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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Random_jitter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Random_jitter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Random jitter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Random_jitter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deterministic_jitter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deterministic_jitter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Deterministic jitter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deterministic_jitter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Total_jitter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Total_jitter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Total jitter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Total_jitter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sampling_jitter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sampling_jitter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sampling jitter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sampling_jitter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Packet_jitter_in_computer_networks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Packet_jitter_in_computer_networks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Packet jitter in computer networks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Packet_jitter_in_computer_networks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_and_image_jitter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_and_image_jitter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Video and image jitter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_and_image_jitter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Testing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mitigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mitigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mitigation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mitigation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mitigation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mitigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-jitter_circuits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-jitter_circuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Anti-jitter circuits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-jitter_circuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jitter_buffers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jitter_buffers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Jitter buffers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jitter_buffers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dejitterizer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dejitterizer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Dejitterizer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dejitterizer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filtering_and_decomposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filtering_and_decomposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Filtering and decomposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filtering_and_decomposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jitter</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84" title="تقلقل الإرسال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقلقل الإرسال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Джытэр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джытэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Джытэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Джытэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter" title="Jitter – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jitter" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter" title="Jitter – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jitter" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter" title="Jitter – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jitter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter" title="Jitter – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jitter" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%B4_(%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="لغزش (مخابرات) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لغزش (مخابرات)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigue_(%C3%A9lectronique)" title="Gigue (électronique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gigue (électronique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B0" title="지터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="जिटर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जिटर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter" title="Jitter – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jitter" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter" title="Jitter – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jitter" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter" title="Jitter – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jitter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="ジッター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジッター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter" title="Jitter – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Jitter" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter" title="Jitter – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jitter" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter" title="Jitter – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jitter" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джиттер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джиттер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Џитер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џитер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter" title="Jitter – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jitter" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter" title="Jitter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jitter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джитер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джитер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%96%E5%8A%A8" title="抖动 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="抖动" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1052698#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Clock deviation from perfect periodicity</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Wander" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Wander_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Wander (disambiguation)">Wander (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jitter_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jitter (disambiguation)">Jitter (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jitter" title="Special:EditPage/Jitter">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jitter%22">"Jitter"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jitter%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jitter%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jitter%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jitter%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jitter%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a>, <b>jitter</b> is the deviation from true periodicity of a presumably <a href="/wiki/Periodic_signal" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodic signal">periodic signal</a>, often in relation to a reference <a href="/wiki/Clock_signal" title="Clock signal">clock signal</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Clock_recovery" title="Clock recovery">clock recovery</a> applications it is called <b>timing jitter</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-wol91p211_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wol91p211-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jitter is a significant, and usually undesired, factor in the design of almost all <a href="/wiki/Communications_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications link">communications links</a>. </p><p>Jitter can be quantified in the same terms as all time-varying signals, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Root_mean_square" title="Root mean square">root mean square</a> (RMS), or <a href="/wiki/Peak-to-peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Peak-to-peak">peak-to-peak</a> displacement. Also, like other time-varying signals, jitter can be expressed in terms of <a href="/wiki/Spectral_density" title="Spectral density">spectral density</a>. </p><p><b>Jitter period</b> is the interval between two times of maximum effect (or minimum effect) of a signal characteristic that varies regularly with time. <b>Jitter frequency</b>, the more commonly quoted figure, is its inverse. <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> G.810 classifies deviation lower frequencies below 10 Hz as <i><b>wander</b></i> and higher frequencies at or above 10 Hz as <i>jitter</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jitter may be caused by <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_interference" title="Electromagnetic interference">electromagnetic interference</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crosstalk" title="Crosstalk">crosstalk</a> with carriers of other signals. Jitter can cause a display monitor to flicker, affect the performance of processors in personal computers, introduce clicks or other undesired effects in audio signals, and cause loss of transmitted data between network devices. The amount of tolerable jitter depends on the affected application. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metrics">Metrics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Metrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For <a href="/wiki/Clock_signal" title="Clock signal">clock</a> jitter, there are three commonly used metrics:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Category:All_self-contradictory_articles" title="Category:All self-contradictory articles"><span title="This lists four (May 2024)">contradictory</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <dl><dt>Absolute jitter</dt> <dd>The <a href="/wiki/Absolute_difference" title="Absolute difference">absolute difference</a> in the position of a clock's edge from where it would ideally be.</dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Maximum_time_interval_error" title="Maximum time interval error">Maximum time interval error</a> (MTIE)</dt> <dd>Maximum error committed by a clock under test in measuring a time interval for a given period of time.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Period jitter (a.k.a. <i>cycle jitter</i>)</dt> <dd>The difference between any one clock period and the ideal or average clock period. Period jitter tends to be important in synchronous circuitry such as digital state machines where the error-free operation of the circuitry is limited by the shortest possible clock period (average period less maximum cycle jitter), and the performance of the circuitry is set by the average clock period. Hence, synchronous circuitry benefits from minimizing period jitter, so that the shortest clock period approaches the average clock period.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Cycle-to-cycle jitter</dt> <dd>The difference in duration of any two adjacent clock periods. It can be important for some types of clock generation circuitry used in <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessors</a> and <a href="/wiki/RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="RAM">RAM</a> interfaces.</dd></dl> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a>, the unit used for the above types of jitter is usually the <a href="/wiki/Unit_interval_(data_transmission)" title="Unit interval (data transmission)">unit interval</a> (UI) which quantifies the jitter in terms of a fraction of the transmission unit period. This unit is useful because it scales with clock frequency and thus allows relatively slow interconnects such as <a href="/wiki/Digital_Signal_1" title="Digital Signal 1">T1</a> to be compared to higher-speed internet backbone links such as <a href="/wiki/OC-192" class="mw-redirect" title="OC-192">OC-192</a>. Absolute units such as <i>picoseconds</i> are more common in microprocessor applications. Units of <i>degrees</i> and <i>radians</i> are also used. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_deviation_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Standard_deviation_diagram.svg/350px-Standard_deviation_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Standard_deviation_diagram.svg/525px-Standard_deviation_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Standard_deviation_diagram.svg/700px-Standard_deviation_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>In the normal distribution one <a href="/wiki/Standard_deviation" title="Standard deviation">standard deviation</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Mean" title="Mean">mean</a> (dark blue) accounts for about 68% of the set, while two standard deviations from the mean (medium and dark blue) account for about 95% and three standard deviations (light, medium, and dark blue) account for about 99.7%.