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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iroquois_Indian-Poop_decoration_mg_8118.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Iroquois_Indian-Poop_decoration_mg_8118.jpg/220px-Iroquois_Indian-Poop_decoration_mg_8118.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Iroquois_Indian-Poop_decoration_mg_8118.jpg/330px-Iroquois_Indian-Poop_decoration_mg_8118.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Iroquois_Indian-Poop_decoration_mg_8118.jpg/440px-Iroquois_Indian-Poop_decoration_mg_8118.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2395" data-file-height="2894" /></a><figcaption>19th-century ship decoration of an Iroquois warrior sitting on a <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">turtle</a>, referencing the <a href="/wiki/World_Turtle" title="World Turtle">Great Turtle</a> that carries the Earth in Iroquois mythology. Made in the <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a> workshop of the naval arsenal in <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest, France</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>The History of the Haudenosaunee</b> includes the creation stories and folktales of the <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> who formed the confederacy of the Five Nations Iroquois, later the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Six Nations Iroquois Confederacy</a>. Historically, these stories were recorded in <a href="/wiki/Wampum" title="Wampum">wampum</a> and recited, only being written down later. In the written versions, the spellings of names differ due to <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> and spelling variations in European languages that were not yet standardized. Variants of the stories exist, reflecting different localities and times. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oral_traditions">Oral traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Oral traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Haudenosaunee have passed down their stories as a centuries-old <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral tradition</a>. Through these stories, listeners learn values, laws, and acceptable behaviors in their communities.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, "Girl Who Was Not Satisfied" is a traditional story about a girl who runs off with a man for his looks.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The moral of the story is to judge people based on their character, not their looks. The story also teaches people the importance of valuing what they already have. </p><p>Haudenosaunee storytelling is also entertainment and a way to preserve culture. The stories reflect the Iroquois' perception and understanding of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, the stories were poetic and delivered in metaphors. However, translations often lose the expressive qualities which existed in the original language.<sup id="cite_ref-Converse_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Converse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 10">: 10 </span></sup> It is also possible that <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> influenced the written mythologies.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1923, historian <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Parker" title="Arthur C. Parker">Arthur C. Parker</a> wrote, "There is an amazing lack of authentic material on Iroquois-folklore, though much of what arrogates this name itself has been written. The writers, however, have in general so glossed the native themes with poetic and literary interpretations that the material has shrunken in value and can scarcely be considered without many reservations."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each Haudenosaunee village had a Hage'ota or storyteller who was responsible for learning and memorizing the ganondas'hag or stories.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, no stories were told during the summer months in accordance with the law of the <span title="Seneca-language text"><i lang="see"><a href="/wiki/Jogah" title="Jogah">dzögä́:ö’</a></i></span> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Little People</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Violators were said to suffer an omen or great evils, such as a being stung on the lips by a bee or being strangled by a snake while sleeping.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Converse_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Converse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> The Haudenosaunee believed that telling the stories in summer would make the animals, plants, trees, and humans lazy, as work stops for a good story..<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stories">Stories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Stories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following are examples of Iroquois myths, as recorded by <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Maxwell_Converse" title="Harriet Maxwell Converse">Harriet Maxwell Converse</a> in 1908, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Parker" title="Arthur C. Parker">Arthur C. Parker</a> in 1923, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-Converse_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Converse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation">Creation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Earth was a thought in the mind of <span title="Seneca-language text"><i lang="see"><a href="/wiki/Hahgwehdiyu" title="Hahgwehdiyu">Hawëni:yo’</a></i></span> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> He Who Governs or The Ruler</span>), the ruler of a great island floating above the clouds.