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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrebassine" title="Contrebassine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Contrebassine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidofono" title="Bidofono – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bidofono" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lav%C3%B3rb%C5%91g%C5%91" title="Lavórbőgő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lavórbőgő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Gutbucket" redirects here. For the band, see <a href="/wiki/Gutbucket_(band)" title="Gutbucket (band)">Gutbucket (band)</a>. For the Liberty Records sampler album, see <a href="/wiki/Gutbucket_(album)" title="Gutbucket (album)">Gutbucket (album)</a>. For the James Brown song, see <a href="/wiki/Gut_Bucket_(song)" title="Gut Bucket (song)">Gut Bucket (song)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washtub-bass-Kianti-Ecolove.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Washtub-bass-Kianti-Ecolove.png/250px-Washtub-bass-Kianti-Ecolove.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Washtub-bass-Kianti-Ecolove.png/330px-Washtub-bass-Kianti-Ecolove.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Washtub-bass-Kianti-Ecolove.png/360px-Washtub-bass-Kianti-Ecolove.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption>A small washtub bass being played</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>washtub bass</b>, or <b>gutbucket</b>, is a stringed instrument used in <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American folk music</a> that uses a metal washtub as a resonator. Although it is possible for a washtub bass to have four or more strings and <a href="/wiki/Tuning_peg" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuning peg">tuning pegs</a>, traditional washtub basses have a single string whose pitch is adjusted by pushing or pulling on a staff or stick to change the tension. </p><p>The washtub bass was used in <a href="/wiki/Jug_band" title="Jug band">jug bands</a> that were popular in some <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> communities in the early 1900s. In the 1950s, <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Skiffle_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Skiffle music">skiffle</a> bands used a variant called a <a href="/wiki/Tea_chest_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Tea chest bass">tea chest bass</a>, and during the 1960s, US folk musicians used the washtub bass in jug band-influenced music. </p><p>Variations on the basic design are found around the world, particularly in the choice of resonator. As a result, there are many different names for the instrument including the "gas-tank bass", "barrel bass", "<a href="/wiki/Box_bass" title="Box bass">box bass</a>" (Trinidad), "bush bass" (Australia), "babatoni" (<a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>), "tanbou marengwen" (Haiti) "<a href="/wiki/Tingotalango" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingotalango">tingotalango</a>" (Cuba), "<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/bidofono" class="extiw" title="it:bidofono">tulòn</a>" (Italy), "laundrophone" and others. </p><p>The hallmarks of the traditional design are simplicity, very low cost and <a href="/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">do it yourself</a> construction, leading to its historical association with lower economic classes. These factors also make it quite common for modern-day builders to promote modifications to the basic design, such as adding a <a href="/wiki/Finger_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Finger board">finger board</a>, pedal, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_pickup" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic pickup">electronic pickup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drumhead" title="Drumhead">drumhead</a>, or making the staff immovable. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washtub_bass&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectricInbindiBass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/ElectricInbindiBass.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Electric "inbindi" bass which is amplified by a public address system</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnomusicologist">Ethnomusicologists</a> trace the origins of the instrument to the <a href="/wiki/Ground_bow" title="Ground bow">'ground bow' or 'ground harp'</a> – a version that uses a piece of bark or an animal skin stretched over a pit as a resonator. The <i>ang-bindi</i> made by the <a href="/wiki/Baka_people_(Congo_and_Sudan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baka people (Congo and Sudan)">Baka people</a> of the Congo is but one example of this instrument found among tribal societies in Africa and Southeast Asia, and it lends its name to the generic term <i>inbindi</i> for all related instruments. Evolution of design, including the use of more portable resonators, has led to many variations, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Dan_bau" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan bau">dan bau</a></i> (Vietnam) and <i><a href="/wiki/Ektara" title="Ektara">gopichand</a></i> (India), and more recently, the "electric one-string", which amplifies the sound using a pickup. </p><p>The washtub bass is sometimes used in a <a href="/wiki/Jug_band" title="Jug band">jug band</a>, often accompanied by a <a href="/wiki/Washboard_(musical_instrument)" title="Washboard (musical instrument)">washboard</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">percussion instrument</a>. Jug bands, first known as "spasm bands", were popular especially among African-Americans around 1900 in New Orleans and reached a height of popularity between 1925 and 1935 in Memphis and Louisville. </p><p>At about the same time, European-Americans of Appalachia were using the instrument in "old-timey" folk music. A musical style known as "gut-bucket blues" came out of the jug band scene, and was cited by <a href="/wiki/Sam_Phillips" title="Sam Phillips">Sam Phillips</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Records" title="Sun Records">Sun Records</a> as the type of music he was seeking when he first recorded <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Willie_%22The_Lion%22_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Willie "The Lion" Smith">Willie "The Lion" Smith</a>'s autobiography, the term "gutbucket" comes from "Negro families" who all owned their own pail, or bucket, and would get it filled with the makings for <a href="/wiki/Chitterlings" title="Chitterlings">chitterlings</a>. The term "gutbucket" came from playing a lowdown style of music.