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</a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographic_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographic_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geographic distribution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geographic_distribution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geographic distribution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geographic_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North_Macedonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Macedonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>North Macedonia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Macedonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Albania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Albania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosovo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosovo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Kosovo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosovo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_affiliation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_affiliation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ethnic affiliation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_affiliation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Political activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86" title="مقدونيون مسلمون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقدونيون مسلمون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbe%C5%9Fl%C9%99r" title="Torbeşlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Torbeşlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="توربش‌لر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توربش‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Торбешы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Торбешы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbeschen" title="Torbeschen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Torbeschen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Τορμπέσοι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τορμπέσοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Торбешить – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Торбешить" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbe%C5%A1oj" title="Torbešoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Torbešoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="توربش‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توربش‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torb%C3%A8ches" title="Torbèches – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Torbèches" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbe%C5%A1i" title="Torbeši – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Torbeši" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Makedonia" title="Muslim Makedonia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muslim Makedonia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbesci" title="Torbesci – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Torbesci" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ტორბეშები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტორბეშები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbe%C5%A1i" title="Torbeši – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Torbeši" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbe%C5%A1ai" title="Torbešai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Torbešai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8-%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Македонци-муслимани – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Македонци-муслимани" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" title="مقدينيين مسلمين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مقدينيين مسلمين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umat_Muslim_Macedonian" title="Umat Muslim Macedonian – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Umat Muslim Macedonian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbesjen" title="Torbesjen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Torbesjen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbeshi" title="Torbeshi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Torbeshi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbesh" title="Torbesh – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Torbesh" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbe%C8%99i" title="Torbeși – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Torbeși" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Торбеши – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Торбеши" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysliman%C3%ABt_maqedonas" title="Myslimanët maqedonas – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Myslimanët maqedonas" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbe%C5%A1i" title="Torbeši – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Torbeši" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Торбеши – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Торбеши" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbe%C5%A1i" title="Torbeši – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Torbeši" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjois-Makedonian_muslimit" title="Pohjois-Makedonian muslimit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pohjois-Makedonian muslimit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbesjer" title="Torbesjer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Torbesjer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Торбәшләр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Торбәшләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbe%C5%9Fler" title="Torbeşler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Torbeşler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Торбеши – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Торбеши" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1262476#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Torbe%C5%A1i" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethno-religious group in the Balkans</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Macedonian-speaking Muslim ethnoreligious group. For other Muslim populations from the wider region of Macedonia, see <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh" title="Dönmeh">Selânikli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vallahades" title="Vallahades">Vallahades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorani_(ethnic_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorani (ethnic group)">Gorani</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Torbeši</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Zensko_oro_-_proslava_na_sunet_-_Gorno_Kosovrasti.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Zensko_oro_-_proslava_na_sunet_-_Gorno_Kosovrasti.JPG/220px-Zensko_oro_-_proslava_na_sunet_-_Gorno_Kosovrasti.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Zensko_oro_-_proslava_na_sunet_-_Gorno_Kosovrasti.JPG/330px-Zensko_oro_-_proslava_na_sunet_-_Gorno_Kosovrasti.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Zensko_oro_-_proslava_na_sunet_-_Gorno_Kosovrasti.JPG/440px-Zensko_oro_-_proslava_na_sunet_-_Gorno_Kosovrasti.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Female folk dance of Torbeši in the village of Gorno Kosovrasti, near <a href="/wiki/Debar" title="Debar">Debar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">39,555<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1981)<br /> 5,816 (<a href="/wiki/2021_North_Macedonia_census" title="2021 North Macedonia census">2021 census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-T1006P21.px_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T1006P21.px-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Western North Macedonia, Torbešija, Eastern Albania</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">Macedonians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Turks">Macedonian Turks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#FBEC5D;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_Macedonian_people" title="Category:Ethnic Macedonian people">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FBEC5D;padding-top:0.1em;line-height:0.9em;font-size:175%;"><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">Macedonians</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.8em 0;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of North Macedonia"><img alt="Flag of North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/150px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/225px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/300px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FBEC5D;font-size:110%;"> By region or country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;;padding:0;line-height:0.4em;">  </td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;;padding:0 0 0.1em;background:#FDF395;font-weight:bold;"> <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia (region)</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia#Ethnicities" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_in_Albania" title="Macedonians in Albania">Albania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Macedonians_in_Bulgaria" title="Ethnic Macedonians in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_speakers_of_Greek_Macedonia" title="Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia">Greece</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;;padding:0 0 0.1em;background:#FDF395;font-weight:bold;"> <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_diaspora" title="Macedonian diaspora">Diaspora</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;;padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0;line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><i>Former Yugoslavia</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Macedonians in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_of_Croatia" title="Macedonians of Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_in_Montenegro" title="Macedonians in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_in_Serbia" title="Macedonians in Serbia">Serbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_in_Slovenia" title="Macedonians in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;;padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0;line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><i>Elsewhere in Europe</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_in_Austria" title="Macedonians in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Macedonians in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_in_France" title="Macedonians in France">France</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_in_Germany" title="Macedonians in Germany">Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_in_Poland" title="Macedonians in Poland">Poland</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_of_Romania" title="Macedonians of Romania">Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_in_Sweden" title="Macedonians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_from_the_former_Yugoslavia_to_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration from the former Yugoslavia to Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Macedonians in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;;padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0;line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><i>Americas</i></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Argentine">Argentina</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Canadians" title="Macedonian