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The floating island is a place of calm where all needs are provided and there is no pain or death. The island's inhabitants hold council under a great apple tree.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hawëni:yo’ says, "Let us make a new place where another people can grow. Under our council tree is a great sea of clouds which calls out for light." He orders the uprooting of the council tree and he looks through the hole, down into the depths. He tells <span title="Seneca-language text"><i lang="see"><a href="/wiki/Atahensic" title="Atahensic">Awëöha’i’</a></i></span> (Mohawk:<span title="Mohawk-language text"><i lang="moh">Atsi’tsaká:ion</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Sky Woman</span>) to look down. Hearing the voice of the sea below calling, Hawëni:yo’ tells Awëöha’i’, who was pregnant, to bring it life. He wraps her in light and drops her down through the hole. </p><p>All the birds and animals who live in the great cloud sea are panicked. The Duck asks, "Where can it rest?" The Beaver replies, "Only the oeh-dah (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> earth</span>) from the bottom of our great sea can hold it. I will get some." The Beaver dives down but never returns. Then, the Duck tries, but its dead body floats to the surface. Many of the other birds and animals try and fail. </p><p>Finally, the Muskrat returns with some Oeh-dah in his paws. He says, "It's heavy. Who can support it?" The Turtle volunteers and the oeh-dah is placed on top of his shell. The birds fly up and carry Awëöha’i’ on their wings to the Turtle's back. This is how Hah-nu-nah, the Turtle, came to be the earth bearer. When he moves, the sea gets rough and the earth shakes.<sup id="cite_ref-Converse_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Converse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Do-yo-da-no">The Do-yo-da-no</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Do-yo-da-no"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once brought to the surface, the oeh-dah from the sea floor grows and forms an island. <a href="/wiki/Atahensic" title="Atahensic">Ata-en-sic</a> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Sky Woman</span>) goes to the island, knowing her time to give birth is near. She hears two voices under her heart. One voice is calm and quiet, but the other is loud and angry. Her children are the Do-yo-da-no or the <a href="/wiki/Twin" title="Twin">Twin</a> Gods. The good twin, <a href="/wiki/Hahgwehdiyu" title="Hahgwehdiyu">Hah-gweh-di-yu</a> or Teharonhiakwako (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Sapling</span>), is <a href="/wiki/Vaginal_delivery" title="Vaginal delivery">born normally</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-White_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Evil_twin" title="Evil twin">evil twin</a>, Hä-qweh-da-ět-gǎh or Sawiskera (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Flint</span>), forces his way out from under his mother's arm, <a href="/wiki/Matricide" title="Matricide">killing</a> her <a href="/wiki/Maternal_death" title="Maternal death">during childbirth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-White_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of Ata-en-sic, the island is shrouded in gloom. Hah-gweh-di-yu shapes the sky and creates the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> from his mother's face saying, "You shall rule here where your face will shine forever." However, Hä-qweh-da-ět-gǎh sets the great darkness in the west to drive down the Sun. Hah-gweh-di-yu then takes the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">stars</a>, his sisters, from his mother's breast and places them to guard the night sky. He gives his mother's body to the earth, the Great Mother from whom all life came. </p><p>Ga-gaah, the Crow, comes from the sun land carrying a grain of corn in his ear. Hah-gweh-di-yu plants the corn above his mother's body and it becomes the first grain. Ga-gaah hovers over the corn fields, guarding them against harm and claiming his share.<sup id="cite_ref-Converse_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Converse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Aid by assistants or subordinate spirits such as the <a href="/wiki/Wyandot_people" title="Wyandot people">Huron spirit Ioskeha</a>, Hah-gweh-di-yu creates the first people, heals disease, defeats <a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">demons</a>, and gives the Iroquois many magical and ceremonial rituals. Another of his gifts is <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>, a central part of the Iroquois religion. In contrast, Hä-qweh-da-ět-gǎh brings dangerous and destructive things to the world. Thus, the Do-yo-da-no creation myth is also about the behaviors and morals of people.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes">Notes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker says "The central tree in the heaven world was the apple." The apple tree was introduced to North America by European settlers. Elsewhere, Parker suggests that the story refers to the crab apple (wild apple).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker says: "Ata'-en'sic...s the Huron name for the first mother, and not that of the (confederated) Iroquois, The Senecas usually give this character no name other than Ea-gen'-tci, literally old woman or ancient body. This name is not a personal one, however. Mrs. Converse has therefore substituted the Huronian personal name for the Iroquoian common name."