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Egypt</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Egypt"> <meta name="keywords" content="Egypt"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Egypt"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 582</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Egypt</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">582</span> The Implications of Some Social Variables in Increasing the Unemployed in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Elkhouli">Mohamed Elkhouli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research sets out to identify some social factors or variables that may need to be controlled in order to decrease the volume of unemployed in Egypt. As well as, it comes to investigate the relationship between a set of social variables and unemployment issue in Egypt in the sake of determining the most important social variables influencing the rise of unemployed during the time series targeted (2002-2012). Highlighting the unemployment issue is becoming an increasingly important topic in all countries throughout the world resulting from expand their globalization efforts. In general, the study tries to determine what the most social priorities are likely to adopt seriously by the Egypt's government in order to solve the unemployed problem. The results showed that the low value for both of small projects and the total value of disbursed social security respectively have significant impact on increasing the No. of unemployed in Egypt, according to the target period by the current study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20status" title=" social status"> social status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unemployment" title=" unemployment"> unemployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unemployed" title=" unemployed"> unemployed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65411/the-implications-of-some-social-variables-in-increasing-the-unemployed-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">581</span> The Image of Egypt in CNN, BBC and Al Jazeera News Channels in Terms of Democracy, Economic Status and Stability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20El%20Mokadem">Sarah El Mokadem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Egypt has been the focus of international media since 2011 revolution and its repercussions. By the end of 2017, President Abdel Fattah El Sisi will have finished his first term of presidency. With an upcoming presidential election, all eyes are returning back to Egypt as there are speculations about whether the current regime will uphold or change points in the constitution determining the years of presidency term and the allowed number or reelections. In this paper, the researcher examines the reports related to Egypt in three international news channels with different ideologies. The research aims to identify the frames used to portray major issues in Egypt like the economic struggle, democracy levels and stability and safety of the country. All available reports from these three channels in 2017 on YouTube were analyzed which is the year before the presidential elections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20analysis" title="content analysis">content analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20building" title=" image building"> image building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=news%20channel%20ideology" title=" news channel ideology"> news channel ideology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79593/the-image-of-egypt-in-cnn-bbc-and-al-jazeera-news-channels-in-terms-of-democracy-economic-status-and-stability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">580</span> The Importance of Fire Safety in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Shakra">Omar Shakra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper contains a huge number of benefits that we can use it in several places and times in fire safety protection in the Middle East especially in Egypt . People here in Egypt did not consider the safety and fire protection as important as it is. But on the other hand, its very important for them to contain the fire systems and safety in every facility, the companies , hospitals , police stations , and even the super markets must use the fire system. It makes the facility safe to the visitors while they are using it.From my point of view as the owner Fire Safety Company called Deluge Egypt , i can say that not all of the companies use the fire system protection according to the high cost they prefer to build their company without the protection, and this is make the building totally unsafe to be used from the visitors or client.So, i am looking for new methods and technology to invest in Egypt, and this is through attending this Conference and let the audiences know more about the services i provide and [to let them know about the importance of the Fire Safety in Egypt. The Objectives of my research 1- The system that i used in my Company. 2- The benefits of the Fire System Protection. 3-The importance of the Fire System and safety. 4-The use of the new Technologies. 5-The hardships that i found while having new deals with new clients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire" title="fire">fire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system" title=" system"> system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection" title=" protection"> protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20hydrants" title=" fire hydrants"> fire hydrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alarms" title=" alarms"> alarms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171993/the-importance-of-fire-safety-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">579</span> Impact of Egypt’s Energy Demand on Oil and Gas Power Systems Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustafa%20Osman%20Mohamed"> Moustafa Osman Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper will explore the influence of energy sector in Arab Republic of Egypt which has shared its responsibilities of many environmental challenges as the second largest economy in the Middle East (after Iran). Air and water pollution, desertification, inadequate disposal of solid waste and damage to coral reefs are serious problems that influence environmental management in Egypt. The intensive reliance of high population density and strong industrial growth are wearing Egypt's resources, and the rapidly-growing population has forced Egypt to breakdown agricultural land to residential and relevant use of commercial ingestion. The depletion effects of natural resources impose the government to apply innovation techniques in emission control and focus on sustainability. The cogeneration will be presented to control thermal losses and increase efficiency of energy power system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cogeneration" title="cogeneration">cogeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20management" title=" environmental management"> environmental management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20electricity" title=" power electricity"> power electricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20indicators" title=" energy indicators"> energy indicators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53116/impact-of-egypts-energy-demand-on-oil-and-gas-power-systems-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">578</span> Data Challenges Facing Implementation of Road Safety Management Systems in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Anis">A. Anis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Bekheet"> W. Bekheet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20El%20Hakim"> A. El