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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kort_biografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kort_biografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kort biografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kort_biografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filosofie_van_Wetenskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosofie_van_Wetenskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Filosofie van Wetenskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filosofie_van_Wetenskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politieke_Wetenskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politieke_Wetenskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politieke Wetenskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politieke_Wetenskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritiek_op_Popper_se_werk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritiek_op_Popper_se_werk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kritiek op Popper se werk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritiek_op_Popper_se_werk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bronne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belangrikste_werke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belangrikste_werke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Belangrikste werke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belangrikste_werke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Popper</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 90 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="كارل بوبر – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارل بوبر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="كارل بوبر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارل بوبر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="কাৰ্ল পপাৰ – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাৰ্ল পপাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="کارل پوپر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کارل پوپر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Карл Попер – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карл Попер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Карл Попэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Карл Попэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Карл Попър – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карл Попър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="কার্ল পপার – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্ল পপার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%B5_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1" title="کارڵ پۆپەر – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کارڵ پۆپەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BB_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Καρλ Πόπερ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρλ Πόπερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="کارل پوپر – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارل پوپر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8" title="קרל פופר – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרל פופר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0" title="सर कार्ल पॉपर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सर कार्ल पॉपर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AC_%D5%93%D5%B8%D6%83%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կարլ Փոփեր – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարլ Փոփեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9D%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC" title="カール・ポパー – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カール・ポパー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კარლ პოპერი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარლ პოპერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Карл Поппер – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Карл Поппер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸರ್ ಕರ್ಲ್ ಪೊಪ್ಪೆರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸರ್ ಕರ್ಲ್ ಪೊಪ್ಪೆರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC_%ED%8F%AC%ED%8D%BC" title="칼 포퍼 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼 포퍼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Popper" title="Carolus Popper – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Popper" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81rlis_Popers" title="Kārlis Popers – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kārlis Popers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Карл Попер – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карл Попер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC" title="കാൾ പോപ്പർ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാൾ പോപ്പർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Карл Поппер – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Карл Поппер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="پوپر – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پوپر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕਾਰਲ ਪੌਪਰ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਲ ਪੌਪਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="کارل پاپر – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کارل پاپر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Поппер, Карл – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поппер, Карл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Raimund_Popper" title="Karl Raimund Popper – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karl Raimund Popper" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Карл Попер – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Карл Попер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="கார்ல் பொப்பர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்ல் பொப்பர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Raimund_Popper" title="Karl Raimund Popper – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Karl Raimund Popper" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Карл Поппер – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карл Поппер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94" title="卡尔·波普尔 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡尔·波普尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კარლ პოპერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კარლ პოპერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="קארל פאפער – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קארל פאפער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Karl Popper" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94" title="卡尔·波普尔 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡尔·波普尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E6%B3%A2%E6%99%AE%E7%88%BE" title="卡爾波普爾 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡爾波普爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81244#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Karl_Popper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Karl_Popper.jpg/264px-Karl_Popper.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Karl_Popper.jpg/396px-Karl_Popper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Karl_Popper.jpg/528px-Karl_Popper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="769" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="line-height:12px;font-size: 85%;">Karl Popper ca. 1980's</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Geboortenaam </th> <td>Karl Raimund Popper </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Gebore </th> <td><a href="/wiki/28_Julie" title="28 Julie">28 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wene" title="Wene">Wene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk-Hongarye" title="Oostenryk-Hongarye">Oostenryk-Hongarye</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Oorlede </th> <td>17 September 1994 (op 92)<br /><a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Nasionaliteit </th> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Oostenryk"><img alt="Vlag van Oostenryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk" title="Oostenryk">Oostenryk</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Verenigde Koninkryk"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde Koninkryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Vakgebied </th> <td>epistemologie, rasionaliteit, Filosofie van die wetenskap, logika, Sosiale en politieke filosofie, metafisika, Filosofie van die gees, Oorsprong van die lewe, Interpretasie van kwantummeganika </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Beïnvloed deur </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sokrates" title="Sokrates">Sokrates</a>, Lycophron, <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a>, Descartes, Kant, Schopenhauer, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a>, Kierkegaard, Einstein, Wene-sirkel, Hayek, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Tarski" title="Alfred Tarski">Alfred Tarski</a>, Selz, Russell, Campbell, Burke, Mill, Hume, Wächtershäuser </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Invloed op </th> <td>Feitlik al die filosofie van die wetenskap sedert die 1930's<br />Hayek, Friedman, Lakatos, Feyerabend, Soros, Miller, Agassi, Bartley, Gombrich, Jarvie, Dahrendorf, Levinson, Gellner, Munz, Magee, Lorenz, Shearmur, Medawar, Dimitrakos, Albert, Gellner, Dirk Verhofstadt, <a href="/wiki/Nassim_Nicholas_Taleb" title="Nassim Nicholas Taleb">Nassim Nicholas Taleb</a>, Deutsch, Eccles, Penrose </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Karl Raimund Popper</b> (<a href="/wiki/Wene" title="Wene">Wene</a>, <a href="/wiki/28_Julie" title="28 Julie">28 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a> – <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a>, <a href="/wiki/17_September" title="17 September">17 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>) was 'n Oostenryks-Britse <a href="/wiki/Filosoof" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosoof">filosoof</a> wat veral bekend is vir sy <a href="/wiki/Wetenskaplike_metode" title="Wetenskaplike metode">wetenskaplike metode</a>-teorie, sy kritiek op die historiese determinisme en steun vir die 'oop samelewing'. </p><p>Hy was 'n belangrike sosiale en politieke filosoof, 'n vurige ondersteuner van die liberale <a href="/wiki/Demokrasie" title="Demokrasie">demokrasie</a>, die beginsels van sosiale kritiek waarop dit gegrond is, en 'n onwrikbare teenstander van <a href="/wiki/Outoritarisme" title="Outoritarisme">outoritarisme</a>. Hy het ook bekend geword vir sy weerlegging van die klassieke denkmodel van wetenskap as 'n proses van waarneming en induksie en sy pleidooi vir "<a href="/wiki/Vervalsbaarheid" title="Vervalsbaarheid">weerlegbaarheid</a>" as kriterium om <a href="/wiki/Wetenskap" title="Wetenskap">wetenskap</a> van nie-wetenskap te onderskei. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kort_biografie">Kort biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Kort biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Kort biografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karl Popper is in 1902 in Wene, <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk" title="Oostenryk">Oostenryk</a> gebore in 'n <a href="/wiki/Jood" class="mw-redirect" title="Jood">Joodse</a> gesin. Sy ouers het egter hul Joodse geloof prysgegee en hy het grootgeword as 'n gesekulariseerde Oostenryker. Op 16 jarige leeftyd verlaat hy sy ouerhuis in 'n bui van opstandige, jeugdige verset. Hy doen eers handearbeid, maar skryf hom ook in aan die Universiteit van Wene, waar hy in die <a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">fisika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiskunde" title="Wiskunde">wiskunde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sielkunde" title="Sielkunde">sielkunde</a> en filosofie studeer. In <i>Unended Quest</i> (sy "intellektuele biografie") vertel hy hoe sy kort flankeerdery met die <a href="/wiki/Kommunisme" title="Kommunisme">Kommunisme</a> geëindig het by die aanskoue van hoe ongewapende jong sosialiste in <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> buite 'n polisiekantoor doodgeskiet is in 'n betoging wat deur kommuniste gereël is. </p><p>Hy promoveer in <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> onder Karl Bühler in die filosofie, en hou skool in 'n middelbare skool van <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>. In <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> emigreer hy na <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Seeland" title="Nieu-Seeland">Nieu-Seeland</a> as gevolg van die opkomende Nazisme in <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> en Oostenryk. Daar word hy lektor in die filosofie aan die Canterbury University College in <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>. In <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> verhuis hy na <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a> om lektor te word in die <a href="/wiki/Logika" title="Logika">logika</a> en die wetenskaplike metode aan die London School of Economics, waar hy in <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> tot professor bevorder word. Hy word tot Britse Ridder geslaan deur <a href="/wiki/Koningin_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Koningin Elizabeth II">Koningin Elizabeth II</a> in <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>. </p><p>Popper word in <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a> tot 'Fellow' van die <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> gekies. Hy ontrek homself uit die akademie in <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>, hoewel hy intellektueel aktief bly tot sy dood in London in 1994. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filosofie_van_Wetenskap">Filosofie van Wetenskap</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Filosofie van Wetenskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Filosofie van Wetenskap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Popper gebruik self die term 'kritiese <a href="/wiki/Rasionalisme" title="Rasionalisme">rasionalisme</a>' om sy filosofie te omskryf. Hierdie benaming is van belang omdat dit sy verwerping van die klassieke empirisme en van die waarneming-induksiemodel wat daaruit ontwikkel het, aandui. Popper was 'n aktiewe teenstander van dié model. Popper het geargumenteer dat wetenskaplike teorieë universeel van aard is en alleen indirek getoets kan word deur na hul implikasies te verwys. </p><p>Die probleem van die onderskeid tussen wetenskaplike en nie-wetenskaplike (d.i. metafisiese) teorieë het heelwat van sy aandag in beslag geneem. Hy noem dit die "demarkasieprobleem" en probeer dit skerp onderskei van die probleem wat die filosofiese denkers veral die sg. <a href="/wiki/Weense_Sirkel" title="Weense Sirkel">Weense Sirkel</a> destyds in Wene geboei het. Vir hulle was die vraag: Wat maak taalgebruik betekenisvol? Popper ag dit 'n onbelangrike probleem, en vra liewer: Wat maak 'n teorie wetenskaplik? </p><p>Popper het mettertyd 'n eie, unieke wetenskapsfilosofie ontwikkel wat hy in <a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a> in <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a> op 32-jarige ouderdom gepubliseer het as <i>Die Logik der Forschung</i> (Die Logika van Navorsing). Dié werk is in <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> in <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a> vertaal as <i>The Logic