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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monoscope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monoscope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Monoscope</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monoscope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_numismatics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_numismatics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In numismatics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_numismatics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Test_card_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Test_card_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Test card music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Test_card_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_TV_test_cards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_TV_test_cards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>List of TV test cards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_TV_test_cards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="شاشة الاختبار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شاشة الاختبار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta_d%27ajust" title="Carta d'ajust – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carta d'ajust" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televizn%C3%AD_zku%C5%A1ebn%C3%AD_obrazec" title="Televizní zkušební obrazec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Televizní zkušební obrazec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B8vebillede" title="Prøvebillede – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Prøvebillede" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernsehtestbild" title="Fernsehtestbild – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fernsehtestbild" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta_de_ajuste" title="Carta de ajuste – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carta de ajuste" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mire_(t%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision)" title="Mire (télévision) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mire (télévision)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mira_de_axuste" title="Mira de axuste – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mira de axuste" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%ED%8C%A8%ED%84%B4" title="테스트 패턴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테스트 패턴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uji_coba_siaran" title="Uji coba siaran – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uji coba siaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoscopio" title="Monoscopio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monoscopio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="תבנית בדיקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תבנית בדיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televizijos_testin%C4%97_lentel%C4%97" title="Televizijos testinė lentelė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Televizijos testinė lentelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoszk%C3%B3p" title="Monoszkóp – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Monoszkóp" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kad_ujian_siaran" title="Kad ujian siaran – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kad ujian siaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testbeeld" title="Testbeeld – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Testbeeld" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%91%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3_(%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81)" title="テストパターン (放送) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テストパターン (放送)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B8vebilde" title="Prøvebilde – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Prøvebilde" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B8vebilete" title="Prøvebilete – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Prøvebilete" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plansza_testowa" title="Plansza testowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Plansza testowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir%C4%83_de_reglaj" title="Miră de reglaj – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Miră de reglaj" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Телевизионная испытательная таблица – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Телевизионная испытательная таблица" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoskop" title="Monoskop – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Monoskop" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%AFntrolny_uobroz" title="Kůntrolny uobroz – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kůntrolny uobroz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testikuva" title="Testikuva – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Testikuva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testbild" title="Testbild – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Testbild" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A" title="ภาพทดสอบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาพทดสอบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_sinyali" title="Test sinyali – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Test sinyali" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Телевізійна випробувальна таблиця – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Телевізійна випробувальна таблиця" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BB_th%E1%BB%AD_nghi%E1%BB%87m" title="Thẻ thử nghiệm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thẻ thử nghiệm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AC%E8%89%B2%E6%9D%BF" title="測色板 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="測色板" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AA%A2%E9%A9%97%E5%9C%96" title="檢驗圖 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="檢驗圖" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Test signal in television broadcasting</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Test pattern" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Test_Pattern_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Test Pattern (disambiguation)">Test Pattern (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SMPTE_Color_Bars.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/SMPTE_Color_Bars.svg/200px-SMPTE_Color_Bars.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/SMPTE_Color_Bars.svg/300px-SMPTE_Color_Bars.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/SMPTE_Color_Bars.svg/400px-SMPTE_Color_Bars.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="504" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/SMPTE_color_bars" title="SMPTE color bars">SMPTE color bars</a>: common <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a> test pattern</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philips_PM5544.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Philips_PM5544.svg/200px-Philips_PM5544.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Philips_PM5544.svg/300px-Philips_PM5544.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Philips_PM5544.svg/400px-Philips_PM5544.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Philips_PM5544" class="mw-redirect" title="Philips PM5544">PM5544</a>: common <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a> test pattern</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EBU_Colorbars.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/EBU_Colorbars.svg/200px-EBU_Colorbars.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/EBU_Colorbars.svg/300px-EBU_Colorbars.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/EBU_Colorbars.svg/400px-EBU_Colorbars.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/EBU_colour_bars" title="EBU colour bars">EBU colour bars</a> (4:3)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>A <b>test card</b>, also known as a <b>test pattern</b> or <b>start-up/closedown test</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> test signal, typically broadcast at times when the transmitter is active but no program is being broadcast (often at <a href="/wiki/Sign-on_and_sign-off" title="Sign-on and sign-off">sign-on and sign-off</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Used since the earliest TV broadcasts, test cards were originally physical cards at which a <a href="/wiki/Television_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Television camera">television camera</a> was pointed, allowing for simple adjustments of picture quality.