<sup id="cite_ref-Music_on_My_Mind_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Music_on_My_Mind-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In English <a href="/wiki/Skiffle_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Skiffle music">skiffle</a> bands, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <a href="/wiki/Bush_band" title="Bush band">bush bands</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> <a href="/wiki/Kwela" title="Kwela">kwela</a> bands, the same sort of bass has a <a href="/wiki/Tea-chest_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Tea-chest bass">tea chest</a> as a resonator. <a href="/wiki/The_Quarrymen" title="The Quarrymen">The Quarrymen</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a>'s band before <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>, featured a tea-chest bass, as did many young bands around 1956. </p><p>A folk music revival in the U.S. in the early 1960s re-ignited interest in the washtub bass and jug band music. Bands included <a href="/wiki/Mother_McCree%27s_Uptown_Jug_Champions_(album)" title="Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions (album)">Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions</a>, which later became The <a href="/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">Grateful Dead</a>, and the Jim Kweskin Jug Band, which featured <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Richmond" title="Fritz Richmond">Fritz Richmond</a> on bass. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tea_chest_bass">Tea chest bass</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washtub_bass&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Tea chest bass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhoener_Saeuwaentzt_Guenther.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Rhoener_Saeuwaentzt_Guenther.jpg/250px-Rhoener_Saeuwaentzt_Guenther.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Rhoener_Saeuwaentzt_Guenther.jpg/330px-Rhoener_Saeuwaentzt_Guenther.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Rhoener_Saeuwaentzt_Guenther.jpg/500px-Rhoener_Saeuwaentzt_Guenther.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="1159" /></a><figcaption>Tea chest bass</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>tea chest bass</b> is a variation of the washtub bass that uses a <a href="/wiki/Tea_chest" title="Tea chest">tea chest</a> as the resonator for an upright stringed <a href="/wiki/Bass_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass (instrument)">bass</a>. The instrument is made from a pole, traditionally a <a href="/wiki/Broomstick" class="mw-redirect" title="Broomstick">broomstick</a>, placed into or alongside the chest. One or more strings are stretched along the pole and plucked.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Europe, particularly Britain and Germany, the instrument is associated with <a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">skiffle</a> bands.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Australia it was traditionally used to provide deep sounds for "<a href="/wiki/Bush_band" title="Bush band">bush bands</a>", though most such groups today use <a href="/wiki/Electric_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric bass">electric bass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known as <b>bush bass</b> or <b>Tbox</b> in Australia, and was used by the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> group the <a href="/wiki/Mills_Sisters_(Northern_Territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mills Sisters (Northern Territory)">Mills Sisters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-june_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-june-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_variations">Other variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washtub_bass&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gumtreebushband.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gumtreebushband.jpg/200px-Gumtreebushband.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gumtreebushband.jpg/300px-Gumtreebushband.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gumtreebushband.jpg/400px-Gumtreebushband.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Australian bush band with tea chest bass player.</figcaption></figure> <p>Other variations on the basic design are found around the world, particularly in the choice of resonator, for example: </p> <ul><li>"gas-tank bass"</li> <li>"barrel bass"</li> <li>"box bass" (<a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a>)</li> <li>"bush bass" (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li> <li>"babatoni" (<a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>)</li> <li>"dumdum" (<a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>)</li> <li>"dan bau" (<a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>)</li> <li>"sanduku" (<a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>)</li> <li>"tanbou marengwen, in English, mosquito drum" (<a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>)</li> <li>"tingotalango" (<a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>)</li> <li>"<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/bidofono" class="extiw" title="it:bidofono">tulòn</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_players">Notable players</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washtub_bass&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable players"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Redd_Foxx_Don_Bexley_Sanford_and_Son_1976.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Redd_Foxx_Don_Bexley_Sanford_and_Son_1976.JPG/180px-Redd_Foxx_Don_Bexley_Sanford_and_Son_1976.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Redd_Foxx_Don_Bexley_Sanford_and_Son_1976.JPG/270px-Redd_Foxx_Don_Bexley_Sanford_and_Son_1976.