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</div> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item researchgov"> <a href="https://www.research.gov/"> <span>Research.gov</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item grantsgov"> <a href="https://www.grants.gov/"> <span>Grants.gov</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item baamnsfgov"> <a href="https://baam.nsf.gov/s/"> <span>Baam.nsf.gov</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item our-directorates--offices"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/about/directorates-offices"> <span>Our Directorates & Offices</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item manage-your-award"> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mega-nav-section-2"> <span>Manage Your Award</span> </button> <div id="basic-mega-nav-section-2" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu" hidden=""> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-3"> <div class="usa-col "> <div class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-item-dupe-parent">Guidance For Awardees</span> </div> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item getting-started"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/awards/manage"> <span>Getting Started</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item request-a-change-to-your-award"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/awards/request-a-change"> <span>Request a Change to Your Award</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item report-your-outcomes"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/awards/report-your-outcomes"> <span>Report Your Outcomes</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item proposal--award-policies--procedures-guide-pappg"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/policies/pappg"> <span>Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide (PAPPG)</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="usa-col "> <div class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-item-dupe-parent">Additional Resources</span> </div> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item researchgov"> <a href="https://www.research.gov/"> <span>Research.gov</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item nsf-public-access-repository-par"> <a href="https://par.nsf.gov/"> <span>NSF Public Access Repository (PAR)</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item our-directorates--offices"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/about/directorates-offices"> <span>Our Directorates & Offices</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item search-funded-projects-awards"> <a href="https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/"> <span>Search Funded Projects (Awards)</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item focus-areas"> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link usa-current" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mega-nav-section-3"> <span>Focus Areas</span> </button> <div id="basic-mega-nav-section-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu" hidden=""> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-3"> <div class="usa-col "> <div class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-item-dupe-parent">Areas We Fund</span> </div> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item arctic--antarctic"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/arctic-antarctic"> <span>Arctic & Antarctic</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item astronomy--space"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/astronomy-space"> <span>Astronomy & Space</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item biology"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/biology"> <span>Biology</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item chemistry"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/chemistry"> <span>Chemistry</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item computing"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/computing"> <span>Computing</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item diversity-in-stem"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/funding/initiatives/broadening-participation"> <span>Diversity in STEM</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item earth--environment"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/earth-environment"> <span>Earth & Environment</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item education--training"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/education"> <span>Education & Training</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item engineering"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/engineering"> <span>Engineering</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item facilities--infrastructure"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/infrastructure"> <span>Facilities & Infrastructure</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item materials-research"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/materials"> <span>Materials Research</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item mathematics"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/mathematics"> <span>Mathematics</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item people--society"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/people-society"> <span>People & Society</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item physics-"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/physics"> <span>Physics </span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item research-partnerships"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/research-partnerships"> <span>Research Partnerships</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item technology"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/technology"> <span>Technology</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item