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other versions of the story say that Ata-en-sic gave birth to a daughter. This daughter was impregnated by the wind and gives birth to twins. After her death giving birth, she leaves her sons in the care of Ata-en-sic.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_De-oh-há-ko"><span id="The_De-oh-h.C3.A1-ko"></span>The De-oh-há-ko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The De-oh-há-ko"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Iroquois name De-oh-há-ko means Our Life or Our Supporters. Often called the <a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters</a>, the De-oh-há-ko are the spirits of the <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">beans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cucurbita" title="Cucurbita">squash</a>. </p><p>In one variant of the myth of Ata-en-sic, the Three Sisters grew from her daughter Tekawerahkwa's dead body. According to this version, Ata-en-sic has a daughter named Tekawerahkwa (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Earth Woman</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whom the west wind impregnates with Hah-gweh-di-yu and Hä-qweh-da-ět-gǎh. As Tekawerahkwa dies by childbirth, either she wishes for her body to sustain the people<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Ata-en-sic sows on her grave the seeds she had brought when she fell to Earth, but never planted before.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Tekawerahkwa's body parts grow various crops: the spirits of the corn, beans, and squash come from her breasts, hands, and navel respectively; <a href="/wiki/Common_sunflower" title="Common sunflower">sunflowers</a> from her legs; <a href="/wiki/Fragaria_virginiana" title="Fragaria virginiana">strawberries</a> from her heart; tobacco from her head; and <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">purple potatoes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_artichoke" title="Jerusalem artichoke">sunchokes</a> from her feet. </p><p>The Three Sisters appear as beautiful maidens. They are fond of each other and like to live near each other. This is an analogy to the three plants which are historically <a href="/wiki/Companion_planting" title="Companion planting">interplanted</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One day while O-na-tah, the spirit of the corn, is wandering alone, she is captured by the evil Hä-qweh-da-ět-gǎh. Hä-qweh-da-ět-gǎh sends one of his monsters to devastate the fields, and the other sisters run away. Hä-qweh-da-ět-gǎh holds O-na-tah captive in darkness under the earth until a searching ray of sunlight reached the surface. Back on the Earth's surface, she weeps over the devastation to her fields and her abandonment by her sisters. She vows to never again leave her fields, which she guards alone, without her sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is said that in 1779, the spirits of the Three Sisters visited <a href="/wiki/Seneca_people" title="Seneca people">Seneca</a> Chief <a href="/wiki/Handsome_Lake" title="Handsome Lake">Handsome Lake</a> as he wished to join the Iroquois lives lost to the US military's attacks. Inspired by the Three Sisters' visit, Handsome Lake returned to his community, re-teaching it the traditional Iroquois agricultural practices.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hé-no"><span id="H.C3.A9-no"></span>Hé-no</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hé-no"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%A9-no,_the_Iroquois_thunder_spirit.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/H%C3%A9-no%2C_the_Iroquois_thunder_spirit.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-H%C3%A9-no%2C_the_Iroquois_thunder_spirit.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/H%C3%A9-no%2C_the_Iroquois_thunder_spirit.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-H%C3%A9-no%2C_the_Iroquois_thunder_spirit.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/H%C3%A9-no%2C_the_Iroquois_thunder_spirit.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-H%C3%A9-no%2C_the_Iroquois_thunder_spirit.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9-no" title="Hé-no">Hé-no</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Cornplanter" title="Jesse Cornplanter">Jesse Cornplanter</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Iroquois mythology tells of <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9-no" title="Hé-no">Hé-no</a>, the spirit of thunder who brings rain to nourish the crops. The Iroquois address Hé-no as Tisote (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Grandfather</span>). He appears as a warrior, wearing on his head a magic feather that makes him invulnerable to the attacks of Hah-gweh-di-yu. On his back, he carries a basket filled with pieces of <a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">chert</a> which he throws at evil spirits and witches. </p><p>Hé-no lives in a cave under <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara Falls</a>. At that time, a young girl lives above the falls and is engaged to marry a disagreeable old man. Rather than marry, she climbs into a canoe and heads down the river. The girl and the canoe are carried over the falls; the canoe is seen falling to destruction, but the girl disappears. Hé-no and his two assistants catch her in a blanket and take her to his cave. One of the assistants is taken with her beauty and marries her. </p><p>Later, Hé-no rescues her village from a huge serpent that was devastating it with diseases. He lures the serpent to a spot on <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_River_(New_York)" title="Buffalo River (New York)">Buffalo