CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"NRJS-98c4da328252ac2fff4",applicationID:"603784308"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script><meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>Research Archives - The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</title><link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"/><link rel="pingback" href="https://www.unc.edu/xmlrpc.php"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/wp-content/themes/unc/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=jwLzlQrBRl"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/wp-content/themes/unc/assets/images/favicon/favicon-32x32.png?v=jwLzlQrBRl"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/wp-content/themes/unc/assets/images/favicon/favicon-16x16.png?v=jwLzlQrBRl"><link rel="manifest" href="/wp-content/themes/unc/assets/images/favicon/manifest.json?v=jwLzlQrBRl"><link rel="mask-icon" href="/wp-content/themes/unc/assets/images/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg?v=jwLzlQrBRl" color="#4B9CD3"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/wp-content/themes/unc/assets/images/favicon/favicon.ico?v=jwLzlQrBRl"><meta name="msapplication-config" content="/wp-content/themes/unc/assets/images/favicon/browserconfig.xml?v=jwLzlQrBRl"><meta name="theme-color" content="#4b9cd3"><meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1'/><style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.unc.edu/category/research/"/><link rel="next" href="https://www.unc.edu/category/research/page/2/"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:title" content="Research Archives - The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.unc.edu/category/research/"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@unc"/><script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://www.unc.edu/category/research/","url":"https://www.unc.edu/category/research/","name":"Research Archives - The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.unc.edu/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.unc.edu/category/research/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.unc.edu/category/research/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero.jpg","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.unc.edu/category/research/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.unc.edu/category/research/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero.jpg","contentUrl":"https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero.jpg","width":1200,"height":675,"caption":"AEDs are designed to intervene during the critical moments when someone experiences sudden cardiac arrest. (UNC School of Nursing)"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.unc.edu/category/research/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.unc.edu/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Research"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.unc.edu/#website","url":"https://www.unc.edu/","name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","description":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.unc.edu/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.unc.edu/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.unc.edu/#organization","name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","url":"https://www.unc.edu/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.unc.edu/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/logo.svg","contentUrl":"https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/logo.svg","caption":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.unc.edu/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/uncchapelhill/","https://x.com/unc","https://www.instagram.com/uncchapelhill/","https://www.linkedin.com/school/3757","https://pinterest.com/uncchapelhill/","https://www.youtube.com/user/UNCChapelHill"]}]}</script><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.unc.edu'/><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.youtube.com'/><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.typekit.net'/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill » Feed" href="https://www.unc.edu/feed/"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill » Comments Feed" href="https://www.unc.edu/comments/feed/"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill » Research Category Feed" href="https://www.unc.edu/category/research/feed/"/><link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-banner-custom-style-css' href='https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/plugins/unc-cookie-banner/./dist/cookie-banner.css' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.unc.edu/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' type='text/css' media='all'/><style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style><style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='adobe-fonts-css' href='https://use.typekit.net/nrh8rcg.css' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='unc-css-css' href='https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/themes/unc/build/frontend/frontend.css' type='text/css' media='all'/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.unc.edu/wp-json/"/><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.unc.edu/xmlrpc.php?rsd"/><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-BWYTL825SN"></script><script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-BWYTL825SN');</script><script type='text/javascript'> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js?v=next');</script><script type='text/javascript'> var url = window.location.origin + '?ob=open-bridge'; fbq('set', 'openbridge', '553655075018580', url);</script><script type='text/javascript'>fbq('init', '553655075018580', {}, { "agent": "wordpress-6.7.1-4.0.1" })</script><script type='text/javascript'> fbq('track', 'PageView', []);</script><noscript><img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" alt="fbpx" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=553655075018580&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/></noscript><style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> tribe-events-bar { margin-bottom: 90px; } body { background-color:#767676; } header#header .header, #unc-experience-header>.content { background-color:#4b9cd3; } header#header nav#navigation-main-menu ul.menu>li a, header#header nav#navigation-main-menu ul.menu>li button,#unc-experience-header>.content a.begin { font-size:19px; } #unc-experience-header>.menu>ul>li>button, #unc-experience-header>.content, #unc-experience-header>.menu>ul>li>a, #unc-experience-header>.content a.begin { color:#13294b; } #unc-experience-header>.social-icons { background-color: rgba(0,0,0, .6); border-radius: 12px; } @media screen and (min-width: 960px){ header#header #navigation.fixed { background-color:#4b9cd3; border-bottom: 1px solid #fff !important; } header#header #navigation.fixed nav#navigation-main-menu ul.menu>li.menu-depth-0>a, header#header #navigation.fixed nav#navigation-main-menu ul.menu>li.menu-depth-0>button { color:#fff; } header#header #navigation.fixed .menu-logo a { background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/UNCwebsite_textreatment_white.png) center no-repeat; } } div.media .video-controls button.video { color:#000; } footer#footer { background-color:#4b9cd3; } footer#footer ul li.widget a, footer#footer ul li.widget_text div.textwidget p{ color: #000; } @media screen and (max-width: 619px) { header#header nav#navigation-main-menu button#mobile-main-menu, header#header #navigation { background-color:#4b9cd3; } } @media screen and (max-width: 959px){ header#header #navigation, header#header nav#navigation-main-menu, header#header #navigation, header#header nav#navigation-main-menu ul.menu { background-color:#4b9cd3; } #unc-experience-header>.content p, #unc-experience-header > .content a.begin { color:#fff; } header#header nav#navigation-main-menu ul.menu>li a, header#header nav#navigation-main-menu ul.menu>li button { line-height:56px; } } a span.read-more { text-decoration: underline; } a span.read-more:hover, span.read-more:focus { text-decoration: none; } .content h3 a { text-decoration: underline; } .gs-promotion-text-cell { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; }</style><script type="text/javascript"> var MTIProjectId='8836afec-9ea5-4ed1-a2fe-267565f59015'; (function() { var mtiTracking = document.createElement('script'); mtiTracking.type='text/javascript'; mtiTracking.async='true'; mtiTracking.src='/wp-content/themes/unc/src/js/tracking/mtiFontTrackingCode.