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such cards are still often used for calibration, alignment, and matching of cameras and <a href="/wiki/Camcorder" title="Camcorder">camcorders</a>. From the 1950s, test card images were built into <a href="/wiki/Monoscope" title="Monoscope">monoscope</a> tubes which freed up the use of TV cameras which would otherwise have to be rotated to continuously broadcast physical test cards during downtime hours. </p><p>Electronically generated test patterns, used for calibrating or troubleshooting the downstream signal path, were introduced in the late-1960s, and became commonly used from the 1970s and 80s. These are generated by test <a href="/wiki/Signal_generator" title="Signal generator">signal generators</a>, which do not depend on the correct configuration (and presence) of a camera, and can also test for additional parameters such as correct color decoding, <a href="/wiki/Audio-to-video_synchronization" title="Audio-to-video synchronization">sync</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frames_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Frames per second">frames per second</a>, and frequency response.<sup id="cite_ref-claiborne_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-claiborne-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These patterns are specially tailored to be used in conjunction with devices such as a <a href="/wiki/Vectorscope" title="Vectorscope">vectorscope</a>, allowing precise adjustments of image equipment. </p><p>The audio broadcast while test cards are shown is typically a <a href="/wiki/Sine_wave" title="Sine wave">sine wave</a> tone, <a href="/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">radio</a> (if associated or affiliated with the television channel) or <a href="/wiki/Production_music" title="Production music">music</a> (usually <a href="/wiki/Instrumental_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrumental music">instrumental</a>, though some also broadcast with <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> or <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a>). </p><p>Digitally generated cards came later, associated with <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a>, and add a few features specific of digital signals, like checking for <a href="/wiki/Error_correction" class="mw-redirect" title="Error correction">error correction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chroma_subsampling" title="Chroma subsampling">chroma subsampling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Active_Format_Description" title="Active Format Description">aspect ratio signaling</a>, <a href="/wiki/5.1_surround_sound" title="5.1 surround sound">surround sound</a>, etc. More recently, the use of test cards has also expanded beyond television to other digital displays such as large <a href="/wiki/LED_display" title="LED display">LED walls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video_projector" title="Video projector">video projectors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-claiborne_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-claiborne-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_details">Technical details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Test_card&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Technical details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Test cards typically contain a set of patterns to enable television cameras and receivers to be adjusted to show the picture correctly (see <a href="/wiki/SMPTE_color_bars" title="SMPTE color bars">SMPTE color bars</a>). Most modern test cards include a set of calibrated color bars which will produce a characteristic pattern of "dot landings" on a <a href="/wiki/Vectorscope" title="Vectorscope">vectorscope</a>, allowing chroma and tint to be precisely adjusted between generations of videotape or network feeds. SMPTE bars—and several other test cards—include analog black (a flat waveform at 7.5 <a href="/wiki/IRE_(unit)" title="IRE (unit)">IRE</a>, or the <b>NTSC setup level</b>), full white (100 IRE), and a "sub-black", or "blacker-than-black" (at 0 IRE), which represents the lowest low-frequency transmission voltage permissible in NTSC broadcasts (though the negative excursions of the <a href="/wiki/Colorburst" title="Colorburst">colorburst</a> signal may go below 0 IRE). Between the color bars and proper adjustment of brightness and contrast controls to the limits of perception of the first sub-black bar, an analog receiver (or other equipment such as VTRs) can be adjusted to provide impressive fidelity. </p><p>Test cards have also been used to determine actual <a href="/wiki/Service_contour" title="Service contour">coverage contours</a> for new television broadcasting antennas and/or networks. In preparation for the new commercial <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> service in the 1950s, the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Authority" title="Independent Television Authority">Independent Television Authority</a> (ITA) tasked Belling & Lee, an <a href="/wiki/Enfield,_London" title="Enfield, London">Enfield</a>-based British electronics company best known for inventing the <a href="/wiki/Belling-Lee_connector" title="Belling-Lee connector">Belling-Lee connector</a> just over three decades earlier, with designing a series of Pilot Test Transmission test cards and slides<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> intended for potential viewers and <a href="/wiki/DXing" title="DXing">DX-enthusiasts</a> to test the ITA's new <a href="/wiki/Band_III" title="Band III">Band III</a> <a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a> transmitter network that was designed with the assistance of the <a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office" title="General Post Office">General Post Office</a> (GPO), then the UK's government-run <a href="/wiki/Postal,_telegraph_and_telephone_service" title="Postal, telegraph and telephone service">PTT agency</a>. These test cards, some featuring the <a href="/wiki/Call_signs_in_the_United_Kingdom#Call_sign_assignments_for_amateur_radio" title="Call signs in the United Kingdom">G9AED</a> call sign assigned by the GPO for said transmissions, featured a squiggly line in a circle in the middle of the test card with an on-screen line gauge indicated in <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">miles</a> which was used as a guide to reveal the distance between the receiver, the (temporary) transmitter and a replicating landscape feature causing <a href="/wiki/Ghosting_(television)" title="Ghosting (television)">ghosting</a>. Said test cards were mainly transmitted from temporary mobile transmitters attached to <a href="/wiki/Caravan_(trailer)" title="Caravan (trailer)">caravan trailers</a> based at the predicted locations of the ITA's eventual main transmitters, such as <a href="/wiki/Croydon_transmitting_station" title="Croydon transmitting station">Croydon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_transmitting_station" title="Lichfield transmitting station">Lichfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emley_Moor_transmitting_station" title="Emley Moor transmitting station">Emley Moor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winter_Hill_transmitting_station" title="Winter Hill transmitting station">Winter Hill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost a decade later, the BBC started using a modified SMPTE monochrome test card radiating from the <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_transmitting_station" title="Crystal Palace transmitting station">Crystal Palace transmitter</a> to test its new <a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a> network which it eventually launched as <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a> in 1964. </p><p>Test cards are also used in the broader context of video displays for concerts and live events. There are a variety of different test patterns, each testing a specific technical parameter: gradient monotone bars for testing brightness and color; a crosshatch pattern for <a href="/wiki/Display_aspect_ratio" title="Display aspect ratio">aspect ratio</a>, alignment, focus, and convergence; and a single-pixel border for <a href="/wiki/Overscan" title="Overscan">over-scanning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Display_resolution" title="Display resolution">dimensions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-claiborne_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-claiborne-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Test_card&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Head_Test_Pattern_with_Labels.