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Redd_Foxx_Don_Bexley_Sanford_and_Son_1976.JPG/360px-Redd_Foxx_Don_Bexley_Sanford_and_Son_1976.JPG 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="926" /></a><figcaption>Don Bexley and Redd Foxx in episode of <i>Sanford and Son</i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Will_Shade" title="Will Shade">Will Shade</a>, vocalist and multi-instrumentalist member of the <a href="/wiki/Memphis_Jug_Band" title="Memphis Jug Band">Memphis Jug Band</a> who recorded from the 1920s until his death in 1966.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Joe_McCoy" title="Kansas Joe McCoy">Kansas Joe McCoy</a>, washtub bass player and multi-instrumentalist, recorded with <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Crudup" title="Arthur Crudup">Arthur Crudup</a> in 1941.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Richmond" title="Fritz Richmond">Fritz Richmond</a> (1939–2005)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has performed on numerous recordings from America and Japan. One of his washtub basses is in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Kachamba" title="Donald Kachamba">Donald Kachamba</a> and Moya Aliya, one-string box players with the influential Malawi group Kachamba Brothers Band. Can be heard on "Donald Kachamba's Kwela Band",<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "Malawi / Concert Kwela".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Ritchie" title="Brian Ritchie">Brian Ritchie</a>, of the band The <a href="/wiki/Violent_Femmes" title="Violent Femmes">Violent Femmes</a>, plays a 'tubless electric washtub bass'.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Claypool" title="Les Claypool">Les Claypool</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Primus_(band)" title="Primus (band)">Primus</a>, often plays a variation called a <a href="/wiki/Whamola" title="Whamola">whamola</a>, as can be heard on the opening theme of the tenth season of <i><a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i>.</li> <li>Bill Smith, Len Garry,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vaughan" title="Ivan Vaughan">Ivan Vaughan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Walley" title="Nigel Walley">Nigel Walley</a>, tea-chest bass players of The <a href="/wiki/Quarrymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarrymen">Quarrymen</a>.</li> <li>John Sanford, a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Redd_Foxx" title="Redd Foxx">Redd Foxx</a>, got his start in show business as washtub bass player for the "Bon Bons".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Sanford_and_Son" title="Sanford and Son">Sanford and Son</a></i> episode "Sanford and Gong" (aired December 17, 1976), Sanford and <a href="/wiki/Don_Bexley" title="Don Bexley">Don "Bubba" Bexley</a> audition for <i>The Gong Show</i> with Bubba on washtub bass.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emmett_Otter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emmett Otter (page does not exist)">Emmett Otter</a>, a Muppet voiced by Jerry Nelson in <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Otter%27s_Jug_Band_Christmas" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmett Otter's Jug Band Christmas">Emmett Otter's Jug Band Christmas</a>, puts a hole in his mother's washtub in order to make a washtub bass. He later performs with it in a talent show.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Weir" title="Bob Weir">Bob Weir</a> and Mike Garbett played washtub bass on the eponymous album <a href="/wiki/Mother_McCree%27s_Uptown_Jug_Champions_(album)" title="Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions (album)">Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions</a> – a forerunner band to Grateful Dead.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stu_Cook" title="Stu Cook">Stu Cook</a>, the bassist of Creedence Clearwater Revival, played washtub bass on the track "Poorboy Shuffle" from the album <i><a href="/wiki/Willy_and_the_Poor_Boys" title="Willy and the Poor Boys">Willy and the Poor Boys</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He faked playing the instrument to a recording of "Down on the Corner" on the ABC-TV variety show <i>Music Scene</i>, December 1, 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lionel Kilberg (1930–2008), promoter and player of the 'Brownie Bass' with 'The Shanty Boys' during the folk music revival of the 1950s and 1960s in New York, and producer/lyricist/player of the 1973 album <i>We Walked by the Water</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> featuring <a href="/wiki/Kate_Wolf" title="Kate Wolf">Kate Wolf</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/That_1_Guy" title="That 1 Guy">That 1 Guy</a> plays a variation of the washtub bass called the 'Magic Pipe' and a few other self-built instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Geoff Bell played the washtub bass for folk punk group <a href="/wiki/Days_N%27_Daze" title="Days N' Daze">Days N' Daze</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washtub_bass&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Music_on_My_Mind-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Music_on_My_Mind_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith1964" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Willie the Lion (1964). <i>Music on My Mind: The Memoirs of an American Pianist, Foreword by Duke Ellington</i>. New York City: Doubleday & Company Inc. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+on+My+Mind%3A+The+Memoirs+of+an+American+Pianist%2C+Foreword+by+Duke+Ellington&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Doubleday+%26+Company+Inc.&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Willie+the+Lion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashtub+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/studio-sos-amplifying-recording-tea-chest-bass">"Studio SOS: Amplifying & Recording A Tea-Chest Bass"</a>. <i>www.soundonsound.