Hakim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Implementing a Road Safety Management System (SMS) in a crowded developing country such as Egypt is a necessity. Beginning a sustainable SMS requires a comprehensive reliable data system for all information pertinent to road crashes. In this paper, a survey for the available data in Egypt and validating it for using in an SMS in Egypt. The research provides some missing data, and refer to the unavailable data in Egypt, looking forward to the contribution of the scientific society, the authorities, and the public in solving the problem of missing or unreliable crash data. The required data for implementing an SMS in Egypt are divided into three categories; the first is available data such as fatality and injury rates and it is proven in this research that it may be inconsistent and unreliable, the second category of data is not available, but it may be estimated, an example of estimating vehicle cost is available in this research, the third is not available and can be measured case by case such as the functional and geometric properties of a facility. Some inquiries are provided in this research for the scientific society, such as how to improve the links among stakeholders of road safety in order to obtain a consistent, non-biased, and reliable data system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety%20management%20system" title="road safety management system">road safety management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20crash" title=" road crash"> road crash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20fatality" title=" road fatality"> road fatality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20injury" title=" road injury"> road injury</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125471/data-challenges-facing-implementation-of-road-safety-management-systems-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">577</span> The Role of Capitalism, Society, and Media in the Rise of Plastic Surgeries in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Saleh">Rana Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the introduction and rise of plastic surgery in Egypt, tracing its historical roots and examining its growing prevalence in modern society. Through a qualitative review of existing literature, the research investigates how media, capitalism, and patriarchal societal structures contribute to the normalization of cosmetic surgeries, particularly among women. It delves into the consumer culture created by capitalism and the sexualization of women’s bodies, emphasizing how these factors influence women's perceptions of beauty and their decisions to undergo surgery. The paper also highlights the role of patriarchy in shaping these choices within Egypt’s collectivist society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20surgery" title="plastic surgery">plastic surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capitalism" title=" capitalism"> capitalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexualization%20of%20women%E2%80%99s%20bodies" title=" sexualization of women’s bodies"> sexualization of women’s bodies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193005/the-role-of-capitalism-society-and-media-in-the-rise-of-plastic-surgeries-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">14</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">576</span> Analyzing the Social, Cultural and Economic Impacts of Indigenous Tourism on the Indigenous Communities: Case Study of the Nubian Community in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Makary">M. Makary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indigenous tourism is nowadays one of the fastest growing sections of the tourism industry. Nevertheless, it does not yet receive attention on the agenda of public tourism policies in Egypt; however, there are various tourism initiatives in indigenous areas throughout the country mainly in the Nubia region, which located in Upper Egypt, where most of Egypt's indigenous Nubians are concentrated. Considering indigenous tourism can lead to both positive and negative impacts on the indigenous communities the main aim of this study is to analyze the socio-cultural and economic impacts of the indigenous tourism on the indigenous communities in Egypt: the case study of Nubians. Qualitative and quantitative approaches of data collection were designed and applied in conducting this study. Semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and the observations are the main preliminary data collection techniques used in this study while, the secondary data were sourced from articles, statistics, dissertations, and websites. The research concludes that indigenous tourism offers a strong motivation to save the identity of the indigenous communities and to foster their economic development. However, it also has negative impacts on their society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20tourism" title="indigenous tourism">indigenous tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20tourism" title=" sustainable tourism"> sustainable tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indigenous%20communities" title=" Indigenous communities"> Indigenous communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nubians" title=" Nubians"> Nubians</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101064/analyzing-the-social-cultural-and-economic-impacts-of-indigenous-tourism-on-the-indigenous-communities-case-study-of-the-nubian-community-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">575</span> Behind Egypt’s Financial Crisis: Dollarization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Layal%20Mansour">Layal Mansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper breaks down Egypt’s financial crisis by constructing a customized financial stress index by including the vulnerable economic indicator “dollarization” as a vulnerable indicator in the credit and exchange sector. The Financial Stress Index for Egypt (FSIE) includes informative vulnerable indicators of the main financial sectors: the banking sector, the equities market, and the foreign exchange market. It is calculated on a monthly basis from 2010 to December 2022, so to report the two recent world’s most devastating financial crises: Covid 19 crisis and Ukraine-Russia War, in addition to the local 2016 and 2022 financial crises. We proceed first by a graphical analysis then by empirical analysis in running under Vector Autoregression (VAR) Model, dynamic causality tests between foreign reserves, dollarization rate, and FSIE. The graphical analysis shows that unexpectedly, Egypt’s economy seems to be immune to internal economic/political instabilities, however it is highly exposed to the foreign and exchange market. Empirical analysis confirms the graphical observations and proves that dollarization, or more precisely debt in foreign currency seems to be the main trigger of Egypt’s current financial crisis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egypt" title="egypt">egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20crisis" title=" financial crisis"> financial crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20stress%20index" title=" financial stress index"> financial stress index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dollarization" title=" dollarization"> dollarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VAR%20model" title=" VAR model"> VAR model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causality%20tests" title=" causality tests"> causality tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161475/behind-egypts-financial-crisis-dollarization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">574</span> The Impact of Political Events on National Archaeological Heritage and Tourism Industry: Study Case of Egypt after January 25th, 2011</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabry%20A.