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild( mtiTracking ); })();</script></head><body class="archive category category-research category-200 wp-custom-logo unc-alerts-banner" data-template="base.twig"><a href="#main" class="skip-link button" role="button">Skip to Main Content</a><div class="outer-container"><header id="header" role="banner"><div class="container"><div class="header"><div class="container"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/logo.svg" class="custom-logo" alt="The University of North Carolina logo with a detail of the Old Well." decoding="async"/></a></div></div><div id="navigation"><div class="container"><nav id="navigation-main-menu" role="navigation" aria-label="Main Menu" data-viewport="960"><h2 class="visually-hidden">Top Level Navigation</h2><button id="mobile-main-menu" class="menu" aria-label="Show Main Menu" aria-expanded="false"><span class="icon"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></button><ul id="menu-main-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-237159" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-237159 menu-depth-0"><a id="menu-item-link-237159" href="https://www.unc.edu/thewell/" data-depth="0">Discover</a></li><li id="menu-item-171" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-171 menu-depth-0"><button id="menu-item-link-171" href="#" data-depth="0">Navigate</button><ul id="submenu-group-171" class="sub-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-link-171"><li><button class="close-sub-menu" aria-label="Back">Navigate</button></li> <li id="menu-item-172" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-172 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-172" href="https://www.unc.edu/about/" data-depth="1">About the University</a><button class="toggle" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="submenu-group-172">Display Sub Menu for About the University</button><ul id="submenu-group-172" class="sub-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-link-172"><li><button class="close-sub-menu" aria-label="Back">About the University</button></li><li id="menu-item-182" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-182 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-182" href="https://www.unc.edu/alumni/" data-depth="2">Alumni</a></li><li id="menu-item-212069" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-212069 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-212069" href="https://www.unc.edu/about/by-the-numbers/" data-depth="2">By the numbers</a></li><li id="menu-item-128389" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-128389 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-128389" href="https://identity.unc.edu/" data-depth="2">Branding and Identity Guidelines<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-162760" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-162760 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-162760" href="http://carolinanext.unc.edu" data-depth="2">Carolina Next<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-57003" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-57003 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-57003" href="http://uncnews.unc.edu/" data-depth="2">For the Media<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-54696" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-54696 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-54696" href="https://www.unc.edu/about/faqs/" data-depth="2">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li id="menu-item-53257" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53257 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-53257" href="https://www.unc.edu/about/history-and-traditions/" data-depth="2">History and Traditions</a></li><li id="menu-item-175" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-175 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-175" href="https://www.unc.edu/about/leadership/" data-depth="2">Leadership</a></li><li id="menu-item-173" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-173 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-173" href="https://www.unc.edu/about/mission/" data-depth="2">Mission & Values</a></li><li id="menu-item-179" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-179 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-179" href="https://www.unc.edu/about/support-the-university/" data-depth="2">Support the University</a></li><li id="menu-item-177" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-177 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-177" href="https://www.unc.edu/social/" data-depth="2">UNC Social Media</a></li><li id="menu-item-78342" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-78342 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-78342" href="https://www.northcarolina.edu/content/our-17-campuses" data-depth="2">UNC System<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-184" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-184 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-184" href="https://www.unc.edu/admissions-aid/" data-depth="1">Admissions and Aid</a></li><li id="menu-item-185" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-185 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-185" href="https://www.unc.edu/academics/" data-depth="1">Academics</a><button class="toggle" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="submenu-group-185">Display Sub Menu for Academics</button><ul id="submenu-group-185" class="sub-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-link-185"><li><button class="close-sub-menu" aria-label="Back">Academics</button></li><li id="menu-item-190" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-190 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-190" href="https://www.unc.edu/academics/academic-calendar-registrar/" data-depth="2">Academic Calendar and Registrar</a></li><li id="menu-item-191" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-191 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-191" href="https://www.unc.edu/academics/academic-enhancements/" data-depth="2">Academic Enhancements</a></li><li id="menu-item-81519" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-81519 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-81519" href="https://www.unc.edu/academics/academic-departments/" data-depth="2">Academic Departments</a></li><li id="menu-item-226843" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-226843 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-226843" href="https://www.unc.edu/academics/digital-and-lifelong-learning/" data-depth="2">Digital and Lifelong Learning</a></li><li id="menu-item-188" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-188 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-188" href="https://lifelonglearning.unc.edu/" data-depth="2">Continuing Education Opportunities<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-192" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-192 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-192" href="https://www.unc.edu/academics/libraries/" data-depth="2">Libraries</a></li><li id="menu-item-217544" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-217544 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-217544" href="https://www.unc.edu/a-z/" data-depth="2">Programs and Curricula</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-222592" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-222592 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-222592" href="https://www.unc.edu/about/accessibility/" data-depth="1">Accessibility</a></li><li id="menu-item-198" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-198 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-198" href="https://www.unc.edu/arts/" data-depth="1">Arts and Culture</a></li><li id="menu-item-202" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-202 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-202" href="https://www.unc.edu/athletics/" data-depth="1">Athletics</a><button class="toggle" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="submenu-group-202">Display Sub Menu for Athletics</button><ul id="submenu-group-202" class="sub-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-link-202"><li><button class="close-sub-menu" aria-label="Back">Athletics</button></li><li id="menu-item-235" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-235 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-235" href="http://www.goheels.com/" data-depth="2">GoHeels.com<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-238" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-238 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-238" href="http://campusrec.unc.edu/" data-depth="2">Campus Recreation<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-237" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-237 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-237" href="https://campusrec.unc.edu/programs/intramuralsports/" data-depth="2">Intramurals<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-236" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-236 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-236" href="http://campusrec.unc.edu/programs/sport-clubs/" data-depth="2">Sports