explore-all-focus-areas"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas"> <span>Explore all Focus Areas</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="usa-col "> <div class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-item-dupe-parent">Additional Resources</span> </div> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item explore-our-impacts"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/impacts"> <span>Explore Our Impacts</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item search-funded-projects-awards"> <a href="https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/"> <span>Search Funded Projects (Awards)</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item nsf-by-the-numbers"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/about/about-nsf-by-the-numbers"> <span>NSF by the Numbers</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item our-directorates--offices"> <a href="https://new.nsf.gov/about/directorates-offices"> <span>Our Directorates & Offices</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item news--events"> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mega-nav-section-4"> <span>News & Events</span> </button> <div id="basic-mega-nav-section-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu" hidden=""> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-3"> <div class="usa-col "> <div class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <span 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Fuller/NSF" data-component-id="nsf_theme:hero"> <picture class="hero__media hero__image"> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/hero/s3/2023-04/neutrino-water-collision-smlogo.jpg.webp?VersionId=pEP6I_nLETcfWessur3H8Z704XpZVzV9&itok=ksYR19Ng" media="(min-width: 1204px)" type="image/webp" /> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/hero_medium/s3/2023-04/neutrino-water-collision-smlogo.jpg.webp?VersionId=6p.L1Q02dZDZLFdh2yAwc9zGCjsHncdP&itok=baQGCfwY" media="(min-width: 580px)" type="image/webp" /> <img class="hero__image-image" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/hero_small/s3/2023-04/neutrino-water-collision-smlogo.jpg.webp?VersionId=bX2Xg2qhuOQUPWTIGTtomdxqQWzr56rx&itok=ZIB7kMYd" alt="Illustration of a neutrino colliding with water" /> </picture> <span class="hero__overlay"></span> <div class="hero hero--default hero--style-dynamic-image-overlay hero--media-type-image"> <div class="hero__content hero__content--default "> <div class="hero__content-inner"> <div class="hero__meta"> </div> <h1 class="hero__title hero-heading">Physics</h1> <div class="hero__tagline"> Understanding the fundamental workings of the universe — from tiny quantum particles to the largest galaxies. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hero-credit-caption__wrapper"> <div class="hero-credit-caption"> <div class="hero-credit-caption__content"> <span aria-hidden="true"> <div class="icon__camera"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="3.2" fill="#005EA2" /><path d="M9 2L7.17 4H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2h-3.17L15 2H9zm3 15c-2.76 0-5-2.24-5-5s2.24-5 5-5 5 2.24 5 5-2.24 5-5 5z" fill="#005EA2"/></svg> </div> </span> <div class="hero-credit-caption__text"> <a class="credit__link" href="#image-caption-credit-block" > View image credit & caption</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <section class="usa-section uswds-middle-section"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-fill"> <div class="region region-breadcrumb"> <div id="block-nsf-theme-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block block-nsf-theme-breadcrumbs"> <nav id="system-breadcrumb" aria-label="Breadcrumb" class="breadcrumbs"> <ol class="breadcrumbs__list"> <li class="breadcrumbs__item "> <a href="https://www.nsf.gov" class="breadcrumbs__item--url" > <span >Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--has-arrow "> <a href="/focus-areas" class="breadcrumbs__item--url" > <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="64" height="64" viewBox="0 0 64 64"> <title>arrow-left</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="M32.582 0c.566 0 1.067.212 1.502.64l3.265 3.206c.434.427.651.919.651 1.476 0 .554-.216 1.047-.651 1.474L15.759 28h46.048c.538 0 1.005.154 1.4.461l.145.122c.424.39.636.861.636 1.417v4c0 .556-.212 1.028-.636 1.417-.424.389-.94.583-1.545.583H15.76l21.586 21.203c.387.38.602.81.645 1.292l.008.183c0 .555-.218 1.047-.653 1.475l-3.263 3.205c-.435.428-.936.642-1.502.642s-1.066-.213-1.502-.641L.653 33.475C.218 33.048 0 32.555 0 32c0-.556.218-1.048.653-1.474L31.08.639C31.515.212 32.016 0 32.582 0z"/> </svg> <span >Our Focus Areas</span> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs__item "> <span class="breadcrumbs__item--current" aria-current="page">Physics</span> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <main class="uswds-main-content-wrapper grid-container not-search-page three-col-layout"> <div class="grid-row"> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-6"> <div class="region-content full-width-container tablet:grid-col-12"> <div id="content-article-wrap"> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-nsf-theme-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block block-nsf-theme-content"> <article class="node node--type-layout-builder-page node--promoted node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <article class="node text__container node--type-layout-builder-page node--promoted node--view-mode-pre-layout-fields"> <div class="node_view"></div> </article> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--twocol-60-40 constrained-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="body-1"><p>We support explorations of matter, energy and time and how they interact to shape the physical world.</p></div> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><p>NSF support for physics research has led to one pivotal achievement after another, from the breathtaking first image of a black hole to discovering how a tissue's microscopic geometry affects the spread of cancer.