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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Overview </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Overview subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Break-up_of_3G_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Break-up_of_3G_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Break-up of 3G systems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Break-up_of_3G_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Adoption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Market_penetration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market_penetration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Market penetration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market_penetration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_and_decommissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_and_decommissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Decline and decommissions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_and_decommissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Patents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Features </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Features subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Data_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Data rates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications_of_3G" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications_of_3G"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Applications of 3G </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applications_of_3G-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Evolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phase-out" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phase-out"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Phase-out </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phase-out-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">3G</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" > 67 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB_(%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84)" title="جيل ثالث (شبكات اتصال) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيل ثالث (شبكات اتصال)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A9%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="৩জি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="৩জি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefon%C3%ADa_m%C3%B3vil_3G" title="Telefonía móvil 3G – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Telefonía móvil 3G" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="نسل سوم شبکه مخابرات سیار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نسل سوم شبکه مخابرات سیار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AB%A9%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80" title="૩જી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="૩જી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%EC%84%B8%EB%8C%80_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%99_%ED%86%B5%EC%8B%A0" title="3세대 이동 통신 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="3세대 이동 통신" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A9%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="३जी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="३जी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF" title="3ಜಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="3ಜಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF" title="3ജി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="3ജി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A9%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="३जी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="३जी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="थ्री जी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="थ्री जी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E4%B8%96%E4%BB%A3%E7%A7%BB%E5%8B%95%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0" title="第3世代移動通信システム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第3世代移動通信システム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF" title="3ஜி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="3ஜி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5" title="3 จี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="3 จี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="3 جی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="3 جی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="3G" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Third generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/3G_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="3G (disambiguation)">3G (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2021)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PC_modem_3G_HSPA_DSC_0084.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/PC_modem_3G_HSPA_DSC_0084.JPG/220px-PC_modem_3G_HSPA_DSC_0084.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/PC_modem_3G_HSPA_DSC_0084.JPG/330px-PC_modem_3G_HSPA_DSC_0084.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/PC_modem_3G_HSPA_DSC_0084.JPG/440px-PC_modem_3G_HSPA_DSC_0084.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/USB_modem" class="mw-redirect" title="USB modem">USB modem</a> for 3G plugged into a 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.plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_telecommunications" title="Category:Mobile telecommunications">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wireless_network_technologies" title="List of wireless network technologies">Wireless network technologies</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Analog</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"><ul style="text-align:center;"><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">1.5G</a>)</li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Digital</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"><ul style="text-align:center;"><li><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service">2.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution"> 2.75G</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDMA2000_1x" class="mw-redirect" title="CDMA2000 1x">2.9G</a>)</li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3G</a> (<a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">3.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="Evolved High Speed Packet Access">3.75G</a>, <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">3.9G/3.95G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> (<a href="/wiki/IMT_Advanced" title="IMT Advanced">4G/4.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced" title="LTE Advanced">4.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">4.9G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ultra-wideband" title="Ultra-wideband">5.25G</a>, <a href="/wiki/5G-Advanced" class="mw-redirect" title="5G-Advanced">5.5G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/6G" title="6G">6G</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile telecommunications</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_mobile_phone_generations" title="Template:List of mobile phone generations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_mobile_phone_generations" title="Template talk:List of mobile phone generations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_mobile_phone_generations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of mobile phone generations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 3G is the third generation of <a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile telecommunications">mobile telecommunications</a> technology. It is the upgrade to <a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a>, <a href="/wiki/2.5G" class="mw-redirect" title="2.5G">2.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/GPRS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPRS">GPRS</a> and <a href="/wiki/2.75G" class="mw-redirect" title="2.75G">2.75G</a> <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_Rates_for_GSM_Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution">Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution</a> networks, offering faster data transfer, and better voice quality.<a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a> This network was superseded by <a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a>, and later by <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a>. This network is based on a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunications services and networks that comply with the <a href="/wiki/IMT-2020" title="IMT-2020">International Mobile Telecommunications-2000</a> (IMT-2000) specifications set by the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a>. 3G is used in wireless voice telephony, <a href="/wiki/Mobile_Internet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile Internet">mobile Internet</a> access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV.<a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a> 3G telecommunication networks support services that provide an information transfer rate of at least 144 <a href="/wiki/Kbit/s" class="mw-redirect" title="Kbit/s">kbit/s</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> Later 3G releases, often denoted <a href="/wiki/3.5G" class="mw-redirect" title="3.5G">3.5G</a> and <a href="/wiki/3.75G" class="mw-redirect" title="3.75G">3.75G</a>, also provide <a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.20" title="IEEE 802.20">mobile broadband</a> access of several <a href="/wiki/Mbps" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbps">Mbit/s</a> to <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_modem" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile modem">mobile modems</a>, e.g. in laptop computers. This ensures it is adequate for wireless voice calls, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV technologies. A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year since <a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a> systems were introduced between 1979 and the early to mid-1980s. Each generation is characterized by new <a href="/wiki/Spectral_band" title="Spectral band">frequency bands</a>, higher data rates and non–backward-compatible transmission technology. The first commercial 3G networks were introduced in mid-2001.<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> Several telecommunications companies marketed wireless mobile Internet services as 3G, indicating that the advertised service was provided over a 3G wireless network. However, 3G services have largely been supplanted in marketing by 4G and 5G services in most areas of the world. Services advertised as 3G are required to meet <a href="/wiki/IMT-2000" title="IMT-2000">IMT-2000</a> technical standards, including standards for reliability and speed (data transfer rates). To meet the IMT-2000 standards, Third-generation mobile networks, or 3G, must maintain minimum consistent Internet speeds of 144 Kbps.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> However, many services advertised as 3G provide higher speed than the minimum technical requirements for a 3G service.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Subsequent 3G releases, denoted <a href="/wiki/3.5G" class="mw-redirect" title="3.5G">3.5G</a> and <a href="/wiki/3.75G" class="mw-redirect" title="3.75G">3.75G</a>, provided mobile broadband access of several <a href="/wiki/Mbps" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbps">Mbit/s</a> for smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> 3G branded standards: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) system, standardized by 3GPP in 2001, was used in Europe, Japan, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (with a different radio interface) and other regions predominated by <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> (Global Systems for Mobile Communications) <a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a> system infrastructure. The cell phones are typically <a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> and <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> hybrids. Several radio interfaces are offered, sharing the same infrastructure: <ul><li>The original and most widespread radio interface is called <a href="/wiki/W-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="W-CDMA">W-CDMA</a> (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/TD-SCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="TD-SCDMA">TD-SCDMA</a> radio interface was commercialized in 2009 and only offered in China.</li> <li>The latest UMTS release, <a href="/wiki/HSPA%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="HSPA+">HSPA+</a>, can provide peak data rates up to 56 Mbit/s in the downlink in theory (28 Mbit/s in existing services) and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink.