhishek Reddy, S.T.P. Hayavadan and R. Naga Sai Rupesh","authors":[{"id":"583598","title":"Mr.","name":"K.","middleName":null,"surname":"Abhishek Reddy","slug":"k.-abhishek-reddy","fullName":"K. Abhishek Reddy"},{"id":"583599","title":"Mr.","name":"R. Naga","middleName":null,"surname":"Sai Rupesh","slug":"r.-naga-sai-rupesh","fullName":"R. Naga Sai Rupesh"},{"id":"588881","title":"Mr.","name":"S.T.P.","middleName":null,"surname":"Hayavadan","slug":"s.t.p.-hayavadan","fullName":"S.T.P. Hayavadan"},{"id":"589177","title":"Dr.","name":"U.","middleName":null,"surname":"Kumaran","slug":"u.-kumaran","fullName":"U. Kumaran"}]}],"onlineFirstChaptersFilter":{"topicId":"1","limit":6,"offset":0},"onlineFirstChaptersCollection":[{"id":"1219566","title":"Perspective Chapter: Coupled Analysis Based on Thermal Skin Heat Transfer Simulations","slug":null,"totalDownloads":1,"totalDimensionsCites":null,"doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.1009500","abstract":"\u003Cp id=\"p1\"\u003EThis chapter focuses on coupled analysis methods. Specifically, it considers the key issues for the complex building envelope calculation. Firstly, the building envelope has structural complexity, and secondly, the building envelope has thermal complexity. These two patterns are, at first sight, contradictory, and in a few cases, they coexist. This chapter describes the concept of a thermal environment analysis methodology for buildings with thermally complex envelopes but with design features. It suggests that a sophisticated methodology could facilitate heat transfer calculations in various building envelopes. In addition, the book explains the methodological approach to calculation models and analysis conditions, providing a valuable technical resource. In conclusion, it is suggested that a comprehensive coupled analysis technique, including both the external and internal sides, is essential for the calculation of heat transfer in the building envelope. On the other hand, if the computational load is negligible, it is considered advisable to calculate the three-dimensional heat flow inside the wall, considering the radial heat flow, instead of the two-dimensional heat flow calculation utilizing a coupled analysis based on a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) splitting method. If the computational load cannot be ignored, solving the 2D heat flow is recommended. Consider dividing the number of slices per orientation. After considering solar heat gain on the wall, exploring this option could be beneficial. In other words, since the accuracy of the calculation is linked to solar heat gain, it is also regarded as desirable to study the microclimate around the building outdoors.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","isPublished":false,"isOnlineFirst":true,"book":{"id":"1004593","title":"Facade Engineering - Concepts, Materials, Techniques and Principles of Construction","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa04Tc00000ARjzWIAT\u002F0016497_TrikoderCover%20%282024-09-23%2014%3A51%3A16%29.jpg","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":false},"signatures":"Tatsuhiro Yamamoto"},{"id":"1213148","title":"Green Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies and Systems for MIMO Antennas Systems","slug":null,"totalDownloads":1,"totalDimensionsCites":null,"doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.1009894","abstract":"\u003Cp id=\"p1\"\u003EMultiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems use multiple antennas. In this chapter, an RF module with eleven-notch antennas is presented. The RF module may operate as a phased array direction-finding system or as a MIMO antenna system. The antennas are wideband 6–18 GHz notch antennas. Moreover, a Microwave Integrated Circuits (MIC) X-band monopulse transceiver is presented in this chapter. The transceiver consists of a low-noise amplifier, mixer, attenuator, SP3T, limiter, and circulator. MIMO is employed in wideband RF systems where it is important not to have interference from RF systems. MIMO technology is used for Wi-Fi devices and cellular phones, 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G generation technology, broadcast TV production, law enforcement communication, and government applications. MIMO can be employed in WLANs, wireless local area networks. Green RF technologies, MIC, and Monolothic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMIC) are presented in this chapter. Wideband passive and active RF modules and systems are presented in this chapter. Design rules and considerations of green electronic technologies in the development of green MIMO antenna systems are discussed in this chapter. RF and MIMO antenna systems should use green materials and green renewable energy.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","isPublished":false,"isOnlineFirst":true,"book":{"id":"1004072","title":"Innovation in MIMO Systems","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa043Y000011YPuwQAG\u002F0015976_TrikoderCover%20%282023-11-17%2009%3A25%3A13%29.jpg","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":false},"signatures":"Albert Sabban"},{"id":"1213992","title":"Mxenes for Wearable Multifunctional Sensing and Artificial Intelligence Devices","slug":null,"totalDownloads":3,"totalDimensionsCites":null,"doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.1009614","abstract":"\u003Cp id=\"p1\"\u003EThe exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to an escalating demand for energy-efficient, data-intensive computing solutions. Conventional von Neumann architectures, constrained by inherent memory-processor bottlenecks, struggle to meet these requirements. Neuromorphic devices enable energy-efficient, scalable, and high-speed neuromorphic computing, potentially addressing the von Neumann bottleneck and the limits of Moore’s Law. Two-dimensional MXene materials, with their excellent mechanical and electrical properties, have become a transformative platform for developing neuromorphic devices, providing unparalleled advantages in sensing, nonvolatile memory, and bio-inspired computation. This chapter systematically summarizes recent advances in MXene-based flexible neuromorphic memristor devices. First, we delineate materials engineering strategies for synthesizing MXene thin films with tailored electronic and mechanical properties. Next, we classify MXene-derived neuromorphic materials and elucidate their switching mechanisms, including ion migration and charge trapping. A critical analysis of MXene-enabled devices highlights breakthroughs in-memory, artificial synapses, neuromorphic circuits, and multimodal in-sensor computing. Finally, we discuss persistent challenges in stability, scalability, and interfacial engineering, while projecting future directions for MXene-integrated sensing-memory-processing systems. This chapter provides a potential pathway for leveraging MXenes to transcend the limitations of conventional computing paradigms.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","isPublished":false,"isOnlineFirst":true,"book":{"id":"1004622","title":"MXenes - Cutting-Edge Materials for Next-Generation Applications","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa04Tc00000ARjzzIAD\u002F0016526_TrikoderCover%20%282024-09-23%2014%3A51%3A16%29.jpg","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":false},"signatures":"Long Chen"},{"id":"1219527","title":"Application of MXenes-Based Materials in Biomedical Engineering","slug":null,"totalDownloads":2,"totalDimensionsCites":null,"doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.1009410","abstract":"\u003Cp id=\"p1\"\u003EMXenes-based composite materials, as emerging two-dimensional materials, have shown extensive potential in the biomedical field due to their excellent electrical, mechanical, and surface properties. MXenes possess diverse surface chemistry that enables interactions with a variety of biomolecules, promoting innovations in drug delivery, cellular imaging, cancer therapy, and more. By combining MXenes with various biomaterials such as polymers, metal nanoparticles, and carbon materials, their performance is further enhanced, improving biocompatibility, stability, and functionality. These composite materials have demonstrated significant promise in cancer-targeted therapy, tissue engineering, sensor development, and antimicrobial treatment. This chapter summarizes the latest advancements in the biomedical applications of MXenes-based composites and discusses the challenges and future directions for their development.