</figcaption></figure> <p>If jitter has a <a href="/wiki/Gaussian_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaussian distribution">Gaussian distribution</a>, it is usually quantified using the <a href="/wiki/Standard_deviation" title="Standard deviation">standard deviation</a> of this distribution. This translates to an RMS measurement for a zero-mean distribution. Often, jitter distribution is significantly non-Gaussian. This can occur if the jitter is caused by external sources such as power supply noise. In these cases, <i>peak-to-peak</i> measurements may be more useful. Many efforts have been made to meaningfully quantify distributions that are neither Gaussian nor have a meaningful peak level. All have shortcomings but most tend to be good enough for the purposes of engineering work. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networking</a>, jitter can refer to <a href="/wiki/Packet_delay_variation" title="Packet delay variation">packet delay variation</a>, the variation (<a href="/wiki/Statistical_dispersion" title="Statistical dispersion">statistical dispersion</a>) in the delay of the <a href="/wiki/Packet_(information_technology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Packet (information technology)">packets</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the main differences between random and deterministic jitter is that deterministic jitter is bounded and random jitter is unbounded.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Random_jitter">Random jitter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Random jitter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Random jitter, also called Gaussian jitter, is unpredictable electronic timing noise. Random jitter typically follows a <a href="/wiki/Normal_distribution" title="Normal distribution">normal distribution</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to being caused by <a href="/wiki/Thermal_noise" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal noise">thermal noise</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Electrical_circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical circuit">electrical circuit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deterministic_jitter">Deterministic jitter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Deterministic jitter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Deterministic jitter</b> is a type of clock or data signal jitter that is predictable and reproducible. The peak-to-peak value of this jitter is bounded, and the bounds can easily be observed and predicted. Deterministic jitter has a known non-normal distribution. Deterministic jitter can either be correlated to the data stream (<a href="/wiki/Data-dependent_jitter" title="Data-dependent jitter">data-dependent jitter</a>) or uncorrelated to the data stream (bounded uncorrelated jitter). Examples of data-dependent jitter are duty-cycle dependent jitter (also known as duty-cycle distortion) and <a href="/wiki/Intersymbol_interference" title="Intersymbol interference">intersymbol interference</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Total_jitter">Total jitter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Total jitter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right" style="margin-left:10px"> <tbody><tr> <th>n </th> <th>BER </th></tr> <tr> <td>6.4 </td> <td>10<sup>−10</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.7 </td> <td>10<sup>−11</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>10<sup>−12</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.3 </td> <td>10<sup>−13</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.6 </td> <td>10<sup>−14</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Total jitter (<i>T</i>) is the combination of random jitter (<i>R</i>) and deterministic jitter (<i>D</i>) and is computed in the context to a required <a href="/wiki/Bit_error_rate" title="Bit error rate">bit error rate</a> (BER) for the system:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="texhtml"><i>T</i> = <i>D</i><sub>peak-to-peak</sub> + 2<i>nR</i><sub>rms</sub></span>,</dd></dl> <p>in which the value of <i>n</i> is based on the BER required of the link. </p><p>A common BER used in communication standards such as <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> is 10<sup>−12</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sampling_jitter">Sampling jitter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sampling jitter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion of signals, the sampling is normally assumed to be periodic with a fixed period—the time between every two samples is the same. If there is jitter present on the clock signal to the <a href="/wiki/Analog-to-digital_converter" title="Analog-to-digital converter">analog-to-digital converter</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converter" title="Digital-to-analog converter">digital-to-analog converter</a>, the time between samples varies and instantaneous signal error arises. The error is proportional to the <a href="/wiki/Slew_rate" title="Slew rate">slew rate</a> of the desired signal and the absolute value of the clock error. The effect of jitter on the signal depends on the nature of the jitter. Random jitter tends to add broadband noise while periodic jitter tends to add errant spectral components, "birdys". In some conditions, less than a nanosecond of jitter can reduce the effective bit resolution of a converter with a <a href="/wiki/Nyquist_frequency" title="Nyquist frequency">Nyquist frequency</a> of 22 kHz to 14 bits.<sup id="cite_ref-Puente_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puente-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sampling jitter is an important consideration in high-frequency signal conversion, or where the clock signal is especially prone to interference. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Digital_antenna_array" title="Digital antenna array">digital antenna arrays</a> <a href="/wiki/Analog-to-digital_converter" title="Analog-to-digital converter">ADC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converter" title="Digital-to-analog converter">DAC</a> jitters are the important factors determining the <a href="/wiki/Direction_of_arrival" title="Direction of arrival">direction of arrival</a> estimation accuracy<sup id="cite_ref-slyusarDoA_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slyusarDoA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the depth of jammers suppression.<sup id="cite_ref-slyusarjitter_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slyusarjitter-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Packet_jitter_in_computer_networks">Packet jitter in computer networks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Packet jitter in computer networks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the context of computer networks, packet jitter or <a href="/wiki/Packet_delay_variation" title="Packet delay variation">packet delay variation</a> (PDV) is the variation in latency as measured in the variability over time of the <a href="/wiki/End-to-end_delay" title="End-to-end delay">end-to-end delay</a> across a network. A network with constant delay has no packet jitter.