Clubs<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-181" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-181 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-181" href="https://www.unc.edu/visitors/" data-depth="1">Come Visit Us</a></li><li id="menu-item-209" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-209 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-209" href="https://www.unc.edu/diversity/" data-depth="1">Diversity and Inclusion</a></li><li id="menu-item-78336" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-78336 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-78336" href="https://global.unc.edu/" data-depth="1">Global<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-211767" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-211767 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-211767" href="https://www.unc.edu/innovation/" data-depth="1">Innovation and Economic Development</a></li><li id="menu-item-203" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-203 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-203" href="https://www.unc.edu/life/" data-depth="1">Life at Carolina</a><button class="toggle" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="submenu-group-203">Display Sub Menu for Life at Carolina</button><ul id="submenu-group-203" class="sub-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-link-203"><li><button class="close-sub-menu" aria-label="Back">Life at Carolina</button></li><li id="menu-item-204" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-204 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-204" href="https://www.unc.edu/life/about-the-city/" data-depth="2">About the Town</a></li><li id="menu-item-207" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-207 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-207" href="https://www.unc.edu/life/campus-recreation/" data-depth="2">Campus Recreation</a></li><li id="menu-item-205" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-205 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-205" href="https://www.unc.edu/life/housing/" data-depth="2">Carolina Housing</a></li><li id="menu-item-55174" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-55174 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-55174" href="https://carolinaunion.unc.edu/" data-depth="2">Carolina Union<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-208" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-208 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-208" href="https://www.unc.edu/life/community-public-service/" data-depth="2">Community and Public Service</a></li><li id="menu-item-206" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-206 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-206" href="https://www.unc.edu/life/health-wellness/" data-depth="2">Health & Wellness</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-183" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-183 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-183" href="https://unc.edu/thewell" data-depth="1">News and Updates<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a><button class="toggle" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="submenu-group-183">Display Sub Menu for News and Updates</button><ul id="submenu-group-183" class="sub-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-link-183"><li><button class="close-sub-menu" aria-label="Back">News and Updates</button></li><li id="menu-item-51886" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-51886 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-51886" href="https://www.unc.edu/category/academics/" data-depth="2">Academics</a></li><li id="menu-item-51887" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-51887 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-51887" href="https://www.unc.edu/category/around-campus/" data-depth="2">Around Campus</a></li><li id="menu-item-51888" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-51888 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-51888" href="https://www.unc.edu/category/arts-humanities/" data-depth="2">Arts & Humanities</a></li><li id="menu-item-54596" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54596 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-54596" href="https://www.unc.edu/category/athletics/" data-depth="2">Athletics</a></li><li id="menu-item-169352" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-169352 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-169352" href="https://www.unc.edu/events/" data-depth="2">Events Calendar</a></li><li id="menu-item-51889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-51889 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-51889" href="https://www.unc.edu/category/global/" data-depth="2">Global</a></li><li id="menu-item-54598" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54598 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-54598" href="https://www.unc.edu/category/health-medicine/" data-depth="2">Health & Medicine</a></li><li id="menu-item-54608" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54608 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-54608" href="https://www.unc.edu/category/innovation-entrepreneurship/" data-depth="2">Innovation & Entrepreneurship</a></li><li id="menu-item-75520" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-75520 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-75520" href="https://www.unc.edu/category/news/" data-depth="2">University News</a></li><li id="menu-item-54599" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item menu-item-54599 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-54599" href="https://www.unc.edu/category/research/" data-depth="2">Research</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-194" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-194 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-194" href="https://www.unc.edu/research-innovation/" data-depth="1">Research</a></li><li id="menu-item-193" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-193 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-193" href="https://www.unc.edu/schools/" data-depth="1">Schools</a><button class="toggle" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="submenu-group-193">Display Sub Menu for Schools</button><ul id="submenu-group-193" class="sub-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-link-193"><li><button class="close-sub-menu" aria-label="Back">Schools</button></li><li id="menu-item-6639" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-6639 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-6639" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/college-of-arts-sciences/" data-depth="2">College of Arts and Sciences</a></li><li id="menu-item-6640" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-6640 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-6640" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/dentistry/" data-depth="2">Adams School of Dentistry</a></li><li id="menu-item-230769" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-230769 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-230769" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/school-of-data-science-and-society/" data-depth="2">Data Science and Society</a></li><li id="menu-item-6641" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-6641 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-6641" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/school-of-education/" data-depth="2">Education</a></li><li id="menu-item-6642" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-6642 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-6642" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/eshelman-school-of-pharmacy/" data-depth="2">Eshelman School of Pharmacy</a></li><li id="menu-item-6644" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-6644 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-6644" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/gillings-school-of-global-public-health/" data-depth="2">Gillings School of Global Public Health</a></li><li id="menu-item-6645" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-6645 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-6645" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/government/" data-depth="2">School of Government</a></li><li id="menu-item-6646" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-6646 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-6646" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/graduate-school/" data-depth="2">The Graduate School</a></li><li id="menu-item-6650" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-6650 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-6650" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/hussman-school/" data-depth="2">Hussman School of Journalism and Media</a></li><li id="menu-item-6647" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-6647 