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Almansour</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Faris Almansour"> <meta name="keywords" content="Faris Almansour"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Faris Almansour"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 25</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Faris Almansour</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Compact Microstrip Ultra-Wideband Bandstop Filter With Quasi-Elliptic Function Response</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Shaman">Hussein Shaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Almansour"> Faris Almansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a modified optimum bandstop filter with ultra-wideband stopband. The filter consists of three shunt open-circuited stubs and two non-redundant unit elements. The proposed bandstop filter is designed with unequal electrical lengths of the open-circuited stubs at the mid-stopband. Therefore, the filter can exhibit a quasi-elliptic function response that improves the selectivity and enhances the rejection bandwidth. The filter is designed to exhibit a fractional bandwidth of about 114% at a mid-stopband frequency of 3.0 GHz. The filter is successfully realized in theory, simulated, fabricated and measured. An excellent agreement is obtained between calculated, simulated and measured. The fabricated filter has a compact size with a low insertion loss in the passbands, high selectivity and good attenuation level inside the desired stopband <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20filter" title="microstrip filter">microstrip filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandstop%20filter" title=" bandstop filter"> bandstop filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UWB%20filter" title=" UWB filter"> UWB filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20line%20filter" title=" transmission line filter"> transmission line filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151305/compact-microstrip-ultra-wideband-bandstop-filter-with-quasi-elliptic-function-response" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Artificial Intelligence: Mathway and Its Features</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aroob%20Binhimd">Aroob Binhimd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyan%20Sayoti"> Lyan Sayoti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Almansour"> Rana Almansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, artificial intelligence has grown drastically. This has led to the growth of educational programs to help students in solving educational problems and assist them in understanding certain topics. The purpose of this report is to investigate the Mathway application. Mathway is a mathematics software that teaches students how to solve and handle mathematical issues. The app allows students to insert questions manually on the platform or take a picture of the question, and then they get an answer to this mathematical question. It helps students enhance their performance in mathematics. This app can also be used to verify or check if their answers are correct. The report will include a questionnaire to collect data and analyze the users of this application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathway" title=" Mathway"> Mathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics" title=" mathematics"> mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20problems" title=" mathematical problems"> mathematical problems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139827/artificial-intelligence-mathway-and-its-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> The Impact of COVID-19 Measures on Children with Disabilities and Their Families in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Algahtani">Faris Algahtani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The COVID 19 pandemic and associated public health measures have disrupted the lives of peoplearound the world, including children. There is little knowledge about how pandemic measures have affected children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The aim and objectives of this qualitative study was to learn about the outcomes and impacts of the pandemic on children ages 0-8 in KSA. The study was based on 40 in-depth interviews that were conducted with experts in health, social protection, education, and early learning, children with special needs, and economics, including decision makers as well as specialists in service provision. The interviews were recorded and translated from Arabic to English into summary notes. The narrative was coded and analyzed following a thematic analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disabilities" title="disabilities">disabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=families" title=" families"> families</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145118/the-impact-of-covid-19-measures-on-children-with-disabilities-and-their-families-in-the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145118.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> The Influence of Work Experience on Conflict Management Styles of Organizational Members</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Alghamdi">Faris Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Identifying which conflict management styles organizational members prefer, and what variables influence these selections, is an essential component of organizational conflict management as well as human resource management, particularly in training and development strategies. This study aims to examine the relationship between work experience and preferred conflict management styles. Utilizing the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory- II Form C, data were collected from 109 full-time employees of various organizations in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between the integrating conflict management style and the length of work experience. Nevertheless, this relationship was negative, not positive as hypothesized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict%20management%20style" title="conflict management style">conflict management style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20members" title=" organizational members"> organizational members</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20experience" title=" work experience"> work experience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36687/the-influence-of-work-experience-on-conflict-management-styles-of-organizational-members" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Jordanian Juglans regia L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamoud%20Alshammari">Hamoud Alshammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Almezani"> Adnan Almezani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamdan%20Alshammari"> Hamdan Alshammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Alharbi"> Faris Alharbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study we have examined of antimicrobial activity for unripe Juglan Regia phenolic extracts against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a member of Juglandaceae family used as a remedy in folk medicine. Leaves, barks, fruits and husk (peel) reported to harbor distinctive medical effect. In our study, we examined the anti-microbial effect against a set of gram positive and negative bacteria and even we have tested them against eukaryotic candida strains in a concentration gradual manner. Ethyl acetate extract of J. regia had the best antibacterial activity when compared with ciprofloxacin. The Minimum inhibition concentration for S. aureus, P. aerogenosa and S. epidermidis MIC was 0.85 mg/mL. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20regia" title=" J. regia"> J. regia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20aureus" title=" S. aureus"> S. aureus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemistry" title=" phytochemistry"> phytochemistry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79572/evaluation-of-antimicrobial-activity-of-phenolic-compounds-extracted-from-jordanian-juglans-regia-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Behaviour of Beam Reinforced with Longitudinal Steel-CFRP Composite Reinforcement under Static Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20A.