%20El%20Azazy">Sabry A. El Azazy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tourism plays an essential role in supporting the National Economy. Egypt was ranked as one of the most attractive touristic destinations worldwide. Tourism as a service sector affects political events and unstable conditions. Within the revolution of January 25th, 2011, tourism became below standards, and the archeological heritage sites were subject to threat. Because of the political tension and social instability, Egypt's tourism sector has drastically dropped. Currently, Egypt is working on overcoming the crisis caused by political unrest. However, it is expected to take a long time to get back to where it was, especially in terms of regaining the confidence of travelers in the country's ability to guarantee and maintain security and stability. Recently, many great projects have been done, such as; New Administrative Cairo Capital, New Suez Canal logistic project, New City of Al Alamin, New Grand Egyptian Museum, as well as other great projects that reflect positively on the tourism industry and archaeological heritage development in Egypt. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archaeology" title="archaeology">archaeology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archaeological%20heritage" title=" archaeological heritage"> archaeological heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attractions" title=" attractions"> attractions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20economy" title=" national economy"> national economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20events" title=" political events"> political events</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=touristic%20destinations" title=" touristic destinations"> touristic destinations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20industry" title=" tourism industry"> tourism industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112048/the-impact-of-political-events-on-national-archaeological-heritage-and-tourism-industry-study-case-of-egypt-after-january-25th-2011" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">573</span> Health as a Proxy for Labour Productivity: The Impact on Wages in Egypt’s Private Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmine%20Ahmed%20Shemeis">Yasmine Ahmed Shemeis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determining the impact of productivity increases on wage levels is often difficult due to the unavailability of individual-level productivity data. Accordingly, we proxy for productivity using a self-perceived measure of health based on the postulated positive relationship between better health and productivity improvements. Using Egypt’s labour market data for the years 2012 and 2018 and utilizing a Maximum Likelihood Estimation method, we address two issues: the endogeneity of health in the estimation of wages and a sample selection bias. Our findings indicate the great value that better health has in enhancing wage levels in Egypt’s private sector. Also, we find that overlooking the endogeneity of health underestimates its effect on wages. Thus, the improvement of health states is likely to be beneficial in improving labour market outcomes in terms of wages as well as labour productivity in Egypt. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labour" title="labour">labour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Productivity" title=" Productivity"> Productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wages" title=" Wages"> Wages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endogeneity" title=" Endogeneity"> Endogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sample%20Selection" title=" Sample Selection"> Sample Selection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174454/health-as-a-proxy-for-labour-productivity-the-impact-on-wages-in-egypts-private-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">572</span> The Right to State Lands: A Case Study of a Squatter Community in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salwa%20Salman">Salwa Salman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On February 2016, Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ordered the former Prime Minister, Ibrahim Mehleb, to establish a committee responsible for retrieving looted state lands or providing squatters with land titles according to their individual cases. The specificity of desert lands emerges from its unique position in both Islamic law and Egypt’s Civil Code. In Egypt, desert lands can be transferred to private ownership through peaceful occupation and cultivation. This study explores the (re-) conceptualization of land rights, state territoriality, and sovereignty as a part of an emerging narrative on informal land tenure. Through the lens of an informal settlement, the study employs methodological insights from studies in the anthropology of development and their interpretation of Foucauldian discourse analysis to examine official representations on squatting over state lands and put them in conversation with individual narratives on land ownership and dispossession. It also employs Bruno Latour’s actor-network theory to explore the development of social networks through primary land contracts and informal local resource management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=State%20lands" title="State lands">State lands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squatter%20community" title=" squatter community"> squatter community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20law" title=" Islamic law"> Islamic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt%E2%80%99s%20Civil%20Code" title=" Egypt’s Civil Code"> Egypt’s Civil Code</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93499/the-right-to-state-lands-a-case-study-of-a-squatter-community-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">571</span> The Intense Fascination of Ancient Egypt: A Cross-Cultural Phenomenological Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20Andrew%20McCoy">Patrick Andrew McCoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The intense fascination with ancient Egypt has persisted for thousands of years and across cultures globally, known popularly as Egyptomania,’ ‘Tutmania,’ ‘Mummymania,’ and ‘Orientalism. A review of the literature indicates psychological themes for its behavior are curiosity, escapism, existentialism, religiosity and spirituality, and cultural, racial, and ethnic identity. A mixed-methods study is initiated with established tools to explore these themes and discover additional motivators. Objectives: The purpose of the study is to explore the themes underlying the intense fascination of ancient Egypt. The abstract themes of the fascination of ancient Egypt are cross-cultural phenomena that motivate people in their interactions with other cultures. These interactions have both been beneficial and combative. Methodology: A mixed methods research study is designed where quantitative (QUAN) survey of participants’ strong fascination with ancient Egypt, within psychological themes derived from a review of the literature. The qualitative (QUAL) survey consists of open-ended questions to explore participants’ exposure to ancient Egypt that may have influenced their fascination and their behaviors resulting from the phenomenon. The