Canadians">Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Americans" title="Macedonian Americans">United States</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;;padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:1.0em;line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><i>Oceania</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Australians" title="Macedonian Australians">Australia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FBEC5D;font-size:110%;"> Subgroups and<br />related groups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorani_people" title="Gorani people">Gorani</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Torbeši</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mijaks" title="Mijaks">Mijaks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brsjaks" title="Brsjaks">Brsjaks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shopi" title="Shopi">Shopi</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FBEC5D;font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_Macedonia" title="Culture of North Macedonia">Culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of North Macedonia">Art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Macedonia" title="Cinema of North Macedonia">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="North Macedonian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_North_Macedonia" title="Education in North Macedonia">Education</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_literature" title="Macedonian literature">Literature</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia" title="Music of North Macedonia">Music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_North_Macedonia" title="National symbols of North Macedonia">Symbols</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FBEC5D;font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Religion in North Macedonia">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Archdiocese_of_Ohrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid">Macedonian Orthodox Church</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_North_Macedonia" title="Catholic Church in North Macedonia">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Skopje" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Skopje">Latin Catholic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Macedonian Greek Catholic Church">Greek Catholic</a>)</li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Protestantism in North Macedonia">Protestantism</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_North_Macedonia" title="Islam in North Macedonia">Islam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_North_Macedonia" title="History of the Jews in North Macedonia">Judaism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rodnovery" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodnovery">Rodnovery</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FBEC5D;font-size:110%;"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="History of the Macedonians (ethnic group)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="List of Macedonians (ethnic group)">List of Macedonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_nationalism" title="Macedonian nationalism">Macedonian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_North_Macedonia" title="Public holidays in North Macedonia">Public holidays</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Template:Macedonians (ethnic group)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Template talk:Macedonians (ethnic group)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Macedonians (ethnic group)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Torbeši</b> (<a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: <span lang="mk">Торбеши</span>) are a <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian-speaking</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnoreligious" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnoreligious">ethnoreligious</a> group in North Macedonia and Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-db_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-db-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Torbeši are also referred to as <b>Macedonian Muslims</b> (<a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: <span lang="mk">Македонци-муслимани</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Macedonian" title="Romanization of Macedonian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Macedonian-language romanization"><i lang="mk-Latn">Makedonci-muslimani</i></span>) or <b>Muslim Macedonians</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have been culturally distinct from the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christian</a> Macedonian community for centuries, and are linguistically distinct from the larger Muslim ethnic groups in the greater region of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanians in North Macedonia">Albanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Turks in North Macedonia">Turks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romanis</a>. However, some Torbeši also still maintain a strong affiliation with <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> identity and with <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Turks">Macedonian Turks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regions inhabited by these Macedonian-speaking Muslims are Debarska Župa, Dolni Drimkol, <a href="/wiki/Reka_(region)" title="Reka (region)">Reka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gollobord%C3%AB" title="Gollobordë">Golo Brdo</a> (in Albania). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many ethnonyms are used for the Macedonian-speaking Muslims. The most widespread ethnonym, which is also their endonym, is Torbeši.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamjanovski202129_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamjanovski202129-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are numerous theories on the origin of the term. Some link it to an <a href="/wiki/List_of_early_Slavic_peoples" title="List of early Slavic peoples">old Slavic tribe</a> <i>Torbeachei</i>, whereas other theories have suggested a derivation from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> <i>torbekes</i> meaning person with a bag. According to one theory, the Torbeši were a group of public servants in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> tasked to carry bags (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">torba oglanlari</i>). Some scholars have linked the term with the <i>kutugeri</i>, a group of <a href="/wiki/Bogomilism" title="Bogomilism">Bogomil</a> missionaries who carried bags.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common explanation in North Macedonia of the origin of the term is that the Torbeš sold their faith for a bag (<i>torba</i> in Macedonian) of goods from the Ottomans.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among other names ascribed to them are <i>Macedonian-speaking Muslims</i>, <i>Našinci</i>, <i>Apovci</i>, <i>Poturi</i> and <i>Turci</i> (Turks).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also referred to as <i>Macedonian Muslims</i> or <i>Muslim Macedonians</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto4_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto3_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some sources, Macedonian-speaking Muslims are grouped together with <a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomaks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Macedonian-speaking Muslims of <a href="/wiki/Gollobord%C3%AB" title="Gollobordë">Gollobordë</a> are also known as <i>Gollobordas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-DeRapper6_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeRapper6-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pieroni2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pieroni2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Torbeši are largely the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">region of Macedonia</a> who were converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> during the centuries when the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> ruled the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The various <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> orders (like the <a href="/wiki/Khalwati_order" title="Khalwati order">Khalwati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rifa%27is" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifa'is">Rifa'is</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qadiriyya" title="Qadiriyya">Qadiris</a>) all played a role in the conversion of the Slavic and <a href="/wiki/Paulicianism" title="Paulicianism">Paulician</a> population.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Torbeši who identify as ethnic Macedonians claim to be "the truest Macedonians" who speak "clean Macedonian" and have maintained traditions and customs for centuries, unlike their Orthodox Macedonian counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_distribution">Geographic distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geographic distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Macedonia">North Macedonia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: North Macedonia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest concentration of Torbeš can be found in western North Macedonia and eastern Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the villages in Debar regions are populated by Torbeš. The <a href="/wiki/Struga_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Struga municipality">Struga municipality</a> also holds a large number of Macedonian Muslims who are primarily concentrated in the large village of <a href="/wiki/Labuni%C5%A1ta" title="Labuništa">Labuništa</a>. Further north in the Debar region many of the surrounding villages are inhabited by Torbeš. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolna_Reka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolna Reka (page does not exist)">Dolna Reka</a> region is also primarily populated by Torbeš. Places such as <a href="/wiki/Rostu%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Rostuša">Rostuša</a> and also have large Torbeš populations. There are also major concentrations in the central region of North Macedonia, surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Plasnica_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasnica municipality">Plasnica municipality</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dolneni_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolneni municipality">Dolneni municipality</a>. </p><p><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="mk:Торбешија">Torbešija</a> is an ethnographic region in the <a href="/wiki/Marko%27s_River" title="Marko's River">Marko's River</a> Valley south of Skopje, today within <a href="/wiki/Studeni%C4%8Dani_Municipality" title="Studeničani Municipality">Studeničani Municipality</a>. Torbeš began settling in the area in the second half of the 18th century. Beginning in the 20th century, many Torbeš left the area for Turkey or Skopje.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albania">Albania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Albania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Macedonian-speaking Muslim community of Gollobordë is known as <i>Gollobordas</i> and in Albania people from the community are considered Albanians instead of Macedonians, even by the Albanian state, and they are known to intermarry with Muslim Albanians and not with Orthodox Macedonians.