</li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> system, first offered in 2002, standardized by <a href="/wiki/3GPP2" class="mw-redirect" title="3GPP2">3GPP2</a>, used especially in North America and South Korea, sharing infrastructure with the <a href="/wiki/IS-95" class="mw-redirect" title="IS-95">IS-95</a> 2G standard. The cell phones are typically CDMA2000 and IS-95 hybrids. The latest release <a href="/wiki/EVDO" class="mw-redirect" title="EVDO">EVDO</a> Rev. B offers peak rates of 14.7 Mbit/s downstream.</li></ul> The 3G systems and radio interfaces are based on <a href="/wiki/Spread_spectrum" title="Spread spectrum">spread spectrum</a> radio transmission technology. While the <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_Rates_for_GSM_Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution">GSM EDGE</a> standard ("2.9G"), <a href="/wiki/DECT" title="DECT">DECT</a> cordless phones and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_WiMAX" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile WiMAX">Mobile WiMAX</a> standards formally also fulfill the IMT-2000 requirements and are approved as 3G standards by ITU, these are typically not branded as 3G and are based on completely different technologies. The common standards complying with the IMT2000/3G standard are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EDGE" class="mw-redirect" title="EDGE">EDGE</a>, a revision by the <a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> organization to the older <a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a> <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> based transmission methods, which utilizes the same switching nodes, base station sites, and frequencies as GPRS, but includes a new base station and cellphone RF circuits. It is based on the three times as efficient <a href="/wiki/8PSK" class="mw-redirect" title="8PSK">8PSK</a> modulation scheme as a supplement to the original <a href="/wiki/GMSK" class="mw-redirect" title="GMSK">GMSK</a> modulation scheme. EDGE is still used extensively due to its ease of upgrade from existing 2G GSM infrastructure and cell phones. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EDGE" class="mw-redirect" title="EDGE">EDGE</a> combined with the <a href="/wiki/GPRS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPRS">GPRS</a> 2.5G technology is called <a href="/wiki/EGPRS" class="mw-redirect" title="EGPRS">EGPRS</a>, and allows peak data rates in the order of 200 kbit/s, just like the original <a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> WCDMA versions and thus formally fulfill the IMT2000 requirements on 3G systems. However, in practice, EDGE is seldom marketed as a 3G system, but a <a href="/wiki/2.9G" class="mw-redirect" title="2.9G">2.9G</a> system. EDGE shows slightly better <a href="/wiki/System_spectral_efficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="System spectral efficiency">system spectral efficiency</a> than the original UMTS and <a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> systems, but it is difficult to reach much higher peak data rates due to the limited GSM spectral bandwidth of 200 kHz, and it is thus a dead end.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDGE" class="mw-redirect" title="EDGE">EDGE</a> was also a mode in the <a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">IS-136</a> TDMA system, no longer used.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolved_EDGE" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolved EDGE">Evolved EDGE</a>, the latest revision, has peaks of 1 Mbit/s downstream and 400 kbit/s upstream but is not commercially used.</li></ul></li> <li>The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, created and revised by the <a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a>. The family is a full revision from GSM in terms of encoding methods and hardware, although some GSM sites can be <a href="/wiki/Retrofitted" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrofitted">retrofitted</a> to broadcast in the UMTS/<a href="/wiki/W-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="W-CDMA">W-CDMA</a> format. <ul><li>W-CDMA is the most common deployment, commonly operated on the 2,100 MHz band. A few others use the 850, 900, and 1,900 MHz bands. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">HSPA</a> is an amalgamation of several upgrades to the original W-CDMA standard and offers speeds of 14.4 Mbit/s down and 5.76 Mbit/s up. HSPA is backward-compatible and uses the same frequencies as W-CDMA.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSPA%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="HSPA+">HSPA+</a>, a further revision and upgrade of HSPA, can provide theoretical peak data rates up to 168 Mbit/s in the downlink and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink, using a combination of air interface improvements as well as multi-carrier HSPA and <a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a>. Technically though, MIMO and DC-HSPA can be used without the "+" enhancements of HSPA+.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> system, or IS-2000, including CDMA2000 1x and CDMA2000 High Rate Packet Data (or EVDO), standardized by <a href="/wiki/3GPP2" class="mw-redirect" title="3GPP2">3GPP2</a> (differing from the 3GPP), evolving from the original IS-95 CDMA system, is used especially in North America, China, India, Pakistan, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, Europe, and Africa. <ul><li>CDMA2000 1x Rev. E has an increased voice capacity (by three times the original amount) compared to Rev. 0 <a href="/wiki/EVDO" class="mw-redirect" title="EVDO">EVDO</a> Rev. B offers downstream peak rates of 14.7 Mbit/s while Rev. C enhanced existing and new terminal user experience.</li></ul></li></ul> While DECT cordless phones and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_WiMAX" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile WiMAX">Mobile WiMAX</a> standards formally also fulfill the IMT-2000 requirements, they are not usually considered due to their rarity and unsuitability for usage with mobile phones.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Break-up_of_3G_systems">Break-up of 3G systems</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Break-up of 3G systems">edit</a>]</div> The 3G (UMTS and CDMA2000) research and development projects started in 1992. In 1999, ITU approved five radio interfaces for IMT-2000 as a part of the ITU-R M.1457 Recommendation; <a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a> was added in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> There are evolutionary standards (EDGE and CDMA) that are backward-compatible extensions to pre-existing <a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a> networks as well as revolutionary standards that require all-new network hardware and frequency allocations. The cell phones use UMTS in combination with 2G GSM standards and bandwidths, but do not support EDGE. The latter group is the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Mobile_Telecommunications_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Mobile Telecommunications System">UMTS</a> family, which consists of standards developed for IMT-2000, as well as the independently developed standards <a href="/wiki/DECT" title="DECT">DECT</a> and WiMAX, which were included because they fit the IMT-2000 definition. While <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_Rates_for_GSM_Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution">EDGE</a> fulfills the 3G specifications, most GSM/UMTS phones report EDGE ("2.75G") and UMTS ("3G") functionality.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/310px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/465px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/620px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>Cellular network standards and generation timeline.</figcaption></figure> 3G technology was the result of research and development work carried out by the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> (ITU) in the early 1980s. 3G specifications and standards were developed in fifteen years. The technical specifications were made available to the public under the name IMT-2000. The communication spectrum between 400 MHz to 3 GHz was allocated for 3G. Both the government and communication companies approved the 3G standard. The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by <a href="/wiki/NTT_DoCoMo" class="mw-redirect" title="NTT DoCoMo">NTT DoCoMo</a> in Japan in 1998,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> branded as <a href="/wiki/FOMA" class="mw-redirect" title="FOMA">FOMA</a>. It was first available in May 2001 as a pre-release (test) of <a href="/wiki/W-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="W-CDMA">W-CDMA</a> technology. The first commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001, although it was initially somewhat limited in scope;<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> broader availability of the system was delayed by apparent concerns over its reliability.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The first European pre-commercial network was an <a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> network on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> by <a href="/wiki/Manx_Telecom" title="Manx Telecom">Manx Telecom</a>, the operator then owned by <a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">British Telecom</a>, and the first commercial network (also UMTS based W-CDMA) in Europe was opened for business by <a href="/wiki/Telenor" title="Telenor">Telenor</a> in December 2001 with no commercial handsets and thus no paying customers. The first network to go commercially live was by <a href="/wiki/SK_Telecom" title="SK Telecom">SK Telecom</a> in South Korea on the CDMA-based <a href="/wiki/1xEV-DO" class="mw-redirect" title="1xEV-DO">1xEV-DO</a> technology in January 2002. By May 2002, the second South Korean 3G network was by <a href="/wiki/KT_(telecommunication_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="KT (telecommunication company)">KT</a> on EV-DO and thus the South Koreans were the first to see competition among 3G operators. The first commercial United States 3G network was by Monet Mobile Networks, on <a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> 1x EV-DO technology, but the network provider later shut down operations. The second 3G network operator in the US was Verizon Wireless in July 2002, also on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO. AT&T Mobility was also a true 3G <a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> network, having completed its upgrade of the 3G network to <a href="/wiki/HSUPA" class="mw-redirect" title="HSUPA">HSUPA</a>. The first commercial United Kingdom 3G network was started by <a href="/wiki/Hutchison_Asia_Telecom_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutchison Asia Telecom Group">Hutchison Telecom</a> which was originally behind <a href="/wiki/Orange_S.A." title="Orange S.A.">Orange S.A.</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In 2003, it announced first commercial third generation or 3G mobile phone network in the UK. The first pre-commercial demonstration network in the southern hemisphere was built in <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>, South Australia, by m.Net Corporation in February 2002 using UMTS on 2100 MHz. This was a demonstration network for the 2002 IT World Congress. The first commercial 3G network was launched by Hutchison Telecommunications branded as Three or "3" in June 2003.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, on 11 December 2008, the first 3G mobile and internet services were launched by a state-owned company, Mahanagar Telecom Nigam Limited (MTNL), within the metropolitan cities of Delhi and Mumbai. After MTNL, another state-owned company, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), began deploying the 3G networks country-wide. <a href="/wiki/Emtel" title="Emtel">Emtel</a> launched the first 3G network in Africa.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoption">Adoption</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Adoption">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> was one of the first countries to adopt 3G, the reason being the process of 3G spectrum allocation, which in Japan was awarded without much upfront cost. The frequency spectrum was allocated in the US and Europe based on auctioning, thereby requiring a huge initial investment for any company wishing to provide 3G services. European companies collectively paid over 100 billion dollars in their spectrum auctions.