of Scientific Discovery</i> en word deur baie filosowe gereken as die invloedrykste teks in die wetenskapsfilosofie wat in Engels sedert die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> verskyn het. Popper se wetenskapsfilosofie het bekend geraak as "vervalsbaarheid". </p><p>Volgens Popper kan logiesgewys geen hoeveelheid positiewe uitkomste op die vlak van eksperimentele toetsing enige wetenskaplike teorie waar bewys nie, maar 'n enkele eksperimentele weerspreking is logieserwys bepalend: dit wys die teorie, waarvan die implikasie verkry is, is vals. </p><p>Popper se beskrywing van die logiese asimmetrie tussen verifiëring en falsifiëring vorm die kern van die filosofie van die wetenskap. Dit inspireer hom ook om die valsbewysbaarheid te gebruik as kriteruim om onderskeid te maak tussen dit wat wetenskaplik is en nie-wetenskaplik is nie. Volgens Popper kan kennis alleen as wetenskaplik erken word indien dit die strengste moontlike toetse kan weerstaan om dit vals te bewys. Hy het die aansprake op wetenskaplikheid van beide die <a href="/wiki/Psigoanalise" title="Psigoanalise">psigoanalise</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">marxisme</a> verwerp, aangesien die teorieë waarop beide strominge gegrond word nie as vals bewys kon word nie. </p><p>Alle wetenskaplike kennis is vir Popper ook bloot voorlopig en niks is vas en seker nie. Daar is geen uiteindelike fondament van kennis nie. Sodanige kennis word gegenereer deur die kreatiewe verbeelding met die doel om probleme op te los wat ontstaan het in 'n spesifieke historiese-kulturele omgewing. Uit hierdie veronderstelling vloei sy ander bekende boek oor die wetenskapfilosofie voort, naamlik <i>Conjectures and Refutations</i>. Die naam dui daarop dat wetenskaplike kennis ontwikkel op die grondslag dat wetenskaplikes voorlopige veronderstellings (<i>conjectures</i>) maak, wat dan aan valsbewysbare toetse (<i>refutation</i>) onderwerp moet word. Slaag die veronderstelling die toets, word dit voorlopig aanvaar as 'n getoetse wetenskaplike wet totdat nuwe getuienis dit kan weerlê, waarna die siklus weer voortgaan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politieke_Wetenskap">Politieke Wetenskap</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Politieke Wetenskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Politieke Wetenskap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nóú verwant aan Popper se wetenskapfilosofie, is sy filosofie van die oop samelewing (<i>Open Society</i>). Sy boek <i>The Open Society and its enemies</i> het gevolg op sy vrywillige bannelingskap uit Nazi-Oostenryk in 1936 na Nieu-Seeland. Hy het <i>The Open Society</i> geskryf aan die Universiteit van Christchurch, waar hy gedurende die Tweede Wêreldoorlog gedoseer het. Dit is 'n hartstogtelike aanval op die filosofiese vyande van vryheid, gelykheid en rasionaliteit. Veral <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a> en <a href="/wiki/Marx" class="mw-redirect" title="Marx">Marx</a> het onder skoot gekom. Vir Popper was gemelde filosowe die intellektuele oorsprong van outoritarisme en <a href="/wiki/Totalitarisme" title="Totalitarisme">totalitarisme</a> wat veral die tydperk ná die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a> gekenmerk het. Die gruwelikste voorbeelde daarvan is volgens hom <a href="/wiki/Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin">Stalin</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>. </p><p>Die oop samelewing sluit aan by Popper se wetenskapfilosofie. Popper beskou enige samelewing as geslote wanneer dit op die grondslag van mites, mistisisme en politieke ideologieë soos Marxisme, Nazisme of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> gegrond is. 'n Samelewing kan volgens Popper alleen as oop, demokraties en vry beskou word indien dit georganiseer word op die grondslag dat politieke kennis altyd voorlopig is en aan kritiek onderwerp kan word. Vryheid vlieg byvoorbeeld by die deur uit die oomblik wanneer mense 'n obsessie begin ontwikkel oor die vrae: Wat is reg? Wie weet die beste? Wie behoort te regeer? Volgens Popper kry die mens dan die waansin van "fantasieë oor filosoofkonings, Pruisiese vorste en die diktatuur van die proletariaat". </p><p>Die vraag mag nooit wees "Wie moet regeer?" nie. Die vraag is eerder: "Hoe beskerm ons ons teen swak regering?" Politieke beleid het dieselfde status as wetenskaplike teorieë; dis voorstelle wat slegs standhou tot tyd en wyl kritiek hulle weerlê het en hulle vervang is deur ander, hopelik beter, maar steeds kritiseerbare voorstelle. </p><p>Meer nog, hy verwerp <a href="/wiki/Revolusie" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolusie">revolusie</a> as vorm van politieke handeling, omdat dit onderlê word deur 'n veronderstelling van utopiese sosiale ingenierswese wat hemel op aarde beloof en wat ontken dat die mens self besluite oor die toekoms kan maak en uitvoer. Utopiese sosiale ingenieurs soos Marx veronderstel volgens Popper, dat die <a href="/wiki/Geskiedenis" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Geskiedenis">geskiedenis</a> onafwendbaar sy gang moet gaan. Die oop samelewing, vir Popper, word gekenmerk deur stuksgewyse sosiale verandering omdat die mens net gedeeltelike en voorlopige kennis oor samelewingstoestande kan hê. Dus moet stapsgewyse veranderinge aangebring word en deur ervaring geleer word voordat volgende beleidsrigtings oorweeg word. Die oop samelewing is dus een waarin politieke idees in die openbaar getoets en gekritiseer kan word en individue persoonlike verantwoordelikheid vir hulle eie morele besluite neem. In die oop samelewing word leiers deur die stembus van hulle mag ontneem. </p><p>Vryheid en individuele regte is vir Popper die uitstaande kenmerke van die oop samelewing. 