<sup id="cite_ref-DeRapper6_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeRapper6-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pieroni2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pieroni2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 90s, Macedonian linguist Božidar Vidoeski conducted a study on the Macedonian speaking population of Albania. During that time, he notes the existence of a Torbeš population in Gollobordë, on the Macedonian-Albanian border, specifically in the villages of <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ABrnic%C3%AB" title="Vërnicë">Vërnicë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trebisht" title="Trebisht">Trebisht</a> Lladomericë, <a href="/wiki/Gjinovec" title="Gjinovec">Gjinovec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klenj%C3%AB" title="Klenjë">Klenjë</a>, Lejçan, Lubalesh, <a href="/wiki/Ostren" title="Ostren">Ostren i Madh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ostren_i_Vog%C3%ABl" title="Ostren i Vogël">Ostren i Vogël</a>, Okshtun, Pasinkë, Radovesh, Sebisht, Sërpetovë, Stebleve, Tuçep, Tërbaç. An Albanian population dominated in the northern Gollobordë villages of Sebishtë, Pasinkë, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ABrnic%C3%AB" title="Vërnicë">Vërnicë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ostren" title="Ostren">Ostren i Madh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ostren_i_Vog%C3%ABl" title="Ostren i Vogël">Ostren i Vogël</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vidoeski214309339_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vidoeski214309339-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kosovo">Kosovo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Kosovo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a presence of Torbeš in Kosovo.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-db_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-db-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with other Balkan Muslims following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Torbeš were helped by the Turkish government to settle in Turkey. These groups were labelled as Turks and all claimed Turkish descent.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1952, Yugoslavia and Turkey signed an agreement of free emigration that allowed Muslims from Yugoslavia to settle in Turkey. A total of 127,000 ethnic Turks, Torbeši, and other Muslims from Macedonia migrated.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The exact numbers of Torbeš are not easy to establish. The historian <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Banac" title="Ivo Banac">Ivo Banac</a> estimates that in the old <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a>, before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the Torbeš population stood at around 27,000.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent censuses have produced dramatically varying figures: 1,591 in 1953, 3,002 in 1961, 1,248 in 1971 and 39,355 in 1981. Commentators have suggested that the latter figure includes many who previously identified themselves as Turks. Meanwhile, the Association of Macedonian Muslims has claimed that since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> more than 70,000 Macedonian Muslims have been assimilated by other Muslim groups, most notably the Albanians.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_affiliation">Ethnic affiliation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ethnic affiliation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During censuses, Macedonian Muslims' ethnic identity varies. While some declare as ethnic Macedonians, some declare as Turks or Albanians despite not speaking Turkish or Albanian. Others declare as Bosniaks or Gorani,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with some declaring as Torbeš, Muslim Macedonians or Muslims. </p><p>There are some tensions with the Macedonian Christian community over the widespread association between Macedonian national identity and adherence to the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Orthodox_Church" title="Macedonian Orthodox Church">Macedonian Orthodox Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-perry_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Identity for Macedonian Muslims is often tied to a belonging to their respective villages/localities.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Yugoslavia, Slavic-speaking Muslims were allowed to register themselves for the first time as a separate ethnic group. This new form of identification was mostly used by Bosniaks, but also spread as a choice in Macedonia, where in 30,000-40,000 individuals identified themselves as Muslims in 1981 and 1991. This number dropped to ~14,000 in 1994. In the 2002 census, many Torbeši identified themselves with ethnic groups of their Muslim co-religionists: Albanians and Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamjanovski202130_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamjanovski202130-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2021_North_Macedonia_census" title="2021 North Macedonia census">2021 North Macedonia census</a> was the first to have a separate ethnic category for Torbeši; a total of 4,174 individuals in the country identified as such and a further 455 identified as "Muslim Macedonians". However, data at the municipal and settlement levels is not available for these groups. There were also 1,187 individuals who declared as <a href="/wiki/Muslims_by_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslims by nationality">Muslims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-T1006P21.px_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T1006P21.px-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Torbeši identified themselves as Turks, Albanians, and Bosniaks. </p><p>In municipalities containing the largest concentrations of Torbeš villages,<sup id="cite_ref-db_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-db-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 2021 census results were as follows for individuals who participated in the census: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th>Municipality </th> <th>Muslim (%)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Macedonian mother tongue (%)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Ethnic affiliations<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Centar_%C5%BDupa_Municipality" title="Centar Župa Municipality">Centar Župa</a> </td> <td align="right">99.4 </td> <td align="right">28.6 </td> <td align="right">Turk: 86.1%; Macedonian: 7.0%; Albanian 5.6%; Other 1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Debar_Municipality" title="Debar Municipality">Debar</a> </td> <td align="right">97.9 </td> <td align="right">32.1 </td> <td align="right">Albanian: 60.7%; Turk: 19.7%; Macedonian: 8.3%; Other 3.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mavrovo_and_Rostu%C5%A1a_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Mavrovo and Rostuša Municipality">Mavrovo and Rostuša</a> </td> <td align="right">79.2 </td> <td align="right">88.9 </td> <td align="right">Turk: 33.7%; Macedonian: 31.9%; Other: 23.2%; Albanian: 10.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plasnica_Municipality" title="Plasnica Municipality">Plasnica</a> </td> <td align="right">97.4% </td> <td align="right">0.30% (as declared in the census) </td> <td align="right">Turk: 97.13%; Macedonian: 0.23%; Other: 0%; Albanian: 0.31% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Struga_Municipality" title="Struga Municipality">Struga</a> </td> <td align="right">67.9 </td> <td align="right">46.7 </td> <td align="right">Albanian: 54.4%; Macedonian: 31.4%; Turk: 7.3%; Other: 5.1% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rostu%C5%A1e_11.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rostu%C5%A1e_11.JPG/250px-Rostu%C5%A1e_11.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rostu%C5%A1e_11.JPG/375px-Rostu%C5%A1e_11.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rostu%C5%A1e_11.JPG/500px-Rostu%C5%A1e_11.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The Old Mosque of <a href="/wiki/Rostu%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Rostuša">Rostuša</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oldest Macedonian newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Makedonija" title="Nova Makedonija">Nova Makedonija</a></i> was first published in 1944 in <a href="/wiki/Gorno_Vranovci" title="Gorno Vranovci">Gorno Vranovci</a>, a village that was inhabited by Torbeši at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Interethnic marriages are considered acceptable among Macedonian Muslims, whereas interreligious ones are not, though families are most likely to prefer marriage with those from within the nearby villages. Arranged marriage, common in the past, is now rare.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Torbeš consider their local cuisine to be "Macedonian cuisine", while it shares commonalities with neighboring Muslim groups such as dishes for weddings and religious holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_activities">Political activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Political activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The principal outlet for Macedonian Muslim political activities has been the Association of Macedonian Muslims. It was established in 1970 with the support of the authorities, probably as a means of keeping Macedonian Muslim aspirations in control.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Led by member of parliament Fiat Canoski, “organizations of Macedonians of Islamic religion… declared themselves as Torbeshi”. At the First Torbesh Forum, they adopted the “Torbesh Charter” and demanded separate inclusion in the preamble of the Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A controversy broke out in 1995 when the Albanian-dominated <i>Meshihat</i> or council of the Islamic community in North Macedonia declared that Albanian was the official language of Muslims in Macedonia. The decision prompted protests from the leaders and members of the Macedonian Muslim community.<sup id="cite_ref-perry_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ja%C5%A1ar_Ahmedovski" title="Jašar Ahmedovski">Jašar Ahmedovski</a>, Macedonian and Serbian singer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ip%C4%8De_Ahmedovski" title="Ipče Ahmedovski">Ipče Ahmedovski</a>, Macedonian and Serbian singer.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijat_Canoski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fijat Canoski (page does not exist)">Fijat Canoski</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="bg:Фият Цаноски">bg</a>]</span>, Macedonian politician.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakub_Selimoski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakub Selimoski (page does not exist)">Jakub Selimoski</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B1_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="bg:Якуб Селимовски">bg</a>]</span>, Yugoslav religious leader, reis-ul ulema.