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Indian_Head_Test_Pattern_with_Labels.png/290px-Indian_Head_Test_Pattern_with_Labels.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Indian_Head_Test_Pattern_with_Labels.png/435px-Indian_Head_Test_Pattern_with_Labels.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Indian_Head_Test_Pattern_with_Labels.png/580px-Indian_Head_Test_Pattern_with_Labels.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The famous RCA <a href="/wiki/Indian-head_test_pattern" title="Indian-head test pattern">Indian-head test pattern</a> used mainly in North America from 1940 to the 1970s with its elements labelled, describing the use of each element in aligning a black & white analog TV receiver.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RTF_Test_card_819-lines_1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/RTF_Test_card_819-lines_1953.jpg/220px-RTF_Test_card_819-lines_1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/RTF_Test_card_819-lines_1953.jpg/330px-RTF_Test_card_819-lines_1953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ac/RTF_Test_card_819-lines_1953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>First <a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française">RTF</a> test card (1953) for the French <a href="/wiki/819_line" title="819 line">819-line</a> TV system. Also used in <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a>, with modifications also used by <a href="/wiki/TMC_(TV_channel)" title="TMC (TV channel)">TMC</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Telesaar" title="Telesaar">Telesaar</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate" title="Saar Protectorate">Saar Protectorate</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">TVN</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SW_Testbild_auf_Philips_TD1410U.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/SW_Testbild_auf_Philips_TD1410U.jpg/220px-SW_Testbild_auf_Philips_TD1410U.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/SW_Testbild_auf_Philips_TD1410U.jpg/330px-SW_Testbild_auf_Philips_TD1410U.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/SW_Testbild_auf_Philips_TD1410U.jpg/440px-SW_Testbild_auf_Philips_TD1410U.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1038" data-file-height="1188" /></a><figcaption>A 1952 Philips TD1410U television set showing the optical monochrome <a href="/wiki/Telefunken_T05" class="mw-redirect" title="Telefunken T05">Telefunken T05</a> test card.</figcaption></figure> <p>Test cards are as old as TV broadcasts, with documented use by the BBC in the United Kingdom in its early <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_television" title="Mechanical television">30-line mechanical</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">Baird</a> transmissions from 1934 and later on as simplified "tuning signals" shown before <a href="/wiki/Sign-on_and_sign-off" title="Sign-on and sign-off">startup</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as in <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">Occupied France</a> during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They evolved to include gratings for resolution testing, grids to assist with picture geometry adjustments, and grayscale for brightness and contrast adjustments. For example, all these elements can be seen in a <a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française">Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française</a> <a href="/wiki/819_line" title="819 line">819-line</a> test card introduced in 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In North America, most test cards such as the famous <a href="/wiki/Indian-head_test_pattern" title="Indian-head test pattern">Indian-head test pattern</a> of the 1950s and 1960s have long since been relegated to history. The <a href="/wiki/SMPTE_color_bars" title="SMPTE color bars">SMPTE color bars</a> occasionally turn up, but with most North American broadcasters now following a 24-hour schedule, these too have become a rare sight. </p><p>With the introduction of color TV, electronically generated test cards were introduced. They are named after their generating equipment (ex: <a href="/wiki/Grundig" title="Grundig">Grundig</a> VG1000,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philips_PM5544" class="mw-redirect" title="Philips PM5544">Philips PM5544</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Telefunken_FuBK" title="Telefunken FuBK">Telefunken FuBK</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> etc.), TV station (ex: <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards" title="List of BBC test cards">BBC test card</a>) or organization (ex: <a href="/wiki/SMPTE_color_bars" title="SMPTE color bars">SMPTE color bars</a>, <a href="/wiki/EBU_colour_bars" title="EBU colour bars">EBU colour bars</a>). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed countries</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the financial imperatives of commercial television broadcasting mean that air-time is now typically filled with programmes and commercials (such as <a href="/wiki/Infomercial" title="Infomercial">infomercials</a>) 24 hours a day, and non-commercial broadcasters have to match this. </p><p>A late test card design, introduced in 2005 and fully adapted for HD, SD, 16:9 and 4:3 broadcasts, is defined on ITU-R Rec. BT.1729.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It offers markings specificity design to test format conversions, chroma sampling, etc. </p><p>Formerly a common sight, test cards are now only rarely seen outside of television studios, post-production, and distribution facilities. In particular, they are no longer intended to assist viewers in calibration of television sets. Several factors have led to their demise for this purpose: </p> <ul><li>Modern <a href="/wiki/Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">microcontroller</a>-controlled analogue televisions rarely if ever need adjustment, so test cards are much less important than previously. Likewise, modern cameras and camcorders seldom need adjustment for technical accuracy, though they are often adjusted to compensate for scene light levels, and for various artistic effects.</li> <li>Use of digital interconnect standards, such as <a href="/wiki/CCIR_601" class="mw-redirect" title="CCIR 601">CCIR 601</a> and <a href="/wiki/SMPTE_292M" class="mw-redirect" title="SMPTE 292M">SMPTE 292M</a>, which operate without the non-linearities and other issues inherent to analog broadcasting, do not introduce color shifts or brightness changes; thus the requirement to detect and compensate for them using this reference signal has been virtually eliminated. (Compare with the obsolescence of <a href="/wiki/Stroboscope" title="Stroboscope">stroboscopes</a> as used to adjust the speed of record players.) On the other hand, digital test signal generators do include test signals which are intended to stress the digital interface, and many sophisticated generators allow the insertion of <a href="/wiki/Jitter" title="Jitter">jitter</a>, bit errors, and other pathological conditions that can cause a digital interface to fail.</li> <li>Likewise, use of digital broadcasting standards, such as <a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a> and <a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a>, eliminates the issues introduced by modulation and demodulation of analog signals.</li> <li>Test cards including large circles were used to confirm the linearity of the set's deflection systems. As solid-state components replaced <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">vacuum tubes</a> in receiver deflection circuits, linearity adjustments were less frequently required (few newer sets have user-adjustable "VERT SIZE" and "VERT LIN" controls, for example). In LCD and other deflectionless displays, the linearity is a function of the display panel's manufacturing quality; for the display to work, the tolerances will already be far tighter than human perception.</li></ul> <p>For custom-designed video installations, such as <a href="/wiki/LED_displays" class="mw-redirect" title="LED displays">LED displays</a> in buildings or at live events, some test images are custom-made to fit the specific size and shape of the setup in question. These custom test images can also be an opportunity for the technicians to hide inside jokes for the crew to see while installing equipment for a show.