</p> <p>Numerous physicists whose careers were launched or supported by NSF have gone on to win the Nobel Prize for groundbreaking discoveries, such as revealing the strange nature of quantum entanglement and the first detection of gravitational waves rippling across space-time.</p></div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <section data-component-id="nsf_theme:related-links" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockrelated-links-with-files nsf-component"> <div class="related-links nsf-component related-links--chevron"> <ul class="link-list"> <li class="link-list__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--attachment paragraph--view-mode--ief-table"> <div class="grid-col-fill"> <div class="field field-para-attachment-link"><a href="/funding/opportunities?sort_bef_combine=nsf_funding_upcoming_due_dates_DESC&f%5B0%5D=division%3A40">Find funding in physics</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--attachment paragraph--view-mode--ief-table"> <div class="grid-col-fill"> <div class="field field-para-attachment-link"><a href="/mps/phy">Division of Physics</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--attachment paragraph--view-mode--ief-table"> <div class="grid-col-fill"> <div class="field field-para-attachment-link"><a href="/mps">Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences</a></div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--threecol constrained-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--headline"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <h2 id="what-we-support-955" class="text__title">What we support</h2> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><p>We support fundamental and applied research across all areas of physics. Our programs focus on areas such as:</p></div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9987" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/Walsworth%20and%20equipment.jpg?VersionId=zWYEbtewdEW5HeOBcX.KCJzQBHwrLi43" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/Walsworth%20and%20equipment.jpg?VersionId=1MXG8UEHvx_L2EHKBfy.lieapZkIiXXU&amp;itok=2Hy1lB1g" data-caption="RQS Senior Investigator Ron Walsworth's lab exploits defects in the molecular structure of diamonds to advance new frontiers in quantum sensing. Using nitrogen vacancies in diamond to create quantum diamond microscopes, researchers can track minute changes in magnetic fields by observing the optical outputs of the lasers pictured here." data-credit="John T. Consoli/University of Maryland" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/Walsworth%20and%20equipment.jpg?VersionId=Kkr638xmCQssRB9ASfqHfQeitgNMHg4b&itok=3itHVSZR" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h3>Quantum physics</h3> <p>We support research on the interaction of matter and energy at extremely small scales — where particles can behave like waves, and waves like particles.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9699" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/201902-108_13.jpg?VersionId=u47RhxA7jU2AKwDz9eUBHiZIPFBEfJfT" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/201902-108_13.jpg?VersionId=vzeKjhKV818QQc7gbCIcL1pDSPBED2OC&amp;itok=XB6xN1Bp" data-caption="LHC tunnel Pictures during LS2 2019-04-30" data-credit="CERN" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/201902-108_13.jpg?VersionId=4DjbtvcBMkq6T0XYNcQ0E3a0pVbp1Fmw&itok=HGN32dUS" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h3>Particle and nuclear physics</h3> <p>We support research on the tiny fundamental particles that form matter and the way they interact to form the physical world.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--third"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9990" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/PF7137_expansion_h.jpg?VersionId=ODNPGjmfwaSeYK_Mdy3vn_FAMA5_o3dq" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/PF7137_expansion_h.jpg?VersionId=M2OYvd6YXOmbQ1qG9yHSfKIWkYWDBt6w&amp;itok=l_q7eVkJ" data-caption="An expanding, ring-shaped cloud of atoms shares several striking features with the early universe. Researchers playing with a cloud of ultracold atoms uncovered behavior that bears a striking resemblance to the universe in microcosm. Their work forges new connections between atomic physics and the sudden expansion of the early universe. "From the atomic physics perspective, the experiment is beautifully described by existing theory," says Stephen Eckel, an atomic physicist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and lead author of a published paper on the research. "But even more striking is how that theory connects with cosmology." In several sets of experiments, Eckel and colleagues rapidly expanded the size of a doughnut-shaped cloud of atoms, taking snapshots during the process. The growth happens so fast that the cloud is left humming, and a related hum may have appeared on cosmic scales during the rapid expansion of the early universe -- an epoch that cosmologists refer to as the period of inflation. The work brought together experts in atomic physics and gravity, and the authors say it is a testament to the versatility of the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) -- an ultracold cloud of atoms that can be described as a single quantum object -- as a platform for testing ideas from other areas of physics. "Maybe this will one day inform future models of cosmology," Eckel says. "Or vice versa. Maybe there will be a model of cosmology thatÕs difficult to solve but that you could simulate using a cold atomic gas." To learn more about this research, see the Joint Quantum Institute news story Atoms may hum a tune from grand cosmic symphony." data-credit="E. Edwards/JQI" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/PF7137_expansion_h.jpg?VersionId=cDFPq4YhrfhOlisdrfrUM0IO2O33ojGy&itok=8pntprZ4" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h3>Atomic, molecular and optical physics</h3> <p>We support research on atoms and molecules and how they interact with light.