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aki_Rahimovski" title="Aki Rahimovski">Aki Rahimovski</a>, Croatian singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amel_Rustemoski" title="Amel Rustemoski">Amel Rustemoski</a>, Macedonian footballer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_Saitoski" title="Emir Saitoski">Emir Saitoski</a>, Macedonian footballer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menil_Velioski" title="Menil Velioski">Menil Velioski</a>, Macedonian singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semih_Kaya" title="Semih Kaya">Semih Kaya</a>, former Turkish footballer; his grandfather is a Torbeš</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edin_Nuredinoski" title="Edin Nuredinoski">Edin Nuredinoski</a>, Macedonian footballer.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">Macedonians (ethnic group)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Bulgarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Bulgarians">Muslim Bulgarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorani_(Kosovo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorani (Kosovo)">Gorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_North_Macedonia" title="Islam in North Macedonia">Islam in North Macedonia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">4,174 declared as Torbeš, 1,187 as <a href="/wiki/Muslims_by_ethnicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslims by ethnicity">Muslims</a> and 455 as Muslim Macedonians</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHugh2000" class="citation book cs1">Hugh, Poulton (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ppbuavUZKEwC&q=Macedonia+39555+1981&pg=PA124"><i>Who Are the Macedonians?</i></a>. Hurst & Company, London. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781850655343" title="Special:BookSources/9781850655343"><bdi>9781850655343</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Are+the+Macedonians%3F&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Hurst+%26+Company%2C+London&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781850655343&rft.aulast=Hugh&rft.aufirst=Poulton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DppbuavUZKEwC%26q%3DMacedonia%2B39555%2B1981%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPettifer1999" class="citation book cs1">Pettifer, James (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_OggDAAAQBAJ&q=Macedonia+39555+1981&pg=PA115"><i>The new Macedonian Question</i></a>. Macmillan Press Ltd. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230535794" title="Special:BookSources/9780230535794"><bdi>9780230535794</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+new+Macedonian+Question&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Macmillan+Press+Ltd&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780230535794&rft.aulast=Pettifer&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_OggDAAAQBAJ%26q%3DMacedonia%2B39555%2B1981%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-T1006P21.px-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-T1006P21.px_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-T1006P21.px_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://makstat.stat.gov.mk/PXWeb/pxweb/mk/MakStat/MakStat__Popisi__Popis2021__NaselenieSet/T1006P21.px/table/tableViewLayout2/">"Вкупно резидентно население во Република Северна Македонија според изјаснувањето за етничката припадност, по пол, Попис 2021"</a>. State Statistical office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%2C+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81+2021&rft.pub=State+Statistical+office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmakstat.stat.gov.mk%2FPXWeb%2Fpxweb%2Fmk%2FMakStat%2FMakStat__Popisi__Popis2021__NaselenieSet%2FT1006P21.px%2Ftable%2FtableViewLayout2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2005" class="citation book cs1">Gallagher, Tom (2005). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balkansnewmillen00gall"><i>The Balkans In The New Millennium: In the Shadow of War and Peace</i></a></span>. London: Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balkansnewmillen00gall/page/n105">85</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-34940-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-34940-0"><bdi>0-415-34940-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balkans+In+The+New+Millennium%3A+In+the+Shadow+of+War+and+Peace&rft.place=London&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-415-34940-0&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalkansnewmillen00gall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKappelerEdward_AllworthGerhard_SimonGeorg_Brunner1994" class="citation book cs1">Kappeler, Andreas; Edward Allworth; Gerhard Simon; Georg Brunner (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f1qUHMl3JfgC&pg=PA331"><i>Muslim communities reemerge: historical perspectives on nationality, politics, and opposition in the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia</i></a>. Duke University Press. p. 331. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-1490-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-1490-8"><bdi>0-8223-1490-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+communities+reemerge%3A+historical+perspectives+on+nationality%2C+politics%2C+and+opposition+in+the+former+Soviet+Union+and+Yugoslavia&rft.pages=331&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8223-1490-8&rft.aulast=Kappeler&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft.au=Edward+Allworth&rft.au=Gerhard+Simon&rft.au=Georg+Brunner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df1qUHMl3JfgC%26pg%3DPA331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoulton2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Poulton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Poulton (page does not exist)">Poulton, Hugh</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ppbuavUZKEwC&pg=PA124"><i>Who are the Macedonians?</i></a>. C. Hurst & Co. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85065-534-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85065-534-0"><bdi>1-85065-534-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+are+the+Macedonians%3F&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85065-534-0&rft.aulast=Poulton&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DppbuavUZKEwC%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-db-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-db_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-db_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-db_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDimitar_Bechev2019" class="citation book cs1">Dimitar Bechev (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5OSdDwAAQBAJ&dq=torbe%C5%A1+mavrovo&pg=PA291"><i>Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 291. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781538119624" title="Special:BookSources/9781538119624"><bdi>9781538119624</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+North+Macedonia&rft.pages=291&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781538119624&rft.au=Dimitar+Bechev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5OSdDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dtorbe%25C5%25A1%2Bmavrovo%26pg%3DPA291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKowan2000" class="citation book cs1">Kowan, J. (2000). <i>Macedonia: The Politics of Identity and Difference</i>. London: Pluto Press. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7453-1594-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7453-1594-1"><bdi>0-7453-1594-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macedonia%3A+The+Politics+of+Identity+and+Difference&rft.place=London&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7453-1594-1&rft.aulast=Kowan&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bNvbHCUs3tUC&dq=macedonian+muslims&pg=PA256"><i>Politics, Power and the Struggle for Democracy in South-East Europe</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. 1997. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521597333" title="Special:BookSources/9780521597333"><bdi>9780521597333</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics%2C+Power+and+the+Struggle+for+Democracy+in+South-East+Europe&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780521597333&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbNvbHCUs3tUC%26dq%3Dmacedonian%2Bmuslims%26pg%3DPA256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gPTYAwAAQBAJ&dq=macedonian+muslims&pg=PA287"><i>The Anthropological Field on the Margins of Europe, 1945-1991</i></a>. LIT Verlag. 2013. p. 287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783643905079" title="Special:BookSources/9783643905079"><bdi>9783643905079</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anthropological+Field+on+the+Margins+of+Europe%2C+1945-1991&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9783643905079&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgPTYAwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmacedonian%2Bmuslims%26pg%3DPA287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_OggDAAAQBAJ&dq=macedonian+muslims&pg=PA115"><i>The New Macedonian Question</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. 1999. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230535794" title="Special:BookSources/9780230535794"><bdi>9780230535794</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Macedonian+Question&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780230535794&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_OggDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmacedonian%2Bmuslims%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHugh_Poulton2000" class="citation book cs1">Hugh Poulton (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8_zeaeTOz6YC&dq=macedonian+muslims&pg=PA124"><i>Who Are the Macedonians?</i></a>. Indiana University Press. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253213594" title="Special:BookSources/9780253213594"><bdi>9780253213594</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Are+the+Macedonians%3F&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780253213594&rft.au=Hugh+Poulton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8_zeaeTOz6YC%26dq%3Dmacedonian%2Bmuslims%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkutsch2013" class="citation book cs1">Skutsch, Carl (2013-11-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yXYKAgAAQBAJ&q=turks+western+thrace+50+000&pg=PA974"><i>Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135193881" title="Special:BookSources/9781135193881"><bdi>9781135193881</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+World%27s+Minorities&rft.date=2013-11-07&rft.isbn=9781135193881&rft.aulast=Skutsch&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyXYKAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dturks%2Bwestern%2Bthrace%2B50%2B000%26pg%3DPA974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamjanovski202129-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamjanovski202129_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamjanovski2021">Damjanovski 2021</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*Damjanovski, Ivan (2021) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idscs.org.mk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Political-thought-62.pdf">Old Communities and New Controversies: the community of Macedonian-speaking Muslims between ethnicity and religion</a>, Political Thought 62: The term itself is etymologically problematic since there are numerous assumptions on its origin and meaning. Thus, in some accounts the ethnonym is linked with the name of an old Slavic tribe Torbachei, whilst other explanations relate the word with the Persian word torbekes which signifies a person ‘with a bag’. Other accounts correlate the word Torbesh with a specific cluster of public servants in the Turkish army that used to carry bags (torba oglanlari), whilst some scholars link the term with the Bogomil missionaries that carried bags (kutugeri)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZadrożna2013" class="citation journal cs1">Zadrożna, Anna (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4909745">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I am Muslim but I am the European One': Contextual Identities among Muslims from Western Macedonia in Everyday Practices and Narratives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_Journal_of_European_Cultures" title="Anthropological Journal of European Cultures">Anthropological Journal of European Cultures</a></i>. <b>22</b>: 37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3167%2Fajec.2013.220203">10.3167/ajec.2013.220203</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropological+Journal+of+European+Cultures&rft.atitle=%27I+am+Muslim+but+I+am+the+European+One%27%3A+Contextual+Identities+among+Muslims+from+Western+Macedonia+in+Everyday+Practices+and+Narratives.