%20Uriayer">Faris A. Uriayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehtab%20Alam"> Mehtab Alam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of using a hybrid composite by combining two or more different materials to produce bilinear stress–strain behaviour has become a subject of interest. Having studied the mechanical properties of steel-CFRP specimens (CFRP Laminate Sandwiched between Mild Steel Strips), full size steel-CFRP composite reinforcement were fabricated and used as a new reinforcing material inside beams in lieu of traditional steel bars. Four beams, three beams reinforced with steel-CFRP composite reinforcement and one beam reinforced with traditional steel bars were cast, cured and tested under quasi-static loading. The flexural test results of the beams reinforced with this composite reinforcement showed that the beams with steel-CFRP composite reinforcement had comparable flexural strength and flexural ductility with beams reinforced with traditional steel bars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFRP%20laminate" title="CFRP laminate">CFRP laminate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20strip" title=" steel strip"> steel strip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20behaviour" title=" flexural behaviour"> flexural behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20model" title=" modified model"> modified model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20beam" title=" concrete beam"> concrete beam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23469/behaviour-of-beam-reinforced-with-longitudinal-steel-cfrp-composite-reinforcement-under-static-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">689</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Improving the Performance of Gas Turbine Power Plant by Modified Axial Turbine </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakim%20T.%20Kadhim">Hakim T. Kadhim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20A.%20Jabbar"> Faris A. Jabbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aldo%20Rona"> Aldo Rona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Audrius%20Bagdanaviciu"> Audrius Bagdanaviciu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computer-based optimization techniques can be employed to improve the efficiency of energy conversions processes, including reducing the aerodynamic loss in a thermal power plant turbomachine. In this paper, towards mitigating secondary flow losses, a design optimization workflow is implemented for the casing geometry of a 1.5 stage axial flow turbine that improves the turbine isentropic efficiency. The improved turbine is used in an open thermodynamic gas cycle with regeneration and cogeneration. Performance estimates are obtained by the commercial software Cycle – Tempo. Design and off design conditions are considered as well as variations in inlet air temperature. Reductions in both the natural gas specific fuel consumption and in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are predicted by using the gas turbine cycle fitted with the new casing design. These gains are attractive towards enhancing the competitiveness and reducing the environmental impact of thermal power plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20flow%20turbine" title="axial flow turbine">axial flow turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20turbine%20power%20plant" title=" gas turbine power plant"> gas turbine power plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93179/improving-the-performance-of-gas-turbine-power-plant-by-modified-axial-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Effect of Nano-Copper Oxide Synthesized by Solution-Based Chemical Precipitation Method on Antibacterial Polyester Nanocopper Oxide Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordy%20Herfandi">Jordy Herfandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Naufal"> Faris Naufal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Zulfia%20Syahrial"> Anne Zulfia Syahrial</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antibacterial materials have become future textile materials due to the escalation of people’s awareness regarding the importance of maintaining health. Textile materials with antibacterial properties are examples in application which has positive results in various aspects. In this research polyester nano-copper oxide composite with nanoparticle is synthesized by solution-based chemical precipitation method from Cu(NO3)2 solution. Parameters such as precursor concentration is varied to determine which composition would result in effective properties of antibacterial composite. The antibacterial property is observed using disk diffusion method and SEM observation is conducted on each specimen. The composites produced are able to inhibit the growth of both positive gram bacteria (i.e. S. aureus) and negative gram bacteria (i.e. E. coli), thus, highly capable of helping to prevent the spread of disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20oxide%20nanoparticle" title="copper oxide nanoparticle">copper oxide nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solution-based%20chemical%20precipitation" title=" solution-based chemical precipitation"> solution-based chemical precipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyester%20composite" title=" polyester composite"> polyester composite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5929/effect-of-nano-copper-oxide-synthesized-by-solution-based-chemical-precipitation-method-on-antibacterial-polyester-nanocopper-oxide-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Integrated Grey Rational Analysis-Standard Deviation Method for Handover in Heterogeneous Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohanad%20Alhabo">Mohanad Alhabo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Nawaz"> Naveed Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Al-Faris"> Mahmoud Al-Faris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dense deployment of small cells is a promising solution to enhance the coverage and capacity of the heterogeneous networks (HetNets). However, the unplanned deployment could bring new challenges to the network ranging from interference, unnecessary handovers and handover failures. This will cause a degradation in the quality of service (QoS) delivered to the end user. In this paper, we propose an integrated Grey Rational Analysis Standard Deviation based handover method (GRA-SD) for HetNet. The proposed method integrates the Standard Deviation (SD) technique to acquire the weight of the handover metrics and the GRA method to select the best handover base station. The performance of the GRA-SD method is evaluated and compared with the traditional Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) methods including Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) and VIKOR methods. Results reveal that the proposed method has outperformed the other methods in terms of minimizing the number of frequent unnecessary handovers and handover failures, in addition to improving the energy efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title="energy efficiency">energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handover" title=" handover"> handover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HetNets" title=" HetNets"> HetNets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MADM" title=" MADM"> MADM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20cells" title=" small cells"> small cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128577/integrated-grey-rational-analysis-standard-deviation-method-for-handover-in-heterogeneous-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> The Impact of the Saudi New E-Commerce Law on Protecting E-Commerce Investments in Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Algarni">Faris Algarni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia adopted a new law of e-commerce on July 10, 2019, which is the first Saudi law regarding e-commerce. The practice of e-commerce has been started in Saudi Arabia a few years ago with no specific rules to govern e-commerce in the Kingdom. The