Creek</a> where he strikes it with a thunderbolt. Fatally wounded, the serpent tries to escape to the safety of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a> but dies before he gets away. His body floats downstream to the head of Niagara Falls, stretching nearly across the river and arching backward to form a dam. The dammed water breaks the rocks, and the snake's body falls onto the rocks below. This forms <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_Falls" title="Horseshoe Falls">Horseshoe Falls</a> but destroys Hé-no's home in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jo-ga-oh">Jo-ga-oh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Jo-ga-oh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iroquois myths tell of the <span title="Seneca-language text"><i lang="see">dzögä́:ö’</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Jogah" title="Jogah">Jo-gä-oh</a>) or the Little People. The <span title="Seneca-language text"><i lang="see">dzögä́:ö’</i></span> are invisible nature spirits, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Fairy" title="Fairy">fairies</a> of European myth. They protect and guide the natural world and protect people from unseen hidden enemies. There are three tribes of <span title="Seneca-language text"><i lang="see">dzögä́:ö’</i></span>. </p><p>The first tribe is the <a href="/wiki/Mannegishi" title="Mannegishi">Ga-hon-ga</a> who inhabit rivers and rocks. They live in rocky caves beside streams and have great strength despite their small stature. The <a href="/wiki/Mannegishi" title="Mannegishi">Ga-hon-ga</a> enjoy feats of strength and enjoy inviting people to their habitations to compete in contests. They enjoy playing ball with rocks, tossing the rocks high in the air, so they are often called Stone Throwers. </p><p>The second tribe is the Gan-da-yah who protect and advise the fruits and grains. Throughout the growing season, the Gan-da-yah guards crops against disease and other pests. Their special gift is the strawberry plant; in the spring they loosen the earth so it can grow. They turn strawberry leaves toward the sun and guide their runners. When the strawberries ripen, the <span title="Seneca-language text"><i lang="see">Honödí:ön</i></span> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Company of Faith Keepers</span>) hold the spring festival with its nighttime dances of thanksgiving to the <span title="Seneca-language text"><i lang="see">dzögä́:ö’</i></span>. They sometimes visit the people in the form of a robin for good news, an owl for a warning, or a bat for an imminent life-and-death struggle. Believers in the Gan-da-yah say, "The most minute harmless insect or worm may be the bearer of important 'talk' from the 'Little People' and is not destroyed for the 'trail is broad enough for all<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"..<sup id="cite_ref-Converse_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Converse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The third tribe of <span title="Seneca-language text"><i lang="see">dzögä́:ö’</i></span> are the Oh-do-was, who inhabit the shadowy places under the earth. In this underworld, there are forests and animals, including a white buffalo. The Oh-do-was guard against poisonous snakes and creatures of death that try to escape from the underworld. Occasionally, the Oh-do-was emerge from the underworld at night and visit the world above where they hold festivals and dance in rings around trees. Afterward, grass will not grow in the ring.<sup id="cite_ref-Converse_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Converse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 101–107">: 101–107 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gǎ-oh"><span id="G.C7.8E-oh"></span>Gǎ-oh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gǎ-oh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iroquois myths tell of <a href="/wiki/Gaoh" title="Gaoh">Gaoh</a>, the personification of the wind. He is a giant and an "instrumentality through whom the <a href="/wiki/Great_Spirit" title="Great Spirit">Great Spirit</a> moves the elements".<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His home is in the far northern sky.<sup id="cite_ref-Converse_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Converse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He controls the four winds: north wind (Bear), west wind (Panther), east wind (Moose), and south wind (Fawn).<sup id="cite_ref-Converse_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Converse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The North Wind is personified by a <a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">bear</a> spirit named <a href="/wiki/Gaoh" title="Gaoh">Ya-o-gah</a>. Ya-o-gah can destroy the world with his fiercely cold breath but is kept in check by Gǎ-oh. Ne-o-ga, the south wind, is as "gentle, and kind as the sunbeam". The West Wind, the <a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">panther</a> Da-jo-ji, "can climb the high mountains, and tear down the forests...carry the whirlwind on [his] back, and toss the great sea waves high in the air, and snarl at the tempests". O-yan-do-ne, the east wind, blows his breath "to chill the young clouds as they float through the sky". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="So-son-do-wah">So-son-do-wah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: So-son-do-wah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Iroquois mythology, <a href="/wiki/Sosondowah" title="Sosondowah">So-son-do-wah</a> is a great <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunter</a>, known for stalking a supernatural <a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">elk</a>. He is captured by Dawn, a goddess who needs him as a watchman. So-son-do-wah falls in love with the human woman <a href="/wiki/Gendenwitha" title="Gendenwitha">Gendenwitha</a> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> She Who Brings the Day</span>, alternate spelling: <a href="/wiki/Gendenwitha" title="Gendenwitha">Gendewitha</a>). He tried to woo her with song. In spring, he sings as a <a href="/wiki/Bluebird" title="Bluebird">bluebird</a>, in summer as a <a href="/wiki/Icterid" title="Icterid">blackbird</a>, and in autumn as a <a href="/wiki/Hawk" title="Hawk">hawk</a>. The hawk tries to take Gendenwitha into the sky with him. However, Dawn ties So-son-do-wah to her doorpost. She changes Gendenwitha into the <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Morning Star</a>, so the hunter can watch her all night but never be with her. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flying_Head">Flying Head</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Flying Head"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Iroquois mythology tells of the <a href="/wiki/Flying_Head" title="Flying Head">Flying Head</a> (Mohawk <span title="Mohawk-language text"><i lang="moh">Kanontsistóntie</i></span>), a monster in the form of a giant disembodied head as tall as a man. It is covered with thick hair and has long black wings and long sharp claws. At night, the Flying Head comes to the homes of widows and orphans, beating its wings on the walls of the houses and issuing terrifying cries in an unknown language. A few days after the Flying Head visits, a death claims one of the family.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Seneca_people" title="Seneca people">Seneca</a> name for the Flying Head is <span title="Seneca-language text"><i lang="see">Takwánö'ë:yët</i></span>, meaning whirlwind.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HenoAndTheHornedSerpent.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/HenoAndTheHornedSerpent.png/220px-HenoAndTheHornedSerpent.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/HenoAndTheHornedSerpent.png/330px-HenoAndTheHornedSerpent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/HenoAndTheHornedSerpent.png/440px-HenoAndTheHornedSerpent.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>He-no attacking Djodi'kwado' by <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Cornplanter" title="Jesse Cornplanter">Jesse Cornplanter</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Djodi'kwado"><span id="Djodi.27kwado"></span>Djodi'kwado</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Djodi'kwado"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Iroquois mythology, Djodi'kwado' is a <a href="/wiki/Horned_Serpent" title="Horned Serpent">horned serpent</a> who inhabits the depths of rivers and lakes. He is capable of taking the form of a man and seducing young women. He is prominent in the tales "Thunder Destroys Horned Snake".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "The Horned Serpent Runs Away with a Young Wife who is Rescued by the Thunderer".<sup id="cite_ref-Parker_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 218–222">: 218–222 </span></sup> In the latter, he appears as a helpful being, although his help is less than useful. Hé-no attacks and may have killed Djodi'kwado'.<sup id="cite_ref-Parker_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 223–227">: 223–227 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuscarora_legend">Tuscarora legend</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tuscarora legend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Byrd_II" title="William Byrd II">William Byrd II</a> recorded a tradition of a former religious leader from the <a href="/wiki/Tuscarora_people" title="Tuscarora people">Tuscarora</a> tribe, in his <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_the_Dividing_Line" title="The History of the Dividing Line">History of the Dividing Line Betwixt North Carolina and Virginia</a></i> (1728), The Tuscarora are an <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquoian</a>-speaking tribe, historically settled in <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, that migrated to the Iroquois Confederacy in New York because of warfare. According to Byrd: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[H]owever, their God, being unwilling to root them out for their crimes, did them the honour to send a Messenger from <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a> to instruct them, and set Them a perfect Example of Integrity and kind Behavior towards one another. But this holy Person, with all his Eloquence and Sanctity of Life, was able to make very little Reformation amongst them. Some few Old Men did listen a little to his Wholesome Advice, but all the Young fellows were quite incorrigible. They not only Neglected his Precepts, but derided and Evil Entreated his Person. At last, taking upon him to reprove some Young Rakes of the Conechta Clan very sharply for their impiety, they were so provok'd at the Freedom of his Rebukes, that they tied him to a Tree, and shot him with Arrows through the Heart. But their God took instant vengeance on all who had a hand in that Monstrous Act, by <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a> from Heaven, & has ever since visited their Nation with a continued Train of Calamities, nor will he ever leave off punishing, and wasting their people, till he shall have blotted every living Soul of them out of the World.