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nepal_Telecom" title="Nepal Telecom">Nepal Telecom</a> adopted 3G Service for the first time in southern <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. However, its 3G was relatively slow to be adopted in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. In some instances, 3G networks do not use the same radio frequencies as <a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a>, so mobile operators must build entirely new networks and license entirely new frequencies, especially to achieve high data transmission rates. Other countries' delays were due to the expenses of upgrading transmission hardware, especially for <a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a>, whose deployment required the replacement of most broadcast towers. Due to these issues and difficulties with deployment, many carriers could not or delayed the acquisition of these updated capabilities. In December 2007, 190 3G networks were operating in 40 countries and 154 <a href="/wiki/HSDPA" class="mw-redirect" title="HSDPA">HSDPA</a> networks were operating in 71 countries, according to the Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA). In Asia, Europe, Canada, and the US, telecommunication companies use <a href="/wiki/W-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="W-CDMA">W-CDMA</a> technology with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks. The roll-out of 3G networks was delayed by the enormous costs of additional spectrum licensing fees in some countries. The license fees in some European countries were particularly high, bolstered by government auctions of a limited number of licenses and <a href="/wiki/Sealed_bid_auction" class="mw-redirect" title="Sealed bid auction">sealed bid auctions</a>, and initial excitement over 3G's potential. This led to a <a href="/wiki/Telecoms_crash" title="Telecoms crash">telecoms crash</a> that ran concurrently with similar crashes in the <a href="/wiki/Dark_fibre" title="Dark fibre">fibre-optic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot.com</a> fields. The 3G standard is perhaps well known because of a massive expansion of the mobile communications market post-2G and advances of the consumer mobile phone. An especially notable development during this time is the <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a> (for example, the <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> family), combining the abilities of a PDA with a mobile phone, leading to widespread demand for mobile internet connectivity. 3G has also introduced the term "<a href="/wiki/Mobile_internet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile internet">mobile broadband</a>" because its speed and capability made it a viable alternative for internet browsing, and USB Modems connecting to 3G networks, and now <a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> became increasingly common. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Market_penetration">Market penetration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Market penetration">edit</a>]</div> By June 2007, the 200 millionth 3G subscriber had been connected of which 10 million were in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> and 8.2 million in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. This 200 millionth is only 6.7% of the 3 billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide. (When counting CDMA2000 1x RTT customers—max bitrate 72% of the 200 kbit/s which defines 3G—the total size of the nearly-3G subscriber base was 475 million as of June 2007, which was 15.8% of all subscribers worldwide.) In the countries where 3G was launched first – Japan and South Korea – 3G penetration is over 70%.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In Europe the leading country[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] for 3G penetration is Italy with a third of its subscribers migrated to 3G. Other leading countries[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] for 3G use include <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> at the 32% migration level. According to ITU estimates,<a href="#cite_note-mobiThinking2013-22">[22]</a> as of Q4 2012 there were 2096 million active mobile-broadband[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">vague</a>] subscribers worldwide out of a total of 6835 million subscribers—this is just over 30%. About half the mobile-broadband subscriptions are for subscribers in developed nations, 934 million out of 1600 million total, well over 50%. Note however that there is a distinction between a phone with mobile-broadband connectivity and a <a href="/wiki/Smart_phone" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart phone">smart phone</a> with a large display and so on—although according<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> to the ITU and informatandm.com the US has 321 million mobile subscriptions, including 256 million that are 3G or 4G, which is both 80% of the subscriber base and 80% of the US population, according<a href="#cite_note-mobiThinking2013-22">[22]</a> to ComScore just a year earlier in Q4 2011 only about 42% of people surveyed in the US reported they owned a smart phone. In Japan, 3G penetration was similar at about 81%, but smart phone ownership was lower at about 17%.<a href="#cite_note-mobiThinking2013-22">[22]</a> In <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, there were 486.5 million 3G subscribers in June 2014,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> in a population of 1,385,566,537 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_(United_Nations)" title="List of countries by population (United Nations)">2013 UN estimate</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_and_decommissions">Decline and decommissions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Decline and decommissions">edit</a>]</div> Since the increasing adoption of <a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> networks across the globe, 3G use has been in decline. Several operators around the world have already or are in the process of shutting down their 3G networks (see <a href="#Phase-out">table below</a>). In several places, 3G is being shut down while its older predecessor 2G is being kept in operation; <a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a> Europe is doing this, citing 2G's usefulness as a low-power fallback.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/EE_(telecommunications)" title="EE (telecommunications)">EE</a> in the UK, plans to switch off their 3G networks in early 2024.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In the US, <a href="/wiki/Verizon_(mobile_network)" title="Verizon (mobile network)">Verizon</a> shutdown their 3G services on 31 December 2022,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> T-Mobile shut down <a href="/wiki/Sprint_Corporation" title="Sprint Corporation">Sprint</a>'s networks on 31 March 2022 and shutdown their main networks on 1 July 2022,<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> and <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> has done so on 22 February 2022.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Currently 3G around the world is declining in availability and support. Technology that depends on 3G for usage are becoming inoperable in many places. For example, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> plans to ensure that member countries maintain 2G networks as a fallback[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>], so 3G devices that are backwards compatible with 2G frequencies can continue to be used. However, in countries that plan to decommission 2G networks or have already done so as well, such as the United States and Singapore, devices supporting only 3G and backwards compatible with 2G are becoming inoperable.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> As of February 2022, less than 1% of cell phone customers in the United States used 3G; AT&T offered free replacement devices to some customers in the run-up to its shutdown.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patents">Patents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Patents">edit</a>]</div> It has been estimated that there are almost 8,000 patents declared essential (<a href="/wiki/FRAND" class="mw-redirect" title="FRAND">FRAND</a>) related to the 483 technical specifications which form the <a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> and <a href="/wiki/3GPP2" class="mw-redirect" title="3GPP2">3GPP2</a> standards.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-3gppatentsIEEE-33">[33]</a> Twelve companies accounted in 2004 for 90% of the patents (<a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>, <a href="/wiki/NTT_DoCoMo" class="mw-redirect" title="NTT DoCoMo">NTT DoCoMo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/InterDigital" title="InterDigital">InterDigital</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Matsushita</a>). Even then, some patents <a href="/wiki/Essential_patent" title="Essential patent">essential</a> to 3G might not have been declared by their patent holders. It is believed that <a href="/wiki/Nortel" title="Nortel">Nortel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucent" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucent">Lucent</a> have undisclosed patents essential to these standards.<a href="#cite_note-3gppatentsIEEE-33">[33]</a> Furthermore, the existing 3G Patent Platform Partnership Patent pool has little impact on <a href="/wiki/FRAND" class="mw-redirect" title="FRAND">FRAND</a> protection because it excludes the four largest patent owners for 3G.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Features">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_rates">Data rates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Data rates">edit</a>]</div> ITU has not provided a clear<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">vague</a>] definition of the data rate that users can expect from 3G equipment or providers. Thus users sold 3G service may not be able to point to a standard and say that the rates it specifies are not being met. While stating in commentary that "it is expected that IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission rates: a minimum data rate of 2 Mbit/s for stationary or walking users, and 348 kbit/s in a moving vehicle,"<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> the ITU does not actually clearly specify minimum required rates, nor required average rates, nor what modes[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] of the interfaces qualify as 3G, so various[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">vague</a>] data rates are sold as '3G' in the market. In a market implementation, 3G downlink data speeds defined by telecom service providers vary depending on the underlying technology deployed; up to 384 kbit/s for UMTS (WCDMA), up to 7.2 Mbit/sec for HSPA, and a theoretical maximum of 21.1 Mbit/s for HSPA+ and 42.2 Mbit/s for DC-HSPA+ (technically 3.5G, but usually clubbed under the tradename of 3G).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Compare data speeds with <a href="/wiki/3.5G" class="mw-redirect" title="3.5G">3.5G</a> and <a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Security">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_security#Attacks_based_on_the_GSM_networks" title="Mobile security">Mobile security § Attacks based on the GSM networks</a></div> 3G networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE (User Equipment) to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the intended one and not an impersonator. 3G networks use the <a href="/wiki/KASUMI_(block_cipher)" class="mw-redirect" title="KASUMI (block cipher)">KASUMI</a> <a href="/wiki/Block_cipher" title="Block cipher">block cipher</a> instead of the older <a href="/wiki/A5/1" title="A5/1">A5/1</a> <a href="/wiki/Stream_cipher" title="Stream cipher">stream cipher</a>. However, a number of serious weaknesses in the KASUMI cipher have been identified.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In addition to the 3G network infrastructure security, end-to-end security is offered when application frameworks such as IMS are accessed, although this is not strictly a 3G property. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Applications_of_3G">Applications of 3G</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Applications of 3G">edit</a>]</div> The bandwidth and location information available to 3G devices gives rise to applications not previously available to mobile phone users. It became possible to conveniently surf the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> on a 3G network on the go with minimum hassle, and do many other tasks previously a slow and difficult hassle on <a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Medical_devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical devices">Medical devices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fire_alarms" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire alarms">fire alarms</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ankle_monitors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ankle monitors (page does not exist)">ankle monitors</a> use this network for accomplishing their designated tasks alongside mobile phone users.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> This network marked the first for a cellular communications network to be used in such a wide variety of tasks, kick-starting the beginning of widespread usage of cellular networks. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Evolution">edit</a>]</div> Both <a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> and <a href="/wiki/3GPP2" class="mw-redirect" title="3GPP2">3GPP2</a> are working on the extensions to 3G standards that are based on an <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Next Generation Network">all-IP network infrastructure</a> and using advanced wireless technologies such as <a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a>. These specifications already display features characteristic for <a href="/wiki/IMT-Advanced" class="mw-redirect" title="IMT-Advanced">IMT-Advanced</a> (4G), the successor of 3G. However, falling short of the bandwidth requirements for 4G (which is 1 Gbit/s for stationary and 100 Mbit/s for mobile operation), these standards are classified as 3.9G or Pre-4G. 3GPP plans to meet the 4G goals with <a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced" title="LTE Advanced">LTE Advanced</a>, whereas Qualcomm has halted <a href="/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadband" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra Mobile Broadband">UMB</a> development in favour of the LTE family.<a href="#cite_note-qualcomm-40">[40]</a> On 14 December 2009, <a href="/wiki/TeliaSonera" class="mw-redirect" title="TeliaSonera">TeliaSonera</a> announced in an official press release that "We are very proud to be the first operator in the world to offer our customers 4G services."<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> With the launch of their LTE network, initially they are offering pre-4G (or beyond 3G) services in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phase-out">Phase-out</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Phase-out">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable sticky-header sort-under"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Status </th> <th>Network </th> <th>Shutdown date </th> <th>Standard </th> <th>References </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Personal" title="Telecom Personal">Personal</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Personal_AR-42">[42]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdowns commenced in Q1 2023. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Optus" title="Optus">Optus</a> </td> <td>2024-10-28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Optus_AU-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_AU-44">[44]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telstra" title="Telstra">Telstra</a> </td> <td>2024-10-28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Telstra_AU-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Phase-out_AU-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_AU-44">[44]</a> </td> <td>2100MHz band shutdown on 25 Mar 2019. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TPG_Telecom" title="TPG Telecom">TPG</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Australia" title="Vodafone Australia">Vodafone</a> </td> <td>2023-12-15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-TPG_AU_1-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-TPG_AU_2-48">[48]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magenta_Telekom" title="Magenta Telekom">Magenta Telekom</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-MT_AT-49">[49]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_Belgium" title="Orange Belgium">Orange</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Orange_3G_Shutdown_Europe-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Orange_BE-51">[51]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdowns commenced in Jan 2024. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telenet_(provider)" class="mw-redirect" title="Telenet (provider)">Telenet</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-09-30 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Telenet_BE_1-52">[52]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdowns commenced in Sep 2024. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Proximus" title="Proximus">Proximus</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-12-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Proximus_BE-53">[53]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_Mobility" title="Bell Mobility">Bell</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_CA-54">[54]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Wireless" title="Rogers Wireless">Rogers</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-03-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_CA-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rogers_3G_Shutdown_CA-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> </td> <td>1900 MHz shutdown in Jun 2021. 850 MHz remains active. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telus_Mobility" title="Telus Mobility">Telus</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_CA-54">[54]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_Mobile" title="China Mobile">China Mobile</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/TD_SCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="TD SCDMA">TD-SCDMA</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CM_CN_1-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-CM_CN_2-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-CM_CN_3-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-CM_CN_4-62">[62]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdowns commenced on 16 Mar 2016. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China_Telecom" title="China Telecom">China Telecom</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CDG_DB_CT-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-CT_CN_1-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-CT_CN_2-65">[65]</a> </td> <td>CDMA2000 1X, 1xEV-DO Rev. A Local shutdowns commenced on 16 Jun 2020. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China_Unicom" title="China Unicom">China Unicom</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CU_CN-66">[66]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdowns commenced in Q4 2022. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hrvatski_Telekom" title="Hrvatski Telekom">HT</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-HT_CR-67">[67]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown commenced in Dec 2023. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O2_Czech_Republic" title="O2 Czech Republic">O2</a> </td> <td>2021-11-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-O2_T_CZ-68">[68]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_Czech_Republic" title="T-Mobile Czech Republic">T-Mobile</a> </td> <td>2021-11-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-O2_T_CZ-68">[68]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Czech_Republic" title="Vodafone Czech Republic">Vodafone</a> </td> <td>2021-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-VF_CZ-69">[69]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3_(company)#Denmark_and_Sweden" title="3 (company)">3</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-01 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3_DK-70">[70]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown commenced in 2019. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TDC_A/S" class="mw-redirect" title="TDC A/S">TDC</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-TDC_DK-71">[71]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown commenced in 2022. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tt-network.dk/">TT-Netværket</a> (<a href="/wiki/Telenor_Denmark" title="Telenor Denmark">Telenor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telia_Company#Denmark" title="Telia Company">Telia</a>) </td> <td>2023-03-20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-TN_DK-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telia_TN_DK-73">[73]</a> </td> <td>Service on the 2100 MHz band ended in 2021. Shutdown on the 900 MHz band commenced in summer 2022. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tele2#Estonia" title="Tele2">Tele2</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telia_Eesti" title="Telia Eesti">Telia Eesti</a> </td> <td>2023-12-13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Telia_EE_1-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telia_EE_2-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telia_EE_3-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telia_EE_4-78">[78]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DNA_Oyj" title="DNA Oyj">DNA</a> </td> <td>2024-01-25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-DNA_Fi_1-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-DNA_Fi_2-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-DNA_Fi_3-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-DNA_Fi_4-82">[82]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdowns commenced in May 2023. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elisa_(company)" title="Elisa (company)">Elisa</a> </td> <td>2023-11-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdowns commenced in Apr 2023. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_Shared_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish Shared Network (page does not exist)">Finnish Shared Network</a> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suomen_Yhteisverkko" class="extiw" title="fi:Suomen Yhteisverkko">fi</a>] </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-12 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-DNA_Fi_1-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-DNA_Fi_5-84">[84]</a> </td> <td>Joint company by Telia and DNA to manage networks in Northern and Eastern Finland. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telia_Company" title="Telia Company">Telia</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-06 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Telia_FI_1-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telia_FI_2-86">[86]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdowns commenced on 09 Sep 2023. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bouygues_Telecom" title="Bouygues Telecom">Bouygues</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2029 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-BYG_FR-87">[87]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_S.A." title="Orange S.A.">Orange</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2028-12-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Orange_3G_Shutdown_Europe-50">[50]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SFR" title="SFR">SFR</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2028 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-SFR_FR-88">[88]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a> </td> <td>2021-07-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Telekom_DE-89">[89]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica_Germany" title="Telefónica Germany">O2</a> </td> <td>2021-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-O2_DE-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-O2_3G_SWO_DE_1-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-O2_3G_SWO_DE_2-92">[92]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Germany" title="Vodafone Germany">Vodafone</a> </td> <td>2021-06-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-VF_DE-93">[93]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cosmote" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmote">Cosmote</a> </td> <td>2021-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Cosmote_GR-94">[94]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nova_(Greece)" title="Nova (Greece)">NOVA</a> </td> <td>2023-03-27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-WIND_GR-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-WIND_GR_2-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOVA_GR-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Greece" title="Vodafone Greece">Vodafone</a> </td> <td>2023-05-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-VF_GR-99">[99]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tusass" title="Tusass">Tusass</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Tusass_GL-100">[100]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telekom" title="Magyar Telekom">Magyar Telekom</a> </td> <td>2022-06-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-MT_Yettel_HU-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-MT_HU_1-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-MT_HU_2-103">[103]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yettel_Hungary" title="Yettel Hungary">Yettel Hungary</a> </td> <td>2023-11-13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-MT_Yettel_HU-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-MT_HU_2-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yettel_HU-104">[104]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Hungary" title="Vodafone Hungary">Vodafone Hungary</a> </td> <td>2023-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-VF_HU-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-MT_HU_2-103">[103]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 (est.) </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_IS-106">[106]</a> </td> <td>Per government statement </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Airtel_India" title="Airtel India">Airtel</a> </td> <td>2020-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Airtel_IN_1-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-Airtel_IN_2-108">[108]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Idea" title="Vodafone Idea">Vodafone Idea</a> </td> <td>2022-10-06 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-VFI_IN-109">[109]</a> </td> <td>Complete network refarming to <a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a>/<a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Smartfren" title="Smartfren">Smartfren</a> </td> <td>2017-11-13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Smartfren_ID-110">[110]</a> </td> <td>CDMA2000 1X, 1xEV-DO Rel. 0, 1xEV-DO Rev. A, EV-DO Rev. B </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telkomsel" title="Telkomsel">Telkomsel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Telkomsel_ID_1-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telkomsel_ID_2-112">[112]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdowns commenced in Mar 2022. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indosat" title="Indosat">Indosat</a> </td> <td>2022-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Indosat_ID-113">[113]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/XL_Axiata" title="XL Axiata">XL Axiata</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdowns commenced in June 2021. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Ireland" title="Vodafone Ireland">Vodafone</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-VF_IE-116">[116]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdowns commenced in Feb 2023. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-31 (est.) </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_IL-117">[117]</a> </td> <td>Per government statement </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gruppo_TIM" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruppo TIM">TIM</a> </td> <td>2022-10-21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-TIM_IT_1-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-TIM_IT_2-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-TIM_IT_3-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-TIM_IT_4-121">[121]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Italy" title="Vodafone Italy">Vodafone</a> </td> <td>2021-02-28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-VF_IT-122">[122]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/KDDI" title="KDDI">KDDI</a> </td> <td>2022-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CDG_DB_KDDI-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-KDDI_JP_1-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-KDDI_JP_2-125">[125]</a> </td> <td>CDMA2000 1X, 1xEV-DO Rel. 0, 1xEV-DO Rev. A, EV-DO Rev. B </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NTT_docomo" class="mw-redirect" title="NTT docomo">NTT docomo</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2026-03-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-NTT_JP-126">[126]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Softbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Softbank">Softbank</a> </td> <td>2024-04-15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-SB_JP_1-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-SB_JP_2-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-SB_JP_3-129">[129]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tele2#Kazakhstan" title="Tele2">Tele2</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Tele2_KZ_1-130">[130]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown commenced on 28 Mar 2024. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telia_Company" title="Telia Company">Telia</a> </td> <td>2022-12-15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Telia_LT_1-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telia_LT_2-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telia_LT_3-133">[133]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tele2,_UAB" title="Tele2, UAB">Tele2</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Tele2_LT-134">[134]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_S.A." title="Orange S.A.">Orange</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Orange_3G_Shutdown_Europe-50">[50]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tango_(telecom)" title="Tango (telecom)">Tango</a> / <a href="/wiki/Telindus" title="Telindus">Telindus</a> </td> <td>2024-01-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Tango_LU-135">[135]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/45px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_Telecom" title="China Telecom">China Telecom</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CDG_DB_MO-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-CT_MO_1-137">[137]</a> </td> <td>CDMA2000 1X, 1xEV-DO Rev. A </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td rowspan="4">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Celcom" title="Celcom">Celcom</a> </td> <td>2021-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Celcom_MY-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-Digi_Celcom_MY-139">[139]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maxis_Communications" title="Maxis Communications">Maxis</a> </td> <td>2021-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_MY-140">[140]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/U_Mobile" title="U Mobile">U Mobile</a> </td> <td>2021-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_MY-140">[140]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Digi_Telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Digi Telecommunications">Digi</a> </td> <td>2021-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_MY-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-Digi_Celcom_MY-139">[139]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interdnestrcom" title="Interdnestrcom">Interdnestrcom</a> </td> <td>2023-08-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crnogorski_Telekom" title="Crnogorski Telekom">Crnogorski Telekom</a> </td> <td>2024-01-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CT_ME_1-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-CT_ME_2-143">[143]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/KPN" title="KPN">KPN</a> </td> <td>2023-05-10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-KPN_NL_1-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-KPN_NL_2-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-KPN_NL_3-146">[146]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown commenced on 31 Mar 2022. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/VodafoneZiggo" title="VodafoneZiggo">Vodafone</a> </td> <td>2020-02-04 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-VF_NL-147">[147]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2degrees" title="2degrees">2degrees</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 Q4 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2degrees_NZ-148">[148]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/One_NZ" title="One NZ">One</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 Q1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Vodafone_NZ-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-One_NZ-150">[150]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown will commence by 31 Mar 2025. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spark_New_Zealand" title="Spark New Zealand">Spark</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Spark_NZ_1-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spark_NZ_2-152">[152]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown will commence "towards the end of 2025". </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telia_Company" title="Telia Company">Telia</a> </td> <td>2021-11-11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Telia_NO-153">[153]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telenor" title="Telenor">Telenor</a> </td> <td>2021-01-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Telenor_NO-154">[154]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omantel" title="Omantel">Omantel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024 Q3 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Omantel_OM-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_pre_OM-156">[156]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td> <td>No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jazz_(mobile_network_operator)" title="Jazz (mobile network operator)">Jazz</a> </td> <td>2024-11-18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Jazz_PK-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Smart_Communications" title="Smart Communications">Smart</a> (<a href="/wiki/PLDT" title="PLDT">PLDT</a>) </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PLDT-Smart_PH-159">[159]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Globe_Telecom" title="Globe Telecom">Globe</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Globe_Telecom_PH-160">[160]</a> </td> <td>Shutdown commenced in Oct 2020. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="T-Mobile Poland">T-Mobile</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2023-04 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-T-Mobile_PL_1-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-T-Mobile_PL_2-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-T-Mobile_PL_3-163">[163]</a> </td> <td>Shutdown commenced in Apr 2023. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_Polska" title="Orange Polska">Orange</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Orange_3G_Shutdown_Europe-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Orange_PL_1-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-Orange_PL_2-165">[165]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown commenced on 26 Sep 2023. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MEO_(telecommunication_company)" title="MEO (telecommunication company)">MEO</a> </td> <td>2024-01-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-MEO_PT-166">[166]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown commenced on 4 Sep 2023. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Portugal" title="Vodafone Portugal">Vodafone</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-07 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-VF_PT-167">[167]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NOS_(Portuguese_company)" title="NOS (Portuguese company)">NOS</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-05 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> </td> <td>Shutdown commenced in May 2024. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digi_Communications" title="Digi Communications">Digi</a> </td> <td>2023-08-29 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Digi_RO-169">[169]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_Romania" title="Orange Romania">Orange</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Orange_3G_Shutdown_Europe-50">[50]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telekom_Romania_Mobile" title="Telekom Romania Mobile">Telekom</a> </td> <td>2023-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beeline_(brand)" title="Beeline (brand)">Beeline</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Beeline_RU-171">[171]</a> </td> <td>Shutdown commenced in Moscow in Feb 2023. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MTS_(network_provider)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTS (network provider)">MTS</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-MTS_RU-172">[172]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Telecom_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Telecom Company">stc</a> </td> <td>2022-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M1_(Singaporean_company)" title="M1 (Singaporean company)">M1</a> </td> <td>2024-08-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_SG_1-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_SG_2-175">[175]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Singtel" title="Singtel">Singtel</a> </td> <td>2024-11-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_SG_1-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_SG_2-175">[175]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/StarHub" title="StarHub">StarHub</a> </td> <td>2024-11-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_SG_1-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_SG_2-175">[175]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O2_Slovakia" title="O2 Slovakia">O2</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-O2_SK-176">[176]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown commences in Jan 2024. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_Slovensko" title="Orange Slovensko">Orange</a> </td> <td>2024-02-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Orange_3G_Shutdown_Europe-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-4ka_Orange_SK-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-Orange_SK-178">[178]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Telekom" title="Slovak Telekom">Telekom</a> </td> <td>2023-11-23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-ST_SK_1-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-ST_SK_2-180">[180]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown commenced on 3 Oct 2023. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telekom_Slovenije" title="Telekom Slovenije">Telekom Slovenije</a> </td> <td>2022-09-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Telekom_Slovenije_SI-181">[181]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A1_Slovenija" title="A1 Slovenija">A1 Slovenija</a> </td> <td>2023-06-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-A1_SI-182">[182]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-03 (est.) </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_3G_Shutdown_SA-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-2G_3G_Shutdown_SA_2-184">[184]</a> </td> <td>Per government statement </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/KT_Corporation" title="KT Corporation">KT</a> </td> <td>2012-03-19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-KT_LGU+_SKT_KR-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-KT_KR-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-CDMA_Phase-out_KR-187">[187]</a> </td> <td>CDMA2000 was also referred to as "2G" in South Korea, besides <a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> (IS-95).<a href="#cite_note-TG_Blog_2G_3G_KR-188">[188]</a> CDMA2000 1X, 1xEV-DO Rel. 0 KT also operates an UMTS "3G" network. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LG_Uplus" title="LG Uplus">LG U+</a> </td> <td>2021-06-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CDG_DB_LGU+-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-LG_U+_EV-DO_KR-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-KT_LGU+_SKT_KR-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-LGU+_KR-191">[191]</a> </td> <td>CDMA2000 1X, 1xEV-DO Rev. A, EV-DO Rev. B </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SK_Telecom" title="SK Telecom">SK Telecom</a> </td> <td>2020-07-27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CDG_DB_SKT-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-CDMA_Phase-out_KR-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-KT_LGU+_SKT_KR-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-SKT_CDMA_Shutdown_KR-193">[193]</a> </td> <td>CDMA2000 was also referred to as "2G" in South Korea, besides <a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> (IS-95).<a href="#cite_note-TG_Blog_2G_3G_KR-188">[188]</a> CDMA2000 1X, 1xEV-DO Rel. 0 SKT also operates an UMTS "3G" network. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Movistar" title="Movistar">Movistar</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Orange España">Orange</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Orange_3G_Shutdown_Europe-50">[50]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Vodafone España">Vodafone España</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-10-29 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-VF_Shutdown_ES_1-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-VF_Shutdown_ES_2-195">[195]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Airtel_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Airtel Lanka">Airtel</a> </td> <td>2022-06-12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Airtel_3G_Shutdown_LK-196">[196]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dialog_Axiata" title="Dialog Axiata">Dialog Axiata</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Dialog_3G_Shutdown_LK-197">[197]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telenor_Sverige" title="Telenor Sverige">Telenor</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telia_Company" title="Telia Company">Telia</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3_(company)" title="3 (company)">Three</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-01 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown for 2100 MHz commenced in late 2021. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_LLC" title="Sunrise LLC">Sunrise</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-06 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swisscom_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Swisscom AG">Swisscom</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-01 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> </td> <td rowspan="5">No Service </td> <td>Asia Pacific Telecom </td> <td>2017-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CDG_DB_APT-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-FET_APT_TW-205">[205]</a> </td> <td>CDMA2000 1X, 1xEV-DO Rev. A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chunghwa_Telecom" title="Chunghwa Telecom">Chunghwa Telecom</a> </td> <td>2018-12-31 (Data) 2024-06-30 (Voice) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_TW_1-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_TW_2-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_TW_3-208">[208]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Far_EasTone" title="Far EasTone">Far EasTone</a> </td> <td>2018-12-31 (Data) 2024-06-30 (Voice) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_TW_1-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_TW_2-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_TW_3-208">[208]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Mobile" title="Taiwan Mobile">Taiwan Mobile</a> </td> <td>2018-12-31 (Data) 2024-06-30 (Voice) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_TW_1-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_TW_2-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_TW_3-208">[208]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vibo_Telecom" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibo Telecom">Taiwan Star</a> </td> <td>2018-12-31 (Data) 2024-06-30 (Voice) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_TW_1-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_TW_2-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-3G_Shutdown_TW_3-208">[208]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/EE_(telecommunications)" title="EE (telecommunications)">EE</a> </td> <td>2024-02-25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-EE_UK_1-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-EE_UK_2-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-EE_UK_3-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-EE_UK_4-212">[212]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Three_UK" title="Three UK">Three</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-12-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">O2</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-31 (est.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_UK" title="Vodafone UK">Vodafone</a> </td> <td>2024-02-28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-VF_UK_1-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-VF_UK_2-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-VF_UK_3-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-VF_UK_4-218">[218]</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown commenced in Jun 2023. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="12"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/45px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="850" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">US Virgin Islands</a> </td> <td rowspan="12">No Service </td> <td>Appalachian Wireless </td> <td>2023-01-03 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CDG_DB_AW-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-AW_US_1-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-AW_US_2-221">[221]</a> </td> <td>CDMA2000 1X, 1xEV-DO Rev. A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> </td> <td>2022-02-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-AT&T_US_1-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-AT&T_US_2-223">[223]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cellcom_(United_States)" title="Cellcom (United States)">Cellcom</a> </td> <td>2023-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Cellcom_US-224">[224]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cellular One of North East Arizona </td> <td>2023-05-04 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Cellular_One_VoLTE_US-225">[225]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Commnet_Wireless" title="Commnet Wireless">Commnet Wireless</a> (Choice) </td> <td>2022-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberty </td> <td>2022-02-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Liberty_PR_&_USVI-227">[227]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Silver Star </td> <td>2022-12-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CDG_DB_SS-228">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> </td> <td>CDMA2000 1X & 1xEV-DO Rev. A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Strata Networks </td> <td>2022-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Strata_US-230">[230]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile</a> </td> <td>2022-07-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-TM_US_1-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-TM_US_2-232">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-TM_US_3-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-TM_3G_Shutdown_US-234">[234]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sprint_Corporation" title="Sprint Corporation">Sprint</a>) </td> <td>2022-05-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CDG_DB_SP-235">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-TM_US_1-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-TM_US_2-232">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-TM_US_3-233">[233]</a> <a href="#cite_note-TM_CDMA_Shutdown_US_1-236">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-TM_CDMA_Shutdown_US_2-237">[237]</a> </td> <td>CDMA2000 1X, 1X Adv. (Rev.E), 1xEV-DO Rel. 0, 1xEV-DO Rev. A Shutdown commenced on 31 Mar 2022. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UScellular" class="mw-redirect" title="UScellular">UScellular</a> </td> <td>2024-01-14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CDG_DB_USC-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-USC_US_1-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-USC_US_2-240">[240]</a> </td> <td>CDMA2000 1X 1xEV-DO (Rel. 0 & Rev. A) shutdown commenced in 2021. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Verizon_Wireless" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon Wireless">Verizon</a> </td> <td>2022-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CDG_DB_VZW-241">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-VZ_US_1-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-VZ_US_2-243">[243]</a> </td> <td>CDMA2000 1X, 1xEV-DO Rel. 0, 1xEV-DO Rev. A </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">List of mobile phone generations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">Mobile radio telephone</a> (also known as "0G")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_broadband" title="Mobile broadband">Mobile broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_device_radiation_and_health" title="Wireless device radiation and health">Wireless device radiation and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6G" title="6G">6G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE (telecommunication)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itu.int/osg/spu/ni/3G/technology/index.html">"All about the Technology=2011-04-04"</a>. itu.int. 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Retrieved 1 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UScellular+to+switch+off+CDMA+network+on+14+January+2024&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2023-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2023%2F12%2F01%2Fuscellular-to-switch-off-cdma-network-on-14-january-2024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDG_DB_VZW-241"><a href="#cite_ref-CDG_DB_VZW_241-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdg.org/technology/product_pavilion/operator_detail_cdma2000.asp?operatorid=52">"CDMA2000 Operators - Verizon Wireless"</a>. CDG. Retrieved 7 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CDMA2000+Operators+-+Verizon+Wireless&rft.pub=CDG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdg.org%2Ftechnology%2Fproduct_pavilion%2Foperator_detail_cdma2000.asp%3Foperatorid%3D52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VZ_US_1-242"><a href="#cite_ref-VZ_US_1_242-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2021/03/31/verizon-to-shut-down-3g-cdma-networks-on-31-december-2022/">"Verizon to shut down 3G CDMA networks on 31 December 2022"</a>. TeleGeography. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verizon+to+shut+down+3G+CDMA+networks+on+31+December+2022&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2021-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2021%2F03%2F31%2Fverizon-to-shut-down-3g-cdma-networks-on-31-december-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VZ_US_2-243"><a href="#cite_ref-VZ_US_2_243-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/12/06/verizon-ramps-up-5g-coverage-as-3g-shutdown-looms/">"Verizon ramps up 5G coverage as 3G shutdown looms"</a>. TeleGeography. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verizon+ramps+up+5G+coverage+as+3G+shutdown+looms&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2022-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F12%2F06%2Fverizon-ramps-up-5g-coverage-as-3g-shutdown-looms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3G" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Mobile Telephone Service">MTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improved_Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Improved Mobile Telephone Service">IMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_(mobile_telephone_system)" title="Altai (mobile telephone system)">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLT_(mobile_network)" title="OLT (mobile network)">OLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTD_(mobile_network)" title="MTD (mobile network)">MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_TeleSeratout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile TeleSeratout (page does not exist)">Mobile TeleSeratout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Telephone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Telephone System">AMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autotel" title="Autotel">Autotel (PALM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoradiopuhelin" title="Autoradiopuhelin">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-Netz" title="B-Netz">B-Netz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMR_radiotelephone_network_(Czechoslovakia)" title="AMR radiotelephone network (Czechoslovakia)">AMR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a> (1979)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS - N-AMPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Access_Communication_System" title="Total Access Communication System">TACS - ETACS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Mobile_Telephone" title="Nordic Mobile Telephone">NMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-Netz" title="C-Netz">C-450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hicap" title="Hicap">Hicap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobitex" title="Mobitex">Mobitex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DataTAC" title="DataTAC">DataTAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CT1" title="CT1">CT1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a> (1991)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>/<a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_Switched_Data" title="Circuit Switched Data">CSD - HSCSD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/3rd_Generation_Partnership_Project_2" title="3rd Generation Partnership Project 2">3GPP2</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne (IS-95)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_digital_packet_data" title="Cellular digital packet data">CDPD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDEN" title="IDEN">iDEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Digital_Cellular" title="Personal Digital Cellular">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Handy-phone_System" title="Personal Handy-phone System">PHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CT2" title="CT2">CT2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2G#Evolution" title="2G">2G transitional (2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>/3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service">GPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution">EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000#1X" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000 1X</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000#1X_Advanced" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000 1X Advanced</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiDEN" class="mw-redirect" title="WiDEN">WiDEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_enhanced_cordless_telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications">DECT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3G</a> (1998) <a href="/wiki/IMT-2000" title="IMT-2000">IMT-2000</a> (2001)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="W-CDMA">UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Mobile_Multimedia_Access" title="Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access">FOMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD-SCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="TD-SCDMA">UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="TD-CDMA">UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0</a> (TIA/IS-856)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Evolution">3G transitional (3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">HSPA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="High Speed Downlink Packet Access">HSDPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Uplink_Packet_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="High Speed Uplink Packet Access">HSUPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="Evolved High Speed Packet Access">HSPA+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DC-HSDPA" class="mw-redirect" title="DC-HSDPA">DC-HSDPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> (<a href="/wiki/E-UTRA" title="E-UTRA">E-UTRA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>CDMA2000 <a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">1xEV-DO Revision A</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">EV-DO Revision B</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-856-B)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">EV-DO Revision C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">Mobile WiMAX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">IEEE 802.16e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing#FLASH-OFDM" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing">Flash-OFDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.20" title="IEEE 802.20">iBurst (IEEE 802.20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiBro" title="WiBro">WiBro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HiperMAN" title="HiperMAN">HiperMAN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> (2009) <a href="/wiki/IMT_Advanced" title="IMT Advanced">IMT Advanced</a> (2013)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced" title="LTE Advanced">LTE Advanced</a> (<a href="/wiki/E-UTRA" title="E-UTRA">E-UTRA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">LTE Advanced Pro</a> (4.5G/4.9G)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">IEEE family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a> (<a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">IEEE 802.16m</a>) <ul><li>WiMax 2.1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiBro" title="WiBro">WiBro</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> (2018) <a href="/wiki/IMT-2020" title="IMT-2020">IMT-2020</a> (2021)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G_NR" title="5G NR">5G NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G-Advanced" class="mw-redirect" title="5G-Advanced">5G-Advanced</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NR-IIoT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NR-IIoT (page does not exist)">NR-IIoT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE-M" title="LTE-M">LTE-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrowband_IoT" title="Narrowband IoT">NB-IoT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DECT-5G&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DECT-5G (page does not exist)">DECT-5G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile telephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Comparison of standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_access_method" title="Channel access method">Channel access methods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiple_access" title="Frequency-division multiple access">FDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiple_access" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access">OFDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiple_access" title="Time-division multiple access">TDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-organized_time-division_multiple_access" title="Self-organized time-division multiple access">STDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_spectrum" title="Spread spectrum">SSMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">CDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">SDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_efficiency#Comparison_table" title="Spectral efficiency">Spectral efficiency comparison table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequency bands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_frequency_bands" title="GSM frequency bands">GSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMTS_frequency_bands" title="UMTS frequency bands">UMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_frequency_bands" title="LTE frequency bands">LTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G_NR_frequency_bands" title="5G NR frequency bands">5G NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDMA_frequency_bands" title="CDMA frequency bands">CDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_broadband" title="Mobile broadband">Mobile broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service" title="Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service">Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Mobile_Networks" title="Next Generation Mobile Networks">NGMN Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push-to-talk" title="Push-to-talk">Push-to-talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem" title="IP Multimedia Subsystem">IMS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_LTE" title="Voice over LTE">VoLTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_over_LTE" title="Video over LTE">ViLTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_NR" title="Voice over NR">VoNR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_over_NR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Video over NR (page does not exist)">ViNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_Access_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic Access Network">Wi-Fi Calling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmocom" title="Osmocom">Osmocom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/28px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/42px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/56px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a>   <img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/28px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/42px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/56px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mobile_phones" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Template:Mobile phones"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mobile_phones" title="Template talk:Mobile phones"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile phones"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mobile_phones" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Mobile networks</a>, protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_capacity" title="Channel capacity">Channel capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-band_device" title="Multi-band device">Multi-band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Network operator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_network_operators" title="List of mobile network operators">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaming" title="Roaming">Roaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_signal" title="Mobile phone signal">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual_SIM" title="Dual SIM">dual SIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESIM" title="ESIM">eSIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_lock" title="SIM lock">SIM lock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Standards comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethering" title="Tethering">Tethering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_VoIP" title="Mobile VoIP">VoIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">XHTML-MP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Analogue:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a></li> <li>Digital:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3G</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3G_adoption" title="3G adoption">adoption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">3.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">4.