themes are explored in QUAN data and QUAL data to discover what themes are established and inferred the psychological motivations of the phenomenon. Main Contributions: This study will provide more information on several scientific disciplines, including psychology, anthropology, Egyptology, and tourism. This study seeks to benefit the tourism industry for not only in Egypt but hopefully with generalizability of cultural tourist industries in other countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural%20psychology" title="cross-cultural psychology">cross-cultural psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20psychology" title=" international psychology"> international psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed-methods" title=" mixed-methods"> mixed-methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20Egypt" title=" ancient Egypt"> ancient Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenomenology" title=" phenomenology"> phenomenology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=escapism" title=" escapism"> escapism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curiosity" title=" curiosity"> curiosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=existentialism" title=" existentialism"> existentialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religiosity" title=" religiosity"> religiosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spirituality" title=" spirituality"> spirituality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153623/the-intense-fascination-of-ancient-egypt-a-cross-cultural-phenomenological-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">570</span> A Study on Earthquake Activities and Tectonic Setting in the Northeastern Part of Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayed%20Abdallah%20Mohamed%20Dahy">Sayed Abdallah Mohamed Dahy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Northeastern part of Egypt is considered one of the few regions of the world whereas evidence of historical activities has been documented during the last 48 centuries or more. Instrumental, historical and pre-historical seismicity data indicate that large destructive earthquakes have occurred quite frequently in the investigated area. The main aims in the present study were to redraw attention to the fact that the northeastern part of Egypt is seismically active and this result is associated with earthquake risk in the region. The interaction of the African, Arabian and Eurasian plates and Sinai subplate, is the main factor behind the earthquake activities of northeastern part of Egypt. All earthquakes occur at shallow depth and are concentrated at four seismic zones, these zones including the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba, around the entrance of the Gulf of Suez and the fourth one is located at the south-west of great Cairo (Dahshour area). The seismicity map of the previous zones shows that the activity is coincide with the major tectonic trends of the Suez rift, Aqaba rift with their connection with the great rift system of the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez-Cairo-Alexandria trend. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20ectivities" title="earthquake ectivities">earthquake ectivities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northeastern" title=" northeastern"> northeastern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tectonic%20setting" title=" tectonic setting"> tectonic setting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35386/a-study-on-earthquake-activities-and-tectonic-setting-in-the-northeastern-part-of-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">569</span> Constructing a Bayesian Network for Solar Energy in Egypt Using Life Cycle Analysis and Machine Learning Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawaa%20H.%20El-Bidweihy">Rawaa H. El-Bidweihy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisham%20M.%20Abdelsalam"> Hisham M. Abdelsalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihab%20A.%20El-Khodary"> Ihab A. El-Khodary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In an era where machines run and shape our world, the need for a stable, non-ending source of energy emerges. In this study, the focus was on the solar energy in Egypt as a renewable source, the most important factors that could affect the solar energy’s market share throughout its life cycle production were analyzed and filtered, the relationships between them were derived before structuring a Bayesian network. Also, forecasted models were built for multiple factors to predict the states in Egypt by 2035, based on historical data and patterns, to be used as the nodes’ states in the network. 37 factors were found to might have an impact on the use of solar energy and then were deducted to 12 factors that were chosen to be the most effective to the solar energy’s life cycle in Egypt, based on surveying experts and data analysis, some of the factors were found to be recurring in multiple stages. The presented Bayesian network could be used later for scenario and decision analysis of using solar energy in Egypt, as a stable renewable source for generating any type of energy needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARIMA" title="ARIMA">ARIMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto%20correlation" title=" auto correlation"> auto correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20network" title=" Bayesian network"> Bayesian network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting%20models" title=" forecasting models"> forecasting models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle" title=" life cycle"> life cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20correlation" title=" partial correlation"> partial correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARIMA" title=" SARIMA"> SARIMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127931/constructing-a-bayesian-network-for-solar-energy-in-egypt-using-life-cycle-analysis-and-machine-learning-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">568</span> Sustainable Tourism Development: Assessment of Egyptian Sustainable Resorts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riham%20A.%20Ragheb">Riham A. Ragheb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tourism can do a great deal of good in destinations, whether it be by bringing economic benefits to local communities, helping with conservation efforts or in placing a value on aspects of cultural heritage. As responsive travelers, we must all try to do more of the good and less of the negative. This is simply description of the sustainable tourism. This paper aims to set some criteria of successful sustainable tourism development and then through these criteria analyzing the development of some resorts in Egypt known as sustainable resorts. Hence, a comprehensive improvement of the touristic areas is certainly needed to ensure a successful sustainable tourism development radiated the sense of uniformity and coherence. Egypt can benefit from these criteria to develop its resorts in order to preserve and revitalize its unique natural character and achieve mixed uses and tourism development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resorts" title=" resorts"> resorts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20tourism" title=" sustainable tourism"> sustainable tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20development" title=" tourism development"> tourism development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40916/sustainable-tourism-development-assessment-of-egyptian-sustainable-resorts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">567</span> Green Construction in EGYPT</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20A.