adoption of the law raises the concern of the ability of the law to provide real protection to both the investors and the customers. Based on that, this article seeks to respond to some questions related to the protection of investors of e-commerce in Saudi Arabia, using a quantitative method through questionnaires to gather primary data. The study tried to find the impact of adopting a new Saudi law of e-commerce on the protection of the investors from the point of view of those investors. By answering this main question, this article provides an answer to the question of whether there is a need to reform the Saudi law of e-commerce to convince existing and potential foreign investors to invest in the Kingdom through e-commerce. Questions were put to the respondents to determine their level of satisfaction with the Saudi law of e-commerce and what reforms to that system would enhance the attractiveness of the Kingdom as an investment environment for e-commerce investors, based on the information gathered and the analysis of them. A key finding is that the law of e-commerce is a core factor in the decision of investors to continue investing in the e-commerce market in Saudi Arabia. A subsequent finding is that some of the respondents are not fully satisfied with the new law and think that the law provides more protection to the customers than the investors. So, they are suggesting some legal reforms to be implemented in the bylaw of e-commerce, which is not adopted yet in order to attract them to continue investing in the Kingdom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title=" law"> law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investors" title=" investors"> investors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection" title=" protection"> protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116223/the-impact-of-the-saudi-new-e-commerce-law-on-protecting-e-commerce-investments-in-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Barriers That Special Education Teachers Faced When Working with Students with Intellectual Disabilities in an Inclusion Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Algahtani">Faris Algahtani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Every child has a right to education. This is one of the laws in the constitution and it empowers every child to access knowledge but it does not, however, allocate special interest to the rights of education for children with disabilities. It also does not address the challenges that teachers of such children face while trying to educate them. This study was conducted at government schools of Saudi Arabia. As the teaching profession is the most valuable profession and deserves to have its challenges tackled. This paper explores the challenges that teachers face as they try to teach students who have intellectual disabilities (ID). It looks at the daily challenges of a teacher who has to teach both children with disabilities and those without. The literature review shed light on the various aspects of mainstream education from the classroom to the outside environment to the teachers involved in mainstream education. The study employed qualitative methods in which Focus Group Discussions were utilized and Twenty (N=20) special education teachers were randomly sampled from primary schools through 6 groups of teachers from 6 different schools were interviewed through semi-structured interviews with the aim of drawing collective perceptions rather than personal perceptions about the challenges. The study found that most teachers had similar perceptions about the challenges that teachers face as they educate students with intellectual disabilities. The study recommends that The Ministry of Education should consider increasing the availability of special needs courses, workshops and conference for special education teachers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20disabilities" title="intellectual disabilities">intellectual disabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusion" title=" inclusion"> inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mainstream%20schools" title=" mainstream schools"> mainstream schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disabilities" title=" disabilities"> disabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20education%20teachers" title=" special education teachers"> special education teachers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105110/barriers-that-special-education-teachers-faced-when-working-with-students-with-intellectual-disabilities-in-an-inclusion-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Exploring Smartphone Applications for Enhancing Second Language Vocabulary Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulmajeed%20Almansour">Abdulmajeed Almansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Learning a foreign language with the assistant of technological tools has become an interest of learners and educators. Increased use of smartphones among undergraduate students has made them popular for not only social communication but also for entertainment and educational purposes. Smartphones have provided remarkable advantages in language learning process. Learning vocabulary is an important part of learning a language. The use of smartphone applications for English vocabulary learning provides an opportunity for learners to improve vocabulary knowledge beyond the classroom wall anytime anywhere. Recently, various smartphone applications were created specifically for vocabulary learning. This paper aims to explore the use of smartphone application Memrise designed for vocabulary learning to enhance academic vocabulary among undergraduate students. It examines whether the use of a Memrise smartphone application designed course enhances the academic vocabulary learning among ESL learners. The research paradigm used in this paper followed a mixed research model combining quantitative and qualitative research. The study included two hundred undergraduate students randomly assigned to the experimental and controlled group during the first academic year at the Faculty of English Language, Imam University. The research instruments included an attitudinal questionnaire and an English vocabulary pre-test administered to students at the beginning of the semester whereas post-test and semi-structured interviews administered at the end of the semester. The findings of the attitudinal questionnaire revealed a positive attitude towards using smartphones in learning vocabulary. The post-test scores showed a significant difference in the experimental group performance. The results from the semi-structure interviews showed that there were positive attitudes towards Memrise smartphone application. The students found the application enjoyable, convenient and efficient learning tool. From the study, the use of the Memrise application is seen to have long-term and motivational benefits to students. For this reason, there is a need for further research to identify the long-term optimal effects of learning a language using smartphone applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language%20vocabulary%20learning" title="second language vocabulary learning">second language vocabulary learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20vocabulary" title=" academic vocabulary"> academic vocabulary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning%20technologies" title=" mobile learning technologies"> mobile learning technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smartphone%20applications" title=" smartphone applications"> smartphone applications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93099/exploring-smartphone-applications-for-enhancing-second-language-vocabulary-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Effect of Particles Size and Volume Fraction Concentration on the Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Al2O3 Nanofluids Measured Using Transient Hot–Wire Laser Beam Deflection Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Mahmood%20Mat%20Yunus">W. Mahmood Mat Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Mohammed%20Ali"> Faris Mohammed Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainal%20Abidin%20Talib"> Zainal Abidin Talib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study we present new data for the thermal conductivity enhancement in four nanofluids containing 11, 25, 50, 63 nm diameter aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles in distilled water. The nanofluids were prepared using single step method (i.e. by dispersing nanoparticle directly in base fluid) which was gathered in ultrasonic device for approximately 7 hours. The transient hot-wire laser beam displacement technique was used to measure the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the prepared nanofluids. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity were obtained by fitting the experimental data to the numerical data simulated for aluminum oxide in distilled water. The results show that the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of nanofluids increases in non-linear behavior as the particle size increases. While, the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of Al2O3 nanofluids was observed increasing linearly with concentration as the volume fraction concentration increases. We believe that the interfacial layer between solid/fluid is the main factor for the enhancement of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of Al2O3 nanofluids in the present work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20hot%20wire-laser%20beam%20technique" title="transient hot wire-laser beam technique">transient hot wire-laser beam technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al2O3%20nanofluid" title=" Al2O3 nanofluid"> Al2O3 nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size" title=" particle size"> particle size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20fraction%20concentration" title=" volume fraction concentration"> volume fraction concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3987/effect-of-particles-size-and-volume-fraction-concentration-on-the-thermal-conductivity-and-thermal-diffusivity-of-al2o3-nanofluids-measured-using-transient-hot-wire-laser-beam-deflection-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3987.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> The Possible Role of the Endoneurial Fibroblast-like Cells in Resolution of the Endoneurial Edema Following Nerve Crush Injury</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20M.%20Altaf">Faris M. Altaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20M%20Elkeshy">Abdullah M Elkeshy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forty-two albino male rats aged between 30 and 40 days (weighted 200 g to 250 g) were used in the present study. The left sural nerves of 36 rats were subjected to crush injury at 1 to 6 weeks intervals using 6 animals at each interval. The right and left sural nerves of the rest 6 rats were used as a control. After 2 weeks of the crush injury, the endoneurium showed channel-like spaces that were lined by the fibroblast-like cells and collagen bundles. These channels contained degenerated myelin and were connected with the perivascular and subperineurial spaces. Some of the flattened fibroblast-like cells were arranged in several layers in the subperineurial and perivascular spaces, forming barrier-like cellular sheets localizing the endoneurial edema in these spaces. Fibroblast-like cells also wrapped the regenerating nerve fibers by their branching cytoplasmic processes. At the end of the third week, the flattened fibroblasts formed nearly continuous sheets in the subperineurial and perivascular spaces. Macrophages were frequently noticed between these cellular barrier-like sheets and in the subperineurial and perivascular spaces. Conclusion: it could be concluded that the endoneurial fibroblast-like cells form barrier-like cellular sheets that localized the endoneurial edema in the subperineurial and perivascular spaces and create also the endoneurial channel-like spaces containing degenerated myelin and endoneurial edema helping the resolution of such edema. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sural%20nerve" title="sural nerve">sural nerve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endoneurial%20fibroblast-like%20cells" title=" endoneurial fibroblast-like cells"> endoneurial fibroblast-like cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endoneurial%20edema" title=" endoneurial edema"> endoneurial edema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barrier-like%20and%20channel-like%20spaces" title=" barrier-like and channel-like spaces"> barrier-like and channel-like spaces</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33019/the-possible-role-of-the-endoneurial-fibroblast-like-cells-in-resolution-of-the-endoneurial-edema-following-nerve-crush-injury" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Constraints and Opportunities of Wood Production Value Chain: Evidence from Southwest Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abduselam%20Faris">Abduselam Faris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rijalu%20Negash"> Rijalu Negash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zera%20Kedir"> Zera Kedir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was initiated to identify constraints and opportunities of the wood production value chain in Southwest Ethiopia. About 385 wood trees growing farmers were randomly interviewed. Similarly, about 30 small-scale wood processors, 30 retailers, 15 local collectors and 5 wholesalers were purposively included in the study. The results of the study indicated that 98.96 % of the smallholder farmers that engaged in the production of wood trees which is used for wood were male-headed, with an average age of 46.88 years. The main activity that the household engaged was agriculture (crop and livestock) which accounts for about 61.56% of the sample respondents. Through value chain mapping of actors, the major value chain participant and supporting actors were identified. On average, the tree-growing farmers generated gross income of 9385.926 Ethiopian birr during the survey year. Among the critical constraints identified along the wood production value chain was limited supply of credit, poor market information dissemination, high interference of brokers, and shortage of machines, inadequate working area and electricity. The availability of forest resources is the leading opportunity in the wood production value chain. Reinforcing the linkage among wood production value chain actors, providing skill training for small-scale processors, and developing suitable policy for wood tree wise use is key recommendations forward. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20chain%20analysis" title="value chain analysis">value chain analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20production" title=" wood production"> wood production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=southwest%20Ethiopia" title=" southwest Ethiopia"> southwest Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constraints%20and%20opportunities" title=" constraints and opportunities"> constraints and opportunities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150339/constraints-and-opportunities-of-wood-production-value-chain-evidence-from-southwest-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Extent of Applying Evidence Based Practices in Inclusion Programs for Pupils with Intellectual Disability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Algahtani">Faris Algahtani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study aimed to reveal the extent to which evidence-based practices are applied in programs to integrate students with intellectual disabilities from the point of view of their teachers in Yanbu Governorate, and to reveal statistically significant differences in their application of evidence-based practices according to the following variables: gender, educational qualification, experience and training courses. The researcher used the descriptive approach, and accordingly; she designed a questionnaire consisting of 22 phrases applied it to a random sample of (97) teachers of intellectual disability in the integration programs of the Ministry of Education in the government sector in Yanbu Governorate, with (49) male teachers and (48) female teachers. The study showed that teachers of students with intellectual disabilities apply evidence-based practices in programs to integrate students with intellectual disabilities to a large extent. Among the most prominent of these practices came reinforcement in the first place, followed by using visual stimuli/aids, and in the third-place came starting with less complex or challenging skills then moving to more difficult skills. The results also showed no statistically significant differences over the extent of the application attributed to the variables of experience, qualification or training. On the other hand, there were statistically significant differences over the extent of the application attributed to gender in favor of females. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evidence-based%20practices" title="evidence-based practices">evidence-based practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20disability" title=" intellectual disability"> intellectual disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusion%20programs" title=" inclusion programs"> inclusion programs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers%20of%20students%20with%20intellectual%20disabilities" title=" teachers of students with intellectual disabilities"> teachers of students with intellectual disabilities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161797/extent-of-applying-evidence-based-practices-in-inclusion-programs-for-pupils-with-intellectual-disability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> The Prevalence of Blood-Borne Viral Infections among Autopsy Cases in Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emad%20Al-Abdallat">Emad Al-Abdallat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20G.%20Bakri"> Faris G. Bakri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azmi%20Mahafza"> Azmi Mahafza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayyan%20Al%20Ali"> Rayyan Al Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nidaa%20Ababneh"> Nidaa Ababneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Idhair"> Ahmed Idhair </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Morgues are high-risk areas for the spread of infection from the cadavers to the staff during the postmortem examination. Infection can spread from corpses to workers by the airborne route, by direct contact, or from needle and sharp object injuries. Objective: Knowledge about the prevalence of these infections among autopsies is prudent to appreciate any risk of transmission and to further enforce safety measures. Method: A total of 242 autopsies were tested. Age ranged from 3 days to 94 years (median 75.5 years, mean 45.3 (21.9 ± SD)). There were 172 (71%) males. Results: The cause of death was considered natural in 137 (56.6%) cases, accidental in 89 (36.8%), homicidal in 9 (3.7%), suicidal in 4 (1.7%), and unknown in 3 (1.2%). Hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in 5 (2.1%) cases. Hepatitis C virus antibody was detected in 5 (2.1%) cases and the hepatitis C virus polymerase chain reaction was positive in 2 of them (0.8%). HIV antibody was not detected in any of the cases. Conclusions: Autopsies can be associated with exposure to blood borne viruses. Autopsies performed during the study period were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibody, and human immunodeficiency virus antibody. Positive tests were subsequently confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. There is low prevalence of infections with these viruses in our autopsy cases. However, the risk of transmission remains a threat. Healthcare workers in the forensic departments should adhere to standard precautions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autopsy" title="autopsy">autopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20B%20virus" title=" hepatitis B virus"> hepatitis B virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20C%20virus" title=" hepatitis C virus"> hepatitis C virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20immunodeficiency%20virus" title=" human immunodeficiency virus"> human immunodeficiency virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordan" title=" Jordan"> Jordan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52932/the-prevalence-of-blood-borne-viral-infections-among-autopsy-cases-in-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> The Effect of Using Levels of Red Tiger Shrimp Meal in Starter Broiler Diet upon Growth Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20I.A.%20Al-Neemi">Mohammed I.A. Al-Neemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20S.B."> Mohammed S.B.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Hlawee"> Al-Hlawee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilham%20N.%20Ezaddin"> Ilham N. Ezaddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soz%20A.%20Faris"> Soz A. Faris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20E.%20Fakhry"> Omer E. Fakhry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heemen%20S.%20Mageed"> Heemen S. Mageed </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This objective of this study was to measure the effect of replacing different levels of animal protein concentrate with Red Tiger shrimp meal (RTSM: 60 % crude protein, 2400 M.E kcal/kg and the source of RTSM was imported from china) in the broiler starter diets. A total 300 broiler chicks (Ross-308) were randomly assigned in treatments dietary contained three different levels of RTSM (0.00, 4.16 and 8.32 %) in experimental diet with a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment included four replicates (floor pens) and 25 broilers in each replication (Pen). Therefore, floor space for each boilers was 900 cm2. Initially, the broilers where exposed to a continues lighting of 23:30 hours and dark period of 30 minutes in each 24 hours. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum to the broilers throughout the experimental period (1-21 days). The results of this study indicated that body weight (B.W.), body weight gain (B.W.G), conversion ratio of feed, protein and energy (F.CR, P.C.R and E.C.R) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased by complete substituting (RTSM) for animal protein concentration (third treatment). Mortality percentage significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased for third dietary treatment. No significant differences were found for feed, protein and energy intake among treatments during the experimental period (three weeks). In conclusion, (RTSM) could be included to 4.16% in the broiler starter diet or substitute the protein Red Tiger shrimp as alternative of protein animal protein concentrate as much as 50%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20tiger%20shrimp" title="red tiger shrimp">red tiger shrimp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler" title=" broiler"> broiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starter%20diet" title=" starter diet"> starter diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20performance" title=" growth performance"> growth performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20protein%20concentrate" title=" animal protein concentrate"> animal protein concentrate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19177/the-effect-of-using-levels-of-red-tiger-shrimp-meal-in-starter-broiler-diet-upon-growth-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">567</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Action Potential of Lateral Geniculate Neurons at Low Threshold Currents: Simulation Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Tarlochan">Faris Tarlochan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siva%20Mahesh%20Tangutooru"> Siva Mahesh Tangutooru </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) is the relay center in the visual pathway as it receives most of the input information from retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and sends to visual cortex. Low threshold calcium currents (IT) at the membrane are the unique indicator to characterize this firing functionality of the LGN neurons gained by the RGC input. According to the LGN functional requirements such as functional mapping of RGC to LGN, the morphologies of the LGN neurons were developed. During the neurological disorders like glaucoma, the mapping between RGC and LGN is disconnected and hence stimulating