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-6647" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/information-library-science/" data-depth="2">Information & Library Science</a></li><li id="menu-item-6649" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-6649 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-6649" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/law/" data-depth="2">Law</a></li><li id="menu-item-6648" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-6648 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-6648" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/kenan-flagler-business-school/" data-depth="2">Kenan-Flagler Business School</a></li><li id="menu-item-6651" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-6651 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-6651" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/medicine/" data-depth="2">Medicine</a></li><li id="menu-item-6652" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-6652 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-6652" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/nursing/" data-depth="2">Nursing</a></li><li id="menu-item-6653" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-school menu-item-6653 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-6653" href="https://www.unc.edu/school/social-work/" data-depth="2">Social Work</a></li><li id="menu-item-189" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-189 menu-depth-2"><a id="menu-item-link-189" href="https://www.unc.edu/academics/summer-school/" data-depth="2">Summer School</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-234" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-234 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-234" href="https://www.unchealthcare.org/" data-depth="1">UNC Health<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-229705" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-229705 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-229705" href="https://giveto.unc.edu/" data-depth="1">University Development<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-151310" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-151310 menu-depth-1"><a id="menu-item-link-151310" href="https://hr.unc.edu/" data-depth="1">Working at Carolina<span class="external-link">Opens in new site</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-56035" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-56035 menu-depth-0"><button id="menu-item-link-56035" href="#" data-depth="0">Search</button></li></ul><div class="menu-logo"><a href="https://www.unc.edu" rel="home"> The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a></div><button id="main-menu-close" class="close">Hide Main Navigation Menu</button><aside id="sticky"><h3 class="title">Featured</h3><ul class="posts"><li class="item-1 post-250733 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-around-campus collection-the-well"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/posts/2024/11/22/cookbook-collection-serves-up-food-for-thought/"><div class="image"><img src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CookbooksHERO1-250x141.jpg" width="250" height="141" srcset="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CookbooksHERO1-250x141.jpg 250w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CookbooksHERO1-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CookbooksHERO1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CookbooksHERO1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CookbooksHERO1.jpg 1200w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CookbooksHERO1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CookbooksHERO1-600x338.jpg 600w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CookbooksHERO1-550x310.jpg 550w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CookbooksHERO1-450x253.jpg 450w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CookbooksHERO1-350x196.jpg 350w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CookbooksHERO1-200x112.jpg 200w" alt=""/></div><div class="content">Cookbook collection serves up food for thought</div></a></li><li class="item-2 post-250723 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-local-state category-public-service category-research category-school-of-nursing collection-the-well"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/posts/2024/11/21/nursing-research-leads-to-aeds-in-chapel-hill-parks/"><div class="image"><img src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-250x141.jpg" width="250" height="141" srcset="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-250x141.jpg 250w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero.jpg 1200w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-600x338.jpg 600w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-550x310.jpg 550w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-450x253.jpg 450w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-350x196.jpg 350w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-200x112.jpg 200w" alt=""/></div><div class="content">Nursing research leads to AEDs in Chapel Hill parks</div></a></li></ul></aside></nav><nav id="navigation-section-menu" role="navigation" aria-label="Sections Menu"><button id="section-menu" class="menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Display Today at Carolina Menu">News and Updates</button><ul id="menu-news-and-updates" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-51856" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-51856"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/category/academics/">Academics</a></li><li id="menu-item-54600" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54600"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/category/around-campus/">Around Campus</a></li><li id="menu-item-54602" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54602"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/category/arts-humanities/">Arts & Humanities</a></li><li id="menu-item-51858" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-51858"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/category/athletics/">Athletics</a></li><li id="menu-item-51855" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-51855"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/events/">Events Calendar</a></li><li id="menu-item-54603" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54603"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/category/global/">Global</a></li><li id="menu-item-51860" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-51860"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/category/health-medicine/">Health & Medicine</a></li><li id="menu-item-54606" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-54606"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/category/innovation-entrepreneurship/">Innovation & Entrepreneurship</a></li><li id="menu-item-75521" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-75521"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/category/news/">University News</a></li><li id="menu-item-51861" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item menu-item-51861"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/category/research/" aria-current="page">Research</a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="search-overlay" id="search-overlay"><div class="container content_module search"><nav class="search-nav"><ul><li><a href="#" class="active">Search</a></li><li class="chapters-nav-item"><a href="https://dir.itsapps.unc.edu/"> People<span class="external-link">Opens in new window</span></a></li><li class="chapters-nav-item"><a href="https://maps.unc.edu/"> Places<span class="external-link">Opens in new window</span></a></li></ul></nav><div class="search-container"><div class="gsc-control-cse gsc-control-cse-en"><form action="/search" method="get"><table class="gsc-search-box"><tbody><tr><td class="gcs-input"><label for="unc-search" class="visually-hidden">Search UNC.edu</label><input class="unc-search" autocomplete="off" type="text" size="10" class="gsc-input" name="term" title="search" id="gsc-i-id1" dir="ltr" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Search UNC.edu" style="outline: none; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 0px;"></td><td class="gsc-search-button"><input type="submit" value="Search" class="gsc-search-button" title="search"></td><td class="gsc-clear-button"><div class="gsc-clear-button" title="clear results"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></form></div><div class="search-faq"></div></div></div></div></div></div></header><main id="main"><section class="taxonomy"><header><h1>Research</h1></header><section class="top-level"><section class="latest-post"><article class="item-1 post-250723 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-local-state category-public-service category-research category-school-of-nursing collection-the-well"><div class="image"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/posts/2024/11/21/nursing-research-leads-to-aeds-in-chapel-hill-parks/" tabindex="-1"><img src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero.jpg" width="1200" height="675" srcset="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero.jpg 1200w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-600x338.jpg 600w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-550x310.jpg 550w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-450x253.jpg 450w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-350x196.jpg 350w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-250x141.jpg 250w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AED-hero-200x112.jpg 200w" alt=""/></a></div><div class="content"><header><h3><a href="https://www.unc.edu/posts/2024/11/21/nursing-research-leads-to-aeds-in-chapel-hill-parks/"> Nursing research leads to AEDs in Chapel Hill parks</a></h3></header><p>Two emergencies and advocacy by a Carolina nurse scientist sparked 24/7 outdoor access to lifesaving defibrillators.