<sup id="cite_ref-Comer_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Comer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Packet jitter is expressed as an average of the deviation from the network mean delay.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PDV is an important <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_service" title="Quality of service">quality of service</a> factor in assessment of network performance. </p><p>Transmitting a burst of traffic at a high rate followed by an interval or period of lower or zero rate transmission may also be seen as a form of jitter, as it represents a deviation from the average transmission rate. However, unlike the jitter caused by variation in latency, transmitting in bursts may be seen as a desirable feature,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Variable_bitrate" title="Variable bitrate">variable bitrate</a> transmissions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_and_image_jitter">Video and image jitter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Video and image jitter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Video or image jitter occurs when the horizontal lines of video image frames are randomly displaced due to the corruption of synchronization signals or electromagnetic interference during video transmission. Model-based dejittering study has been carried out under the framework of digital image and video restoration.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Testing">Testing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jitter in serial bus architectures is measured by means of <a href="/wiki/Eye_pattern" title="Eye pattern">eye patterns</a>. There are standards for jitter measurement in serial bus architectures. The standards cover <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter_tolerance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jitter tolerance (page does not exist)">jitter tolerance</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter_transfer_function&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jitter transfer function (page does not exist)">jitter transfer function</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter_generation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jitter generation (page does not exist)">jitter generation</a>, with the required values for these attributes varying among different applications. Where applicable, compliant systems are required to conform to these standards. </p><p>Testing for jitter and its measurement is of growing importance to electronics engineers because of increased clock frequencies in digital electronic circuitry to achieve higher device performance. Higher clock frequencies have commensurately smaller eye openings, and thus impose tighter tolerances on jitter. For example, modern computer <a href="/wiki/Motherboard" title="Motherboard">motherboards</a> have serial bus architectures with eye openings of 160 <a href="/wiki/Picosecond" title="Picosecond">picoseconds</a> or less. This is extremely small compared to parallel bus architectures with equivalent performance, which may have eye openings on the order of 1000 <a href="/wiki/Picosecond" title="Picosecond">picoseconds</a>. </p><p>Jitter is measured and evaluated in various ways depending on the type of circuit under test.<sup id="cite_ref-slyusar_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slyusar-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all cases, the goal of jitter measurement is to verify that the jitter will not disrupt normal operation of the circuit. </p><p>Testing of device performance for jitter tolerance may involve injection of jitter into electronic components with specialized test equipment. </p><p>A less direct approach—in which analog waveforms are digitized and the resulting data stream analyzed—is employed when measuring pixel jitter in <a href="/wiki/Frame_grabber" title="Frame grabber">frame grabbers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mitigation">Mitigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mitigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-jitter_circuits">Anti-jitter circuits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Anti-jitter circuits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anti-jitter circuits (AJCs) are a class of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_circuit" title="Electronic circuit">electronic circuits</a> designed to reduce the level of jitter in a clock signal. AJCs operate by re-timing the output pulses so they align more closely to an idealized clock. They are widely used in clock and data recovery circuits in <a href="/wiki/Digital_communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital communications">digital communications</a>, as well as for data sampling systems such as the <a href="/wiki/Analog-to-digital_converter" title="Analog-to-digital converter">analog-to-digital converter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converter" title="Digital-to-analog converter">digital-to-analog converter</a>. Examples of anti-jitter circuits include <a href="/wiki/Phase-locked_loop" title="Phase-locked loop">phase-locked loop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delay-locked_loop" title="Delay-locked loop">delay-locked loop</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jitter_buffers">Jitter buffers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Jitter buffers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jitter buffers or de-jitter buffers are <a href="/wiki/Buffer_(telecommunication)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffer (telecommunication)">buffers</a> used to counter jitter introduced by queuing in <a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet-switched networks</a> to ensure continuous playout of an audio or video <a href="/wiki/Media_stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Media stream">media stream</a> transmitted over the network.