%20Anwar">Hanan A. Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces green building construction in Egypt with different concepts and practices. The following study includes green building applied definition, guidelines, regulations and Standards. Evaluation of cost/benefit of green construction methods and green construction rating systems are presented. Relevant case studies will be reviewed. Four sites will be included. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20construction" title="green construction">green construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecofreindly" title=" ecofreindly"> ecofreindly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-sufficient%20town" title=" self-sufficient town"> self-sufficient town</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20neutral%20atmosphere" title=" carbon neutral atmosphere"> carbon neutral atmosphere</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21630/green-construction-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">656</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">566</span> Risk Management Strategy for Protecting Cultural Heritage: Case Study of the Institute of Egypt </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amany%20A.%20Ragheb">Amany A. Ragheb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Ragheb"> Ghada Ragheb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20ElRahman%20A."> Abd ElRahman A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Egypt has a countless heritage of mansions, castles, cities, towns, villages, industrial and manufacturing sites. This richness of heritage provides endless and matchless prospects for culture. Despite being famous worldwide, Egypt’s heritage still is in constant need of protection. Political conflicts and religious revolutions form a direct threat to buildings in various areas, historic, archaeological sites, and religious monuments. Egypt has witnessed two revolutions in less than 60 years; both had an impact on its architectural heritage. In this paper, the authors aim to review legal and policy framework to protect the cultural heritage and present the risk management strategy for cultural heritage in conflict. Through a review of selected international models of devastated architectural heritage in conflict zones and highlighting some of their changes, we can learn from the experiences of other countries to assist towards the development of a methodology to halt the plundering of architectural heritage. Finally, the paper makes an effort to enhance the formulation of a risk management strategy for protection and conservation of cultural heritage, through which to end the plundering of Egypt’s architectural legacy in the Egyptian community (revolutions, 1952 and 2011); and by presenting to its surrounding community the benefits derived from maintaining it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20heritage" title="cultural heritage">cultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20regulation" title=" legal regulation"> legal regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preservation" title=" preservation"> preservation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76793/risk-management-strategy-for-protecting-cultural-heritage-case-study-of-the-institute-of-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">565</span> Shaabi in the City: On Modernizing Sounds and Exclusion in Egyptian Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Aref%20Mahmoud">Mariam Aref Mahmoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After centuries of historical development, Egypt is no stranger to national identity frustrations. What may or may not be counted as this “national identity” becomes a source of contention. Today, after decades of neoliberal reform, Cairo has become the center of Egypt’s cultural debacle. At its heart, the Egyptian capital serves as Egypt’s extension into global capitalism, its flailing hope to become part of the modernized, cosmopolitan world. Yet, to converge into this image of cosmopolitanism, Cairo must silence the perceived un-modernized sounds, cultures, and spaces that arise from within its alleyways. Currently, the agitation surrounding shaabi music, particularly, that of mahraganat, places these contentions to the center of the modernization debates. This paper will discuss the process through which the conversations between modernization, space, and culture have taken place through a historical analysis of national identity formation under Egypt’s neoliberal regimes. Through this, the paper concludes that music becomes a spatial force through which public space, identity, and globalization must be contested. From these findings researchers can then analyze Cairo through not only its physical landscapes, but also its metaphysical features – such as the soundscape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title="music">music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space" title=" space"> space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cairo" title=" Cairo"> Cairo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179779/shaabi-in-the-city-on-modernizing-sounds-and-exclusion-in-egyptian-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">564</span> The Adoption of Technological Innovations in a B2C Context: An Empirical Study on the Higher Education Industry in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Mourad">Maha Mourad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rania%20Samir"> Rania Samir </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper seeks to explain the adoption of technological innovations in a business to consumer context. Specifically, the use of web based technology (WEBCT/blackboard) in the delivery of educational material and communication with students at universities in Egypt is the focus of this study. The analysis draws on existing research in a B2C context which highlights the importance of internal organization characteristics, perceived attributes of the innovation as well as consumer based factors as the main drivers of adoption. A distinctive B2C model is developed drawing on Roger’s innovation adoption model, as well as theoretical and empirical foundations in previous innovation adoption literature to study the adoption of technological innovations in higher education in Egypt. The model proposes that the adoption decision is dependent on a combination of perceived attributes of the innovation, inter-organization factors and consumer factors. The model is testified drawing on the results of empirical work in the form of a large survey conducted on students in three different universities in Egypt (one public, one private and one international). In addition to the attributes of the innovation, specific organization factors (such as university resources) as well as consumer factors were identified as likely to have an important influence on the adoption of technological innovations in higher education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title="innovation">innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WEBCT" title=" WEBCT"> WEBCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adoption" title=" adoption"> adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9853/the-adoption-of-technological-innovations-in-a-b2c-context-an-empirical-study-on-the-higher-education-industry-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">563</span> Preserving Egypt's Cultural Heritage Amidst Urban Development: A Case Study of the Historic Cairo Cemetery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mahfouz">Ali