LGN electrically using deep brain electrodes can restore the functionalities of LGN. A computational model was developed for simulating the LGN neurons with three predominant morphologies, each representing different functional mapping of RGC to LGN. The firings of action potentials at LGN neuron due to IT were characterized by varying the stimulation parameters, morphological parameters and orientation. A wide range of stimulation parameters (stimulus amplitude, duration and frequency) represents the various strengths of the electrical stimulation with different morphological parameters (soma size, dendrites size and structure). The orientation (0-1800) of LGN neuron with respect to the stimulating electrode represents the angle at which the extracellular deep brain stimulation towards LGN neuron is performed. A reduced dendrite structure was used in the model using Bush–Sejnowski algorithm to decrease the computational time while conserving its input resistance and total surface area. The major finding is that an input potential of 0.4 V is required to produce the action potential in the LGN neuron which is placed at 100 µm distance from the electrode. From this study, it can be concluded that the neuroprostheses under design would need to consider the capability of inducing at least 0.4V to produce action potentials in LGN. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lateral%20Geniculate%20Nucleus" title="Lateral Geniculate Nucleus">Lateral Geniculate Nucleus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20cortex" title=" visual cortex"> visual cortex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glaucoma" title=" glaucoma"> glaucoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroprostheses" title=" neuroprostheses"> neuroprostheses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38655/action-potential-of-lateral-geniculate-neurons-at-low-threshold-currents-simulation-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Integrating Dependent Material Planning Cycle into Building Information Management: A Building Information Management-Based Material Management Automation Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Elghaish">Faris Elghaish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sepehr%20Abrishami"> Sepehr Abrishami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Gaterell"> Mark Gaterell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Wise"> Richard Wise</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The collaboration and integration between all building information management (BIM) processes and tasks are necessary to ensure that all project objectives can be delivered. The literature review has been used to explore the state of the art BIM technologies to manage construction materials as well as the challenges which have faced the construction process using traditional methods. Thus, this paper aims to articulate a framework to integrate traditional material planning methods such as ABC analysis theory (Pareto principle) to analyse and categorise the project materials, as well as using independent material planning methods such as Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and Fixed Order Point (FOP) into the BIM 4D, and 5D capabilities in order to articulate a dependent material planning cycle into BIM, which relies on the constructability method. Moreover, we build a model to connect between the material planning outputs and the BIM 4D and 5D data to ensure that all project information will be accurately presented throughout integrated and complementary BIM reporting formats. Furthermore, this paper will present a method to integrate between the risk management output and the material management process to ensure that all critical materials are monitored and managed under the all project stages. The paper includes browsers which are proposed to be embedded in any 4D BIM platform in order to predict the EOQ as well as FOP and alarm the user during the construction stage. This enables the planner to check the status of the materials on the site as well as to get alarm when the new order will be requested. Therefore, this will lead to manage all the project information in a single context and avoid missing any information at early design stage. Subsequently, the planner will be capable of building a more reliable 4D schedule by allocating the categorised material with the required EOQ to check the optimum locations for inventory and the temporary construction facilitates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20information%20management" title="building information management">building information management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIM" title=" BIM"> BIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20order%20quantity" title=" economic order quantity"> economic order quantity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EOQ" title=" EOQ"> EOQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20order%20point" title=" fixed order point"> fixed order point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FOP" title=" FOP"> FOP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIM%204D" title=" BIM 4D"> BIM 4D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIM%205D" title=" BIM 5D"> BIM 5D</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90841/integrating-dependent-material-planning-cycle-into-building-information-management-a-building-information-management-based-material-management-automation-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Factors Affecting the Ultimate Compressive Strength of the Quaternary Calcarenites, North Western Desert, Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Rashed">M. A. Rashed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Mansour"> A. S. Mansour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Faris"> H. Faris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Afify"> W. Afify</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The calcarenites carbonate rocks of the Quaternary ridges, which extend along the northwestern Mediterranean coastal plain of Egypt, represent an excellent model for the transformation of loose sediments to real sedimentary rocks by the different stages of meteoric diagenesis. The depositional and diagenetic fabrics of the rocks, in addition to the strata orientation, highly affect their ultimate compressive strength and other geotechnical properties. There is a marked increase in the compressive strength (UCS) from the first to the fourth ridge rock samples. The lowest values are related to the loose packing, weakly cemented aragonitic ooid sediments with high porosity, besides the irregularly distributed of cement, which result in decreasing the ability of these rocks to withstand crushing under direct pressure. The high (UCS) values are attributed to the low porosity, the presence of micritic cement, the reduction in grain size and the occurrence of micritization and calcretization processes. The strata orientation has a notable effect on the measured (UCS). The lowest values have been recorded for the samples cored in the inclined direction; whereas the highest values have been noticed in most samples cored in the vertical and parallel directions to bedding plane. In case of the inclined direction, the bedding planes were oriented close to the plane of maximum shear stress. The lowest and highest anisotropy values have been recorded for the first and the third ridges rock samples, respectively, which may attributed to the relatively homogeneity and well sorted grain-stone of the first ridge rock samples, and relatively heterogeneity in grain and pore size distribution and degree of cementation of the third ridge rock samples, besides, the abundance of shell fragments with intra-particle pore spaces, which may produce lines of weakness within the rock. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title="compressive strength">compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropy" title=" anisotropy"> anisotropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcarenites" title=" calcarenites"> calcarenites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2864/factors-affecting-the-ultimate-compressive-strength-of-the-quaternary-calcarenites-north-western-desert-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Growth and Bone Health in Children following Liver Transplantation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Alkhalil">Faris Alkhalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Bitar"> Rana Bitar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amer%20Azaz"> Amer Azaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisham%20Natour"> Hisham Natour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noora%20Almeraikhi"> Noora Almeraikhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Miqdady"> Mohamad Miqdady</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Children with liver transplantation are achieving very good survival and so there is now a need to concentrate on achieving good health in these patients and preventing disease. Immunosuppressive medications have side effects that need to be monitored and if possible avoided. Glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors are detrimental to bone and mineral homeostasis in addition steroids can also affect linear growth. Steroid sparing regimes in renal transplant children has shown to improve children’s height. Aim: We aim to review the growth and bone health of children post liver transplant by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan and assessing if there is a clear link between poor growth and impaired bone health and use of long term steroids. Subjects and Methods: This is a single centre retrospective Cohort study, we reviewed the medical notes of children (0-16 years) who underwent a liver transplantation between November 2000 to November 2016 and currently being followed at our centre. Results: 39 patients were identified (25 males and 14 females), the median transplant age was 2 years (range 9 months - 16 years), and the median follow up was 6 years. Four patients received a combined transplant, 2 kidney and liver transplant and 2 received a liver and small bowel transplant. The indications for transplant included, Biliary Atresia (31%), Acute Liver failure (18%), Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis (15%), transplantable metabolic disease (10%), TPN related liver disease (8%), Primary Hyperoxaluria (5%), Hepatocellular carcinoma (3%) and other causes (10%). 36 patients (95%) were on a calcineurin inhibitor (34 patients were on Tacrolimus and 2 on Cyclosporin). The other three patients were on Sirolimus. Low dose long-term steroids was used in 21% of the patients. A considerable proportion of the patients had poor growth. 15% were below the 3rd centile for weight for age and 21% were below the 3rd centile for height for age. Most of our patients with poor growth were not on long term steroids. 49% of patients had a DEXA scan post transplantation. 21% of these children had low bone mineral density, one patient had met osteoporosis criteria with a vertebral fracture. Most of our patients with impaired bone health were not on long term steroids. 20% of the patients who did not undergo a DEXA scan developed long bone fractures and 50% of them were on long term steroid use which may suggest impaired bone health in these patients. Summary and Conclusion: The incidence of impaired bone health, although studied in limited number of patients; was high. Early recognition and treatment should be instituted to avoid fractures and improve bone health. Many of the patients were below the 3rd centile for weight and height however there was no clear relationship between steroid use and impaired bone health, reduced weight and reduced linear height. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone" title="bone">bone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatric" title=" pediatric"> pediatric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver" title=" liver"> liver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transplantation" title=" transplantation"> transplantation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69277/growth-and-bone-health-in-children-following-liver-transplantation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Ramification of Pemphigus Vulgaris Sera and the Monoclonal Antibody Against Desmoglein-3 on Nrf2 Expression in Keratinocyte Cultures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Mohsin%20Alabeedi">Faris Mohsin Alabeedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is a life-threatening autoimmune blistering disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies directed against the epidermis's surface proteins. There are two forms of PV, mucocutaneous and mucosal-dominant PV. Disruption of the cell junctions is a hallmark of PV due to the autoantibodies targeting the desmosomal cadherins, desmoglein-3 (Dsg3) and desmoglein-1, leading to acantholysis in the skin and mucous membrane. Although the pathogenesis of PV is known, the detailed molecular events remain not fully understood. Our recent study has shown that both the PV sera and pathogenic anti-Dsg3 antibody AK23 can induce ROS and cause oxidative stress in cultured keratinocytes. In line with our finding, other independent studies also demonstrate oxidative stress in PV. Since Nrf2 plays a crucial role in cellular anti-oxidative stress response, we hypothesize that the expression of Nrf2 may alter in PV. Thus, treatment of cells with PV sera or AK23 may cause changes in Nrf2 expression and distribution. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of AK23 and PV sera on Nrf2 in a normal human keratinocyte cell line, such as NTERT cells. Both a time-course and dose-dependent experiments with AK23, alongside the matched isotype control IgG, were performed in keratinocyte cultures and analysed by immunofluorescence for Nrf2 and Dsg3. Additionally, the same approach was conducted with the sera from PV patients and healthy individuals that served as a control in this study. All the fluorescent images were analysed using ImageJ software. Each experiment was repeated twice. In general, variations were observed throughout this study. In the dose-response experiments, although enhanced Dsg3 expression was consistently detected in AK23 treated cells, the expression of Nrf2 showed no consistent findings between the experiments, although changes in its expression were noticeable in cells treated with AK23. In the time-course study, a trend with induction of Nrf2 over time was shown in control cells treated with mouse isotype IgG. Treatment with AK23 showed a reduction of Nrf2 in a time-dependent manner, especially at the 24-hour time point. However, the earlier time points, such as 2 hours and 6 hours with AK23 treatments, detected somewhat variations. Finally, PV sera caused a decrease of Dsg3, but on the other hand, variations were observed in Nrf2 expression in PV sera treated cells. In general, PV sera seemed to cause a reduction of Nrf2 in the majority of PV sera treated samples. In addition, more pronounced cytoplasmic expression of Nrf2 has been observed in PV sera treated cells than those treated with AK23, suggesting that polyclonal and monoclonal IgG might induce a different effect on Nrf2 expression and distribution. Further experimental studies are crucial to obtain a more coincide global view of Nrf2-mediated gene regulation. In particular, Pemphigus Voulgaris studies assessing how the Nrf2-dependent network changes from a physiological to a pathological condition can provide insight into disease mechanisms and perhaps initiate further treatment approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pemphigus%20vulgaris" title="pemphigus vulgaris">pemphigus vulgaris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monoclonal%20antibody%20against%20desmoglein-3" title=" monoclonal antibody against desmoglein-3"> monoclonal antibody against desmoglein-3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nrf2%20oxidative%20stress" title=" Nrf2 oxidative stress"> Nrf2 oxidative stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keratinocyte%20cultures" title=" keratinocyte cultures"> keratinocyte cultures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156971/ramification-of-pemphigus-vulgaris-sera-and-the-monoclonal-antibody-against-desmoglein-3-on-nrf2-expression-in-keratinocyte-cultures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Effect of Double-Skin Facade Configuration on the Energy Performance of Office Building in Maritime Desert Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Umaru%20Mohammed">B. Umaru Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20A.