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6G" title="6G">6G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General operation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_feature" title="Mobile phone feature">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_services" title="GSM services">services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phone_cloning" title="Phone cloning">phone cloning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Telephony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airplane_mode" title="Airplane mode">airplane mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">Text messaging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Message Service">SMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Communication_Services" title="Rich Communication Services">RCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_spam" title="Mobile phone spam">Spam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_tracking" title="Mobile phone tracking">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_web" title="Mobile web">Web browsing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_manufacturers" title="Category:Mobile phone manufacturers">Manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_3D-enabled_mobile_phones" title="List of 3D-enabled mobile phones">3D phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">Car phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projector_phone" title="Projector phone">Projector phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Satellite phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Form factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Bar" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_design" title="Clamshell design">Flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slider" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slate" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">Smartwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldable_smartphone" title="Foldable smartphone">Fold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_smartphones" title="Comparison of smartphones">Smartphones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android devices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">rooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10#Devices" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">iOS jailbreaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Symbian_devices" title="Comparison of Symbian devices">Symbian devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Windows_phones" title="List of Windows phones">Windows Phone devices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile specific <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_application_management" title="Mobile application management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_commerce" title="Mobile commerce">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Marketing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_advertising" title="Mobile advertising">advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_campaign" title="Mobile campaign">campaigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Payments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">contactless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_donating" title="Mobile donating">donating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_ticketing" title="Mobile ticketing">Ticketing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_content" title="Mobile content">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_blogging" title="Mobile blogging">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_email" title="Push email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_gambling" title="Mobile gambling">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHealth" title="MHealth">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-learning" title="M-learning">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_music" title="Mobile music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_news" title="Mobile news">News</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile search (page does not exist)">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_local_search" title="Mobile local search">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_address_book" title="Mobile social address book">address book</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_culture" title="Category:Mobile phone culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_breaker" title="Box breaker">Box breaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_charm" title="Mobile phone charm">Charms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_comic" title="Mobile comic">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_dating" title="Mobile dating">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mobile_phone_culture" title="Japanese mobile phone culture">Japanese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_phone_novel" title="Cell phone novel">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">Ringtones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_mode" title="Silent mode">silent mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">Txt-spk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper_(computing)" title="Wallpaper (computing)">Wallpaper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment and health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">BlackBerry thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Driving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">Electronic waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_external_power_supply" title="Common external power supply">External power supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">Mental health from overuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_vibration_syndrome" title="Phantom vibration syndrome">Phantom vibration syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_device_radiation_and_health" title="Wireless device radiation and health">Radiation and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_IQ" title="Carrier IQ">Carrier IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_recording_by_civilians" title="Legality of recording by civilians">Legality of recording by civilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison" title="Mobile phones in prison">Mobile phones in prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">Telephone tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">Texting while driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_while_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States">USA use restrictions while driving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/28px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/42px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/56px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li> <li><img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/28px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/42px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/56px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_telecommunications" title="Category:Mobile telecommunications">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_protection_system" title="Cable protection system">Cable protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_video" title="Internet video">Internet video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edholm%27s_law" title="Edholm's law">Edholm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_telegraph" title="Optical telegraph">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">Pager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_prepaid_mobile_phones" title="History of prepaid mobile phones">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore" title="Semaphore">Semaphore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phryctoria" title="Phryctoria">Phryctoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_transistor" title="History of the transistor">transistor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telautograph" title="Telautograph">Telautograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a> (teletype)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistled_language" title="Whistled language">Whistled language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless revolution">Wireless revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)" title="Nasir Ahmed (engineer)">Nasir Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_M._Atalla" title="Mohamed M. Atalla">Mohamed M. Atalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Berliner" title="Emile Berliner">Emile Berliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Blake_(inventor)" title="Francis Blake (inventor)">Francis Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bourseul" title="Charles Bourseul">Charles Bourseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogen_Dalal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogen Dalal">Yogen Dalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Davis_Jr." title="Daniel Davis Jr.">Daniel Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Dolbear" title="Amos Dolbear">Amos Dolbear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erna_Schneider_Hoover" title="Erna Schneider Hoover">Erna Schneider Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hopkins_(physicist)" title="Harold Hopkins (physicist)">Harold Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" title="List of Internet pioneers">Internet pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" title="Dawon Kahng">Dawon Kahng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Landell_de_Moura" title="Roberto Landell de Moura">Roberto Landell de Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Manzetti" title="Innocenzo Manzetti">Innocenzo Manzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Meucci" title="Antonio Meucci">Antonio Meucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun-ichi_Nishizawa" title="Jun-ichi Nishizawa">Jun-ichi Nishizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grafton_Page" title="Charles Grafton Page">Charles Grafton Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia_Perlman" title="Radia Perlman">Radia Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivadar_Pusk%C3%A1s" title="Tivadar Puskás">Tivadar Puskás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_Brown_Strowger" title="Almon Brown Strowger">Almon Brown Strowger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sutton_(inventor)" title="Henry Sutton (inventor)">Henry Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner_Tainter" title="Charles Sumner Tainter">Charles Sumner Tainter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Tissot" title="Camille Tissot">Camille Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Watson" title="Thomas A. Watson">Thomas A. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fiber-optic communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_communication" title="Molecular communication">Molecular communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_line" title="Transmission line">Transmission line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_circuit" title="Telecommunication circuit">telecommunication circuit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a> and switching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">Bandwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">terminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">Code-division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_communication" title="Data communication">Data transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_and_forward" title="Store and forward">Store and forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Types of network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">Public Switched Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Notable networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYCLADES" title="CYCLADES">CYCLADES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet2" title="Internet2">Internet2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JANET" title="JANET">JANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPL_network" title="NPL network">NPL network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toasternet" title="Toasternet">Toasternet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Africa" title="Category:Telecommunications in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_North_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in North America">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_South_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in South America">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_Antarctica" title="Category:Communications in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Asia" title="Category:Telecommunications in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Europe" title="Category:Telecommunications in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Oceania" title="Category:Telecommunications in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_telecommunications_regulatory_bodies" title="List of telecommunications regulatory bodies">Global telecommunications regulation bodies</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/16px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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