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","isPublished":false,"isOnlineFirst":true,"book":{"id":"1004622","title":"MXenes - Cutting-Edge Materials for Next-Generation Applications","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa04Tc00000ARjzzIAD\u002F0016526_TrikoderCover%20%282024-09-23%2014%3A51%3A16%29.jpg","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":false},"signatures":"Shisheng Cui, Yingyan Wu, Chengli Ni and Haili Wang"},{"id":"1202952","title":"Numerical Simulation of Thermal Shock for Glass-Glass BIPVs in Fire: Gaps and Challenges","slug":null,"totalDownloads":6,"totalDimensionsCites":null,"doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.1009849","abstract":"\u003Cp id=\"p1\"\u003EGlass-glass photovoltaic (PV) technologies for building integrated (BIPV) applications are increasingly used in construction, due to several advantages. Besides, many complex aspects characterize the performance of these building components, and robust technical knowledge by many experts (with electrical, mechanical, structural, and architectural backgrounds) is usually required for their analysis. In ordinary BIPV applications, for example, thin glass covers are required to sustain thermal loads that derive from ordinary operational conditions, possible superimposed mechanical loads, even under accidents, such as fire. As such, among others, it is important to realistically predict the occurrence of first cracks in glass due to thermal shock, which is frequently followed by fallout. This chapter analyzes the potential of Finite Element (FE) numerical strategies for a more in-depth assessment of glass-glass BIPV performances in fire, to possibly support their optimal design and functionality assessment. Based on the literature background, a standard furnace test is numerically reproduced for a 1.046 m × 1.719 m glass-glass BIPV sample with 6 mm thick tempered covers and 1 mm thick Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) encapsulant. The attention is focused on the heat transfer transient analysis for first crack and failure time detection due to thermal shock of the exposed glass cover. The simulations give evidence of thermal shock after about 6′ of fire exposure, which fits well with the available experimental evidences. The critical discussion of comparative results, however, shows a major sensitivity to input material properties and poses the basis for further experimental and numerical investigations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","isPublished":false,"isOnlineFirst":true,"book":{"id":"1004219","title":"Fire Safety Engineering - Measures, Policies, and Applications","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa04Tc000004ioDTIAY\u002F0016123_TrikoderCover%20%282024-03-13%2010%3A22%3A15%29.jpg","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":false},"signatures":"Chiara Bedon, Lorenzo Veronese, Riccardo Del Bello, Nicola Cella and Yu Wang"},{"id":"1219891","title":"Designing Urban Sustainability: Leveraging Vehicular Potential Energy for Electric Vehicle Charging and Smart Cities","slug":null,"totalDownloads":5,"totalDimensionsCites":null,"doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.1009865","abstract":"\u003Cp id=\"p1\"\u003EThis chapter explores innovative advancements in energy systems that address critical challenges in sustainability and efficiency. It examines modern energy storage technologies, highlighting their role in stabilizing renewable energy supplies and enabling applications ranging from grid integration to electric vehicles. The concept of gravitational energy harvesting in multilevel parking structures is presented as a sustainable urban solution, showcasing the conversion of vehicular potential energy into electricity. Power-electronic technologies are discussed for their indispensable role in integrating renewable energy into modern grids, focusing on innovations that enhance efficiency, scalability, and grid stability. Lastly, a hybrid system combining solar energy harvesting with wireless charging demonstrates the potential of renewable energy in creating efficient and resilient sensor networks. Collectively, these advancements underscore the importance of interdisciplinary solutions in achieving a sustainable energy future.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","isPublished":false,"isOnlineFirst":true,"book":{"id":"1003045","title":"The Challenges of Energy Harvesting","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa043Y00000zFsmhQAC\u002F0014949_TrikoderCover%20%282023-01-13%2008%3A17%3A12%29.jpg","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":false},"signatures":"Tee Hui Teo, Chiang Liang Kok, Zyon Tham, Guangming Ren and Xinlong Zhang"}],"onlineFirstChaptersTotal":429},"preDownload":{"success":null,"errors":{}},"subscriptionForm":{"success":null,"errors":{}},"aboutIntechopen":{},"privacyPolicy":{},"cookiePolicy":{},"recruitmentPrivacyNotice":{},"peerReviewing":{},"howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks":{},"sponsorshipBooks":{"sponsorshipBooks":[],"offset":8,"limit":8,"total":0},"allSeries":{"pteSeriesList":[{"id":"7","title":"Biomedical 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endeavors.","author":{"id":"259298","name":"Edward","surname":"Narayan","institutionString":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F259298\u002F1734030847\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","slug":"edward-narayan","institution":{"id":"3","name":"University of Queensland","country":{"id":null,"name":"Australia"}}}},{"id":"13","text":"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.","author":{"id":"55578","name":"Antonio","surname":"Jurado-Navas","institutionString":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F55578\u002F1740783862\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.png","slug":"antonio-jurado-navas","institution":{"id":"720","name":"University of Malaga","country":{"id":null,"name":"Spain"}}}}]},"series":{"item":{"id":"29","title":"Agricultural Sciences","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.107194","issn":"3029-052X","scope":"\u003Cp\u003E\n\tThe importance of agriculture cannot be overstated. It helps sustain life, as it gives us the food we need to survive and provides opportunities for economic well-being. Agriculture helps people prosper around the world and combines the creativity, imagination, and skill involved in planting crops and raising animals with modern production methods and new technologies. This series includes two main topics: Agronomy and Horticulture, and Animal Farming. This series will help readers better understand the intricacies of production agriculture and provide the new knowledge that is required to be successful. The success of a farmer in modern agriculture requires knowledge of events happening locally as well as globally that impact input decisions and ultimately determine net profit.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E","coverUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.intechopen.com\u002Fseries\u002Fcovers\u002F29.jpg","latestPublicationDate":"March 27th, 2025","hasOnlineFirst":true,"numberOfPublishedBooks":19,"editor":{"id":"13502","title":"Dr.","name":"W. James","middleName":null,"surname":"Grichar","slug":"w.