</p></div></article></section></section><section class="sections latest-posts infinite-scroll" data-auto-trigger="1" data-auto-trigger-until="2" data-aria-label="Loading..." data-content-selector="div.taxonomy-latest-posts" data-debug="1" data-next-selector="a.next" data-prev-selector="a.prev"><header class="top-level"><h2 class="blue-bar">The Latest</h2></header><div class="taxonomy-latest-posts"><ul class="posts"><li class="item-1 post-250481 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-health-medicine category-research collection-the-well schools-category-school-of-medicine"><div class="image"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/posts/2024/11/13/11m-federal-contract-to-strengthen-health-care-training-programs/" tabindex="-1"><img src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ShepsHERO2.jpg" width="1200" height="675" srcset="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ShepsHERO2.jpg 1200w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ShepsHERO2-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ShepsHERO2-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ShepsHERO2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ShepsHERO2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ShepsHERO2-600x338.jpg 600w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ShepsHERO2-550x310.jpg 550w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ShepsHERO2-450x253.jpg 450w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ShepsHERO2-350x196.jpg 350w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ShepsHERO2-250x141.jpg 250w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ShepsHERO2-200x112.jpg 200w" alt="Close up shot of a lab coat and stethoscope."/></a></div><div class="content"><header><h3><a href="https://www.unc.edu/posts/2024/11/13/11m-federal-contract-to-strengthen-health-care-training-programs/"> $11M federal contract to strengthen health care training programs</a></h3></header><p>The funding will expand UNC-Chapel Hill initiatives to improve North Carolinians’ access to care in underserved areas.</p></div></li><li class="item-2 post-250451 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-academics category-research category-school-of-data-science-and-society collection-the-well schools-category-school-of-data-science-and-society"><div class="image"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/posts/2024/11/12/a-mathematical-biologist-walks-up-to-a-farmer/" tabindex="-1"><img src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HERO-Mathematicalbiology.png" width="1200" height="675" srcset="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HERO-Mathematicalbiology.png 1200w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HERO-Mathematicalbiology-300x169.png 300w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HERO-Mathematicalbiology-1024x576.png 1024w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HERO-Mathematicalbiology-768x432.png 768w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HERO-Mathematicalbiology-800x450.png 800w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HERO-Mathematicalbiology-600x338.png 600w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HERO-Mathematicalbiology-550x310.png 550w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HERO-Mathematicalbiology-450x253.png 450w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HERO-Mathematicalbiology-350x196.png 350w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HERO-Mathematicalbiology-250x141.png 250w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HERO-Mathematicalbiology-200x112.png 200w" alt="Alex McAvoy, Santiago Olivella and Harlin Lee"/></a></div><div class="content"><header><h3><a href="https://www.unc.edu/posts/2024/11/12/a-mathematical-biologist-walks-up-to-a-farmer/"> ‘A mathematical biologist walks up to a farmer’</a></h3></header><p>No joke, faculty at the UNC School of Data Science and Society talk about the real-world impact of their subject.</p></div></li><li class="item-3 post-250116 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-academics category-learn-more category-research collection-the-well"><div class="image"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/posts/2024/11/05/undergraduates-can-do-research/" tabindex="-1"><img src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OUR101HERO.png" width="1200" height="675" srcset="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OUR101HERO.png 1200w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OUR101HERO-300x169.png 300w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OUR101HERO-1024x576.png 1024w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OUR101HERO-768x432.png 768w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OUR101HERO-800x450.png 800w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OUR101HERO-600x338.png 600w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OUR101HERO-550x310.png 550w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OUR101HERO-450x253.png 450w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OUR101HERO-350x196.png 350w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OUR101HERO-250x141.png 250w, https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OUR101HERO-200x112.png 200w" alt="Group of UNC-Chapel Hill students at a research fair attending a demonstration by two professors who conduct fluid research."/></a></div><div class="content"><header><h3><a href="https://www.unc.edu/posts/2024/11/05/undergraduates-can-do-research/"> Undergraduates can do research</a></h3></header><p>Here are four tips on how to get started from Carolina’s undergraduate research director and four students.</p></div></li></ul><footer class="pagination"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/category/research/page/2/" class="next button" rel="next" role="button"> Load More</a></footer></div></section></section></main><footer id="footer"><div class="container"><ul><li class="widget widget_unc_customizer_logo"><a href="https://www.unc.edu"><img src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/logo.svg" alt="The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill logo" class="svgxml"/></a></li><li id="nav_menu-2" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><div class="menu-footer-menu-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-224" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-224"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/about/accessibility/" name="accessibility-target" id="accessibility-target">Accessibility</a></li><li id="menu-item-219" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-219"><a href="https://alertcarolina.unc.edu/">Alert Carolina</a></li><li id="menu-item-168197" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-168197"><a href="https://alumni.unc.edu">Alumni</a></li><li id="menu-item-54423" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-54423"><a href="http://connectcarolina.unc.edu">ConnectCarolina</a></li><li id="menu-item-221" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-221"><a href="https://maps.unc.edu/">Campus Map</a></li><li id="menu-item-225" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-225"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/about/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li><li id="menu-item-220" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-220"><a href="https://hr.unc.edu/careers/">Careers</a></li><li id="menu-item-217" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-217"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/a-z/">Departments A – Z</a></li><li id="menu-item-59847" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-59847"><a href="https://ethicspolicy.unc.edu/">Ethics and Policy</a></li><li id="menu-item-81134" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-81134"><a href="http://uncnews.unc.edu/">For the Media</a></li><li id="menu-item-85185" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-85185"><a href="https://library.unc.edu/">Libraries</a></li><li id="menu-item-218" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218"><a href="https://dir.unc.edu/">People Directory</a></li><li id="menu-item-223" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-223"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/about/privacy-statement/">Privacy Statement</a></li><li id="menu-item-78577" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-78577"><a href="https://unc.bncollege.