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maximum jitter that can be countered by a de-jitter buffer is equal to the buffering delay introduced before starting the play-out of the media stream. In the context of packet-switched networks, the term <i><a href="/wiki/Packet_delay_variation" title="Packet delay variation">packet delay variation</a></i> is often preferred over <i>jitter</i>. </p><p>Some systems use sophisticated delay-optimal de-jitter buffers that are capable of adapting the buffering delay to changing network characteristics. The adaptation logic is based on the jitter estimates computed from the arrival characteristics of the media packets. Adjustments associated with adaptive de-jittering involves introducing discontinuities in the media play-out which may be noticeable to the listener or viewer. Adaptive de-jittering is usually carried out for audio play-outs that include <a href="/wiki/Voice_activity_detection" title="Voice activity detection">voice activity detection</a> that allows the lengths of the silence periods to be adjusted, thus minimizing the perceptual impact of the adaptation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dejitterizer">Dejitterizer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Dejitterizer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A dejitterizer is a device that reduces jitter in a <a href="/wiki/Digital_signal" title="Digital signal">digital signal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A dejitterizer usually consists of an <a href="/wiki/Elastic_buffer" class="mw-redirect" title="Elastic buffer">elastic buffer</a> in which the signal is temporarily stored and then retransmitted at a rate based on the average rate of the incoming signal. A dejitterizer may not be effective in removing low-frequency jitter (wander). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filtering_and_decomposition">Filtering and decomposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Filtering and decomposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A filter can be designed to minimize the effect of sampling jitter.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A jitter signal can be decomposed into <a href="/wiki/Intrinsic_mode_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrinsic mode function">intrinsic mode functions</a> (IMFs), which can be further applied for filtering or dejittering.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clock_drift" title="Clock drift">Clock drift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dither" title="Dither">Dither</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jitterlyzer" title="Jitterlyzer">Jitterlyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_stuttering" title="Micro stuttering">Micro stuttering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phase_noise" title="Phase noise">Phase noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_(signal_processing)" title="Pulse (signal processing)">Pulse (signal processing)</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wol91p211-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wol91p211_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Meaning+of+Total+Jitter&rft.pub=Tektronix&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=Ransom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ransomsnotes.com%2Findex_htm_files%2FRansomStephensJitter360Pt1TheMeaningOfTotalJitter.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJitter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Puente-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Puente_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuente_León2015" class="citation book cs1">Puente León, Fernando (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783662448205"><i>Messtechnik</i></a>. Springer. p. 332f. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-662-44820-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-662-44820-5"><bdi>978-3-662-44820-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messtechnik&rft.pages=332f&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-662-44820-5&rft.aulast=Puente+Le%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fde%2Fbook%2F9783662448205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJitter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slyusarDoA-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-slyusarDoA_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Bondarenko_and_V.I._Slyusar.2011" class="citation journal cs1">M. Bondarenko and V.I. Slyusar. (6 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3103%2FS0735272711080061.pdf">"Influence of jitter in ADC on precision of direction-finding by digital antenna arrays. // Radioelectronics and Communications Systems. - Volume 54, Number 8, 2011.- Pp. 436 - 445.-"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Radioelectronics and Communications Systems</i>. <b>54</b> (8): 436. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3103%2FS0735272711080061">10.3103/S0735272711080061</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:110506568">110506568</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3103%2FS0735272711080061.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radioelectronics+and+Communications+Systems&rft.atitle=Influence+of+jitter+in+ADC+on+precision+of+direction-finding+by+digital+antenna+arrays.+%2F%2F+Radioelectronics+and+Communications+Systems.+-+Volume+54%2C+Number+8%2C+2011.-+Pp.+436+-+445.-&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=436&rft.date=2011-09-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3103%2FS0735272711080061&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A110506568%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=M.+Bondarenko+and+V.I.+Slyusar.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fcontent%2Fpdf%2F10.3103%252FS0735272711080061.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJitter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slyusarjitter-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-slyusarjitter_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBondarenko_M.V.,_Slyusar_V.I." class="citation news cs1">Bondarenko M.V., Slyusar V.I. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slyusar.kiev.ua/OTEH_2012_SLYUSAR.pdf">"Limiting depth of jammer's suppression in a digital antenna array in conditions of ADC jitter.// 5th International Scientific Conference on Defensive Technologies, OTEH 2012. - 18 - 19 September, 2012. - Belgrade, Serbia. - Pp. 495 - 497"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://slyusar.kiev.ua/OTEH_2012_SLYUSAR.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Limiting+depth+of+jammer%27s+suppression+in+a+digital+antenna+array+in+conditions+of+ADC+jitter.%2F%2F+5th+International+Scientific+Conference+on+Defensive+Technologies%2C+OTEH+2012.+-+18+-+19+September%2C+2012.+-+Belgrade%2C+Serbia.+-+Pp.+495+-+497.&rft.au=Bondarenko+M.V.%2C+Slyusar+V.I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fslyusar.kiev.ua%2FOTEH_2012_SLYUSAR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJitter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Comer-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Comer_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComer2008" class="citation book cs1">Comer, Douglas E. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tm-evHmOs3oC&pg=PA476"><i>Computer Networks and Internets</i></a>. Prentice Hall. p. 476. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-606127-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-606127-4"><bdi>978-0-13-606127-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Computer+Networks+and+Internets&rft.pages=476&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-13-606127-4&rft.aulast=Comer&rft.aufirst=Douglas+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtm-evHmOs3oC%26pg%3DPA476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJitter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemichelis2002" class="citation cs1">Demichelis, C. (November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3393"><i>IP Packet Delay Variation Metric for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC3393">10.17487/RFC3393</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3393">3393</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IP+Packet+Delay+Variation+Metric+for+IP+Performance+Metrics+%28IPPM%29&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2002-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC3393&rft.aulast=Demichelis&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc3393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJitter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKangShen2006" class="citation journal cs1">Kang, Sung-Ha; Shen, Jianhong (Jackie) (2006). "Video Dejittering by Bake and Shake". <i>Image and Vision Computing</i>. <b>24</b> (2): 143–152. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.imavis.2005.09.022">10.1016/j.imavis.2005.09.022</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Image+and+Vision+Computing&rft.atitle=Video+Dejittering+by+Bake+and+Shake&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=143-152&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.imavis.2005.09.022&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=Sung-Ha&rft.au=Shen%2C+Jianhong+%28Jackie%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJitter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slyusar-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-slyusar_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Bondarenko_and_V.I._Slyusar." class="citation news cs1">M. Bondarenko and V.I. Slyusar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slyusar.kiev.ua/en/IZV_2011_10.pdf">"Methods for estimating the ADC jitter in noncoherent systems. // Radioelectronics and Communications Systems. - Volume 54, Number 10, 2011. – Pp. 536 - 545. - DOI: 10.3103/S0735272711100037"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://slyusar.kiev.ua/en/IZV_2011_10.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Methods+for+estimating+the+ADC+jitter+in+noncoherent+systems.+%2F%2F+Radioelectronics+and+Communications+Systems.+-+Volume+54%2C+Number+10%2C+2011.+%E2%80%93+Pp.+536+-+545.+-+DOI%3A+10.3103%2FS0735272711100037.&rft.au=M.+Bondarenko+and+V.I.+Slyusar.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fslyusar.kiev.ua%2Fen%2FIZV_2011_10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJitter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhvilivitzky2008" class="citation web cs1">Khvilivitzky, Alexander (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sensoray.com/support/appnotes/pixjiter.htm">"Pixel Jitter in Frame Grabbers"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pixel+Jitter+in+Frame+Grabbers&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Khvilivitzky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sensoray.com%2Fsupport%2Fappnotes%2Fpixjiter.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJitter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060507172221/http://searchenterprisevoice.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid66_gci906844,00.html">"Jitter Buffer"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://searchenterprisevoice.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid66_gci906844,00.html">the original</a> on 2006-05-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-04-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jitter+Buffer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearchenterprisevoice.techtarget.com%2FsDefinition%2F0%2C%2Csid66_gci906844%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJitter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation 1037C"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122224547/https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-011/_1532.htm">"dejitterizer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Standard_1037C" title="Federal Standard 1037C">Federal Standard 1037C</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-011/_1532.htm">the original</a> on 2022-01-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+Standard+1037C&rft.atitle=dejitterizer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.its.bldrdoc.gov%2Ffs-1037%2Fdir-011%2F_1532.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJitter" class="Z3988"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmedChen2011" class="citation journal cs1">Ahmed, Salman; Chen, Tongwen (April 2011). "Minimizing the Effect of Sampling Jitters in Wireless Sensor Networks". <i>IEEE Signal Processing Letters</i>. <b>18</b> (4): 219–222. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ISPL...18..219A">2011ISPL...18..219A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FLSP.2011.2109711">10.1109/LSP.2011.2109711</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Signal+Processing+Letters&rft.atitle=Minimizing+the+Effect+of+Sampling+Jitters+in+Wireless+Sensor+Networks&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=219-222&rft.date=2011-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FLSP.2011.2109711&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011ISPL...18..219A&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Salman&rft.au=Chen%2C+Tongwen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJitter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Li, Mike P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101122070445/http://www.altera.com/literature/cp/cp-01049-jitter-si-verification.pdf">Jitter and Signal Integrity Verification for Synchronous and Asynchronous I/Os at Multiple to 10 GHz/Gbps</a>. Presented at International Test Conference 2008.</li> <li>Li, Mike P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604045445/http://www.altera.com/literature/cp/cp-01052-jitter-classification.pdf">A New Jitter Classification Method Based on Statistical, Physical, and Spectroscopic Mechanisms</a>. Presented at DesignCon 2009.</li> <li>Liu, Hui, Hong Shi, Xiaohong Jiang, and Zhe Li. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604045450/http://www.altera.com/literature/cp/cp-01055-impact-ssj.pdf">Pre-Driver PDN SSN, OPD, Data Encoding, and Their Impact on SSJ</a>. Presented at Electronics Components and Technology Conference 2009.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrischittaVarma1989" class="citation book cs1">Trischitta, Patrick R.; Varma, Eve L. (1989). <i>Jitter in Digital Transmission Systems</i>. Artech. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89006-248-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89006-248-7"><bdi>978-0-89006-248-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jitter+in+Digital+Transmission+Systems&rft.pub=Artech&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-89006-248-7&rft.aulast=Trischitta&rft.aufirst=Patrick+R.&rft.au=Varma%2C+Eve+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJitter" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Zamek, Iliya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604045325/http://www.altera.com/literature/cp/cp-01048-jitter-resonance.pdf">SOC-System Jitter Resonance and Its Impact on Common Approach to the PDN Impedance</a>. Presented at International Test Conference 2008.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jitter&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jitter" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jitter">Jitter</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Clock_and_Data_Recovery/Introduction/Definition_of_(phase)_jitter" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Clock and Data Recovery/Introduction/Definition of (phase) jitter">Clock and Data Recovery/Introduction/Definition of (phase) jitter</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130043137/http://www.microwave-eetimes.com/design-center/beating-jitter-bug-how-apply-multiple-measurement-strategies-identify-noise-source">Beating the jitter bug</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2016-11-30)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071007065153/http://www.en.voipforo.com/QoS/QoS_Jitter.php">Jitter in VoIP - Causes, solutions and recommended values</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2007-10-07)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090113162733/http://www.maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/an_pk/1916/CMP/WP-34">An Introduction to Jitter in Communications Systems</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2009-01-13)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091117194739/www.maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/an_pk/377/CMP/WP-35">Specifications Made Easy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2009-11-17), a Heuristic Discussion of Fibre Channel and Gigabit Ethernet Methods</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk652/tk698/technologies_tech_note09186a00800945df.shtml">Jitter in Packet Voice Networks</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Noise_(physics_and_telecommunications)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Noise" title="Template:Noise"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Noise" title="Template talk:Noise"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Noise" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Noise"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Noise_(physics_and_telecommunications)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Noise_(spectral_phenomenon)" title="Noise (spectral phenomenon)">Noise</a> (physics and telecommunications)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_quieting" title="Acoustic quieting">Acoustic quieting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distortion" title="Distortion">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_noise_control" title="Active noise control">Noise cancellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_control" title="Noise control">Noise control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_measurement" title="Noise measurement">Noise measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_power" title="Noise power">Noise power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_reduction" title="Noise reduction">Noise reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_temperature" title="Noise temperature">Noise temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phase_distortion" title="Phase distortion">Phase distortion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Noise in...</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noise" title="Noise">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_acoustics" title="Architectural acoustics">Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_(electronics)" title="Noise (electronics)">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_pollution" title="Noise pollution">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_regulation" title="Noise regulation">Government regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_from_noise" title="Health effects from noise">Human health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_noise" title="Image noise">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Noise (radio)">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soundproofing" title="Soundproofing">Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_and_vibration_on_maritime_vessels" title="Noise and vibration on maritime vessels">Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_masking" title="Sound masking">Sound masking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_barrier" title="Noise barrier">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_(video)" title="Noise (video)">Video</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class of noise</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Additive_white_Gaussian_noise" title="Additive white Gaussian noise">Additive white Gaussian noise</a> (AWGN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_noise" title="Atmospheric noise">Atmospheric noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_noise" title="Background noise">Background noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownian_noise" title="Brownian noise">Brownian noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burst_noise" title="Burst noise">Burst noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_noise" title="Cosmic noise">Cosmic noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flicker_noise" title="Flicker noise">Flicker noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaussian_noise" title="Gaussian noise">Gaussian noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_noise" title="Grey noise">Grey noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrasound" title="Infrasound">Infrasound</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson%E2%80%93Nyquist_noise" title="Johnson–Nyquist noise">Johnson–Nyquist noise</a> (thermal noise)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_noise" title="Pink noise">Pink noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantization_error" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantization error">Quantization error</a> (or