<sup id="cite_ref-claiborne_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-claiborne-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monoscope">Monoscope</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Test_card&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Monoscope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Monoscope" title="Monoscope">Monoscope</a></div> <p>Rather than physical test cards, which had to be televised using a camera, television stations often used a special purpose camera tube which had the test pattern painted on the inside screen of the tube. Each tube was only capable of generating the one test image, hence it was called a <a href="/wiki/Monoscope" title="Monoscope">monoscope</a>. </p><p>Monoscopes were similar in construction to an ordinary <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tube</a> (CRT), only instead of displaying an image on its screen it scanned a built-in image. The monoscope contained a formed metal target in place of the phosphor coating at its "screen" end and as the electron beam scanned the target, rather than displaying an image, a varying electrical signal was produced generating a video signal from the etched pattern. Monoscope tubes had the advantage over test cards that a full TV camera was not needed, and the image was always properly framed and in focus. They fell out of use after the 1960s as they were not able to produce color images. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monoscope.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A monoscope."><img alt="A monoscope." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Monoscope.jpg/200px-Monoscope.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Monoscope.jpg/300px-Monoscope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Monoscope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Monoscope" title="Monoscope">monoscope</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MonoscopeCU.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Close-up of the test-card image from a monoscope"><img alt="Close-up of the test-card image from a monoscope" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MonoscopeCU.jpg/200px-MonoscopeCU.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MonoscopeCU.jpg/300px-MonoscopeCU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/MonoscopeCU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Close-up of the test-card image from a monoscope</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Test_card&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TwibrightLinksTestCard.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/TwibrightLinksTestCard.png/220px-TwibrightLinksTestCard.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/TwibrightLinksTestCard.png/330px-TwibrightLinksTestCard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/TwibrightLinksTestCard.png/440px-TwibrightLinksTestCard.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The test card bundled with the <a href="/wiki/Links_(web_browser)" title="Links (web browser)">Links web browser</a> since 2001</figcaption></figure> <p>A lesser-known kind of test pattern is used for the calibration of <a href="/wiki/Photocopier" title="Photocopier">photocopiers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Photocopier test patterns are physical sheets that are photocopied, with the difference in the resulting photocopy revealing any tell-tale deviations or defects in the machine's ability to copy. </p><p>There are also test patterns kits and software developed specifically for many consumer electronics. The B&K Television Analyst was developed in the 1960s for testing monochrome TV sets in the NTSC standard and was later modified for European and Australian PAL standards. Among other uses, it consisted of a flying spot scanner on which a test pattern printed on a cellulose acetate slide was shown.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">CRT monitors</a> were still commonly used on <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a>, specific test patterns were created for proper calibration of such monitors in the cases whereby multimedia images could not be shown properly on said monitors.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Video_CD" title="Video CD">VCD</a> and <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> lens cleaner discs, such as the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyowasonic.com">Kyowa Sonic</a> lens cleaning kits from 1997–2001, also included test patterns as well.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recent examples include the <a href="/wiki/THX" title="THX">THX</a> Optimizer which can be accessed in the setup menu in almost every THX-certified DVD,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as well as the "HDR sRGB Graphics Test (400 nits)" and "Test Patterns" series available on <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meant to test out streaming bandwidth on Internet-enabled devices,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially on widescreen <a href="/wiki/Smart_TV" title="Smart TV">smart</a> <a href="/wiki/High-dynamic-range_television" title="High-dynamic-range television">HDR</a> TVs, <a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K</a> and <a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">8K</a> displays and also used to sync audio and video feeds, which can be affected, among other factors, by Bluetooth and Internet latency.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Test patterns are also used to calibrate <a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television_camera" title="Closed-circuit television camera">CCTV cameras</a> and monitors,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">medical imaging</a> displays and equipment for <a href="/wiki/Telehealth" title="Telehealth">telemedicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">diagnostic</a> purposes,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a> RP-133 medical diagnostic imaging test pattern specification for medical and surgical displays, created around 1983<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–86;<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1001_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1001-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a later derivative called the TG18-QC test pattern created by the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Physicists_in_Medicine" title="American Association of Physicists in Medicine">AAPM</a> in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Test patterns to calibrate <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a> <a href="/wiki/X-ray_machine" title="X-ray machine">machines</a>, in particular those manufactured by Leeds Test Objects in England, also exist as well.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_numismatics">In numismatics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Test_card&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In numismatics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Television has had such an impact in today's life that it has been the main motif for numerous collectors' coins and medals. One of the most recent examples is <a href="/wiki/Euro_gold_and_silver_commemorative_coins_(Austria)#2005_coinage" title="Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Austria)">The 50 Years of Television commemorative coin</a> minted on 9 March 2005, in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>. The obverse of the coin shows the centre portion of the <a href="/wiki/Telefunken_T05" class="mw-redirect" title="Telefunken T05">Telefunken T05</a> test card, while the reverse shows several milestones in the history of television.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Test_card&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Philips_PM5544" class="mw-redirect" title="Philips PM5544">Philips Pattern</a> is widely recognised as one of the iconic popular culture symbols of the 1980s and 1990s. Numerous novelty and collectible items has been patterned after the famous test card, including wall clocks, bedsheets, wristwatches, and clothing. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_F" title="Test Card F">BBC Test Card F</a> features throughout 2006-07 TV sci-fi detective series <i><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Mars_(British_TV_series)" title="Life on Mars (British TV series)">Life on Mars</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-clues_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clues-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Test_card_music">Test card music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Test_card&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Test card music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Britain, music rather than radio sound was usually played with the test card. The music played by the BBC, and afterwards <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Library_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Library music">library music</a>, which was licensed on more favourable terms for frequent use than commercially available alternatives.