-james-grichar","fullName":"W. 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Fundamentals and Applications","editors":[{"id":"101698","title":"Dr.","name":"Orhan","middleName":null,"surname":"Korhan","slug":"orhan-korhan","fullName":"Orhan Korhan","cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F101698\u002F1734440584\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","orcid":"0000-0002-9388-8605","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"Eastern Mediterranean University","institutionURL":null,"country":{"name":"Cyprus"}}}],"equalEditorOne":null,"equalEditorTwo":null,"equalEditorThree":null},{"type":"book","id":"12630","title":"Current Applications of Engineered Wood","subtitle":null,"coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.intechopen.com\u002Fbooks\u002Fimages_new\u002F12630.jpg","slug":"current-applications-of-engineered-wood","isPublished":true,"publishedDate":"November 8th 2023","editedByType":"Edited by","bookSignature":"Jun Zhang","hash":"f22a2809ff563163d415fb7c9e0aee92","volumeInSeries":1,"fullTitle":"Current Applications of Engineered Wood","editors":[{"id":"437015","title":"Prof.","name":"Jun","middleName":null,"surname":"Zhang","slug":"jun-zhang","fullName":"Jun Zhang","cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F437015\u002F1734011643\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","orcid":"0000-0003-1818-9182","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"Southwest Forestry University","institutionURL":null,"country":{"name":"China"}}}],"equalEditorOne":null,"equalEditorTwo":null,"equalEditorThree":null}]},"subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks":[{"group":"subseries","caption":"Operational Excellence","value":117,"count":3},{"group":"subseries","caption":"Production Engineering","value":116,"count":7}],"publicationYearFilters":[{"group":"publicationYear","caption":"2025","value":2025,"count":2},{"group":"publicationYear","caption":"2024","value":2024,"count":6},{"group":"publicationYear","caption":"2023","value":2023,"count":2}],"authors":{"paginationCount":927,"paginationItems":[{"id":"79412","title":"Dr.","name":"Teresa","middleName":null,"surname":"Fidalgo Fonseca","slug":"teresa-fidalgo-fonseca","fullName":"Teresa Fidalgo Fonseca","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F79412\u002F1741364045\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Teresa Fidalgo Fonseca is an associate professor with habilitation at the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Portugal, an integrated member of the Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB, UTAD), and a collaborator at the Centre of Forest Studies (CEF), University of Lisbon. She holds a Ph.D. in Forestry Sciences and conducts research in the scientific domains of her specialization, participating in national and international research projects and authoring scientific and technical publications. Her research focuses on biometrics and forest assessment, silviculture, modeling, and forest management She is Deputy of Division 1 (Silviculture) of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) and coordinator of WP 1.01.10 – Ecology and Silviculture of Pine.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro","country":{"name":"Portugal"}}},{"id":"173470","title":"Dr.","name":"Wafaa","middleName":"M.","surname":"Abd El-Rahim","slug":"wafaa-abd-el-rahim","fullName":"Wafaa Abd El-Rahim","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F173470\u002F1740481929\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Prof. Wafaa Mohamed Abdel-Rahim has been a Professor of Environmental Microbiology at the National Research Centre (NRC) in Egypt since 2011. She previously served as the Head of the Agricultural Microbiology Department for six years and is currently the Institute of Biological and Agricultural Research dean. She has led numerous national and international research projects, securing funding for 22 projects, including 14 as the principal investigator (PI). Her outstanding scientific contributions have earned her nine prestigious awards, including the State Encouragement Award and two international honors from the Korea Exhibition of Innovation.\r\nProf. Wafaa is an active member of several national committees, such as the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, the Microbiology and Soil Committees, and environmental and water councils. She holds three patents from the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology in Egypt. She has trained many students from various Egyptian universities since 2010. Additionally, she serves as the Chair of the Promotions Committee for Biochemistry and Biological Sciences under the Ministry of Scientific Research and Technology.\r\nShe has participated in numerous international scientific missions, representing Egypt in global conferences and fostering research collaborations with Arab and foreign countries. Through these engagements, she has strengthened academic and scientific partnerships, contributing to the advancement of environmental microbiology on an international scale.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"National Research Centre","country":{"name":"Egypt"}}},{"id":"185450","title":"Prof.","name":"Modreck","middleName":null,"surname":"Gomo","slug":"modreck-gomo","fullName":"Modreck Gomo","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F185450\u002F1742931126\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Modreck Gomo is an associate professor of groundwater at the Institute of Groundwater Studies at the University of the Free State in South Africa. He has the following qualifications: a BSc Honours Agricultural Engineering (2025), a BSc Honours Geohydrology (2008), an MSc Geohydrology (2009), and a Ph.D. Geohydrology (2011). Professor Gomo has experience in several groundwater research and consultancy projects. He has consistently published theoretical and experimental work on various groundwater aspects to improve groundwater site characterisation techniques of aquifer hydraulics tests, groundwater exploitation, hydrogeochemical processes, and groundwater quality. He is an Associate Editor for Sustainable Water Resources Management (SWAM), Subject Editor for Water SA journal, and a Discover Water journal board member.","institutionString":"The University of the Free State","institution":{"name":"University of the Free State","country":{"name":"South Africa"}}},{"id":"623055","title":"Dr.","name":"Emily","middleName":null,"surname":"García Montiel","slug":"emily-garcia-montiel","fullName":"Emily García Montiel","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F623055\u002F1742908481\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Professor at the Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences of the UJED. \n\nDirector of the Business Center of UJED","institutionString":"Juarez University of the State of Durango","institution":null},{"id":"605875","title":"Associate Prof.","name":"Juan","middleName":null,"surname":"Peña-Martínez","slug":"juan-pena-martinez","fullName":"Juan Peña-Martínez","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F605875\u002F1738244827\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Dr. Juan Peña Martínez focuses on reshaping the training of future educators in the Didactics of Experimental Sciences, particularly in chemical education. His work integrates principles of human security, sustainable development, and peace education. He emphasizes core values such as the right to a dignified life, social justice, equality of opportunity, and the rejection of violence as a means of conflict resolution. His approach fosters generosity, dialogue, participation, and solidarity alongside the preservation of natural resources. Additionally, he seeks to cultivate knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors that promote environmental responsibility, addressing both ecological and human dimensions of sustainability.