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.soundonsound.com&rft.atitle=Studio+SOS%3A+Amplifying+%26+Recording+A+Tea-Chest+Bass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundonsound.com%2Ftechniques%2Fstudio-sos-amplifying-recording-tea-chest-bass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashtub+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-june-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-june_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://larrakia.com/talent-view/june-mills/">"June Mills"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Video (2 mins) + text)</span>. <i>Larrakia Nation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Larrakia+Nation&rft.atitle=June+Mills&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flarrakia.com%2Ftalent-view%2Fjune-mills%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashtub+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Fritz Richmond, 66, a Master of the Jug and Washtub Bass, Is Dead", AP/New York Times, November 24, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">No label, recorded live in Austria at Jazz-Pub Wiesen and at Montage-Recording, August 1978</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Chant Du Monde – LDX 274 972, France, 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bass Player Magazine, May 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Before they were Beatles, they were Quarrymen", Gillian G. Gaar, <i>Goldmine Magazine</i>, November 28, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Lonnie Donegan and the Birth of British Rock and Roll", Patrick Humphries, Biteback Publishing, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFByarlay2009" class="citation web cs1">Byarlay, Ryan (10 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/foxx-redd-1922-1991/">"Redd Foxx (1922–1991)"</a>. <i>Blackpast.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blackpast.org&rft.atitle=Redd+Foxx+%281922%E2%80%931991%29&rft.date=2009-05-10&rft.aulast=Byarlay&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackpast.org%2Fafrican-american-history%2Ffoxx-redd-1922-1991%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashtub+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEd_Ward" class="citation web cs1">Ed Ward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314071722/http://www.concordmusicgroup.com/assets/documents01/Artists/Creedence-Clearwater-Revival/FAN-30879-02/Willy-And-The-Poor-Boys-40th-Anniversary-Liner-Notes.pdf">"40th anniversary re-issue liner notes. <i>Willy and the Poor Boys</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.concordmusicgroup.com/assets/documents01/Artists/Creedence-Clearwater-Revival/FAN-30879-02/Willy-And-The-Poor-Boys-40th-Anniversary-Liner-Notes.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=40th+anniversary+re-issue+liner+notes.+Willy+and+the+Poor+Boys&rft.au=Ed+Ward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.concordmusicgroup.com%2Fassets%2Fdocuments01%2FArtists%2FCreedence-Clearwater-Revival%2FFAN-30879-02%2FWilly-And-The-Poor-Boys-40th-Anniversary-Liner-Notes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashtub+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0653995/?ref_=ttep_ep11">"Neil Diamond, Mama Cass Elliot, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66, Smokey Robinson & The Miracles"</a>. <i>IMDb.com</i>. 1 December 1969<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb.com&rft.atitle=Neil+Diamond%2C+Mama+Cass+Elliot%2C+Creedence+Clearwater+Revival%2C+Sergio+Mendes+%26+Brasil+%2766%2C+Smokey+Robinson+%26+The+Miracles&rft.date=1969-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0653995%2F%3Fref_%3Dttep_ep11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashtub+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoostryng Records, re-issued 1995 by Gadfly Records as <i>Breezes</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westword.com/music/that-1-guy-5095641">"That 1 Guy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=That+1+Guy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westword.com%2Fmusic%2Fthat-1-guy-5095641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashtub+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rochesterbeacon.com/2021/09/24/darkness-murder-on-stage/">"Darkness, murder on stage"</a>. 24 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darkness%2C+murder+on+stage&rft.date=2021-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frochesterbeacon.com%2F2021%2F09%2F24%2Fdarkness-murder-on-stage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashtub+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washtub_bass&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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wave">Longitudinal wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long-string_instrument" title="Long-string instrument">Long-string instrument</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melde%27s_experiment" title="Melde's experiment">Melde's experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersenne%27s_laws" title="Mersenne's laws">Mersenne's laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochord" title="Monochord">Monochord</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_On_A_Long_Thin_Wire" title="Music On A Long Thin Wire">Music On A Long Thin Wire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(physics)" title="Node (physics)">Node</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(string_instrument)" title="Nut (string instrument)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reentrant_tuning" title="Reentrant tuning">Re-entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scale_length_(string_instruments)" title="Scale length (string instruments)">Scale length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_board_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound board (music)">Soundboard</a></li> <li><a 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title="Boom-ba">Boom-ba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0n_b%E1%BA%A7u" title="Đàn bầu">Đàn bầu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diddley_bow" title="Diddley bow">Diddley bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duxianqin" title="Duxianqin">Duxianqin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ektara" title="Ektara">Ektara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_bow" title="Ground bow">Ground bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichigenkin" title="Ichigenkin">Ichigenkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jap_fiddle" title="Jap fiddle">Japanese fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew%27s_harp" title="Jew's harp">Jaw