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/BNCBHomePage?storeId=88196&catalogId=10001&langId=-1">UNC Student Stores</a></li><li id="menu-item-151499" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-151499"><a href="https://thewell.unc.edu/">The Well</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="widget widget_unc_social_media_links"><nav><ul><li class="facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/uncchapelhill/" target="_blank" class="facebook"> Facebook</a></li><li class="twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/unc" target="_blank" class="twitter"> Twitter</a></li><li class="youtube"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/UNCChapelHill" target="_blank" class="youtube"> YouTube</a></li><li class="instagram"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/uncchapelhill/" target="_blank" class="instagram"> Instagram</a></li><li class="pinterest"><a href="https://pinterest.com/uncchapelhill/" target="_blank" class="pinterest"> Pinterest</a></li></ul></li></nav><li id="text-3" class="widget widget_text"><div class="textwidget"><p>© 2024 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</p></div></li></ul></div></footer><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { var sz = document.createElement('script'); sz.type = 'text/javascript'; sz.async = true; sz.src = '//siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_35044.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(sz, s); })(); /*]]>*/</script><script type='text/javascript'> document.addEventListener( 'wpcf7mailsent', function( event ) { if( "fb_pxl_code" in event.detail.apiResponse){ eval(event.detail.apiResponse.fb_pxl_code); } }, false );</script><div id='fb-pxl-ajax-code'></div><div id="has-highlight-and-share"><div class="highlight-and-share-wrapper theme-default orientation-horizontal show-has-labels"><style>.highlight-and-share-wrapper div.has-tooltip:hover:after { background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; }</style><div class="has_twitter has-tooltip" style="display: none;" data-type="twitter" data-tooltip="Share on X"><a href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?via=%username%&url=%url%&text=%prefix%%text%%suffix%&hashtags=%hashtags%" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><svg class="has-icon"><use xlink:href="#has-twitter-icon"></use></svg><span class="has-text"> Share This</span></a></div><div class="has_facebook has-tooltip" style="display: none;" data-type="facebook" data-tooltip="Share on Facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=%url%&t=%title%" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><svg class="has-icon"><use xlink:href="#has-facebook-icon"></use></svg><span class="has-text"> Facebook</span></a></div><div class="has_linkedin has-tooltip" style="display: none;" data-type="linkedin" data-tooltip="Share on LinkedIn"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?mini=true&url=%url%&title=%title%" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><svg class="has-icon"><use xlink:href="#has-linkedin-icon"></use></svg><span class="has-text"> LinkedIn</span></a></div><div class="has_email has_email_form has-tooltip" style="display: none;" data-type="email" data-title="%title%" data-url="%url%" data-tooltip="Share via email"><a href="https://www.unc.edu/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=has_email_social_modal&permalink=%url%&nonce=0c4a2d0554&text=%prefix%%text%%suffix%&post_id=0&type=%type%" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><svg class="has-icon"><use xlink:href="#has-email-icon"></use></svg><span class="has-text"> Email</span></a></div></div></div><svg width="0" height="0" class="hidden" style="display: none;"><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="twitter" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" id="has-twitter-icon"><g><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></g></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="facebook" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512" id="has-facebook-icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z"></path></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="at" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" id="has-email-icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 8C118.941 8 8 118.919 8 256c0 137.059 110.919 248 248 248 48.154 0 95.342-14.14 135.408-40.223 12.005-7.815 14.625-24.288 5.552-35.372l-10.177-12.433c-7.671-9.371-21.179-11.667-31.373-5.129C325.92 429.757 291.314 440 256 440c-101.458 0-184-82.542-184-184S154.542 72 256 72c100.139 0 184 57.619 184 160 0 38.786-21.093 79.742-58.17 83.693-17.349-.454-16.91-12.857-13.476-30.024l23.433-121.11C394.653 149.75 383.308 136 368.225 136h-44.981a13.518 13.518 0 0 0-13.432 11.993l-.01.092c-14.697-17.901-40.448-21.775-59.971-21.775-74.58 0-137.831 62.234-137.831 151.46 0 65.303 36.785 105.87 96 105.87 26.984 0 57.369-15.637 74.991-38.333 9.522 34.104 40.613 34.103 70.71 34.103C462.609 379.41 504 307.798 504 232 504 95.653 394.023 8 256 8zm-21.68 304.43c-22.249 0-36.07-15.623-36.07-40.771 0-44.993 30.779-72.729 58.63-72.729 22.292 0 35.601 15.241 35.601 40.77 0 45.061-33.875 72.73-58.161 72.73z"></path></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="linkedin" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" id="has-linkedin-icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z"></path></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="xing" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512" id="has-xing-icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M162.7 210c-1.8 3.3-25.2 44.4-70.1 123.5-4.9 8.3-10.8 12.5-17.7 12.5H9.8c-7.7 0-12.1-7.5-8.5-14.4l69-121.3c.2 0 .2-.1 0-.3l-43.9-75.6c-4.3-7.8.3-14.1 8.5-14.1H100c7.3 0 13.3 4.1 18 12.2l44.7 77.5zM382.6 46.1l-144 253v.3L330.2 466c3.9 7.1.2 14.1-8.5 14.1h-65.2c-7.6 0-13.6-4-18-12.2l-92.4-168.5c3.3-5.8 51.5-90.8 144.8-255.2 4.6-8.1 10.4-12.2 17.5-12.2h65.7c8 0 12.3 6.7 8.5 14.1z"></path></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="whatsapp" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" id="has-whatsapp-icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M380.9 97.1C339 55.1 283.2 32 223.9 32c-122.4 0-222 99.6-222 222 0 39.1 10.2 77.3 29.6 111L0 480l117.7-30.9c32.4 17.7 68.9 27 106.1 27h.1c122.3 0 224.1-99.6 224.1-222 0-59.3-25.2-115-67.1-157zm-157 341.6c-33.2 0-65.7-8.9-94-25.7l-6.7-4-69.8 18.3L72 359.2l-4.4-7c-18.5-29.4-28.2-63.3-28.2-98.2 0-101.7 82.8-184.5 184.6-184.5 49.3 0 95.6 19.2 130.4 54.1 34.8 34.9 56.2 81.2 56.1 130.5 0 101.8-84.9 184.6-186.6 184.6zm101.2-138.2c-5.5-2.8-32.8-16.2-37.9-18-5.1-1.9-8.8-2.8-12.5 2.8-3.7 5.6-14.3 18-17.6 21.8-3.2 3.7-6.5 4.2-12 1.4-32.6-16.3-54-29.1-75.5-66-5.7-9.8 5.7-9.1 16.3-30.3 1.8-3.7.9-6.9-.5-9.7-1.4-2.8-12.5-30.1-17.1-41.2-4.5-10.8-9.1-9.3-12.5-9.5-3.2-.2-6.9-.2-10.6-.2-3.7 0-9.7 1.4-14.8 6.9-5.1 5.6-19.4 19-19.4 46.3 0 27.3 19.9 53.7 22.6 57.4 2.8 3.7 39.1 59.7 94.8 83.8 35.2 15.2 49 16.5 66.6 13.9 10.7-1.6 32.8-13.4 37.4-26.4 4.6-13 4.6-24.1 3.2-26.4-1.3-2.5-5-3.9-10.5-6.6z"></path></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="copy" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" id="has-copy-icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="share" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" id="has-share-icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M352 320c-22.608 0-43.387 7.819-59.79 20.895l-102.486-64.054a96.551 96.551 0 0 0 0-41.683l102.486-64.054C308.613 184.181 329.392 192 352 192c53.019 0 96-42.981 96-96S405.019 0 352 0s-96 42.981-96 96c0 7.158.79 14.13 2.276 20.841L155.79 180.895C139.387 167.819 118.608 160 96 160c-53.019 0-96 42.981-96 96s42.981 96 96 96c22.608 0 43.387-7.819 59.79-20.895l102.486 64.054A96.301 96.301 0 0 0 256 416c0 53.019 42.981 96 96 96s96-42.981 96-96-42.981-96-96-96z"></path></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="reddit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" id="has-reddit-icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M440.3 203.5c-15 0-28.2 6.2-37.9 15.9-35.7-24.7-83.8-40.6-137.1-42.3L293 52.3l88.2 19.8c0 21.6 17.6 39.2 39.2 39.2 22 0 39.7-18.1 39.7-39.7s-17.6-39.7-39.7-39.7c-15.4 0-28.7 9.3-35.3 22l-97.4-21.6c-4.9-1.3-9.7 2.2-11 7.1L246.3 177c-52.9 2.2-100.5 18.1-136.3 42.8-9.7-10.1-23.4-16.3-38.4-16.3-55.6 0-73.8 74.6-22.9 100.1-1.8 7.9-2.6 16.3-2.6 24.7 0 83.8 