&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=37&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3167%2Fajec.2013.220203&rft.aulast=Zadro%C5%BCna&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4909745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">* Damjanovski, Ivan (2021) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idscs.org.mk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Political-thought-62.pdf">Old Communities and New Controversies: the community of Macedonian-speaking Muslims between ethnicity and religion</a>, Political Thought 62: Also there is a big number of ethnonyms ascribed to the Macedonian speaking Muslims. Amongst others, most notable ethnonyms that are used in different regional contexts in Macedona [sic] are: Nashintsi, Pomaks, Apovci, Poturi and Turks. However the most widespread ethnonym (which is also accepted in the academic and political circles) is Torbesh, although the term has polarizing effects on some parts of the Macedonian speaking Muslim community</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/en/carnegie/chapter1_1.html">Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars, published by the Endowment Washington, D.C. 1914, p.28, 155, 288, 317</a>, Лабаури, Дмитрий Олегович. Болгарское национальное движение в Македонии и Фракии в 1894-1908 гг: Идеология, программа, практика политической борьбы, София 2008, с. 184-186, Поп Антов, Христо. Спомени, Скопje 2006, с. 22-23, 28-29, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=bosnia;cc=bosnia;idno=ahy8710.0001.001;size=l;frm=frameset;seq=249;page=root;view=image">Дедиjeр, Jевто, Нова Србија, Београд 1913, с. 229</a>, Петров Гьорче, Материали по изучаванието на Македония, София 1896, с. 475 (Petrov, Giorche. Materials on the Study of Macedonia, Sofia, 1896, p. 475)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greekhelsinki.gr/pdf/cedime-se-macedonia-muslims.PDF">Center for Documentation and Information on Minorities in Europe - Southeast Europe (CEDIME-SE). Muslims of Macedonia. p. 2, 11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Лабаури, Дмитрий Олегович. Болгарское национальное движение в Македонии и Фракии в 1894-1908 гг: Идеология, программа, практика политической борьбы, София 2008, с. 184, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promacedonia.org/vk/vk_1_b2.htm">Кънчов, Васил. Македония. Етнография и статистика, с. 39-53 (Kanchov, Vasil. Macedonia — ethnography and statistics Sofia, 1900, p. 39-53)</a>,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/gall/ls/title.html">Leonhard Schultze Jena. «Makedonien, Landschafts- und Kulturbilder», Jena, G. Fischer, 1927</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fikret Adanir, Die Makedonische Frage: Ihre Entstehung und Entwicklung bis 1908, Wiesbaden 1979 (in Bulgarian: Аданър, Фикрет. Македонският въпрос, София2002, с. 20)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeRapper6-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeRapper6_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeRapper6_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Rapper2001" class="citation web cs1">De Rapper, Gilles (14–16 June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00291660">"The son of three fathers has no hat on his head. Life and social representations in a Macedonian village of Albania"</a>. University College London. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+son+of+three+fathers+has+no+hat+on+his+head.+Life+and+social+representations+in+a+Macedonian+village+of+Albania&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=University+College+London&rft.date=2001-06-14%2F2001-06-16&rft.aulast=De+Rapper&rft.aufirst=Gilles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshs.hal.science%2Fhalshs-00291660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pieroni2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pieroni2_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pieroni2_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPieroniCianfaglioneNedelchevaHajdari2014" class="citation journal cs1">Pieroni, Andrea; Cianfaglione, Kevin; Nedelcheva, Anely; Hajdari, Avni; Mustafa, Behxhet; Quave, Cassandra (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3998745">"Resilience at the border: traditional botanical knowledge among Macedonians and Albanians living in Gollobordo, Eastern Albania"</a>. <i>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</i>. <b>10</b> (31): 2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1746-4269-10-31">10.1186/1746-4269-10-31</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3998745">3998745</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24685013">24685013</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ethnobiology+and+Ethnomedicine&rft.atitle=Resilience+at+the+border%3A+traditional+botanical+knowledge+among+Macedonians+and+Albanians+living+in+Gollobordo%2C+Eastern+Albania&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=31&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3998745%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24685013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1746-4269-10-31&rft.aulast=Pieroni&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.au=Cianfaglione%2C+Kevin&rft.au=Nedelcheva%2C+Anely&rft.au=Hajdari%2C+Avni&rft.au=Mustafa%2C+Behxhet&rft.au=Quave%2C+Cassandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3998745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Rossos, Macedonia and the Macedonians: a history, Hoover Institution Press, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0817948813" title="Special:BookSources/0817948813">0817948813</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugh Poulton, Who are the Macedonians?, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1850652384" title="Special:BookSources/1850652384">1850652384</a>, pp. 29-31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZadrożna2013" class="citation journal cs1">Zadrożna, Anna (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4909745">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I am Muslim but I am the European One': Contextual Identities among Muslims from Western Macedonia in Everyday Practices and Narratives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_Journal_of_European_Cultures" title="Anthropological Journal of European Cultures">Anthropological Journal of European Cultures</a></i>. <b>22</b>: 41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3167%2Fajec.2013.220203">10.3167/ajec.2013.220203</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropological+Journal+of+European+Cultures&rft.atitle=%27I+am+Muslim+but+I+am+the+European+One%27%3A+Contextual+Identities+among+Muslims+from+Western+Macedonia+in+Everyday+Practices+and+Narratives.&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=41&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3167%2Fajec.2013.220203&rft.aulast=Zadro%C5%BCna&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4909745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDikici2008" class="citation journal cs1">Dikici, Ali (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13602000802011044">"The Torbeshes of Macedonia: Religious and National Identity Questions of Macedonian-Speaking Muslims"</a>. <i>Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs</i>. <b>28</b> (1): 27–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13602000802011044">10.1080/13602000802011044</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1360-2004">1360-2004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Muslim+Minority+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Torbeshes+of+Macedonia%3A+Religious+and+National+Identity+Questions+of+Macedonian-Speaking+Muslims&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=27-43&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13602000802011044&rft.issn=1360-2004&rft.aulast=Dikici&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F13602000802011044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJovan_Trifunovski1951" class="citation book cs1">Jovan Trifunovski (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodica.fzf.ukim.edu.mk/godzb/GZ04.1(1951)/GZ04.1.03.%20%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8,%20%D0%88.%20%D0%A4.%20-%20%D0%97%D0%B0%20%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.pdf"><i>ЗА ТОРБЕШИТЕ ВО ПОРЕЧИЕ ТО НА МАРКОВА РЕКА</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Saints Cyril and Methodius University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%90+%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%91%D0%95%D0%A8%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%95+%D0%92%D0%9E+%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%A7%D0%98%D0%95+%D0%A2%D0%9E+%D0%9D%D0%90+%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%90+%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%90&rft.pub=Saints+Cyril+and+Methodius+University&rft.date=1951&rft.au=Jovan+Trifunovski&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperiodica.fzf.ukim.edu.mk%2Fgodzb%2FGZ04.1%281951%29%2FGZ04.1.03.%2520%25D0%25A2%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%2C%2520%25D0%2588.%2520%25D0%25A4.%2520-%2520%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%2520%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2588%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%2520%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%2520%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%2520%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%2520%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%2520%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vidoeski214309339-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vidoeski214309339_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVidoeski1998" class="citation book cs1">Vidoeski, Božidar (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uv1JAAAAYAAJ"><i>Dijalektite na makedonskiot jazik. Vol. 1</i></a>. Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9989-649-50-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-9989-649-50-9"><bdi>978-9989-649-50-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dijalektite+na+makedonskiot+jazik.+Vol.