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> used UK library LPs from publishers like <a href="/wiki/EMI_Production_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="EMI Production Music">KPM</a>, Joseph Weinberger and Ready Music.<sup id="cite_ref-doll_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doll-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until September 1955, the BBC used live playing 78 RPM commercial records as an audio background to the test cards. After that date, they switched to using recorded music on tape.<sup id="cite_ref-rob_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, the BBC began to build up its own library of specially produced music for the half hour tapes – initially three tunes in similar style, followed by an identification sign (the three notes B-B-C played on <a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a>). <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="ITV (TV channel)">ITV</a> (which began its first trade transmissions in 1957) continued to use commercially available recordings until the late 1960s, when it also began to make specially produced tapes.<sup id="cite_ref-rob_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For rights reasons, much of the music was recorded by light music orchestras in France and Germany, though sometimes by British musicians, or top international session players using pseudonyms, such as The Oscar Brandenburg Orchestra (an amalgamation of <a href="/wiki/Neil_Richardson_(composer)" title="Neil Richardson (composer)">Neil Richardson</a>, Alan Moorhouse and <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Pearson" title="Johnny Pearson">Johnny Pearson</a>) or the Stuttgart Studio Orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other composers and bandleaders commissioned for this type of work included <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Langford" title="Gordon Langford">Gordon Langford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Tomlinson" title="Ernest Tomlinson">Ernest Tomlinson</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Roger" title="Roger Roger">Roger Roger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Kiessling" title="Heinz Kiessling">Heinz Kiessling</a>, Werner Tautz, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Chacksfield" title="Frank Chacksfield">Frank Chacksfield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syd_Dale" title="Syd Dale">Syd Dale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1980s, the test card was gradually seen less and less - it was pushed out first by <a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a> pages, then extended programme hours. The same tapes were used to accompany both the test card and <a href="/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax">Ceefax</a> on BBC channels, but some fans argue that new tapes introduced after Ceefax became the norm in 1983 were less musically interesting.<sup id="cite_ref-rob_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_TV_test_cards">List of TV test cards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Test_card&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: List of TV test cards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F007447-0011,_N%C3%BCrnberg,_Firma_Grundig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F007447-0011%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Firma_Grundig.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F007447-0011%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Firma_Grundig.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F007447-0011%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Firma_Grundig.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F007447-0011%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Firma_Grundig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F007447-0011%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Firma_Grundig.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F007447-0011%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Firma_Grundig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>A newly built television set undergoing image calibration using a test card at a <a href="/wiki/Grundig" title="Grundig">Grundig</a> factory in Nuremberg, West Germany (December 1959)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illuminated_test_pattern_at_the_Early_Television_Museum_June_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Illuminated_test_pattern_at_the_Early_Television_Museum_June_2022.jpg/220px-Illuminated_test_pattern_at_the_Early_Television_Museum_June_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Illuminated_test_pattern_at_the_Early_Television_Museum_June_2022.jpg/330px-Illuminated_test_pattern_at_the_Early_Television_Museum_June_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Illuminated_test_pattern_at_the_Early_Television_Museum_June_2022.jpg/440px-Illuminated_test_pattern_at_the_Early_Television_Museum_June_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A 1940s-style "bullseye" test pattern exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/Early_Television_Museum" title="Early Television Museum">Early Television Museum</a> in Hilliard, Ohio (June 2022)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards" title="List of BBC test cards">BBC Tuning Signals and Test Cards</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_A" title="List of BBC test cards">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_B" title="List of BBC test cards">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_C" title="List of BBC test cards">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_D" title="List of BBC test cards">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_E_(later_Test_Card_C)" title="List of BBC test cards">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_F" title="Test Card F">F</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_G" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Card G">G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_H" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Card H">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_J" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Card J">J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_W" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Card W">W</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Card X">X</a> (1934–2006, <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_television" title="Mechanical television">Mechanical 30- and 240-lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monochrome" title="Monochrome">Monochrome</a>, PAL, SDTV, HDTV, <a href="/wiki/405-line_television_system" title="405-line television system">405</a>- and <a href="/wiki/625_lines" title="625 lines">625-lines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Victor">RCA Victor</a> monochrome test pattern (with RCA logos and <a href="/wiki/Nipper" title="Nipper">Nipper the dog</a> illustrations at corners; c. 1933/34<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–1937,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/343-line_television_system" title="343-line television system">343-lines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a>/<a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> monochrome test patterns #1 and #2 (1938<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–39,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/441-line_television_system" title="441-line television system">441-lines</a>)</li> <li>RCA <a href="/wiki/Indian-head_test_pattern" title="Indian-head test pattern">Indian-head test pattern</a> (1939, <a href="/wiki/525_lines" title="525 lines">525-lines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>/<a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Crosley_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Crosley Broadcasting Corporation">Crosley-Avco</a>/<a href="/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network">DuMont</a>/NBC monochrome "bullseye" test patterns (c. 1939–47,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 525-lines)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Industries_Alliance" title="Electronic