harp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genggong" title="Genggong">Genggong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogona" title="Gogona">Gogona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temir_komuz" title="Temir komuz">Khomuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubing" title="Kubing">Kubing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsing" title="Morsing">Morsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukkuri" title="Mukkuri">Mukkuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langeleik" title="Langeleik">Langeleik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesiba" title="Lesiba">Lesiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masenqo" title="Masenqo">Masenqo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onavillu" title="Onavillu">Onavillu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalmodicon" title="Psalmodicon">Psalmodicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromba_marina" title="Tromba marina">Tromba marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbi" title="Tumbi">Tumbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umuduri" title="Umuduri">Umuduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitar_(instrument)" title="Unitar (instrument)">Unitar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washtub bass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bass_(sound)72" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bass_(sound)" title="Template:Bass (sound)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bass_(sound)" title="Template talk:Bass (sound)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bass_(sound)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bass (sound)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bass_(sound)72" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bass_(sound)" title="Bass (sound)">Bass (sound)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_bass_guitar" title="Acoustic bass guitar">Acoustic bass guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">Bass (voice type)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_clarinet" title="Bass clarinet">Bass clarinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">Bass drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">Bass guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_pedals" title="Bass pedals">Bass pedals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_saxophone" title="Bass saxophone">Bass saxophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_synthesizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass synthesizer">Bass synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_trombone" title="Bass trombone">Bass trombone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">Bassoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrabassoon" title="Contrabassoon">Contrabassoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrabass_trombone" title="Contrabass trombone">Contrabass trombone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">Double bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphonium" title="Euphonium">Euphonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarr%C3%B3n_mexicano" title="Guitarrón mexicano">Guitarrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_bass" title="Keyboard bass">Keyboard bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octobass" title="Octobass">Octobass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_keyboard" title="Pedal keyboard">Pedal keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">Tuba</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washtub bass</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FClef.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="F (bass) clef symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/FClef.svg/40px-FClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/FClef.svg/60px-FClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/FClef.svg/80px-FClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performance/<br />notation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_bass" title="Alternate bass">Alternate bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_clef" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass clef">Bass clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_effects" title="Bass effects">Bass effects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_chorus" title="Bass chorus">Bass chorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzz_bass" title="Fuzz bass">Fuzz bass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_note" title="Bass note">Bass note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassline" title="Bassline">Bassline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basso_continuo" title="Basso continuo">Basso continuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_(sound)" title="Drone (sound)">Burden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figured_bass" title="Figured bass">Figured bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfigured_bass" title="Unfigured bass">Unfigured bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partimento" title="Partimento">Partimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_bass" title="Jazz bass">Jazz bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lament_bass" title="Lament bass">Lament bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostinato" title="Ostinato">Ostinato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapping_(music)" title="Slapping (music)">Slap bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkdown" title="Walkdown">Walkdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Walking bass">Walking bass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sound<br />reproduction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_amplifier" title="Bass amplifier">Bass amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-frequency_effects" title="Low-frequency effects">Low-frequency effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-bass" title="Sub-bass">Sub-bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subwoofer" title="Subwoofer">Subwoofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woofer" title="Woofer">Woofer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox436" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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