q. noise)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_noise" title="Shot noise">Shot noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_noise" title="White noise">White noise</a></li> <li>Coherent noise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Value_noise" title="Value noise">Value noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradient_noise" title="Gradient noise">Gradient noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worley_noise" title="Worley noise">Worley noise</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineering <br />terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_noise_level" title="Channel noise level">Channel noise level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_noise_level" title="Circuit noise level">Circuit noise level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effective_input_noise_temperature" title="Effective input noise temperature">Effective input noise temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equivalent_noise_resistance" title="Equivalent noise resistance">Equivalent noise resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equivalent_pulse_code_modulation_noise" title="Equivalent pulse code modulation noise">Equivalent pulse code modulation noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impulse_noise_(audio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Impulse noise (audio)">Impulse noise (audio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_figure" title="Noise figure">Noise figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_floor" title="Noise floor">Noise floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_shaping" title="Noise shaping">Noise shaping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_spectral_density" title="Noise spectral density">Noise spectral density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise,_vibration,_and_harshness" title="Noise, vibration, and harshness">Noise, vibration, and harshness</a> (NVH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phase_noise" title="Phase noise">Phase noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudorandom_noise" title="Pseudorandom noise">Pseudorandom noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_noise" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistical noise">Statistical noise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ratios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrier-to-noise_ratio" title="Carrier-to-noise ratio">Carrier-to-noise ratio</a> (<i>C</i>/<i>N</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier-to-receiver_noise_density" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier-to-receiver noise density">Carrier-to-receiver noise density</a> (<i>C</i>/<i>kT</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DBrnC" class="mw-redirect" title="DBrnC">dBrnC</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eb/N0" title="Eb/N0">E<sub>b</sub>/N<sub>0</sub></a></i> (energy per bit to noise density)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eb/N0#Relation_to_Es.2FN0" title="Eb/N0">E<sub>s</sub>/N<sub>0</sub></a></i> (energy per symbol to noise density)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modulation_error_ratio" title="Modulation error ratio">Modulation error ratio</a> (<i>MER</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SINAD" title="SINAD">Signal, noise and distortion</a> (<i>SINAD</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal-to-interference_ratio" title="Signal-to-interference ratio">Signal-to-interference ratio</a> (<i>S</i>/<i>I</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio" title="Signal-to-noise ratio">Signal-to-noise ratio</a> (<i>S</i>/<i>N</i>, <i>SNR</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio_(imaging)" title="Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)">Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal-to-interference-plus-noise_ratio" title="Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio">Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio</a> (<i>SINR</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal-to-quantization-noise_ratio" title="Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio">Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio</a> (<i>SQNR</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrast-to-noise_ratio" title="Contrast-to-noise ratio">Contrast-to-noise ratio</a> (<i>CNR</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_noise_topics" title="List of noise topics">List of noise topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoustics" title="Acoustics">Acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colors_of_noise" title="Colors of noise">Colors of noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(communication)" title="Interference (communication)">Interference (communication)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_generator" title="Noise generator">Noise generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrum_analyzer" title="Spectrum analyzer">Spectrum analyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_radiation" title="Thermal radiation">Thermal radiation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denoise <br />methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-pass_filter" title="Low-pass filter">Low-pass filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_filter" title="Median filter">Median filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_variation_denoising" title="Total variation denoising">Total variation denoising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavelet#Wavelet_denoising" title="Wavelet">Wavelet denoising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2D (Image)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaussian_blur" title="Gaussian blur">Gaussian blur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisotropic_diffusion" title="Anisotropic diffusion">Anisotropic diffusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilateral_filter" title="Bilateral filter">Bilateral filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-local_means" title="Non-local means">Non-local means</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block-matching_and_3D_filtering" title="Block-matching and 3D filtering">Block-matching and 3D filtering</a> (BM3D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinkage_Fields_(image_restoration)" title="Shrinkage Fields (image restoration)">Shrinkage Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoencoder#Denoising_autoencoder_(DAE)" title="Autoencoder">Denoising autoencoder</a> (DAE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Image_Prior" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep Image Prior">Deep Image Prior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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