Industries Alliance">RMA</a> 1946 resolution chart (1946, 525- and 625-lines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Company" title="Marconi Company">Marconi</a> Resolution Chart No. 1<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/<a href="/wiki/Teledyne_e2v" title="Teledyne e2v">English Electric Valve Company</a> Test Chart<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (c. 1947/c. 1970, 525- and 625-lines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Tv.resolution.chart.0249.svg" title="File:Tv.resolution.chart.0249.svg">ТИТ-0249</a>, ИТ-72<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and таблица 0286<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> monochrome test cards (1949, c. 1975–78, c. 1990–92, used in <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and Russia)</li> <li>DuMont Industrial Color Television test pattern (1950, experimentally shown on KE2XDR)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>DFF (<a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Fernsehfunk" title="Deutscher Fernsehfunk">Deutscher Fernsehfunk</a>) monochrome (<a href="/wiki/File:DFF_Q1_TB.jpg" title="File:DFF Q1 TB.jpg">Q1/QI1</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Test nr. 04, <a href="/wiki/File:DFFMonochrome.jpg" title="File:DFFMonochrome.jpg">modified EBU monochrome</a>) and colour (<a href="/wiki/File:DFFColour.jpg" title="File:DFFColour.jpg">modified HTV TR.0782</a>) test patterns (1952–1991, SECAM, used in <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française "<a href="/wiki/Marly_Horses" title="Marly Horses">Marly Horses</a>" test card (1953, <a href="/wiki/819_line" title="819 line">819-lines</a>)</li> <li>ТИТ-0154 colour test card (1954, abandoned prototype Soviet Union NIIR/SECAM IV system)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Authority" title="Independent Television Authority">ITA</a>/<a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office" title="General Post Office">GPO</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belling_%26_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belling & Lee (page does not exist)">Belling & Lee</a> <a href="/wiki/Call_signs_in_the_United_Kingdom#Call_sign_assignments_for_amateur_radio" title="Call signs in the United Kingdom">G9AED</a> Pilot Test Transmission test cards (1955–56, 405-lines)<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated-Rediffusion" title="Associated-Rediffusion">Associated-Rediffusion</a>–Marconi "diamond" monochrome test card versions 1, 2 and 3<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1955–1958, 625-lines; Version 1 also used by <a href="/wiki/Rediffusion_Television" title="Rediffusion Television">RTV</a> in <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television_Malta" title="Television Malta">TVM</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Crown Colony of Malta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Television_Authority" title="Nigerian Television Authority">WNTV</a> in the western part of <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Nigeria" title="Colonial Nigeria">Colonial Nigeria</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIA_1956_resolution_chart" title="EIA 1956 resolution chart">EIA 1956 resolution chart</a> (1956, 525- and 625-lines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkerboard" title="Checkerboard">Chequerboard</a> optical<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and electronic "<a href="/wiki/Tea_towel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tea towel">tea towel</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> test cards (1950s/60s, monochrome, 625-lines, used in varying forms in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, Italy, Netherlands, Soviet Union, Portugal and Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a> optical monochrome test card (1950s?, 525-lines; 1962–1964,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 625-lines)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> <a href="/wiki/File:NTV7_Testpattern.png" title="File:NTV7 Testpattern.png">PM 5522</a>, 5534,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PM 5538, <a href="/wiki/Philips_PM5540" title="Philips PM5540">PM 5540</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PM 5543, <a href="/wiki/Philips_PM5544" class="mw-redirect" title="Philips PM5544">PM 5544</a>, PM 5552,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PM 5634, <a href="/wiki/PM5644" class="mw-redirect" title="PM5644">PM 5644</a> (1960s, 525- and 625-lines, PAL, <a href="/wiki/PALplus" title="PALplus">PALplus</a>, SECAM, NTSC), see <a href="/wiki/Philips_circle_pattern" title="Philips circle pattern">Philips circle pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefunken_T05" class="mw-redirect" title="Telefunken T05">Telefunken T 05</a> (early-1960s, 625-lines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:EBU_B%26W_Test_Card.JPG" title="File:EBU B&W Test Card.JPG">EBU electronic monochrome test pattern</a> (1960s?, 625-lines)</li> <li>CBS/NBC color "bullseye" test patterns (c. 1964/65–early-1990s, NTSC)<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefunken_FuBK" title="Telefunken FuBK">Telefunken FuBK</a> (late-1960s, PAL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UEIT_-_Universal_Electronic_Test_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UEIT - Universal Electronic Test Chart">UEIT - Universal Electronic Test Chart</a> (1970, SECAM)</li> <li>HTV TR.0782 test card (1970s, SECAM, used in Hungary, Poland, East Germany and Romania)<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>EZO test card (1971, PAL, used in <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic">Estonian SSR</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Television" title="Bulgarian National Television">BNT</a> electronic test card (1972, SECAM, used in Bulgaria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVE_test_card" title="TVE test card">TVE colour test card</a> (1975, PAL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMPTE_color_bars" title="SMPTE color bars">SMPTE color bars</a> (1977, NTSC, HDTV, SDTV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBU_colour_bars" title="EBU colour bars">EBU colour bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETP-1" title="ETP-1">Electronic Test Pattern 1</a> (1979, PAL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundig" title="Grundig">Grundig</a> VG 1001 (1980, PAL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Toolcraft-Goodwood.jpg" title="File:Toolcraft-Goodwood.jpg">Toolcraft-Goodwood colour test card</a> (c. 1980s–2000s?, PAL, used on various Australian commercial TV stations)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Central_Television" title="Korean Central Television">KCTV</a> colour test cards (1970s?, mid-1990s, 2017, SECAM then PAL, used in <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snell_%26_Wilcox_Zone_Plate" title="Snell & Wilcox Zone Plate">Snell & Wilcox SW2</a> (1990s, TPG20/21 Test Pattern Generators) and <a href="/wiki/Snell_%26_Wilcox_Zone_Plate" title="Snell & Wilcox Zone Plate">SW4 "Zone Plate"</a> (2000s, NTSC, PAL, SDTV)<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_HDTV_test_card.png" title="File:Chinese HDTV test card.png">GY/T 254-2011 test card</a> (2011, HDTV, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a>, used in Mainland China)<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Test_card&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/32px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/48px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/64px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Television" title="Portal:Television">Television portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_only_mode" title="Blue only mode">Blue only mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Girl_(filmmaking)" title="China Girl (filmmaking)">China Girl (filmmaking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_chart" title="Color chart">Colour chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards" title="List of BBC test cards">List of BBC test cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_Card_F" title="Test Card F">Test Card F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webdriver_Torso" title="Webdriver Torso">Webdriver Torso</a>, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> account used for automated performance testing</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Test_card&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.testcardcircle.org.uk/tchistory.html">"TCC - A Very Concise History of Test Cards"</a>. <i>www.testcardcircle.org.