Mahfouz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Egypt's cultural heritage and artistic riches find themselves at a complex intersection of preservation and urban development, where they face intricate challenges exacerbated by climate change, pollution, urbanization, and construction activities. In this research, it delves into the multifaceted dynamics involved in conserving Egypt's heritage within urban contexts, spotlighting the historic Cairo cemetery as a poignant and timely case study. The historic Cairo cemetery serves as a repository of priceless cultural assets, housing the final resting places of public figures, artists, historians, politicians, and other luminaries. These graves are adorned with magnificent artworks and rare tombstones, collectively representing an irreplaceable slice of Egypt's history and culture. Yet, the looming threat of demolition to make way for new infrastructure projects underscores the delicate equilibrium that preservation efforts must maintain in the face of urban development pressures. This paper illuminates the collaborative efforts of historians, intellectuals, and civil society organizations who are determined to forestall the destruction of this invaluable cultural heritage. Their initiatives, driven by a shared commitment to documenting and safeguarding the cemetery's treasures, underscore the urgent imperative of protecting Egypt's cultural legacy. Through this case study, It gain insights into how Egypt navigates the challenges of preserving its rich heritage amidst urban expansion and a changing climate, emphasizing the broader importance of heritage conservation in an evolving world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt%E2%80%99s%20cultural%20heritage" title="Egypt’s cultural heritage">Egypt’s cultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20development" title=" urban development"> urban development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historic%20Cairo%20cemetery" title=" historic Cairo cemetery"> historic Cairo cemetery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tombstone%20artworks" title=" tombstone artworks"> tombstone artworks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demolition%20threat" title=" demolition threat"> demolition threat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20conservation" title=" heritage conservation"> heritage conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20society%20initiatives" title=" civil society initiatives"> civil society initiatives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173327/preserving-egypts-cultural-heritage-amidst-urban-development-a-case-study-of-the-historic-cairo-cemetery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173327.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">562</span> Residents’ Perceptions towards the Application of Vertical Landscape in Cairo, Egypt </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yomna%20Amr%20Ahmed%20Lotfi%20Koraim">Yomna Amr Ahmed Lotfi Koraim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20Moati%20Rasmi%20Elkhateeb"> Dalia Moati Rasmi Elkhateeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vertical landscape is introduced in this study as an alternative innovative technology for urban sustainable developments for its diverse environmental, economic, and psycho-social advantages. The main aim is to investigate the social acceptance of vertical landscape in Cairo, Egypt. The study objectives were to explore the perceptions of residents concerning this certain phenomenon and their opinions about its implementation. Survey questionnaires were administrated to 60 male and female residents from the Greater Cairo area. Despite the various concerns expressed about the application of vertical landscape, there was a clear majority of approval about its suitability. This is quite encouraging for the prospect of vertical landscape implementation in Cairo, Egypt. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20landscape" title="vertical landscape">vertical landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20facades" title=" green facades"> green facades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20greening" title=" vertical greening"> vertical greening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20acceptance" title=" social acceptance"> social acceptance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20urban%20development" title=" sustainable urban development"> sustainable urban development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72224/residents-perceptions-towards-the-application-of-vertical-landscape-in-cairo-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">561</span> Settlements of Disputes in the Context of Islamic (Sharia) Economics in Indonesia and Egypt: A Comparative Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gemala%20Dewi">Gemala Dewi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wirdyaningsih"> Wirdyaningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farida%20Prihatini"> Farida Prihatini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of sharia business activities at present has solidified its societal mark and has crossed influence between several nations. In the practice, there may be disputes, breaches and other forms of conflict that occurred along the way. In the meantime, alternative settlements of disputes are utilized differently between nations in the context of their political, social, economic, legal and infrastructural (technology and transportation) scope. Besides the various conditions, there is a common driving factor, which is a consequence of the need for businesses to settle conflicts in an efficient and cost-efficient manner. This factor is paired symbiotically with the limitations of the court and legal processes. Knowing this, Indonesia and Egypt represent countries that have similar social, political, economic and legal conditions. This academic research establishes a normative analysis that looks and compares the rules that regulate the prospects and challenges in the regards of dispute settlements in reference to sharia economics in Indonesia and Egypt. This work recommends that sharia economics dispute settlement is significant to be incorporated in both Indonesian and Egyptian legal systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharia%20economics" title="sharia economics">sharia economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispute%20resolution" title=" dispute resolution"> dispute resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia"> Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75894/settlements-of-disputes-in-the-context-of-islamic-sharia-economics-in-indonesia-and-egypt-a-comparative-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">560</span> Potential Impacts of Invasive House Crows (Corvus splendens) Bird Species in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt: Ecology, Control and Risk Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atef%20Mohamed%20Kamel%20Ahmed">Atef Mohamed Kamel Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> House crows (Corvus splendens) have become well-established in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, where they pose several and serious impacts on native biodiversity, ecosystems and humans health. However, there is a lack of literature on the status and effects of invasive birds in Egypt. Over the past 10 years in Ismailia, House crow have increased at a rate approaching (60000 birds)15% per annum; if this were allowed to continue, the population now 10909 birds and will exceed more by 2013, probably accompanied by an increase in geographical distribution in all Suez canal regions and an exacerbation