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--threecol constrained-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9353" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/Dialogue%20of%20regimes_h.png?VersionId=mREUd7g6TvvFv49v8Z72XBB5cleRv_bm" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/Dialogue%20of%20regimes_h.png?VersionId=E59XMvEmGPur9.n9GDwFC47llOW9nHdY&amp;itok=hEZyJAvK" data-caption="This image shows turbulent mixing of a magnetized plasma consisting of electrons and protons, modeled using the high-fidelity simulation code. The color palette highlights the multi-scale structure of magnetic turbulence expected to occur in astrophysical accretion disks." data-credit="Giannandrea Inchingolo (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY SA 4.0</a>)." data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/Dialogue%20of%20regimes_h.png?VersionId=xmMbLXf_L8OgYsiZYLyeB7fjbCA8_YCc&itok=JcBax8DX" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h3>Plasma physics</h3> <p>We support research on plasma: the fundamental state of matter thought to make up 99% of the visible universe.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9992" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-07/binary%20black%20hole_h.jpg?VersionId=Sz948FSJ7LD1F3OZv2cjlYWk_T7df8B7" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-07/binary%20black%20hole_h.jpg?VersionId=pCChjFCcRX8bXinJZMkOzDSgZwwS5Chc&amp;itok=i9Q81edR" data-caption="The merging of a pair of binary black holes produced gravitational waves equal to the energy of eight suns." data-credit="Mark Myers, ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav)/Swinburne University" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-07/binary%20black%20hole_h.jpg?VersionId=KHLEspf_3qMmRtC4c5SU_WQzocRQLkqk&itok=zvSpyLGe" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h3>Gravitational physics</h3> <p>We support research on the general theory of relativity and the nature of space and time.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--third"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9993" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/media_hub/pf7184_008_h_0.jpg?VersionId=Sg1GcljdctZ1ND2WAjMNMac0cbJhhzBB" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/media_hub/pf7184_008_h_0.jpg?VersionId=c3L9CCE36.3_E4jQctA1n3GqvrtijGKj&amp;itok=bvu7LjHz" data-caption="Researchers found that viruses may inject their DNA into a host cell synchronously or randomly; the difference appears to influence the course of infection." data-credit="Alex Evilevitch and Ting Liu" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/media_hub/pf7184_008_h_0.jpg?VersionId=jyn57gyBLYM3mHKRppTv3KCL40lMSg_X&itok=d-e-G9ND" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h3>Physics of living systems</h3> <p>We support research on the fundamental physical building blocks and how they interact to form the diversity of life.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--threecol constrained-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9994" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/NRAO-002-pulsarwind_noradioJ_lrg.jpg?VersionId=9BUp4w5XDlpPAp5u5uFh9552xenYM7Qn" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/NRAO-002-pulsarwind_noradioJ_lrg.jpg?VersionId=M3P38dtOjcbsKW6vXN67GHsKIH_qlWcR&amp;itok=8c-LspUN" data-caption="A few years later, the outer layers of the star have now expanded by a factor of 1000x . A swirling pulsar wind nebula has formed with intense radio emission coming out of it, but that radio emission is completely trapped within the formerouter layers of the now exploded star." data-credit="Melissa Weiss, NRAO/AUI/NSF" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/NRAO-002-pulsarwind_noradioJ_lrg.jpg?VersionId=AmjWRiD.8SEEMo5d90yS2fqGuCyV8Iee&itok=S2VVT594" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h3>Cosmology</h3> <p>We support research on the origin, evolution and fate of the universe.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><br></div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--third"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><br></div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--footer"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockbutton alignment-center nsf-component"> <a href="/mps/phy" title="Visit the Division of Physics to learn more" class="link-button usa-button usa-button--outline " > Visit the Division of Physics to learn more </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="palette palette--light-gray layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--threecol full-browser-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--headline"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <h2 id="our-facilities-be8" class="text__title">Our facilities</h2> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><p>We support research centers, user facilities, laboratories and instruments that accelerate discovery, spark the imaginations of students and address societal challenges. Our facilities include:</p></div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9653" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/PF7240_2018_h.jpg?VersionId=_lfoAWjkQlPY99o4WbdJ52CBis4bUphL" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/PF7240_2018_h.jpg?VersionId=_P2B13TCRoe4B7LFpL4BrNIlPwGcRmab&amp;itok=leFk7gMD" data-caption="A bright moon illuminates the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory, located at the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station." data-credit="Raffaela Busse; ICECUBE/National Science Foundation" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/PF7240_2018_h.jpg?VersionId=QEoHSpw3ID8AqId0TtcTJPBDurvCdiQ4&itok=uTt2kRBS" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h3>IceCube Neutrino Observatory</h3> <p>NSF's IceCube Neutrino Observatory is an enormous and unusual telescope: a grid of thousands of sensors embedded in a cubic kilometer of ice deep in the Antarctic ice sheet that allows it to detect tiny, elusive neutrinos — the least understood particles in the Standard Model of particle physics.