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.testcardcircle.org.uk&rft.atitle=TCC+-+A+Very+Concise+History+of+Test+Cards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.testcardcircle.org.uk%2Ftchistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/test-card">"TEST CARD | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TEST+CARD+%26%23124%3B+English+meaning+-+Cambridge+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Ftest-card&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-claiborne-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-claiborne_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-claiborne_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-claiborne_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-claiborne_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaiborne2019" class="citation web cs1">Claiborne, Vickie (9 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plsn.com/articles/video-digerati/video-testing-images/">"Video Testing Images"</a>. <i>PLSN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PLSN&rft.atitle=Video+Testing+Images&rft.date=2019-11-09&rft.aulast=Claiborne&rft.aufirst=Vickie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplsn.com%2Farticles%2Fvideo-digerati%2Fvideo-testing-images%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6pq7XycgGw">"1950s-60s ITA Test Card with Music"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 7 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=1950s-60s+ITA+Test+Card+with+Music&rft.date=2023-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DP6pq7XycgGw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://transdiffusion.org/2021/05/10/to-the-north/">"To the North"</a>.</cite><span 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forum.retrotechnique.org/t/mires-tv-francaises-anciennes/81275?page=2">"Mires TV françaises anciennes"</a>. 5 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mires+TV+fran%C3%A7aises+anciennes&rft.date=2019-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforum.retrotechnique.org%2Ft%2Fmires-tv-francaises-anciennes%2F81275%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://saar-nostalgie.de/Telesaar.htm">"Telesaar"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telesaar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsaar-nostalgie.de%2FTelesaar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-UK/Technology/Technology-All-Eras/Archive-Practical-Television-IDX/70s/Television-Servicing-UK-1974-02-OCR-Page-0033.pdf">"Pirate TV"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.worldradiohistory.com</i>.</cite><span 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Newly established 441-line system (up from the 343-lines of 1936)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RCA+%2F+NBC+test+pattern+%231+-+Newly+established+441-line+system+%28up+from+the+343-lines+of+1936%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvhistory.tv%2F1938-July-ELECTRONICS-Test-Pattern.JPG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://davidsarnoff.tcnj.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/S.371_TCNJ_2.jpg">"TCNJ2 – An NBC test card in a monoscope (S.371) allowed stations to broadcast a test pattern without tying up another camera. From: "Item of the Week: Indian-Head Test Card | the Sarnoff Collection"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TCNJ2+%E2%80%93+An+NBC+test+card+in+a+monoscope+%28S.371%29+allowed+stations+to+broadcast+a+test+pattern+without+tying+up+another+camera.+From%3A+%22Item+of+the+Week%3A+Indian-Head+Test+Card+%26%23124%3B+the+Sarnoff+Collection%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdavidsarnoff.tcnj.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F26%2F2017%2F06%2FS.371_TCNJ_2.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvhistory.tv/1938-RCA-Test-Pattern.jpg">"1938 December - RCA / NBC Test Pattern #2"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1938+December+-+RCA+%2F+NBC+Test+Pattern+%232&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvhistory.tv%2F1938-RCA-Test-Pattern.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meldrum.co.uk/mhp/testcard/around_world.html">"Television Graphics Around the World"</a>. <i>www.meldrum.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.meldrum.co.uk&rft.atitle=Television+Graphics+Around+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meldrum.co.uk%2Fmhp%2Ftestcard%2Faround_world.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.videokarma.org/showthread.php?t=252977">"Test pattern? - Videokarma.org TV - Video - Vintage Television & Radio Forums"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Test+pattern%3F+-+Videokarma.org+TV+-+Video+-+Vintage+Television+%26+Radio+Forums&rft.pub=Videokarma.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.videokarma.org%2Fshowthread.php%3Ft%3D252977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marconiintelevision.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/84534910/Test%20Charts%20-%201962.pdf">"Test Charts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>marconiintelevision.pbworks.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=marconiintelevision.pbworks.com&rft.atitle=Test+Charts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarconiintelevision.pbworks.com%2Fw%2Ffile%2Ffetch%2F84534910%2FTest%2520Charts%2520-%25201962.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polyu.edu.hk/proj/gef/index.php/glossary/marconi-resolution-chart/">"Marconi Resolution Chart – Geospatial Education Platform"</a>. 17 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marconi+Resolution+Chart+%E2%80%93+Geospatial+Education+Platform&rft.date=2016-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polyu.edu.hk%2Fproj%2Fgef%2Findex.php%2Fglossary%2Fmarconi-resolution-chart%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.devb.gov.hk/filemanager/en/content_29/CoP_MMW.pdf">"Code of practice on monitoring and maintenance of water-carrying services affecting slopes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.devb.gov.hk</i>. 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Общие технические условия"</a>. <i>engenegr.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=engenegr.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2+20466-75+-+%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%98%D0%A2-72.+%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B.+%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fengenegr.ru%2Fgost-20466-75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://allgosts.ru/33/160/gost_28459-90">"ГОСТ 28459-90 Таблица телевизионная испытательная универсальная 0286. 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August 11, 2012 – via Flickr.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Czechoslovakia&rft.date=2012-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Ftim_anderson%2F16451478929%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8-2h4UQYXk">"CST EZO TEST PATTERN"</a>. 8 March 2009 – via www.youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CST+EZO+TEST+PATTERN&rft.date=2009-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dv8-2h4UQYXk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-j1LOdiUuY">"MTN9 Griffith sign-off 1986"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 23 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=MTN9+Griffith+sign-off+1986&rft.date=2009-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DP-j1LOdiUuY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/138429075@N08/23825585754/">"KCTV screencap"</a>. January 17, 2016 – via Flickr.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KCTV+screencap&rft.date=2016-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F138429075%40N08%2F23825585754%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YB3LY0y-Row">"DPRK TV - Test Card"</a>. 18 March 2010 – via www.youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DPRK+TV+-+Test+Card&rft.date=2010-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DYB3LY0y-Row&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwwapps.grassvalley.com/docs/Manuals/sam/conversion_restoration/Supervisor_Operation.pdf"><i>SuperVisor Multi-Standard Display Processor Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Snell & Wilcox. 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SuperVisor+Multi-Standard+Display+Processor+Manual&rft.pub=Snell+%26+Wilcox&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwwwapps.grassvalley.com%2Fdocs%2FManuals%2Fsam%2Fconversion_restoration%2FSupervisor_Operation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/26361361/the-snell-wilcox-test-chart-2-what-is-it-the-snell-wilcox-2-is-">"The Snell & Wilcox Test Chart #2 What is it?