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"Complutense University of Madrid","country":{"name":"Spain"}}},{"id":"213843","title":"Prof.","name":"Huijin","middleName":null,"surname":"Xu","slug":"huijin-xu","fullName":"Huijin Xu","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F213843\u002F1739177826\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Dr. Huijin Xu is a professor at Shanghai Maritime University in China. He graduated from Xi’an Jiaotong University. He has worked at China University of Petroleum and Shanghai Jiao Tong University. His research interests cover Marine Hydrogen and Energy Storage, Shipborne Carbon Capture, Porous Media, etc. He significantly contributed to heat and mass transfer in porous media and thermal storage. He has published nearly 100 papers in high-level international journals, receiving more than 4000 citations (Google Scholar). He now serves as AE for two international journals: Journal of Porous Media and Special Topics and Reviews in Porous Media.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"Shanghai Maritime University","country":{"name":"China"}}},{"id":"613519","title":"Prof.","name":"Qing","middleName":null,"surname":"Li","slug":"qing-li","fullName":"Qing Li","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F613519\u002F1739178105\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Prof. Qing Li is a full professor at the School of Energy Science and Engineering at Central South University. He obtained his Ph. D degree from Xi’an Jiaotong University. Subsequently, He worked at the University of Southampton as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow from May 2011 to May 2014. After that, he joined Central South University. He mainly specializes in heat transfer enhancement and solar energy utilization. He was awarded the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars by the National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2018. He has published over 130 internationally refereed journal papers, including more than 100 as the first or the corresponding author. He also holds 21 patents and co-authored two books.","institutionString":"Central South University","institution":null},{"id":"585544","title":"Associate Prof.","name":"Yu","middleName":null,"surname":"Qiu","slug":"yu-qiu","fullName":"Yu Qiu","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F585544\u002F1713506498\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Dr. Yu Qiu is an associate professor in the School of Energy Science and Engineering at Central South University. His current research focuses on concentrating solar power, thermal energy storage, solar-driven hydrogen production, and solar-driven interfacial evaporation. He received his B.S. degree in Energy, Power Systems and Automation and Ph.D. degree in Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics from Xi'an Jiaotong University. He was a visiting Ph.D. candidate at Georgia Institute of Technology from Sept. 2017 to Sept. 2018. Dr. Qiu published 56 papers in SCI journals and held 14 registered patents and two softwares. He received the Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Award of China (1st Class) in 2019, a First Prize and a Second Prize in 2023 Excellent Natural Science Academic Papers of Hunan Province of China, a Wang Buxuan-Guo Zengyuan Outstanding Paper Award in 2017 Heat and Mass Transfer Conference of Chinese Society of Engineering Thermophysics. He is an Editorial Board Member, Youth Editorial Board Member, or Guest Editor of several journals, including Carbon Neutrality, Green Energy and Resources, Energies, Frontiers in Energy Research, etc. He is a Young Committee Member of the Heat and Mass Transfer Branch of the Chinese Society of Engineering Thermophysics, and a Committee Member of the Hunan Society of Engineering Thermophysics. He worked as a session chair of various international conferences.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"Central South University","country":{"name":"China"}}},{"id":"493097","title":"Dr.","name":"Jorge","middleName":null,"surname":"Garza-Ulloa","slug":"jorge-garza-ulloa","fullName":"Jorge Garza-Ulloa","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F493097\u002F1710186508\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":null,"institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"The University of Texas at El Paso","country":{"name":"United States of America"}}},{"id":"194484","title":"Dr.","name":"Ana Cristina","middleName":null,"surname":"Gonçalves","slug":"ana-cristina-goncalves","fullName":"Ana Cristina Gonçalves","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F194484\u002F1715147737\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Ana Cristina Gonçalves is an assistant professor with habilitation in the Department of Rural Engineering, University of Évora, Portugal, and a researcher at the Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED). She is also the Deputy Coordinator of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) subdivision 1.04.00 – Agroforestry. Dr. Gonçalves holds a Ph.D. in Forestry and has authored more than 100 publications and participated in 15 research projects. Her research focuses on silviculture and modeling in pure, mixed, even-aged, and uneven-aged stands; biomass; forest management; and planning integrated in a GIS environment.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"University of Évora","country":{"name":"Portugal"}}},{"id":"30791","title":"Associate Prof.","name":"Owen","middleName":null,"surname":"Casha","slug":"owen-casha","fullName":"Owen Casha","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F30791\u002F1734031019\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Prof Ing. Owen Casha received the B. Eng. (Hons.) degree (summa cum laude) in Electrical Engineering from the University of Malta in 2004. In the same year, he joined the Department of Electronic Systems Engineering (Faculty of Engineering) as a Post Graduate Trainee. In 2007 he was appointed as Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Microelectronics and Nanoelectronics (Faculty of ICT). From September 2007 till June 2008, he was on a research collaboration with CEA-LETI (Grenoble, France) and ST-Microelectronics, as part of his doctorate studies. He received a Ph.D. in Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design from the University of Malta in 2010 and promoted to Lecturer. Following eight years of lecturing and research duties, he was promoted to Senior Lecturer in June 2015. In March 2021, he was then promoted to Associate Professor. His research interests are low voltage low phase noise radio frequency oscillators and synthesizers, design of high speed integrated circuits and RF MEMS and design of assistive devices. He authored around 100 peer reviewed publications in conference proceedings, journals and book chapters. Prof. Casha was the co-investigator in a number of EU and National funded research projects including LAB4MEMS, LAB4MEMS II, ESAIRQ-PENTA, SPEECHIE, SMARTCLAP and SALTT-CITY.