</p> </div> <div class="cta__link"> <a href="https://icecube.wisc.edu/" > Learn more about IceCube</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9699" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/201902-108_13.jpg?VersionId=u47RhxA7jU2AKwDz9eUBHiZIPFBEfJfT" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/201902-108_13.jpg?VersionId=vzeKjhKV818QQc7gbCIcL1pDSPBED2OC&amp;itok=XB6xN1Bp" data-caption="LHC tunnel Pictures during LS2 2019-04-30" data-credit="CERN" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/201902-108_13.jpg?VersionId=4DjbtvcBMkq6T0XYNcQ0E3a0pVbp1Fmw&itok=HGN32dUS" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h3>Large Hadron Collider</h3> <p>NSF supports two particle physics detectors — ATLAS and CMS — at the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland. LHC is the most powerful particle accelerator ever constructed, making it the premier facility in the world for research in elementary particle physics.</p> </div> <div class="cta__link"> <a href="https://home.cern/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider" > Learn more about the Large Hadron Collider</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--third"> <div class="cta block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-cta nsf-component" data-media-id="9655" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/LIGO_green_h.jpg?VersionId=YvxwLktytVieeuhcYvDjhiDThplg5lqF" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/LIGO_green_h.jpg?VersionId=cBkVLq9D.1zwICgpCRSGwSHL2e04MMgK&amp;itok=1QFhSbfM" data-caption="A Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory installation specialist checks the alignment of a test beam on the optical table of a transmission monitor system at the far end of one of LIGO's 4 kilometer detector arms. More about this image On Sept. 14, 2015, at 5:51 a.m. EDT (09:51 UTC), for the first time, scientists observed ripples in the fabric of spacetime, called gravitational waves, arriving at Earth from a cataclysmic event in the distant universe. This confirmed a major prediction of Albert Einstein's 1915 general theory of relativity and opens an unprecedented new window to the cosmos. The gravitational waves were detected by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington. The LIGO observatories are funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and were conceived, built and are operated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Gravitational waves carry information about their dramatic origins and about the nature of gravity that cannot be obtained from elsewhere. Physicists have concluded that the detected gravitational waves were produced during the final fraction of a second of the merger of two black holes to produce a single, more massive spinning black hole. This collision of two black holes had been predicted but never observed. Based on the observed signals, LIGO scientists estimate that the black holes for this event were about 29 and 36 times the mass of the sun, and the event took place 1.3 billion years ago. About three times the mass of the sun was converted into gravitational waves in a fraction of a second -- with a peak power output about 50 times that of the whole visible universe. By looking at the time of arrival of the signals -- the detector in Livingston recorded the event 7 milliseconds before the detector in Hanford -- scientists can say that the source was located in the Southern Hemisphere. The new LIGO discovery is the first observation of gravitational waves themselves, made by measuring the tiny disturbances the waves make to space and time as they pass through the Earth." data-credit="LIGO Laboratory" data-component-id="nsf_theme:cta"> <div class="cta__image"> <img class="cta__img--full" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/cta_image/s3/2023-04/LIGO_green_h.jpg?VersionId=HqT7qimyv.W0v8bftrvSszFmpH14WoAD&itok=gRbKC6mP" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cta__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-block-cta-body"><h3>Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory</h3> <p>LIGO is the most sophisticated detector of its kind ever created. In 2015, mere days after its advanced instruments were switched on, LIGO detected gravitational waves for the first time, confirming a major prediction of Albert Einstein's 1915 general theory of relativity.</p> </div> <div class="cta__link"> <a href="https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/" > Learn more about LIGO</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--twocol constrained-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--headline"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <h2 id="special-topics-957" class="text__title">Special topics</h2> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><ul> <li> <h3><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="9c550e12-4f1c-47ce-ab8f-f1ef04ca7319" href="/focus-areas/quantum" title="Quantum Information Science">Quantum information science</a></h3> </li> </ul></div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><ul><li><h3><a href="/focus-areas/solar-science" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="14c271a0-e158-4741-babd-3e50f7a4d092" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Solar Science">Solar science</a></h3></li></ul></div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="palette palette--light-blue layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--base full-browser-width"> <div class = "nsf-layout--outer"> <div class = "nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <h2 id="featured-news-372" class="text__title">Featured news</h2> </section> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blocknsf-news nsf-component nsf-news-latest-news nsf-news--horizontal"> <div class="field field-nsfnews-latest-news"> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blocklatest-news-nsfnews-sciencematters block-views-block-latest-news-nsfnews-sciencematters--2" id="block-views-block-latest-news-nsfnews-sciencematters--2"> <div><!