%20Al-Maziad"> Faris A. Al-Maziad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Y.%20Numan"> Mohammad Y. Numan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most important factors affecting the energy performance within a building is a carefully and efficiently designed facade. The primary aim of this research was to identify and present the potentiality of utilising Double-Skin Facade (DSF) construction and critically examine its effect on the energy consumption of an office building located within a maritime desert climate as to the conventional single-skin curtain wall system. A comparative analysis of the effect on the overall energy consumption within an office building was investigated in which a combination of various Double-Skin Facade configurations, systems, and cavity depths, glazing types and orientations were utilised. A computer dynamic modelling was utilised in order to ensure accurate calculations and efficient simulations of the various DSF systems due to the complex nature of the various functions within the Facade cavity. Through the use of the dynamic thermal modelling simulations, the best cavity size glazed type and orientation were determined to lead to a detailed analysis of the efficiency of each respective combination of Double-Skin Facade construction. As such the optimal facade combination for use within an office building located in a maritime desert climate was identified. Results demonstrated that a multi-story Facade, depending on its configuration, save up to 5% on annual cooling loads respect to a Corridor Facade and while vented can save unto 12% when compared to the single skin façade, on annual cooling load in the maritime desert climate. The selected configuration of the DSF from SSF saves an overall annual cooling load of 32%.A comparative analysis of the effect on the overall energy consumption within an office building was investigated in which a combination of various Double-Skin Facade configurations, systems, and cavity depths, glazing types and orientations were utilized. A computer dynamic modelling was utilized in order to ensure accurate calculations and efficient simulations of the various DSF systems due to the complex nature of the various functions within the Facade cavity. Through the use of the dynamic thermal modelling simulations, the best cavity size glazed type and orientation were determined to lead to a detailed analysis of the efficiency of each respective combination of Double-Skin Facade construction. As such the optimal facade combination for use within an office building located in a maritime desert climate was identified. Results demonstrated that a multi-story Facade, depending on its configuration, save up to 5% on annual cooling loads respect to a Corridor Facade and while vented can save unto 12% when compared to the single skin facade, on annual cooling load in the maritime desert climate. The selected configuration of the DSF from SSF saves an overall annual cooling load of 32%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20dynamics%20modelling" title="computer dynamics modelling">computer dynamics modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20analysis" title=" comparative analysis"> comparative analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20computation" title=" energy computation"> energy computation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20skin%20facade" title=" double skin facade"> double skin facade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20skin%20curtain%20wall" title=" single skin curtain wall"> single skin curtain wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20desert%20climate" title=" maritime desert climate"> maritime desert climate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66975/effect-of-double-skin-facade-configuration-on-the-energy-performance-of-office-building-in-maritime-desert-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> An Exploration of Special Education Teachers’ Practices in a Preschool Intellectual Disability Centre in Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Algahtani">Faris Algahtani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: In Saudi Arabia, it is essential to know what practices are employed and considered effective by special education teachers working with preschool children with intellectual disabilities, as a prerequisite for identifying areas for improvement. Preschool provision for these children is expanding through a network of Intellectual Disability Centres while, in primary schools, a policy of inclusion is pursued and, in mainstream preschools, pilots have been aimed at enhancing learning in readiness for primary schooling. This potentially widens the attainment gap between preschool children with and without intellectual disabilities, and influences the scope for improvement. Goal: The aim of the study was to explore special education teachers’ practices and perceived perceptions of those practices for preschool children with intellectual disabilities in Saudi Arabia Method: A qualitative interpretive approach was adopted in order to gain a detailed understanding of how special education teachers in an IDC operate in the classroom. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with experienced and qualified teachers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, based on themes identified from the literature review together with new themes emerging from the data. Findings: American methods strongly influenced teaching practices, in particular TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication related handicapped Children), which emphasises structure, schedules and specific methods of teaching tasks and skills; and ABA (Applied Behaviour Analysis), which aims to improve behaviours and skills by concentrating on detailed breakdown and teaching of task components and rewarding desired behaviours with positive reinforcement. The Islamic concept of education strongly influenced which teaching techniques were used and considered effective, and how they were applied. Tensions were identified between the Islamic approach to disability, which accepts differences between human beings as created by Allah in order for people to learn to help and love each other, and the continuing stigmatisation of disability in many Arabic cultures, which means that parents who bring their children to an IDC often hope and expect that their children will be ‘cured’. Teaching methods were geared to reducing behavioural problems and social deficits rather than to developing the potential of the individual child, with some teachers recognizing the child’s need for greater freedom. Relationships with parents could in many instances be improved. Teachers considered both initial teacher education and professional development to be inadequate for their needs and the needs of the children they teach. This can be partly attributed to the separation of training and development of special education teachers from that of general teachers. Conclusion: Based on the findings, teachers’ practices could be improved by the inclusion of general teaching strategies, parent-teacher relationships and practical teaching experience in both initial teacher education and professional development. Coaching and mentoring support from carefully chosen special education teachers could assist the process, as could the presence of a second teacher or teaching assistant in the classroom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20education" title="special education">special education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20disabilities" title=" intellectual disabilities"> intellectual disabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20intervention" title=" early intervention "> early intervention </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20childhood" title=" early childhood"> early childhood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88465/an-exploration-of-special-education-teachers-practices-in-a-preschool-intellectual-disability-centre-in-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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