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"University of Malta","country":{"name":"Malta"}}},{"id":"605679","title":"Dr.","name":"Walter","middleName":null,"surname":"Hubbard-Zamudio","slug":"walter-hubbard-zamudio","fullName":"Walter Hubbard-Zamudio","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F605679\u002F1732667413\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Walter Hubbard Zamudio\nExpert in fisheries biology, aquaculture management, and sustainable marine resource development with over 40 years of experience. Holds a Bachelor’s in Biology from Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, a Master’s in Fisheries Biology and Management from the University College of North Wales, and a Ph.D. in Landscape Conservation from the Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Additionally, certified as a GIS Technician by MASTERGIS and trained in Shrimp Larvae Culture at the University of Kagoshima, Japan. Proven leader in implementing innovative strategies, including the first national census for Mexican fishermen and aquaculturists, benefiting 150,000 people. CEO of Acuícola La Filipina, certified under FDA and COFEPRIS standards, and a published researcher bridging aquaculture and environmental conservation. Passionate about integrating science, policy, and community welfare for sustainable impact.","institutionString":"Ostiones Sinaloa","institution":null},{"id":"189304","title":"Dr.","name":"Ciro","middleName":"Fernando","surname":"Bustillo-Lecompte","slug":"ciro-bustillo-lecompte","fullName":"Ciro Bustillo-Lecompte","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F189304\u002F1734011519\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Dr. Ciro Bustillo LeCompte is a versatile professional with a diverse background spanning civil, environmental, and chemical engineering. He obtained his Bachelor of Engineering degree from the University of Cartagena, Colombia, in 2008. He furthered his studies at Toronto Metropolitan University (Formerly Ryerson University), in Canada to achieve a Master of Applied Science degree in 2012 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 2016.\r\nDr. LeCompte’s expertise is recognized through several certifications. He is a certified Professional Engineer (PEng) and Environmental Professional (EP). Additionally, he is a Fraternal Member of the Canadian Institute of Public Health Inspectors (CIPHI) and was honored as a Queen Elizabeth Scholar (QES) for the 2017-2018 period.\r\nCurrently, Dr. LeCompte contributes his expertise as an Adjunct Professor in the School of Occupational and Public Health at Toronto Metropolitan University. He serves as an Associate Member in the Environmental Applied Science and Management Graduate Programs, where he continues to inspire and mentor future generations of environmental professionals. Additionally, he is an Associate Editor for Environmental Health and Exposome, Frontiers in Public Health, and Associate Editor for Water, Waste and Wastewater Engineering, Frontiers in Environmental Engineering.","institutionString":"Toronto Metropolitan University","institution":null},{"id":"585542","title":"Associate Prof.","name":"Xiaokun","middleName":null,"surname":"Gu","slug":"xiaokun-gu","fullName":"Xiaokun Gu","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F585542\u002F1739177960\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Dr. Xiaokun Gu is a Professor at the School of Energy and Materials at Shanghai Polytechnic University in China. Dr. Gu received his PhD degree from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 2016. His research focuses on nanoscale energy transport and thermal management fundamentals, with particular expertise in phonon thermal conduction and solar thermal utilization. Dr. Gu has led two projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. He has authored over 60 SCI-indexed publications, with over 30 as first or corresponding author. According to Google Scholar, his work has garnered significant attention in the scientific community, with over 5,600 citations and an H-index of over 30.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","country":{"name":"China"}}},{"id":"520153","title":"Dr.","name":"Soheila","middleName":null,"surname":"Aghaei Dargiri","slug":"soheila-aghaei-dargiri","fullName":"Soheila Aghaei Dargiri","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F520153\u002F1704832111\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"My current research work is in the field of genetic engineering and plant genomics. I have the ability to work with different laboratory devices. And that I have the necessary skills in the field of laboratory isolation of fungi and bacteria from plants, DNA extraction from plants, fungi and bacteria, plant tissue culture, gene expression, and statistical analysis.","institutionString":"Department of Biological Control Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran 19858-13111, Iran","institution":null},{"id":"585545","title":"Associate Prof.","name":"Hui","middleName":null,"surname":"Wang","slug":"hui-wang","fullName":"Hui Wang","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F585545\u002F1739178415\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Dr. Hui Wang is a distinguished researcher from the Xi 'an Jiaotong University in China. His research focuses on heat and mass transfer mechanisms and intelligent regulation at complex interfaces. As the first\u002Fcorresponding author, he has published 60 papers in SCI index journals such as Nature Communication and Advanced Functional Materials, 2 ESI high award papers, and 2 journal excellent paper awards. He was awarded the second-class general of the China Engineering Thermophysics Society (ranked 2nd) and the second prize in the Science and Technology Progress Award of China Aeronautical Society (ranked 2nd). He served as an expert in preparing the outline of the roadmap of hydrogen energy technology development, the youth editor, and the special issue editor of many journals.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","country":{"name":"China"}}},{"id":"223288","title":"Dr.","name":"Mary","middleName":null,"surname":"Allagoa","slug":"mary-allagoa","fullName":"Mary Allagoa","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F223288\u002F1726196498\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":null,"institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"University of Aberdeen","country":{"name":"United Kingdom"}}},{"id":"426536","title":"Dr.","name":"Marie Serena","middleName":null,"surname":"McCONNELL","slug":"marie-serena-mcconnell","fullName":"Marie Serena McCONNELL","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F426536\u002F1712052511\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":null,"institutionString":"Lady Doak College","institution":null},{"id":"219350","title":"Dr.","name":"Ling","middleName":null,"surname":"Zhang","slug":"ling-zhang","fullName":"Ling Zhang","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F219350\u002F1719382499\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.png","biography":"Dr. Ling Zhang obtained his Ph.D. from Nanjing Agricultural University, China. He visited the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, USA, from 2012 to 2013. He is currently working as a professor in the College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, China, supervising graduate students. Dr. Zhang studies global change biology, forest ecology, and soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. He has published more than 90 papers related to global change ecology or forest ecology, and has authored or co-authored seven books in recent years. He also serves as editor of ISI journals, such as Journal of Plant Ecology, Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Plant Ecology, and Frontiers in Forests and Climate Change and as a reviewer for more than 40 ISI journals.","institutionString":"Jiangxi Agricultural University","institution":{"name":"Jiangxi Agricultural University","country":{"name":"China"}}},{"id":"300124","title":"Dr.","name":"Thomas","middleName":null,"surname":"Shahady","slug":"thomas-shahady","fullName":"Thomas Shahady","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F300124\u002F1718799038\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Thomas D. Shahady, Ph.D. is