+1&rft.pub=Makedonska+akademija+na+naukite+i+umetnostite&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-9989-649-50-9&rft.aulast=Vidoeski&rft.aufirst=Bo%C5%BEidar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUv1JAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span> p. 214. "Заедно со македонско христијанско население Торбеши живеат и во селата: Могорче, Требиште, Велебрдо, Ростуше, Јанче, Долно Косоврасти (во Река), Горенци, Житинени (во Жупа), Џепиште, Себишта, Пасинки, Големо и Мало Острени, Требишта, (во Голо Брдо),"; p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uv1JAAAAYAAJ">309</a>. "Во западна Македонија исламизирано македонско население живее во неколку географски региони на македонско-албанската пограничје:... Голо Брдо (Врмница, Владимирци, Гиновци, Клење, Лешничани, Љуболези, Големо и Мало Острени, Окштун, Отишани, Пасинки, Радовиште, Себишча, Српетово, Стеблево, Тучепи, Торбач, Џепишта)"; p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uv1JAAAAYAAJ">339</a>. "Во повеќето од спомнативе села живее население - со македонски и со албански мачин јазик. Албанското население доминира во северните голобрдски села (Себишта, Пасинки, Врмница, Големо и Мало Острени). Селата: Лешничани, Требиште, Српетово, Торбач, Љуболези, Владимирица и Тучепи се населени со Македонски муслимани (Торбеши), а во Себишта, Требиште, Г. и М. Острени живее мешано население - православни и Торбеши."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W8nxDAAAQBAJ&dq=torbesh+%22turkey%22&pg=PA272"><i>Ethnic Minorities and Politics in Post-Socialist Southeastern Europe</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. 2016. p. 272.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Minorities+and+Politics+in+Post-Socialist+Southeastern+Europe&rft.pages=272&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW8nxDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dtorbesh%2B%2522turkey%2522%26pg%3DPA272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Hakan_Yavuz2003" class="citation book cs1">M. Hakan Yavuz (31 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zNwJCAAAQBAJ&dq=torbesh+%22turkey%22&pg=PA284"><i>Islamic Political Identity in Turkey</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 47 & 284. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190289652" title="Special:BookSources/9780190289652"><bdi>9780190289652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Political+Identity+in+Turkey&rft.pages=47+%26+284&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003-07-31&rft.isbn=9780190289652&rft.au=M.+Hakan+Yavuz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzNwJCAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dtorbesh%2B%2522turkey%2522%26pg%3DPA284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehmet_BardakciAnnette_Freyberg-InanChristoph_GieselOlaf_Leisse2017" class="citation book cs1">Mehmet Bardakci; <a href="/wiki/Annette_Freyberg-Inan" title="Annette Freyberg-Inan">Annette Freyberg-Inan</a>; Christoph Giesel; Olaf Leisse (24 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=olQLDgAAQBAJ&dq=torbesh+%22turkey%22&pg=PA61"><i>Religious Minorities in Turkey</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137270269" title="Special:BookSources/9781137270269"><bdi>9781137270269</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Minorities+in+Turkey&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2017-01-24&rft.isbn=9781137270269&rft.au=Mehmet+Bardakci&rft.au=Annette+Freyberg-Inan&rft.au=Christoph+Giesel&rft.au=Olaf+Leisse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DolQLDgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dtorbesh%2B%2522turkey%2522%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S3zMCQAAQBAJ&dq=torbesh+%22turkey%22&pg=PA16"><i>Migration in the Southern Balkans</i></a>. Springer. 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319137193" title="Special:BookSources/9783319137193"><bdi>9783319137193</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Migration+in+the+Southern+Balkans&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9783319137193&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS3zMCQAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dtorbesh%2B%2522turkey%2522%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IhwkBgAAQBAJ&dq=torbesh+%22turkey%22&pg=PA351"><i>Историја и географија</i></a>. Институт за новију историју Србије,Географски институт "Јован Цвијић" САНУ. 2014. p. 351. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788670051256" title="Special:BookSources/9788670051256"><bdi>9788670051256</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.pages=351&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83+%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%2C%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%22%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B8%D1%9B%22+%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A3&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9788670051256&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIhwkBgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dtorbesh%2B%2522turkey%2522%26pg%3DPA351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanac1989" class="citation book cs1">Banac, Ivo (1989). <i>The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics</i>. Cornell University Press. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-9493-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-9493-1"><bdi>0-8014-9493-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+National+Question+in+Yugoslavia%3A+Origins%2C+History%2C+Politics&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-8014-9493-1&rft.aulast=Banac&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoulton1995" class="citation book cs1">Poulton, Hugh (1995). <i>Who Are the Macedonians?</i>. C. Hurst & Co. p. 124.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Are+the+Macedonians%3F&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Poulton&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBranislav_RadeljićMartina_Topić2015" class="citation book cs1">Branislav Radeljić; Martina Topić, eds. (2015). "Religious Polarization of Macedonian Modern Society". <i>Religion in the Post-Yugoslav Context</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexington Books">Lexington Books</a>. p. 129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Religious+Polarization+of+Macedonian+Modern+Society&rft.btitle=Religion+in+the+Post-Yugoslav+Context&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-perry-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-perry_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan M. Perry, "The Republic of Macedonia: finding its way", in <i>Politics, Power and the Struggle for Democracy in South-East Europe</i>, ed. Karen Dawisha, Bruce Parrott, p. 256. (Cambridge University Press, 1997)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZadrożna2013" class="citation journal cs1">Zadrożna, Anna (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4909745">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I am Muslim but I am the European One': Contextual Identities among Muslims from Western Macedonia in Everyday Practices and Narratives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_Journal_of_European_Cultures" title="Anthropological Journal of European Cultures">Anthropological Journal of European Cultures</a></i>. <b>22</b>: 48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3167%2Fajec.2013.220203">10.3167/ajec.2013.220203</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropological+Journal+of+European+Cultures&rft.atitle=%27I+am+Muslim+but+I+am+the+European+One%27%3A+Contextual+Identities+among+Muslims+from+Western+Macedonia+in+Everyday+Practices+and+Narratives.&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=48&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3167%2Fajec.2013.220203&rft.aulast=Zadro%C5%BCna&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4909745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamjanovski202130-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamjanovski202130_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamjanovski2021">Damjanovski 2021</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://makstat.stat.gov.mk/PXWeb/pxweb/mk/MakStat/MakStat__Popisi__Popis2021__NaselenieVkupno__Naselenie__EtnoKulturniKarakteristiki/T1012P21.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=391f4298-cffb-441f-ab02-65f4b712d1f9">"Вкупно резидентно население во Република Северна Македонија според изјаснувањето за религиската припадност, по пол, по општини, Попис 2021"</a>. State Statistical Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%2C+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81+2021&rft.pub=State+Statistical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmakstat.stat.gov.mk%2FPXWeb%2Fpxweb%2Fmk%2FMakStat%2FMakStat__Popisi__Popis2021__NaselenieVkupno__Naselenie__EtnoKulturniKarakteristiki%2FT1012P21.px%2Ftable%2FtableViewLayout2%2F%3Frxid%3D391f4298-cffb-441f-ab02-65f4b712d1f9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://makstat.stat.gov.mk/PXWeb/pxweb/mk/MakStat/MakStat__Popisi__Popis2021__NaselenieVkupno__Naselenie__EtnoKulturniKarakteristiki/T1015P21.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=391f4298-cffb-441f-ab02-65f4b712d1f9">"Вкупно резидентно население во Република Северна Македонија според мајчиниот јазик, по пол, по општини, Попис 2021"</a>. State Statistical Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82+%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%2C+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81+2021&rft.pub=State+Statistical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmakstat.stat.gov.mk%2FPXWeb%2Fpxweb%2Fmk%2FMakStat%2FMakStat__Popisi__Popis2021__NaselenieVkupno__Naselenie__EtnoKulturniKarakteristiki%2FT1015P21.px%2Ftable%2FtableViewLayout2%2F%3Frxid%3D391f4298-cffb-441f-ab02-65f4b712d1f9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://makstat.stat.gov.mk/PXWeb/pxweb/mk/MakStat/MakStat__Popisi__Popis2021__NaselenieVkupno__Naselenie__EtnoKulturniKarakteristiki/T1008P21.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=bbb33a5f-ef15-4c8d-bba9-b931af0dca1a">"Вкупно резидентно население во Република Северна Македонија според изјаснувањето за етничката припадност, по пол, по општини, Попис 2021"</a>. State Statistical Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%2C+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81+2021&rft.pub=State+Statistical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmakstat.stat.gov.mk%2FPXWeb%2Fpxweb%2Fmk%2FMakStat%2FMakStat__Popisi__Popis2021__NaselenieVkupno__Naselenie__EtnoKulturniKarakteristiki%2FT1008P21.px%2Ftable%2FtableViewLayout2%2F%3Frxid%3Dbbb33a5f-ef15-4c8d-bba9-b931af0dca1a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeith_Brown2018" class="citation book cs1">Keith Brown (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3_1ZDwAAQBAJ&dq=torbesi&pg=PT284"><i>The Past in Question Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691188430" title="Special:BookSources/9780691188430"><bdi>9780691188430</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Past+in+Question+Modern+Macedonia+and+the+Uncertainties+of+Nation&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780691188430&rft.au=Keith+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3_1ZDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dtorbesi%26pg%3DPT284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZadrożna2013" class="citation journal cs1">Zadrożna, Anna (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4909745">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I am Muslim but I am the European One': Contextual Identities among Muslims from Western Macedonia in Everyday Practices and Narratives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_Journal_of_European_Cultures" title="Anthropological Journal of European Cultures">Anthropological Journal of European Cultures</a></i>. <b>22</b>: 45–46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3167%2Fajec.2013.220203">10.3167/ajec.2013.220203</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropological+Journal+of+European+Cultures&rft.atitle=%27I+am+Muslim+but+I+am+the+European+One%27%3A+Contextual+Identities+among+Muslims+from+Western+Macedonia+in+Everyday+Practices+and+Narratives.