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Three_Brothers">The Three Brothers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Three Brothers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is an Iroquois sun myth about three brothers who tire of being on Earth and decide to chase the Sun into the sky. Two of the brothers succeed, with the third succeeding in spirit only. The Sun Spirit remakes and tests the two brothers, who stay in the realm of the sky for many years. They eventually miss their home and return, only to find that many years have passed. With everything they knew either changed or gone, they long to return to the realm of the sky. They return to the sky when they are struck by lightning, as earthly perils could not harm them.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Peacemaker" title="Great Peacemaker">Great Peacemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_mythology" title="Seneca mythology">Seneca mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Island_(Indigenous_North_American_folklore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turtle Island (Indigenous North American folklore)">Turtle Island (Indigenous North American folklore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaasyendietha" title="Gaasyendietha">Gaasyendietha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_2">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker says Gǎ-oh lives in the west.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroquois_mythology&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indigenouspeople.net/lived.htm">"The Boy Who Lived With the Bears"</a>. <i>Indigenous People</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indigenous+People&rft.atitle=The+Boy+Who+Lived+With+the+Bears&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indigenouspeople.net%2Flived.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIroquois+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://the-office.com/bedtime-story/iroquois-simplethings.htm">"Iroquois: The Girl Who Was Not Satisfied With Simple Things"</a>. <i>Bedtime-Story For the Busy Business-Parent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bedtime-Story+For+the+Busy+Business-Parent&rft.atitle=Iroquois%3A+The+Girl+Who+Was+Not+Satisfied+With+Simple+Things&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthe-office.com%2Fbedtime-story%2Firoquois-simplethings.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIroquois+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWonderley2004" class="citation book cs1">Wonderley, Anthony (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9D0z42QgrxkC&pg=PR11"><i>Oneida Iroquois Folklore, Myth, and History: New York Oral Narrative from the Notes of H. E. Allen and Others</i></a>. Syracuse University Press. pp. xviii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815608301" title="Special:BookSources/9780815608301"><bdi>9780815608301</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oneida+Iroquois+Folklore%2C+Myth%2C+and+History%3A+New+York+Oral+Narrative+from+the+Notes+of+H.+E.+Allen+and+Others&rft.pages=xviii&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780815608301&rft.aulast=Wonderley&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9D0z42QgrxkC%26pg%3DPR11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIroquois+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Converse-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Converse_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Converse_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Converse_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Converse_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Converse_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Converse_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Converse_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Converse_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Converse_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConverseParker1908" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Maxwell_Converse" title="Harriet Maxwell Converse">Converse, Harriet Maxwell (Ya-ie-wa-no)</a>; Parker, Arthur Caswell (Ga-wa-so-wa-neh) (December 15, 1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924055492973">"Myths and Legends of the New York State Iroquois"</a>. <i>Education Department Bulletin</i>. University of the State of New York: 10–17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Nov 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Education+Department+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Myths+and+Legends+of+the+New+York+State+Iroquois&rft.pages=10-17&rft.date=1908-12-15&rft.aulast=Converse&rft.aufirst=Harriet+Maxwell+%28Ya-ie-wa-no%29&rft.au=Parker%2C+Arthur+Caswell+%28Ga-wa-so-wa-neh%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924055492973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIroquois+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichter1985" class="citation journal cs1">Richter, Daniel K. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/482090">"Iroquois versus Iroquois: Jesuit Missions and Christianity in Village Politics, 1642-1686"</a>. <i>Ethnohistory</i>. <b>32</b> (1): 1–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F482090">10.2307/482090</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/482090">482090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnohistory&rft.atitle=Iroquois+versus+Iroquois%3A+Jesuit+Missions+and+Christianity+in+Village+Politics%2C+1642-1686&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-16&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F482090&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F482090%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Richter&rft.aufirst=Daniel+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F482090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIroquois+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker1923" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Arthur