a Professor of Environmental Science at the University of Lynchburg and director of the Environmental Education Center focusing on Water Resources in U.S. and Environmental Health in Latin America. He has a Bachelor of Science in Biology and Environmental Studies from Guilford College in Greensboro, NC, a Masters of Science in Environmental Health from the University of North Carolina School of Public Health, and a Ph.D. in Zoology with a Water Resources Minor from North Carolina State University. Dr. Shahady has expertise in community-based environmental problems. He has researched and consulted on water quality issues in the Finger Lakes Region of New York State, reservoirs throughout North Carolina and Virginia, and the impact of urbanization throughout the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. He has worked with industry, EPA, and state regulators on environmental compliance issues. His current work is focused on sound environmental monitoring to manage and improve degraded water quality. He is also focused on how to improve stream restoration and develop good watershed management plans for degraded areas. In Costa Rica, he is working to improve overall sanitation to improve both drinking water and river health. His outreach is helping affected communities monitor their water quality and improve health.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"Lynchburg College","country":{"name":"United States of America"}}},{"id":"299110","title":"Dr.","name":"Adnan","middleName":null,"surname":"Mustafa","slug":"adnan-mustafa","fullName":"Adnan Mustafa","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F299110\u002F1713418197\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Dr. Adnan Mustafa completed his Ph.D. in Soil Science at the\nGraduate School of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. He worked as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the\nBiology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences and as an Assistant\nProfessor at the Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Czech\nRepublic. He is currently working as a Research Fellow at the\nSouth China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. His\nresearch focuses on soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation mechanisms, plant-microbe interactions, and biochar production and utilization for agricultural crop\nproduction and environmental remediation. He is actively involved in the bioremediation of contaminated soils using organic and inorganic amendments in addition\nto exploiting plant-microbe interactions. He has published more than 100 refereed\njournal articles, many of which sought to explore the effectiveness of innovative soil\namendments and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for improving crop\nperformance and soil resilience under various abiotic stresses.","institutionString":"Brno University of Technology","institution":{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","country":{"name":"China"}}},{"id":"320124","title":"Dr.","name":"Ana Marta","middleName":null,"surname":"Gonçalves","slug":"ana-marta-goncalves","fullName":"Ana Marta Gonçalves","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F320124\u002F1733914417\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Dr. Ana Marta Gonçalves obtained a Ph.D. in Biology with a specialty in Ecology from the University of Coimbra, Portugal, in collaboration with Ghent University, Belgium, in 2011. Since 2019, she has been an auxiliary researcher at the Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra. During her research career, Dr. Gonçalves obtained several grants in highly international competitive calls, including the 2008 MARS award for young scientists funded by the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) grants, and an honorable mention for the Impact of International Publications in 2022, according to Web of Science, by the Director of the Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra. She was a member of the board of directors of the research unit Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE). Currently, she is the chair of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Europe Education Committee, coordinator of LTsER Estuaries platform, eLTER coordinator of the Working Group Sites and Platform Forum (SPF) Training Group, member of the board of directors of IMAR – Institute of Sea, an associate member (representative) of the EuroMarine and IMBRSea networks, and a coordinator of La Caixa Foundation fellowship programs. Since 2016, Dr. Gonçalves has been a member of the Scientific Council of Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra. She is a journal editor and reviewer and has edited one book. Dr. Gonçalves is an advisory board member for Food Sciences and Technology and Toxicology. She is also a coordinator and research member of several national and international projects. She holds various administrative and science management positions in international networks. Dr. Gonçalves has supervised more than 140 graduate and post-graduate students and published more than 114 indexed papers and more than 55 book chapters. Dr. Gonçalves develops her work in the field of biological sciences, in the frontier of aquatic ecology and ecotoxicology, and biochemical pathways, assessing potential changes in trophic food webs, from primary producers to top predators, exposed to chemical stressors and climatic changes. She also researches marine biotechnology and the valorization of marine resources with industrial applications like food, biomedicine, pharmaceutical and agriculture novel products. Dr. Gonçalves dedicates part of her time to health and ocean literacy and environmental education. Her areas of specialization include marine biotechnology aquatic ecotoxicology, trophic food webs, global changes, anthropogenic impacts, microplastic pollution, biochemical analysis (fatty acid and carbohydrate profiles, proteins), biomarkers, bioindicators, aquatic ecology, estuarine plankton dynamics, long-term changes of plankton communities, aquaculture, and environmental education.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"University of Coimbra","country":{"name":"Portugal"}}},{"id":"77597","title":"Prof.","name":"Yuanzhi","middleName":null,"surname":"Zhang","slug":"yuanzhi-zhang","fullName":"Yuanzhi Zhang","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F77597\u002F1717417145\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Dr. Yuanzhi Zhang is a Research Fellow and Professor of earth system science and marine remote sensing at China University of Geoscience Beijing and Nanjing Information University of Science and Technology in China. Dr. Zhang received a Doctor of Science in Technology at Helsinki University of Technology (now renamed Aalto University) in Finland. Dr. Zhang is the author and co-author of 195 peer-reviewed journal articles and 16 books or book chapters. He received the First-Rank Award of the Guangdong Provincial Prize of Science and Technology, China, in 2013 and the Second-Rank Award, ARCA (Actions for Raising Critical Awareness) Prize at the International Symposium “Environment 2010: Situation and Perspectives for the European Union”, Porto, Portugal, in 2003. Dr. Zhang was the Associate Editor of the International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation from 2012-2021.","institutionString":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","institution":{"name":"China University of Geosciences","country":{"name":"China"}}},{"id":"241504","title":"Dr.","name":"Mohd Fadhil","middleName":null,"surname":"Md. Din","slug":"mohd-fadhil-md.