of the problems caused. Population control is recommended, involving improvements in urban hygiene and the capture of adult crows using stupefying baits. Suitable baits and stupefacient doses were identified and these should be used annually, just before the breeding season. Control should be accompanied by studies of relevant aspects of the biology of house crows in Ismailia Governorate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impact%20t" title="environmental impact t">environmental impact t</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-native%20invasive%20species" title=" non-native invasive species"> non-native invasive species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=House%20crow%20birds" title=" House crow birds"> House crow birds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismailia-Egypt" title=" Ismailia-Egypt"> Ismailia-Egypt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4001/potential-impacts-of-invasive-house-crows-corvus-splendens-bird-species-in-ismailia-governorate-egypt-ecology-control-and-risk-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">559</span> Risk Management in Islamic Banks: A Case Study of the Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Saad%20Ahmed%20Hussien">Mohamed Saad Ahmed Hussien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the risk management in Islamic banks and aims to determine the difference in the practices and methods of risk management in those banks compared to the conventional banks, and to make a case study of the biggest Islamic bank in Egypt (Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt) to identify the most important financial risks faced and how to manage those risks. It was found that Islamic banks face two types of risks. The first type is similar to the risks in conventional banks; the second type is the additional risks which facing the Islamic banks only as a result of some Islamic modes of financing. With regard to the risk management, Islamic banks such as conventional banks applied the regulatory rules issued by the Central Banks and the Basel Committee; Islamic banks also applied the instructions and procedures issued by the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB). Also, Islamic banks are similar to the conventional banks in the practices and methods which they use to manage the risks. And there are some factors that may affect the risk management in Islamic banks, such as the size of the bank and the efficiency of the administration and the staff of the bank. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20banks" title="conventional banks">conventional banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Islamic%20Bank%20of%20Egypt" title=" Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt"> Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banks" title=" Islamic banks"> Islamic banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58497/risk-management-in-islamic-banks-a-case-study-of-the-faisal-islamic-bank-of-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">558</span> Water-Sensitive Landscaping in Desert-Located Egyptian Cities through Sheer Reductions of Turfgrass and Efficient Water Use</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20M.%20Asar">Sarah M. Asar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabeel%20M.%20Elhady"> Nabeel M. Elhady</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Egypt’s current per capita water share indicates that the country suffers and has been suffering from water poverty. The abundant utilization of turfgrass in Egypt’s new urban settlements, the reliance on freshwater for irrigation, and the inadequate plant selection increase the water demand in such settlements. Decreasing the surface area of turfgrass by using alternative landscape features such as mulching, using ornamental low-maintenance plants, increasing pathways, etc., could significantly decrease the water demand of urban landscapes. The use of Ammochloa palaestina, Cenchrus crientalis (Oriental Fountain Grass), and Cistus parviflorus (with water demands of approximately 0.005m³/m²/day) as alternatives for Cynodon dactylon (0.01m³/m²/day), which is the most commonly used grass species in Egypt’s landscape, could decrease an area’s water demand by approximately 40-50%. Moreover, creating hydro-zones of similar water demanding plants would enable irrigation facilitation rather than the commonly used uniformed irrigation. Such a practice could further reduce water consumption by 15-20%. These results are based on a case-study analysis of one of Egypt’s relatively new urban settlements, Al-Rehab. Such results emphasize the importance of utilizing native, drought-tolerant vegetation in the urban landscapes of Egypt to reduce irrigation demands. Furthermore, proper implementation, monitoring, and maintenance of automated irrigation systems could be an important factor in a space’s efficient water use. As most new urban settlements in Egypt adopt sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, the lack of maintenance leads to the manual operation of such systems, and, thereby, excessive irrigation occurs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20landscape" title="alternative landscape">alternative landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=native%20plants" title=" native plants"> native plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficient%20irrigation" title=" efficient irrigation"> efficient irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20water%20demand" title=" low water demand"> low water demand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173623/water-sensitive-landscaping-in-desert-located-egyptian-cities-through-sheer-reductions-of-turfgrass-and-efficient-water-use" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">557</span> Egyptian Women in the Informal Economy: Implications of the Covid-19 Pandemic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hagar%20Wahba">Hagar Wahba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In an attempt to bridge a literature gap, the study explores the different gendered consequences of economic globalization on Egyptian women in informal employment. Under the intersectionality theory, the study highlights issues related to equal economic opportunities among women in different segments of informal employment during Covid-19. Accordingly, this study explores the different vulnerabilities of women in lower segments of the informal sector in Egypt, which intersected with inequalities brought by the pandemic. Therefore, through collecting primary data, the study was able to gain a more intersectional understanding of women’s experiences in informal employment during Covid-19. In women in technology-based work in Egypt were proven to be in a more advantaged position than other women whose jobs depended on face-to-face interactions during the pandemic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20globalisation" title="economic globalisation">economic globalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20employment" title=" informal employment"> informal employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egypt" title=" egypt"> egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersectional%20feminism" title=" intersectional feminism"> intersectional feminism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decent%20work" title=" decent work"> decent work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Covid-19" title=" Covid-19"> Covid-19</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149370/egyptian-women-in-the-informal-economy-implications-of-the-covid-19-pandemic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">556</span> LGBT+ Migrants: A Cultural and Legislative Comparison in Canada, Italy and Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Aceranti">Andreas Aceranti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simonetta%20Vernocchi"> Simonetta Vernocchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Federica%20Brondoni"> Federica Brondoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Colorato"> Marco Colorato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20Primatesta"> Marta Primatesta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study entitled “LGBT+ migrants: a cultural and legislative comparison in Canada, Italy and Egypt” suggests an analysis of the living conditions of migrants who are members of the LGBT+ community in Canada, Italy and Egypt. The acronym LGBT+ refers to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and all other gender identities and sexual orientations that do not fit into the male and female binary. This study aims at reflecting on the living conditions of LGBT+ migrants and the relatable difficulties they may face due to the culture and laws of their countries. Migratory flows were examined by providing a definition of "migrant" and the choices that drive a person to migrate elsewhere explained, followed by a focus on the recognition of refugee status related to sexual orientation and gender identity. Furthermore, we will deal with Canada, Italy and Egypt respectively, by analyzing for each country the history and rise of the LGBT+ community, the different laws and especially the migrants’ rights. Finally, the services and associations designed to provide a response to the needs of these people will be analyzed, highlighting the branches which nowadays operate in those areas and the importance of the cultural mediator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LGBTQ%2B" title="LGBTQ+">LGBTQ+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migrants" title=" migrants"> migrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20rights" title=" international rights"> international rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160307/lgbt-migrants-a-cultural-and-legislative-comparison-in-canada-italy-and-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">555</span> Mineral Chemistry of Extraordinary Ilmenite from the Gabbroic Rocks of Abu Ghalaga Area, Eastern Desert, Egypt: Evidence to Metamorphic Modification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaser%20Maher%20Abdel%20Aziz%20Hawa">Yaser Maher Abdel Aziz Hawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An assemblage of Mn-bearing ilmenite, titanomagnetite (4-17 vol.%) and subordinate chalcopyrite, pyrrhptite and pyrite is present as dissiminations in gabbroic rocks of Abu Ghalaga area, Eastern Desert, Egypt. The neoproterozoic gabbroic rocks encompasses these opaques are emplaced during oceanic island arc stage which represents the Nubian shield of Egypt. However, some textural features of these opaques suggest a relict igneous. The high Mn (up to 5.8 MnO%, 1282% MnTiO3) and very low Mg contents (0.21 MgO%, 0.82 MgTiO3) are dissimilar to those of any igneous ilmenite of tholeiitic rocks. Most of these ilmenites are associated mostly with metamorphic hornblende. Hornblende thermometry estimate crystallization of about 560°C. the present study suggests that the ilmenite under consideration has been greatly metamorphically modified, having lost Mg and gained Mn by diffusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanomagnetite" title="titanomagnetite">titanomagnetite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghalaga" title=" Ghalaga"> Ghalaga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ilmenite" title=" ilmenite"> ilmenite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry" title=" chemistry"> chemistry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7253/mineral-chemistry-of-extraordinary-ilmenite-from-the-gabbroic-rocks-of-abu-ghalaga-area-eastern-desert-egypt-evidence-to-metamorphic-modification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">554</span> A Developmental Study of the Flipped Classroom Approach on Students’ Learning in English Language Modules in British University in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20T.%20Zaki">A. T. Zaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The flipped classroom approach as a mode of blended learning was formally introduced to students of the English language modules at the British University in Egypt (BUE) at the start of the academic year 2015/2016. This paper aims to study the impact of the flipped classroom approach after three semesters of implementation. It will restrict itself to the examination of students’ achievement rates, student satisfaction, and how different student cohorts have benefited differently from the flipped practice. The paper concludes with recommendations of how the experience can be further developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=achievement%20rates" title="achievement rates">achievement rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developmental%20experience" title=" developmental experience"> developmental experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flipped%20classroom" title=" flipped classroom"> flipped classroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20cohorts" title=" student cohorts"> student cohorts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20satisfaction" title=" student satisfaction"> student satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67181/a-developmental-study-of-the-flipped-classroom-approach-on-students-learning-in-english-language-modules-in-british-university-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">553</span> Theory about the Gebel El-Arak Knife: Egyptian Knife with Canaanite Relief</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doaa%20El-Shereef">Doaa El-Shereef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper will focus on proving a theory that it is an Egyptian knife with Canaanite relief and will discuss the nature of the Gebel el-Arak Knife and the civilization to which it belongs and the relationship of the Canaanite deity with Mount Abydos in Egypt, and the influence between the ancient Egyptian religion and the Canaanite religion and their effect on each other. Finally, the paper will discuss in full detail the engraving of the two faces of the knife handle and analyze the register on the front face, which is the scene of the two lions engraved, and between them, an old man symbolized as the deity in the middle and compared it with other drawings similar in the Egyptian civilization. The paper will also discuss the registers on the back face, which are the engravings of a battle, soldiers, uniforms, and boats, and how the back face describes a water battle between three Egyptian boats and two foreign ships. In addition, it will prove that those foreign ships were not Mesopotamian ships because, in the period to which the knife of Gebel Al-Arak belongs, between 3300-3100 BC, there were no battles or trade exchanges between Egypt and Mesopotamia on sea routes. However, there was already a strong land and sea trade between Canaan and Egypt during Chalcolithic Age (4500-3500 BC), as described in many primary sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gebel%20el-Arak%20Knife" title=" Gebel el-Arak Knife"> Gebel el-Arak Knife</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Louvre" title=" Louvre"> Louvre</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140037/theory-about-the-gebel-el-arak-knife-egyptian-knife-with-canaanite-relief" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads 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