94.4 151.7 210.3 151.7 116.4 0 210.8-67.9 210.8-151.7 0-8.4-.9-17.2-3.1-25.1 49.9-25.6 31.5-99.7-23.8-99.7zM129.4 308.9c0-22 17.6-39.7 39.7-39.7 21.6 0 39.2 17.6 39.2 39.7 0 21.6-17.6 39.2-39.2 39.2-22 .1-39.7-17.6-39.7-39.2zm214.3 93.5c-36.4 36.4-139.1 36.4-175.5 0-4-3.5-4-9.7 0-13.7 3.5-3.5 9.7-3.5 13.2 0 27.8 28.5 120 29 149 0 3.5-3.5 9.7-3.5 13.2 0 4.1 4 4.1 10.2.1 13.7zm-.8-54.2c-21.6 0-39.2-17.6-39.2-39.2 0-22 17.6-39.7 39.2-39.7 22 0 39.7 17.6 39.7 39.7-.1 21.5-17.7 39.2-39.7 39.2z"></path></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="telegram" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" id="has-telegram-icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M446.7 98.6l-67.6 318.8c-5.1 22.5-18.4 28.1-37.3 17.5l-103-75.9-49.7 47.8c-5.5 5.5-10.1 10.1-20.7 10.1l7.4-104.9 190.9-172.5c8.3-7.4-1.8-11.5-12.9-4.1L117.8 284 16.2 252.2c-22.1-6.9-22.5-22.1 4.6-32.7L418.2 66.4c18.4-6.9 34.5 4.1 28.5 32.2z"></path></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="signal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 256 256" id="has-signal-icon"><g><path d="M97.2800192,3.739673 L100.160021,15.3787704 C88.8306631,18.1647705 77.9879854,22.6484879 68.0000023,28.6777391 L61.8399988,18.3985363 C72.8467373,11.7537029 84.7951803,6.81153332 97.2800192,3.739673 Z M158.720055,3.739673 L155.840053,15.3787704 C167.169411,18.1647705 178.012089,22.6484879 188.000072,28.6777391 L194.200075,18.3985363 C183.180932,11.7499974 171.218739,6.80771878 158.720055,3.739673 L158.720055,3.739673 Z M18.3999736,61.8351679 C11.7546212,72.8410466 6.81206547,84.7885562 3.73996516,97.2724198 L15.3799719,100.152197 C18.1661896,88.8237238 22.6502573,77.981893 28.6799796,67.9946902 L18.3999736,61.8351679 Z M11.9999699,127.990038 C11.9961044,122.172725 12.4306685,116.363392 13.2999707,110.611385 L1.43996383,108.811525 C-0.479938607,121.525138 -0.479938607,134.454937 1.43996383,147.168551 L13.2999707,145.36869 C12.4306685,139.616684 11.9961044,133.807351 11.9999699,127.990038 L11.9999699,127.990038 Z M194.160075,237.581539 L188.000072,227.302336 C178.024494,233.327885 167.195565,237.811494 155.880053,240.601305 L158.760055,252.240403 C171.231048,249.164732 183.165742,244.222671 194.160075,237.581539 L194.160075,237.581539 Z M244.000104,127.990038 C244.00397,133.807351 243.569406,139.616684 242.700103,145.36869 L254.56011,147.168551 C256.480013,134.454937 256.480013,121.525138 254.56011,108.811525 L242.700103,110.611385 C243.569406,116.363392 244.00397,122.172725 244.000104,127.990038 Z M252.260109,158.707656 L240.620102,155.827879 C237.833884,167.156352 233.349817,177.998183 227.320094,187.985385 L237.6001,194.184905 C244.249159,183.166622 249.191823,171.205364 252.260109,158.707656 L252.260109,158.707656 Z M145.380047,242.701142 C133.858209,244.43447 122.141865,244.43447 110.620027,242.701142 L108.820026,254.560223 C121.534632,256.479975 134.465442,256.479975 147.180048,254.560223 L145.380047,242.701142 Z M221.380091,196.804701 C214.461479,206.174141 206.175877,214.452354 196.800077,221.362797 L203.920081,231.022048 C214.262958,223.418011 223.404944,214.303705 231.040097,203.984145 L221.380091,196.804701 Z M196.800077,34.6172785 C206.177345,41.5338058 214.463023,49.8188367 221.380091,59.1953726 L231.040097,51.9959309 C223.429284,41.6822474 214.31457,32.5682452 204.000081,24.9580276 L196.800077,34.6172785 Z M34.619983,59.1953726 C41.5370506,49.8188367 49.8227288,41.5338058 59.1999972,34.6172785 L51.9999931,24.9580276 C41.6855038,32.5682452 32.5707896,41.6822474 24.9599774,51.9959309 L34.619983,59.1953726 Z M237.6001,61.8351679 L227.320094,67.9946902 C233.346114,77.969489 237.830073,88.7975718 240.620102,100.1122 L252.260109,97.2324229 C249.184198,84.7624043 244.241751,72.8286423 237.6001,61.8351679 L237.6001,61.8351679 Z M110.620027,13.2989317 C122.141865,11.5656035 133.858209,11.5656035 145.380047,13.2989317 L147.180048,1.43985134 C134.465442,-0.479901112 121.534632,-0.479901112 108.820026,1.43985134 L110.620027,13.2989317 Z M40.7799866,234.201801 L15.9999722,239.981353 L21.7799756,215.203275 L10.0999688,212.463487 L4.3199655,237.241566 C3.3734444,241.28318 4.58320332,245.526897 7.51859925,248.462064 C10.4539952,251.39723 14.6980441,252.606895 18.7399738,251.660448 L43.4999881,245.980888 L40.7799866,234.201801 Z M12.5999703,201.764317 L24.279977,204.484106 L28.2799793,187.305438 C22.4496684,177.507146 18.1025197,166.899584 15.3799719,155.827879 L3.73996516,158.707656 C6.34937618,169.311891 10.3154147,179.535405 15.539972,189.125297 L12.5999703,201.764317 Z M68.6000027,227.762301 L51.4199927,231.761991 L54.1399943,243.441085 L66.7800016,240.501313 C76.3706428,245.725462 86.5949557,249.691191 97.2000192,252.300398 L100.080021,240.6613 C89.0307035,237.906432 78.4495684,233.532789 68.6800027,227.682307 L68.6000027,227.762301 Z M128.000037,23.9980665 C90.1565244,24.0177003 55.3105242,44.590631 37.01511,77.715217 C18.7196958,110.839803 19.8628631,151.287212 39.9999861,183.325747 L29.9999803,225.982439 L72.660005,215.983214 C110.077932,239.548522 158.307237,236.876754 192.892851,209.322653 C227.478464,181.768552 240.856271,135.358391 226.242944,93.6248278 C211.629616,51.8912646 172.221191,23.9617202 128.000037,23.9980665 Z" fill="currentColor"></path></g></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="ok" data-icon="logo" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" id="has-ok-icon"><g><path fill="currentColor" d="M357.1,324.5c-24.1,15.3-57.2,21.4-79.1,23.6l18.4,18.1l67,67c24.5,25.1-15.4,64.4-40.2,40.2c-16.8-17-41.4-41.6-67-67.3 l-67,67.2c-24.8,24.2-64.7-15.5-39.9-40.2c17-17,41.4-41.6,67-67l18.1-18.1c-21.6-2.3-55.3-8-79.6-23.6 c-28.6-18.5-41.2-29.3-30.1-51.8c6.5-12.8,24.3-23.6,48-5c0,0,31.9,25.4,83.4,25.4s83.4-25.4,83.4-25.4c23.6-18.5,41.4-7.8,48,5 C398.3,295.1,385.7,305.9,357.1,324.5L357.1,324.5z M142,145c0-63,51.2-114,114-114s114,51,114,114c0,62.7-51.2,113.7-114,113.7 S142,207.7,142,145L142,145z M200,145c0,30.8,25.1,56,56,56s56-25.1,56-56c0-31.1-25.1-56.2-56-56.2S200,113.9,200,145z"/></g></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="vk" data-icon="logo" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 700 700" id="has-vk-icon"><g style="fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd" transform="translate(0,664)"><path fill="currentColor" d="m 1073.3513,-606.40537 h 196.278 c 179.2103,0 221.8795,42.66915 221.8795,221.8795 v 196.27799 c 0,179.2103512 -42.6692,221.879451 -221.8795,221.879451 h -196.278 c -179.21038,0 -221.87951,-42.6691298 -221.87951,-221.879451 v -196.27801 c 0,-179.21035 42.66913,-221.87946 221.87951,-221.87948 z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="m 1375.0576,-393.98425 c 2.9513,-9.7072 0,-16.85429 -14.1342,-16.85429 h -46.6693 c -11.8763,0 -17.3521,6.16927 -20.3212,12.97854 0,0 -23.7347,56.82106 -57.3544,93.74763 -10.8806,10.66728 -15.8232,14.08081 -21.7613,14.08081 -2.969,0 -7.2715,-3.39577 -7.2715,-13.12075 v -90.83194 c 0,-11.66288 -3.4491,-16.85429 -13.3341,-16.85429 h -73.3553 c -7.4138,0 -11.8763,5.40476 -11.8763,10.54286 0,11.0406 16.8188,13.60078 18.5433,44.67814 v 67.52388 c 0,14.80973 -2.7202,17.49433 -8.6583,17.49433 -15.8231,0 -54.3143,-57.08773 -77.16,-122.40705 -4.4447,-12.71185 -8.9427,-17.83214 -20.8723,-17.83214 h -46.68718 c -13.3341,0 -16.0009,6.16925 -16.0009,12.97852 0,12.12515 15.8232,72.35973 73.69318,152.02656 38.58,54.40315 92.8942,83.89819 142.3726,83.89819 29.6729,0 33.3353,-6.54262 33.3353,-17.83216 v -41.12238 c 0,-13.10297 2.809,-15.71646 12.214,-15.71646 6.9338,0 18.7922,3.41353 46.4916,29.63728 31.6463,31.09512 36.8555,45.03372 54.6698,45.03372 h 46.6694 c 13.3341,0 20.0189,-6.54262 16.1787,-19.46781 -4.2313,-12.88962 -19.3433,-31.57515 -39.38,-53.74532 -10.8807,-12.62294 -27.2016,-26.22375 -32.1441,-33.03302 -6.9338,-8.72941 -4.9603,-12.62294 0,-20.39227 0,0 56.8566,-78.68897 62.7947,-105.41058 z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="m 567.69877,-429.06912 c 3.15618,-10.38133 0,-18.0247 -15.11579,-18.0247 h -49.91013 c -12.70096,0 -18.55706,6.59763 -21.73232,13.87977 0,0 -25.38286,60.76685 -61.33724,100.25768 -11.63627,11.40806 -16.92197,15.05863 -23.27242,15.05863 -3.17519,0 -7.77644,-3.63156 -7.77644,-14.0319 v -97.13948 c 0,-12.47278 -3.68869,-18.0247 -14.26014,-18.0247 h -78.44923 c -7.92857,0 -12.70097,5.78005 -12.70097,11.27491 0,11.80736 17.98666,14.54527 19.83094,47.78071 v 72.21293 c 0,15.83815 -2.9091,18.70918 -9.25948,18.70918 -16.92197,0 -58.08598,-61.05206 -82.51817,-130.90731 -4.75337,-13.59458 -9.56381,-19.07042 -22.32175,-19.07042 h -49.92915 c -14.26014,0 -17.11213,6.59763 -17.11213,13.87977 0,12.96714 16.92197,77.38454 78.81059,162.58363 41.25909,58.18101 99.34506,89.72424 152.25931,89.72424 31.73343,0 35.65018,-6.99691 35.65018,-19.07043 v -43.978 c 0,-14.01288 3.00405,-16.80786 13.0622,-16.80786 7.41521,0 20.09716,3.65057 49.71998,31.69536 33.84387,33.25443 39.41486,48.16093 58.46622,48.16093 h 49.91026 c 14.26,0 21.40913,-6.99691 17.30216,-20.81966 -4.5252,-13.78473 -20.68653,-33.76783 -42.11468,-57.47752 -11.63621,-13.49953 -29.09043,-28.04479 -34.37631,-35.32694 -7.41508,-9.33557 -5.30458,-13.4995 0,-21.80835 0,0 60.80491,-84.15334 67.15549,-112.73048 z"/></g></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="tumblr" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512" id="has-tumblr"><path fill="currentColor" d="M309.8 480.3c-13.6 14.5-50 31.7-97.4 31.7-120.8 0-147-88.8-147-140.6v-144H17.9c-5.5 0-10-4.5-10-10v-68c0-7.2 4.5-13.6 11.3-16 62-21.8 81.5-76 84.3-117.1.8-11 6.5-16.3 16.1-16.3h70.9c5.5 0 10 4.5 10 10v115.2h83c5.5 0 10 4.4 10 9.9v81.7c0 5.5-4.5 10-10 10h-83.4V360c0 34.2 23.7 53.6 68 35.8 4.8-1.9 9-3.2 12.7-2.2 3.5.9 5.8 3.4 7.4 7.9l22 64.3c1.8 5 3.3 10.6-.4 14.5z"></path></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="share" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" id="has-webshare-icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M512 208L320 384H288V288H208c-61.9 0-112 50.1-112 112c0 48 32 80 32 80s-128-48-128-176c0-97.2 78.8-176 176-176H288V32h32L512 208z"/></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="x" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512" id="has-x"><path fill="currentColor" d="M309.8 480.3c-13.6 14.5-50 31.7-97.4 31.7-120.8 0-147-88.8-147-140.6v-144H17.9c-5.5 0-10-4.5-10-10v-68c0-7.2 4.5-13.6 11.3-16 62-21.8 81.5-76 84.3-117.1.8-11 6.5-16.3 16.1-16.3h70.9c5.5 0 10 4.5 10 10v115.2h83c5.5 0 10 4.4 10 9.9v81.7c0 5.5-4.5 10-10 10h-83.4V360c0 34.2 23.7 53.6 68 35.8 4.8-1.9 9-3.2 12.7-2.2 3.5.9 5.8 3.4 7.4 7.9l22 64.3c1.8 5 3.3 10.6-.4 14.5z"></path></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="mastodon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" id="has-mastodon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M433 179.1c0-97.2-63.7-125.7-63.7-125.7-62.5-28.7-228.6-28.4-290.5 0 0 0-63.7 28.5-63.7 125.7 0 115.7-6.6 259.4 105.6 289.1 40.5 10.7 75.3 13 103.3 11.4 50.8-2.8 79.3-18.1 79.3-18.1l-1.7-36.9s-36.3 11.4-77.1 10.1c-40.4-1.4-83-4.4-89.6-54a102.5 102.5 0 0 1 -.9-13.9c85.6 20.9 158.7 9.1 178.8 6.7 56.1-6.7 105-41.3 111.2-72.9 9.8-49.8 9-121.5 9-121.5zm-75.1 125.2h-46.6v-114.2c0-49.7-64-51.6-64 6.9v62.5h-46.3V197c0-58.5-64-56.6-64-6.9v114.2H90.2c0-122.1-5.2-147.9 18.4-175 25.9-28.9 79.8-30.8 103.8 6.1l11.6 19.5 11.6-19.5c24.1-37.1 78.1-34.8 103.8-6.1 23.7 27.3 18.4 53 18.4 175z"/></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="threads" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" id="has-threads"><path fill="currentColor" d="M331.5 235.7c2.2 .9 4.2 1.9 6.3 2.8c29.2 14.1 50.6 35.2 61.8 61.4c15.7 36.5 17.2 95.8-30.3 143.2c-36.2 36.2-80.3 52.5-142.6 53h-.3c-70.2-.5-124.1-24.1-160.4-70.2c-32.3-41-48.9-98.1-49.5-169.6V256v-.2C17 184.3 33.6 127.2 65.9 86.2C102.2 40.1 156.2 16.5 226.4 16h.3c70.3 .5 124.9 24 162.3 69.9c18.4 22.7 32 50 40.6 81.7l-40.4 10.8c-7.1-25.8-17.8-47.8-32.2-65.4c-29.2-35.8-73-54.2-130.5-54.6c-57 .5-100.1 18.8-128.2 54.4C72.1 146.1 58.5 194.3 58 256c.5 61.7 14.1 109.9 40.3 143.3c28 35.6 71.2 53.9 128.2 54.4c51.4-.4 85.4-12.6 113.7-40.9c32.3-32.2 31.7-71.8 21.4-95.9c-6.1-14.2-17.1-26-31.9-34.9c-3.7 26.9-11.8 48.3-24.7 64.8c-17.1 21.8-41.4 33.6-72.7 35.3c-23.6 1.3-46.3-4.4-63.9-16c-20.8-13.8-33-34.8-34.3-59.3c-2.5-48.3 35.7-83 95.2-86.4c21.1-1.2 40.9-.3 59.2 2.8c-2.4-14.8-7.3-26.6-14.6-35.2c-10-11.7-25.6-17.7-46.2-17.8H227c-16.6 0-39 4.6-53.3 26.3l-34.4-23.6c19.2-29.1 50.3-45.1 87.8-45.1h.8c62.6 .4 99.9 39.5 103.7 107.7l-.2 .2zm-156 68.8c1.3 25.1 28.4 36.8 54.6 35.3c25.6-1.4 54.6-11.4 59.5-73.2c-13.2-2.9-27.8-4.4-43.4-4.4c-4.8 0-9.6 .1-14.4 .4c-42.9 2.4-57.2 23.2-56.2 41.8l-.1 .1z"/></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="bluesky" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 576 512" id="has-bluesky"><path fill="currentColor" d="M407.8 294.7c-3.3-.4-6.7-.8-10-1.3c3.4 .4 6.7 .9 10 1.3zM288 227.1C261.9 176.4 190.9 81.9 124.9 35.3C61.6-9.4 37.5-1.7 21.6 5.5C3.3 13.8 0 41.9 0 58.4S9.1 194 15 213.9c19.5 65.7 89.1 87.9 153.2 80.7c3.3-.5 6.6-.9 10-1.4c-3.3 .5-6.6 1-10 1.4C74.3 308.6-9.1 342.8 100.3 464.5C220.6 589.1 265.1 437.8 288 361.1c22.9 76.7 49.2 222.5 185.6 103.4c102.4-103.4 28.1-156-65.8-169.9c-3.3-.4-6.7-.8-10-1.3c3.4 .4 6.7 .9 10 1.3c64.1 7.1 133.6-15.1 153.2-80.7C566.9 194 576 75 576 58.4s-3.3-44.7-21.6-52.9c-15.8-7.1-40-14.9-103.2 29.8C385.1 81.9 314.1 176.4 288 227.1z"/></symbol><symbol aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="bluesky" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512" id="has-pinterest"><path fill="currentColor" d="M204 6.5C101.4 6.5 0 74.9 0 185.6 0 256 39.6 296 63.6 296c9.9 0 15.6-27.6 15.6-35.4 0-9.3-23.7-29.1-23.7-67.8 0-80.4 61.2-137.4 140.4-137.4 68.1 0 118.5 38.7 118.5 109.8 0 53.1-21.3 152.7-90.3 152.7-24.9 0-46.2-18-46.2-43.8 0-37.8 26.4-74.4 26.4-113.4 0-66.2-93.9-54.2-93.9 25.8 0 16.8 2.1 35.4 9.6 50.7-13.8 59.4-42 147.9-42 209.1 0 18.9 2.7 37.5 4.5 56.4 3.4 3.8 1.7 3.4 6.9 1.5 50.4-69 48.6-82.5 71.4-172.8 12.3 23.4 44.1 36 69.3 36 106.2 0 153.9-103.5 153.9-196.8C384 71.3 298.2 6.5 204 6.5z"/></symbol></svg><div id="has-mastodon-prompt" aria-hidden="true" style="display: none"><h3>Share on Mastodon</h3><div class="mastodon-input-prompt"><form class="has-mastodon-form"><label><span class="has-mastodon-label">Enter your Mastodon instance URL (optional)</span><input type="text" placeholder="https://mastodon.social" tabindex="0"/></label><button id="has-mastodon-submit" tabindex="0" class="button button-primary">Share</button></form></div></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js" id="wp-dom-ready-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" id="cookie-banner-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var cookieBannerSettings = {"text":"This website uses cookies and similar technologies to understand visitor experiences. By using this website, you consent to UNC-Chapel Hill's cookie usage in accordance with their <a href='https:\/\/www.unc.edu\/about\/privacy-statement\/'>Privacy Notice<\/a>.","buttonText":"I Accept","blogId":"1"}; /* ]]> */</script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/plugins/unc-cookie-banner/dist/cookie-banner.js" id="cookie-banner-script-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" id="unc-alerts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var unc_alerts = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.unc.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","days":"365","identifier":"17318024550001384467253","key":"STYXKEY_unc_alerts","nonce":"9283075ffd","refresh":"180"}; /* ]]> */</script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/plugins/unc-alerts/assets/js/alerts.js" id="unc-alerts-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/themes/unc/src/js/min/jquery.jscroll.min.js" id="unc-jscroll-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" id="unc-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var unc = {"google_maps_icon":"https:\/\/www.unc.edu\/wp-content\/themes\/unc\/assets\/images\/icons\/school-map-marker.png","google_maps_infowindow_title":"Location on Campus","juicer_handle_label":"Featured Posts"}; /* ]]> */</script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/themes/unc/build/frontend/frontend.js" id="unc-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.youtube.com/player_api" id="yt-player-api-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/plugins/page-links-to/dist/new-tab.js" id="page-links-to-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js" id="wp-hooks-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js" id="wp-i18n-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */</script><script type="text/javascript" id="highlight-and-share-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var highlight_and_share = {"show_facebook":"1","show_twitter":"1","show_linkedin":"1","show_ok":"","show_vk":"","show_email":"1","show_xing":"","show_copy":"","show_whatsapp":"","show_telegram":"","show_mastodon":"","show_threads":"","show_bluesky":"","twitter_username":"","enable_webshare_inline_highlight":"","enable_webshare_click_to_share":"","content_legacy_mode":"","mobile":"","content":".has-content-area,.has-excerpt-area","tweet_text":"Tweet","facebook_text":"Share","linkedin_text":"LinkedIn","ok_text":"Odnoklassniki","vk_text":"VKontakte","mastodon_text":"Mastodon","threads_text":"Threads","bluesky_text":"Bluesky","whatsapp_text":"WhatsApp","xing_text":"Xing","copy_text":"Copy","email_text":"E-mail","webshare_text":"Share","prefix":"","suffix":"","inline_highlight_tooltips_enabled":"","inline_highlight_tooltips_text":"","enable_webshare_image_only":""}; /* ]]> */</script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.unc.edu/wp-content/plugins/highlight-and-share/dist/highlight-and-share.js" id="highlight-and-share-js"></script></div><div id="overlay"></div><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-98c4da328252ac2fff4","applicationID":"603784308","transactionName":"YVZaZhBWCkNUW0RQXFgceVEWXgteGltRTVZRXEpL","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1890,"atts":"TRFZEFhMGU0=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body></html>