-din","fullName":"Mohd Fadhil Md. Din","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F241504\u002F1727939522\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.png","biography":"Dr. Mohd Fadhil Md Din graduated from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) in 1999 and obtained an MEng in 2001. He further studied under a double program between UTM and Delft University of Technology, Netherlands. Dr. Din has more than 280 technical and scientific publications to his credit. He is the recipient of several funding grants and prestigious awards. He is a director of campus sustainability, working for an environmental and sustainable operational framework on campus. His expertise is in environmental sciences and application, environmental management systems (EMS), environmental impact assessments (EIA), risk management, and transportation projects (mobility transformational agenda). He is involved in undergraduate and postgraduate courses in environmental science and engineering, specializing in water and wastewater treatment, biotechnology and bioengineering, fundamental chemical sciences, and river rehabilitation, particularly issues related to developing countries. He has received several awards and recognitions at both national and international levels.","institutionString":"University of Technology Malaysia","institution":{"name":"University of Technology Malaysia","country":{"name":"Malaysia"}}},{"id":"174690","title":"Dr.","name":"Vasudeo","middleName":null,"surname":"Zambare","slug":"vasudeo-zambare","fullName":"Vasudeo Zambare","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F174690\u002F1727939521\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Dr. Vasudeo Zambare is a Head of R&D, Balaji Enzyme and\nChemical Pvt Ltd, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, and a fellow\nat the Center for Environmental Sustainability and Water\nSecurity (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). Dr.\nZambare obtained his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the Agharkar\nResearch Institute, Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India\nin 2007. He has 3 patents, more than 230 technical and scientific publications, and more than 80 peer-reviewed journal articles to his credit. Dr.\nZambare is a multi-skilled researcher with biorefinery industry experience in the\nUnited States, Canada, the European Union, India, and Malaysia. He has developed\nbioprocesses for the leather, textile, paper and pulp, and biofuel industries. He has\nmore than 20 years of achievements in advancing knowledge by devising fermentation processes, assays, and analytical methods to solve complex research problems\nwith potential commercial applications (biofuel, food, and pharmaceuticals). His\nresearch expertise includes industrial enzymes, probiotics, extremophiles, biofertilizers, biopesticides, waste management, and leather bioprocessing.","institutionString":"University of Technology Malaysia","institution":{"name":"University of Technology Malaysia","country":{"name":"Malaysia"}}},{"id":"439130","title":"Prof.","name":"Adib","middleName":"Ali","surname":"Saad","slug":"adib-saad","fullName":"Adib Saad","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F439130\u002F1734009942\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.png","biography":"Prof. Adib Ali SAAD (H = 18; I10 = 31) is the founder and director of the Marine and Aquatic Environment Laboratory at Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria. Both MSc and Ph.D. degrees in Biological sciences from the University of Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France. 1st level of scuba diving. President of Syrian society for Aquatic environment protection (SSAEP). Head of the Cetaceans Monitoring Team on the Syrian Coast since 1996. He is an ocean expert in ENESCO, Permanent Reviewer in many national and international journals. He is the recipient of many national and international commendations and awards in recognition of his scientific research activities","institutionString":"Manara University","institution":null},{"id":"12075","title":"Prof.","name":"Magdy M. M.","middleName":null,"surname":"Elnashar","slug":"magdy-m.-m.-elnashar","fullName":"Magdy M. M. Elnashar","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F12075\u002F1740783787\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.png","biography":"Professor Magdy M. Elnashar is employed at the School of Medicine, Curtin University, Australia, as well as the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, Egypt. Dr. Elnashar has a multidisciplinary background in chemistry, chemical engineering, and\nbiochemistry. He received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry in 2005 from\nLeeds University (top 75 in the world), UK. Dr. Elnashar is the\nrecipient of many awards in research and commercialization from\nAustralia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Egypt. He also received the\nNational 2019 Australian Award for University Teaching. He has six patents and several research articles, books, and book chapters to his credit. His research expertise is\nin preparing\u002Fgrafting hydrogels and nanocomposites for immobilization of enzymes,\nfoods, and drugs.","institutionString":"Curtin University","institution":{"name":"Curtin University","country":{"name":"Australia"}}},{"id":"543482","title":"Prof.","name":"Roshan M.","middleName":"Man","surname":"Bajracharya","slug":"roshan-m.-bajracharya","fullName":"Roshan M. Bajracharya","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F543482\u002F1734031042\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"With a PhD in Soil Science and MSc in Agronomy from Ohio State University, USA, Professor Roshan Man Bajracharya has over 20 years of experience in management and coordination of international collaborative research and capacity building projects with other universities and international organizations. After having worked at Kathmandu University for 16 years, he is currently a Visiting Professor at both Kathmandu and Tribhuvan Universities in Nepal. He has extensive research and teaching experience in the U.S.A., India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Tibet and Bhutan, in the fields of agricultural intensification, soil and water conservation, soil crusting and erosion, land and water management, soil quality, and, carbon dynamics and sequestration in relation to climate change.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"Kathmandu University","country":{"name":"Nepal"}}},{"id":"163777","title":"Dr.","name":"Naofumi","middleName":null,"surname":"Shiomi","slug":"naofumi-shiomi","fullName":"Naofumi Shiomi","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F163777\u002F1722249404\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Dr. Naofumi Shiomi studied recombinant yeast as a researcher at the Laboratory of Production Technology of Kaneka Corporation for 15 years until 1998 and earned his Ph.D. in Engineering from Kyoto University, Japan. He now works as a professor at the School of Human Sciences, Kobe College, Japan, where he teaches applied microbiology, biotechnology, and life science, and studies at his Applied Science laboratories. He has studied bioremediation for 20 years at Kobe College. His research during the last decade has focused on cellular rejuvenation and prevention of metabolic syndrome","institutionString":"Kobe College","institution":{"name":"Kobe College","country":{"name":"Japan"}}},{"id":"479437","title":"Dr.","name":"Engku Azlin Rahayu","middleName":null,"surname":"Engku Ariff","slug":"engku-azlin-rahayu-engku-ariff","fullName":"Engku Azlin Rahayu Engku Ariff","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F479437\u002F1695190886\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.png","biography":"Engku Azlin Rahayu Engku Ariff is currently a senior lecturer in the Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang Branch, Malaysia, and an associate fellow of the Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (IBSD), UiTM. She received an undergraduate degree in Biological Sciences from the Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) with first-class honors. She was awarded a graduate fellowship by UiTM to pursue a Ph.D. program in forest modeling. Specifically, she developed carbon stocks predictive models in rubber trees. She has participated in many conferences and delivered presentations on topics relevant to her area of expertise. Her areas of interest include sustainable development, climate change, environmental issues, biodiversity, and plant physiology.","institutionString":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","institution":{"name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","country":{"name":"Malaysia"}}}]}},"subseries":{"item":{"id":"41","type":"subseries","title":"Water Science","keywords":"Water, Water Resources, Freshwater, Hydrological Processes, Utilization, Protection","scope":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\tWater is not only a crucial substance needed for biological life on Earth, but it is also a basic requirement for the existence and development of the human society. Owing to the importance of water to life on Earth, early researchers conducted numerous studies and analyses on the liquid form of water from the perspectives of chemistry, physics, earth science, and biology, and concluded that Earth is a "water polo".  Water covers approximately 71% of Earth's surface. However, 97.2% of this water is seawater, 21.5% is icebergs and glaciers, and only 0.65% is freshwater that can be used directly by humans. As a result, the amount of water reserves available for human consumption is limited. The development, utilization, and protection of freshwater resources has become the focus of water science research for the continued improvement of human livelihoods and society. \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\tWater exists as solid, liquid, and gas within Earth’s atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Liquid water is used for a variety of purposes besides drinking, including power generation, ecology, landscaping, and shipping. Because water is involved in various environmental hydrological processes as well as numerous aspects of the economy and human society, the study of various phenomena in the hydrosphere, the laws governing their occurrence and development, the relationship between the hydrosphere and other spheres of Earth, and the relationship between water and social development, are all part of water science. Knowledge systems for water science are improving continuously. Water science has become a specialized field concerned with the identification of its physical, chemical, and biological properties. In addition, it reveals the laws of water distribution, movement, and circulation, and proposes methods and tools for water development, utilization, planning, management, and protection. Currently, the field of water science covers research related to topics such as hydrology, water resources and water environment. It also includes research on water related issues such as safety, engineering, economy, law, culture, information, and education.\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E","coverUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.intechopen.com\u002Fseries_topics\u002Fcovers\u002F41.jpg","hasOnlineFirst":true,"hasPublishedBooks":true,"annualVolume":11969,"isSalesforceSubseries":false,"editor":{"id":"349630","title":"Dr.","name":"Yizi","middleName":null,"surname":"Shang","slug":"yizi-shang","fullName":"Yizi Shang","cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F349630\u002F1734441968\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Prof. Dr. Yizi Shang is a pioneering researcher in hydrology and water resources who has devoted his research career to promoting the conservation and protection of water resources for sustainable development. He is presently associate editor of Water International (official journal of the International Water Resources Association). He was also invited to serve as an associate editor for special issues of the Journal of the American Water Resources Association. He has served as an editorial member for international journals such as Hydrology, Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources, and Hydro Science & Marine Engineering, among others. He has chaired or acted as a technical committee member for twenty-five international forums (conferences). Dr. Shang graduated from Tsinghua University, China, in 2010 with a Ph.D. in Engineering. Prior to that, he worked as a research fellow at Harvard University from 2008 to 2009. Dr. Shang serves as a senior research engineer at the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR) and was awarded as a distinguished researcher at National Taiwan University in 2017.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","institutionURL":null,"country":{"name":"China"}}},"editorTwo":null,"editorThree":null,"associateEditorOne":null,"associateEditorTwo":null,"associateEditorThree":null,"series":{"id":"25","title":"Environmental Sciences","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.100362","issn":"2754-6713"},"editorialBoard":[{"id":"216491","title":"Dr.","name":"Charalampos","middleName":null,"surname":"Skoulikaris","slug":"charalampos-skoulikaris","fullName":"Charalampos Skoulikaris","cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F216491\u002F1674728358\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","institutionURL":null,"country":{"name":"Greece"}}},{"id":"300124","title":"Dr.","name":"Thomas","middleName":null,"surname":"Shahady","slug":"thomas-shahady","fullName":"Thomas Shahady","cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F300124\u002F1718799038\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"Lynchburg College","institutionURL":null,"country":{"name":"United States of America"}}}],"_topicEditors":[{"id":"349630","title":"Dr.","name":"Yizi","middleName":null,"surname":"Shang","slug":"yizi-shang","fullName":"Yizi Shang","cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F349630\u002F1734441968\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Prof. Dr. Yizi Shang is a pioneering researcher in hydrology and water resources who has devoted his research career to promoting the conservation and protection of water resources for sustainable development. He is presently associate editor of Water International (official journal of the International Water Resources Association). He was also invited to serve as an associate editor for special issues of the Journal of the American Water Resources Association. He has served as an editorial member for international journals such as Hydrology, Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources, and Hydro Science & Marine Engineering, among others. He has chaired or acted as a technical committee member for twenty-five international forums (conferences). Dr. Shang graduated from Tsinghua University, China, in 2010 with a Ph.D. in Engineering. Prior to that, he worked as a research fellow at Harvard University from 2008 to 2009. Dr. Shang serves as a senior research engineer at the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR) and was awarded as a distinguished researcher at National Taiwan University in 2017.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","institutionURL":null,"country":{"name":"China"}}}],"_associateEditors":[]},"onlineFirstChapters":{"paginationCount":3,"paginationItems":[{"id":"88259","title":"Sea Level Rise and Climate Change - Impacts on African Coastal Systems and Cities","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.113083","signatures":"Bernardino J. Nhantumbo, Olusegun A. Dada and Franck E.K. 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