'n Demokrasie is 'n samelewing waarin kritiek geinstitusionaliseer is. Daarom is demokrasie nie in die eerste instansie <a href="/wiki/Regering" title="Regering">regering</a> deur die meerderheid nie, want die meerderheid kan altyd, soos die minderheid, tiranniek regeer. </p><p>'n Demokrasie is 'n samelewing waarin instellings verskans is wat kritiek op die regering van die dag moontlik maak; instellings soos 'n vrye pers, 'n veelparty- parlementêre stelsel en 'n onafhanklike regbank. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kritiek_op_Popper_se_werk">Kritiek op Popper se werk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Kritiek op Popper se werk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Kritiek op Popper se werk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Popper se werk het ook kritiek uitgelok. Aan die een kant is daar diegene wat die stellings van die historisisme of holisme as intellektueel gerespekteerde teorieë erken wil sien, terwyl ander die marxisme of die psigoanalise as wetenskaplike teorieë beskou. </p><p>Volgens die Quine-Duhem-tese is dit onmoontlik om 'n enkele hipotese op sy eie te toets, aangesien elke enkele een deel vorm van 'n groep teorieë. Dus kan slegs gesê word dat 'n hele pakket van relevante teorieë kollektief vals bewys word, maar daar kan nie oortuigend gesê word watter element van die pakket moet vervang word nie. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn" title="Thomas Kuhn">Thomas Kuhn</a> se invloedryke boek <i>The Structure of Scientific Revolutions</i> argumenteer dat wetenskaplikes werk volgens 'n reeks paradigmas, en hy vind weinig bewys dat wetenskaplikes werklik die metodologie van falsifisering gebruik. Popper se student <a href="/wiki/Imre_Lakatos" title="Imre Lakatos">Imre Lakatos</a> het gepoog om Kuhn se werk met "falsifikasionisme" te verbind deur te argumenteer dat wetenskap vorder deur die vals bewys van navorsingsprogramme eerder as deur die spesifieke universele stellings van naïewe "falsifikasionisme". Nog 'n student van Popper, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Paul Feyerabend</a>, het uiteindelik alle voorskriflike metodologie verwerp en geargumenteer dat die enigste universele metode wat wetenskaplike vooruitgang kenmerk is dat enigiets kan werk (<i>anything goes</i>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Margrave_Taylor" title="Charles Margrave Taylor">Charles Margrave Taylor</a> beskuldig Popper daarvan dat hy sy wêreldberoemdheid as 'n epistemoloog misbruik om die belangrikheid van die kontinentale tradisionele filosowe van die 20ste eeu te onderspeel/verkleineer. Volgens Taylor is Popper se kritiek ongegrond, maar word ontvang met aandag en respek wat Popper se "intrinsieke waarde nouliks verdien". </p><p>Aan die begin van die 21ste eeu beweer Michel ter Hark dat Popper aspekte van sy idees nie self uitgedink het nie, maar van een van sy leermeesters, die Duitse jood Otto Selz, oorgeneem het. Selz het nooit self gepubliseer nie, deels ondat hy in <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> agv druk deur die Nazi's sy werk moes staak, en omdat daar 'n verbod was op verwysings na Selz se werk in die tyd. Ter Hark skryf hieroor in die boek <i>Popper, Otto Selz and the rise of evolutionary epistemology.</i> </p><p>Hierdie kritiek doen nie fundamenteel afbreuk aan die invloed en belang van Popper as een van die mees vooraanstaande denkers oor die teorie van wetenskaplike metode en as prominente kritikus van die outoritarisme in die twintigste eeu nie. Volgens Anton van Niekerk het die geskiedenis Popper reg bewys: samelewings wat gebou word op totalitêre anneksasie van die idees van reg en orde (soos apartheid <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> en kommunistiese <a href="/wiki/Oos-Europa" title="Oos-Europa">Oos-Europa</a>) het uiteindelik voete van klei. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronne">Bronne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bronne"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saamgestel en vertaal uit Engelse en Nederlandse Wikipedia met bywerkings vanuit: </p> <ul><li>Albert Venter, "Die intellektuele wêreld is beslis armer sonder Popper", Beeld, 22 September 1994.</li> <li>Anton van Niekerk, "Suid-Afrika kan leer uit Popper se idee van demokrasie", Die Burger, 3 Oktober 1994.</li> <li>Karl Popper in die Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Literatuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Feyerabend, P. Against Method. London: New Left Books, 1975. Boek van 'n voormalige kollega van Popper, met sterk kritiek op Popper se rasionalistiese uitkyk op die wetenskap.