&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=45-46&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3167%2Fajec.2013.220203&rft.aulast=Zadro%C5%BCna&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4909745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._Bielenin-Lenczowska2018" class="citation book cs1">K. Bielenin-Lenczowska (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B4wwDwAAQBAJ&dq=torbeshi&pg=PA122">"Torbeshi: From Reka to Ravenna"</a>. <i>Food Parcels in International Migration Intimate Connections</i>. Springer. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319403731" title="Special:BookSources/9783319403731"><bdi>9783319403731</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Torbeshi%3A+From+Reka+to+Ravenna&rft.btitle=Food+Parcels+in+International+Migration+Intimate+Connections&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9783319403731&rft.au=K.+Bielenin-Lenczowska&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB4wwDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dtorbeshi%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugh Poulton, "Changing Notions of National Identity among Muslims", in <i>Muslim Identity and the Balkan States</i>, ed. Hugh Poulton, Suha Taji-Farouki (C. Hurst & Co, 1997)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamjanovski2021" class="citation journal cs1">Damjanovski, Ivan (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.ukim.mk/handle/20.500.12188/15349">"Old Communities and New Controversies: the community of Macedonian-speaking Muslims between ethnicity and religion"</a>. <i>Political Thought</i>. <b>62</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Thought&rft.atitle=Old+Communities+and+New+Controversies%3A+the+community+of+Macedonian-speaking+Muslims+between+ethnicity+and+religion&rft.volume=62&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Damjanovski&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.ukim.mk%2Fhandle%2F20.500.12188%2F15349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorbe%C5%A1i" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torbe%C5%A1i&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027005618/http://geocities.com/yusuf.ismailov/">Literature about the Islam and the Muslims on the Balkans and in Southeast Europe</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived October 27, 2009) <span class="languageicon">(in Bulgarian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160103013428/www.greekhelsinki.gr/pdf/cedime-se-macedonia-muslims.PDF">Muslims of Macedonia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_North_Macedonia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_North_Macedonia" title="Template:Ethnic groups in North Macedonia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_North_Macedonia" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in North Macedonia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_North_Macedonia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in North Macedonia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_North_Macedonia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in North Macedonia">Ethnic groups in North Macedonia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">Macedonians</a></b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1,297,981)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officially recognised minorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanians in North Macedonia">Albanians</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(509,083)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Turks in North Macedonia">Turks</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(77,959)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_North_Macedonia" title="Romani people in North Macedonia">Romani</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(53,879)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_North_Macedonia" title="Serbs in North Macedonia">Serbs</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(35,939)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Bosniaks in North Macedonia">Bosniaks</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17,018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanians_in_North_Macedonia" title="Aromanians in North Macedonia">Aromanians</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9,695)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Makedonija_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Ethnic map of North Macedonia (2002)"><img alt="Ethnic map of North Macedonia (2002)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Makedonija_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002.gif/120px-Makedonija_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Makedonija_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002.gif/180px-Makedonija_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Makedonija_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002.gif/240px-Makedonija_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002.gif 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="3283" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic map of North Macedonia (2002)</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other minority groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arabs <span style="font-size:85%;">(6,300)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Egyptians" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan Egyptians">Balkan Egyptians</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3,713)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croats_in_North_Macedonia" title="Croats in North Macedonia">Croats</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2,686)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrins_of_North_Macedonia" title="Montenegrins of North Macedonia">Montenegrins</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2,003)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_North_Macedonia" title="Bulgarians in North Macedonia">Bulgarians</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1,417)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanians" title="Megleno-Romanians">Megleno-Romanians</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(< 1,000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Greeks in North Macedonia">Greeks</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(422)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_North_Macedonia" title="Armenians in North Macedonia">Armenians</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(~ 300)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_North_Macedonia" title="History of the Jews in North Macedonia">Jews</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(~ 200)</span></li> <li>Portuguese <span style="font-size:85%;">(18)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Macedonia" title="Demographics of North Macedonia">Demographics of North Macedonia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muslims_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Muslims" title="Template:European Muslims"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Muslims" title="Template talk:European Muslims"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Muslims" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Muslims"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muslims_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Muslims in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Majority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanians" title="Cham Albanians">Cham Albanians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorani_people" title="Gorani people">Gorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Germany" title="Kurds in Germany">in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_France" title="Kurds in France">in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_the_Netherlands" title="Kurds in the Netherlands">in the Netherlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims_(ethnic_group)" title="Muslims (ethnic group)">Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Caucasus)" title="Tat people (Caucasus)">Tats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Roma" title="Crimean Roma">Crimean Roma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Romania" title="Tatars of Romania">Dobrujan Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Tatars" title="Finnish Tatars">Finnish Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Lipka Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_the_Dodecanese" title="Turks of the Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Germany" title="Turks in Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Western Thracian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Europe" title="Turks in Europe">Other</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatars" title="Mishar Tatars">Mishar Tatars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCks" title="Yörüks">Yörüks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasian_languages" title="North Caucasian languages">North Caucasian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abazins" title="Abazins">Abazins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazians" title="Abkhazians">Abkhazians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghul_people" title="Aghul people">Aghuls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_people" title="Andi people">Andis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhvakh_people" title="Akhvakh people">Akhvakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archi_people" title="Archi people">Archis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avars_(Caucasus)" title="Avars (Caucasus)">Avars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagvalal_people" title="Bagvalal people">Bagvalals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezhta_people" title="Bezhta people">Bezhta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botlikh_people" title="Botlikh people">Botlikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budukh_people" title="Budukh people">Budukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamalal_people" title="Chamalal people">Chamalals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kist_people" title="Kist people">Kists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargins" title="Dargins">Dargins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinukh_people" title="Hinukh people">Hinukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunzib_people" title="Hunzib people">Hunzib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingush_people" title="Ingush people">Ingush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jek_people" title="Jek people">Jeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karata_people" title="Karata people">Karata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khinalug_people" title="Khinalug people">Khinalugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarshi_people" title="Khwarshi people">Khwarshis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryts_people" title="Kryts people">Kryts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laks_(Caucasus)" title="Laks (Caucasus)">Laks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgins" title="Lezgins">Lezgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutul_people" title="Rutul people">Rutuls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasaran_people" title="Tabasaran people">Tabasarans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakhur_people" title="Tsakhur people">Tsakhurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindi_people" title="Tindi people">Tindis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsez_people" title="Tsez people">Tsez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartvelian peoples">Kartvelian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uralic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Uralic peoples">Uralic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besermyan" title="Besermyan">Besermyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Europe" title="Arabs in Europe">in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccans_in_Spain" title="Moroccans in Spain">in Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_in_France" title="Berbers in France">in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_in_Belgium" title="Berbers in Belgium">in Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_in_the_Netherlands" title="Berbers in the Netherlands">in the Netherlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh" title="Dönmeh">Dönmeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Muslims" title="Bulgarian Muslims">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croat_Muslims" title="Croat Muslims">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Islam in Georgia (country)">Georgians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjarians" title="Adjarians">Adjarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingiloy_people" title="Ingiloy people">Ingiloys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Muslims" title="Greek Muslims">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallahades" title="Vallahades">Vallahades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Muslims" title="Cretan Muslims">Cretan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemshin_people" title="Hemshin people">Hemshenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Muslims">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghrebis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanians" title="Megleno-Romanians">Megleno-Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_Muslims" title="Ossetian Muslims">Ossetians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Romani_people" title="Muslim Romani people">Romani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arlije" title="Arlije">Arlije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkali_and_Balkan_Egyptians" title="Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians">Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Roma" title="Crimean Roma">Crimean Roma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_Muslims" title="Serb Muslims">Serbs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Slavic_ethnic_groups" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Slavic_ethnic_groups" title="Template:Slavic ethnic groups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Slavic_ethnic_groups" title="Template talk:Slavic ethnic groups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Slavic_ethnic_groups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Slavic ethnic groups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Slavic_ethnic_groups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic ethnic groups</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Creole_people" title="Alaskan Creole people">Alaskan Creoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusians_in_Latvia" title="Belarusians in Latvia">Belarusian Latvians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusians_in_Lithuania" title="Belarusians in Lithuania">Belarusian Lithuanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_minority_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian minority in Poland">Belarusian Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusians_in_Russia" title="Belarusians in Russia">Belarusian Russians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boykos" title="Boykos">Boykos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albazinians" title="Albazinians">Albazinians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baikal_Cossacks" title="Baikal Cossacks">Baikal 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title="Lemkos">Lemkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molokan" class="mw-redirect" title="Molokan">Molokans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlashuks" title="Podlashuks">Podlashuks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poleshuks" title="Poleshuks">Poleshuks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doukhobors" title="Doukhobors">Doukhobors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goryuns" title="Goryuns">Goryuns</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Russians" title="Harbin Russians">Harbin Russians</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchadals" title="Kamchadals">Kamchadals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamenschik" title="Kamenschik">Kamenschiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipovans" title="Lipovans">Lipovans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polekhs" title="Polekhs">Polekhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomors" title="Pomors">Pomors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semeiskie" title="Semeiskie">Semeiskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberians" title="Siberians">Siberians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_old-settlers" title="Russian old-settlers">Starozhily</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusyns" title="Rusyns">Rusyns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Rusyns" title="Pannonian Rusyns">Pannonian Rusyns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusyns_of_Romania" title="Rusyns of Romania">Rusyn Romanians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Podolyans" title="Podolyans">Podolyans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvin#Ethnic_group_in_Ukraine" title="Litvin">Litvins</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slavic_europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Slavic_europe.svg/100px-Slavic_europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="76" class="mw-file-element" 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<li><a href="/wiki/Slovincians" title="Slovincians">Slovincians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechites" title="Lechites">Lechites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masurians" title="Masurians">Masurians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravians" title="Moravians">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambers" title="Bambers">Bambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borderlands_Poles" title="Borderlands Poles">Borderlands Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bug_River_Poles" title="Bug River Poles">Bug River Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_people" title="Greater Poland people">Greater Poland people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaliszans" title="Kaliszans">Kaliszans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuyavians" title="Kuyavians">Kuyavians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Btaks" title="Taśtaks">Taśtaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kociewie#Kociewians" title="Kociewie">Kociewians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurpie" title="Kurpie">Kurpies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasovians" title="Lasovians">Lasovians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C4%99czycans" title="Łęczycans">Łęczycans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland_people" title="Lesser Poland people">Lesser Poland people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masovians" title="Masovians">Masovians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81owiczans" title="Łowiczans">Łowiczans</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzyrzec_Boyars" title="Międzyrzec Boyars">Międzyrzec Boyars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poborzans" title="Poborzans">Poborzans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Uplanders" title="Polish Uplanders">Polish Uplanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_minority_in_Russia" title="Polish minority in Russia">Russian Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%85cz_Lachs" title="Sącz Lachs">Sącz Lachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieradzans" title="Sieradzans">Sieradzans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmians_(ethnic_group)" title="Warmians (ethnic group)">Warmians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obotrites" title="Obotrites">Obotrites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhrpolen" title="Ruhrpolen">Ruhrpolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesians" title="Silesians">Silesians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cieszyn_Vlachs" title="Cieszyn Vlachs">Cieszyn Vlachs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbs" title="Sorbs">Sorbs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language" title="Lower Sorbian language">Lower Sorbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wends" title="Wends">Wends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wends_of_Texas" title="Wends of Texas">Texas Wends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Sorbian_language" title="Upper Sorbian language">Upper Sorbs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks_in_Albania" title="Bosniaks in Albania">Bosniak Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks_of_Croatia" title="Bosniaks of Croatia">Bosniak Croatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks_in_Kosovo" title="Bosniaks in Kosovo">Bosniak Kosovars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks_of_Montenegro" title="Bosniaks of Montenegro">Bosniak Montenegrins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks_of_Serbia" title="Bosniaks of Serbia">Bosniak Serbians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Bulgarians" title="Anatolian Bulgarians">Anatolian Bulgarians</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Bulgarians" title="Banat Bulgarians">Banat Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessarabian_Bulgarians" title="Bessarabian Bulgarians">Bessarabian Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Albania" title="Bulgarians in Albania">Bulgarian Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Croatia" title="Bulgarians in Croatia">Bulgarian Croatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Hungary" title="Bulgarians in Hungary">Bulgarian Hungarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Italy" title="Bulgarians in Italy">Bulgarian Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Bulgarians" title="Macedonian Bulgarians">Macedonian Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Bulgarians" title="Thracian Bulgarians">Thracian Bulgarians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunjevci" title="Bunjevci">Bunjevci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgenland_Croats" title="Burgenland Croats">Burgenland Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croat_Muslims" title="Croat Muslims">Croat Muslims</a></li> <li><a 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