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Snell+%26+Wilcox+Test+Chart+%232+What+is+it%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yumpu.com%2Fen%2Fdocument%2Fread%2F26361361%2Fthe-snell-wilcox-test-chart-2-what-is-it-the-snell-wilcox-2-is-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATest+card" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220925081722/https://www.cstandard.com/guangbodianyingdianshixingyebiaozhun/24932.html">"GY/T 254-2011 高清晰度电视测试图-标准网"</a>. Cstandard.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cstandard.com/guangbodianyingdianshixingyebiaozhun/24932.html">the original</a> on 2022-09-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Pangram">Pangram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_implementation" title="Reference implementation">Reference implementation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanity_check" title="Sanity check">Sanity check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_test_image" title="Standard test image">Standard test image</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_room" title="Chinese room">Chinese room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turing_test" title="Turing test">Turing test</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">test card</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SMPTE_color_bars" title="SMPTE color bars">SMPTE color bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBU_colour_bars" title="EBU colour bars">EBU colour bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian-head_test_pattern" title="Indian-head test pattern">Indian-head test pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIA_1956_resolution_chart" title="EIA 1956 resolution chart">EIA 1956 resolution chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards" title="List of BBC test cards">BBC Test Card</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_A" title="List of BBC test cards">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_B" title="List of BBC test cards">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_C" title="List of BBC test cards">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_D" title="List of BBC test cards">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_E_(later_Test_Card_C)" title="List of BBC test cards">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_F" title="Test Card F">F</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_G" title="List of BBC test cards">G</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_H" title="List of BBC test cards">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_J" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Card J">J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_W" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Card W">W</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Card X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETP-1" title="ETP-1">ETP-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philips_circle_pattern" title="Philips circle pattern">Philips circle pattern</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philips_circle_pattern#PM5534" title="Philips circle pattern">PM 5538</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philips_PM5540" title="Philips PM5540">PM 5540</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philips_circle_pattern#PM5544" title="Philips circle pattern">PM 5544</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philips_circle_pattern#PM5644" title="Philips circle pattern">PM 5644</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snell_%26_Wilcox_Zone_Plate" title="Snell & Wilcox Zone Plate">Snell & Wilcox SW2/SW4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefunken_FuBK" title="Telefunken FuBK">Telefunken FuBK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVE_test_card" title="TVE test card">TVE test card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Electronic_Test_Chart" title="Universal Electronic Test Chart">UEIT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_language" title="Computer language">Computer languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%22Hello,_World!%22_program" title=""Hello, World!" program">"Hello, World!" program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quine_(computing)" title="Quine (computing)">Quine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TPK_algorithm" title="TPK algorithm">Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_or_boy_test" title="Man or boy test">Man or boy test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_another_Perl_hacker" class="mw-redirect" title="Just another Perl hacker">Just another Perl hacker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calgary_corpus" title="Calgary corpus">Calgary corpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_corpus" title="Canterbury corpus">Canterbury corpus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silesia_corpus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silesia corpus (page does not exist)">Silesia corpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutter_Prize" title="Hutter Prize">enwik8, enwik9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D computer graphics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_box" title="Cornell box">Cornell box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_bunny" title="Stanford bunny">Stanford bunny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_dragon" title="Stanford dragon">Stanford dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_teapot" title="Utah teapot">Utah teapot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_common_3D_test_models" title="List of common 3D test models">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">Machine learning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ImageNet" title="ImageNet">ImageNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MNIST_database" title="MNIST database">MNIST database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_datasets_for_machine-learning_research" title="List of datasets for machine-learning research">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a> (<a href="/wiki/Filler_text" title="Filler text">filler text</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etaoin_shrdlu" title="Etaoin shrdlu">Etaoin shrdlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburgevons" title="Hamburgevons">Hamburgevons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum">Lorem ipsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_quick_brown_fox_jumps_over_the_lazy_dog" title="The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog">The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3DBenchy" title="3DBenchy">3DBenchy</a></li> <li>Acid <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid1" title="Acid1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid2" title="Acid2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid3" title="Acid3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Apple!!#Use_as_a_graphical_and_audio_test" title="Bad Apple!!">"Bad Apple!!"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EICAR_test_file" title="EICAR test file">EICAR test file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_functions_for_optimization" title="Test functions for optimization">functions for optimization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTUBE" title="GTUBE">GTUBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_sentences" title="Harvard sentences">Harvard sentences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenna" title="Lenna">Lenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_North_Wind_and_the_Sun#Use_in_phonetic_demonstrations" title="The North Wind and the Sun">"The North Wind and the Sun"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%27s_Diner#The_"Mother_of_the_MP3"" title="Tom's Diner">"Tom's Diner"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_leader" title="Film leader">SMPTE universal leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EURion_constellation" title="EURion constellation">EURion constellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakedown_(testing)" title="Shakedown (testing)">Shakedown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webdriver_Torso" title="Webdriver Torso">Webdriver Torso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_USAF_resolution_test_chart" title="1951 USAF resolution test chart">1951 USAF resolution test chart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks 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