-- network: 0 - Wed, 27 Nov 2024 22:29:51 -0500 --> <div class="view view-latest-news view-id-latest_news view-display-id-nsfnews_sciencematters js-view-dom-id-3f0f17d9503f0e2d6c471b605ab773d14d5a8d7c7bcee81847dd1fcb997c20f9"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="vertical-news-teaser " > <span class="label-gray vertical-news-teaser__type"> Science Matters </span> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__image"> <img class="" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/news_teaser/s3/media_hub/Screenshot%202024-11-08%20100140.png?VersionId=pZoEr0aU6OFTBx1scc0Yf.e5byif9UJK&itok=TbK4mJCC" alt="Nobel Peace Prize Medal" /> </div> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__content"> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2024-11-19T13:20:28-05:00" title="Tuesday, November 19, 2024 - 13:20" class="datetime">November 19, 2024</time> </div> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__headline"> <h3> <a href="/science-matters/nsf-continues-strong-legacy-nobel-prize-winners"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">NSF continues strong legacy with Nobel Prize winners</span> </a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div class="vertical-news-teaser " > <span class="label-gray vertical-news-teaser__type"> NSF News </span> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__image"> <img class="" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/news_teaser/s3/media_hub/nobel24-physics-news-hero-john-hopfield-geoffrey-hinton.jpg?VersionId=8r4Q1R9GLLTSJH7tn8hu2Kyftsx_Q5o6&itok=SCMCXBFm" alt="sketch portraits of two men" /> </div> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__content"> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2024-10-08T15:04:31-04:00" title="Tuesday, October 8, 2024 - 15:04" class="datetime">October 8, 2024</time> </div> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__headline"> <h3> <a href="/news/nsf-congratulates-laureates-2024-nobel-prize-physics"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">NSF congratulates laureates of the 2024 Nobel Prize in physics</span> </a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div class="vertical-news-teaser " > <span class="label-gray vertical-news-teaser__type"> NSF Stories </span> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__image"> <img class="" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/news_teaser/s3/media_hub/P3_50-largest-neurons-of-the-fly-brain-sloan-sterling.png?VersionId=Z7_KFMxyiZTJ.qjEoRZYYZBVOikGDyu0&itok=6h5XZHVs" alt="The 50 largest neurons of the adult fruit fly brain connectome." /> </div> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__content"> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2024-10-04T10:31:30-04:00" title="Friday, October 4, 2024 - 10:31" class="datetime">October 4, 2024</time> </div> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__headline"> <h3> <a href="/news/creating-largest-most-comprehensive-picture-neural"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Creating the largest, most comprehensive picture of neural connections to date</span> </a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockbutton alignment-center nsf-component"> <a href="/news/releases?query=&f%5B0%5D=science_topics%3APhysics" title="Explore physics news" class="link-button usa-button usa-button--outline " > Explore physics news </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--twocol full-browser-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--headline"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <h2 id="educational-resources-733" class="text__title">Educational resources</h2> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <section data-component-id="nsf_theme:related-links" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockrelated-links-with-files nsf-component"> <div class="related-links nsf-component related-links--chevron"> <ul class="link-list"> <li class="link-list__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--attachment paragraph--view-mode--ief-table"> <div class="grid-col-fill"> <div class="field field-para-attachment-link"><a href="https://www.teachengineering.org/curriculum/browse?subjectArea=Physics">K-12 curriculum: Physics</a></div> <div class="field field-para-attachment-desc">Explore lesson plans and engaging activities for teaching physics to elementary through high school students.</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <section data-component-id="nsf_theme:related-links" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockrelated-links-with-files nsf-component"> <div class="related-links nsf-component related-links--chevron"> <ul class="link-list"> <li class="link-list__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--attachment paragraph--view-mode--ief-table"> <div class="grid-col-fill"> <div class="field field-para-attachment-link"><a 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detected gravitational waves — ripples in the fabric of space-time.</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--threecol constrained-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="image-link image-link--icon with-title block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockimage-link nsf-component" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockimage-link nsf-component" data-media-id="8102" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/Spotlight_white.png?VersionId=Vyh.E.jG1YBcuC8cqub54p7Hz3MBTci1&amp;itok=R1swG9I_" data-caption="Spotlight_white" data-credit="U.S.National Science Foundation" data-component-id="nsf_theme:image-link"> 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