</li> <li>Kuhn, T. S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962. 'n Kernpunt van die hedendaagse filosofie is die debat tussen die volgelinge van Kuhn en Popper oor die aard van wetenskaplike ondersoek. Dit is die boek waarin die gesigspunte van die eersgenoemde op klassieke wyse uiteengesit word.</li> <li>Magee, B. Popper. London: Fontana, 1977. 'n Goeie inleiding, uiters leesbaar maar onkrities oor Popper.</li> <li>O'Hear, A. Karl Popper. London: Routledge, 1980. 'n Kritiese uiteensetting van Popper se denke, beskou vanuit die hedendaagse analitiese filosofie.</li> <li>Schilpp, P. A., ed. The Philosophy of Karl Popper, 2 vols. La Salle, IL: Open Court Press, 1974. Een van die beter bydraes tot die reeks 'Library of Living Philosophers'. Bevat Popper's intellektuele autobiografie, 'n uitgebreide reeks kritiese essays en Popper se antwoorde daarop.</li> <li>Stokes, G. Popper: Philosophy, Politics and Scientific Method. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998. 'n Uitgebreide, ewenwigtige studie wat veral ingaan op die sosiale en politieke aspekte van die denke van Popper.</li> <li>Ter Hark, M. Popper, Otto Selz and the rise of evolutionary epistemology.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belangrikste_werke">Belangrikste werke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Belangrikste werke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Belangrikste werke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Logik der Forschung. Wene: Julius Springer Verlag, 1935.</li> <li>The Open Society and Its Enemies. 2 dln. Londen: Routledge, 1945.</li> <li>The Poverty of Historicism. 2e ed. Londen: Routledge, 1961.</li> <li>Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. Londen: Routledge, 1963.</li> <li>Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Popper&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/popper/">Karl Popper</a> van <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eeng.dcu.ie/%7Etkpw/">Die Karl Popper Web</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070809040930/http://www.eeng.dcu.ie/~tkpw/">Geargiveer</a> 9 Augustus 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a 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href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00189100?l=en">DA00189100</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118595830">118595830</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121428792">0000 0001 2142 8792</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80032184">n80032184</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000021949&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000021949</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/0861d863-db8e-4a3e-898b-79a83b951fda">0861d863-db8e-4a3e-898b-79a83b951fda</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathematics_Genealogy_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project (bladsy bestaan nie)">MGP</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=156913">156913</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00453131">00453131</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990006647&CON_LNG=ENG">jn19990006647</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35428688">35428688</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Greece">NLG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/Authority/Record?id=au.208021">208021</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000107070&local_base=nlx10">000107070</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Korea">NLK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nl.go.kr/authorities/resource/KAC199621977">KAC199621977</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="error">The NLP id a0000001183536 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000009732&local_base=nsk10">000009732</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Library_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Library of the Netherlands">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068322496">068322496</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RERO_(Library_Network_of_Western_Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000132260">02-A000132260</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Institute_for_Art_History#Online_artist_pages" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands Institute for Art History">RKD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/440784">440784</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="error">The SBN id CFIV030536 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/84532">84532</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6br8tcd">w6br8tcd</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027079430">027079430</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/949358">949358</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" title="Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500256162">500256162</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/88801921">88801921</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/88801921">88801921</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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