Caswell (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/senecamythsfolkt00park"><i>Seneca Myths and Folk Tales</i></a>. Buffalo, New York: Buffalo Historical Society. pp. xvii<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">Mythology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythologies" title="List of mythologies">Mythologies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian mythology">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabian mythology">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology">Aboriginal Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion" title="Traditional Berber religion">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology">Baltic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latvian_mythology" title="Latvian mythology">Latvian</a> - <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian</a> - <a href="/wiki/Prussian_mythology" title="Prussian mythology">Prussian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_mythology" title="Basque mythology">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu mythology">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_mythology" title="Brazilian mythology">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_mythology" title="Buddhist mythology">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan mythology">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_mythology" title="Cantabrian mythology">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_mythology" title="Breton mythology">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_mythology" title="Cornish mythology">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_mythology" title="Scottish mythology">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mythology" title="Chinese mythology">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_mythology" title="Efik mythology">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_mythology" title="English mythology">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_mythology" title="Estonian mythology">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_in_France" title="Mythology in France">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_mythology" title="Germanic mythology">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_paganism" title="Frankish paganism">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_paganism" title="Gothic paganism">Gothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches#Religion_and_mythology" title="Guanches">Guanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_mythology" title="Hungarian mythology">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Indonesia" title="Mythology of Indonesia">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Italy" title="Mythology of Italy">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mythology" title="Japanese mythology">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_mythology" title="Korean mythology">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" title="Lugbara mythology">Lugbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_mythology" title="Lusitanian mythology">Lusitanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasai mythology">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_mythology" title="Malagasy mythology">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" title="Mbuti mythology">Mbuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_mythology" title="Meitei mythology">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_mythology" title="Mesopotamian mythology">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_mythology" title="Mongol mythology">Mongol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American mythology">Native American</a> <ul><li>Algonquian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_mythology" title="Abenaki mythology">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_mythology" title="Blackfoot mythology">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape_mythology" title="Lenape mythology">Lenape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_mythology" title="Aztec mythology">Aztec</a></li> <li>Californian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_mythology" title="Miwok mythology">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_mythology" title="Ohlone mythology">Ohlone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan%C3%A1_mythology" title="Chaná mythology">Chaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_mythology" title="Chilote mythology">Chilote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_mythology" title="Choctaw mythology">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_mythology" title="Creek mythology">Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_mythology" title="Guarani mythology">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_mythology" title="Haida mythology">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuit mythology">Inuit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iroquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_mythology" title="Maya mythology">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca</a></li> <li>Pacific Northwest <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw_mythology" title="Kwakwakaʼwakw mythology">Kwakwakaʼwakw</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plains Indians <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk_mythology" title="Ho-Chunk mythology">Ho-Chunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_mythology" title="Lakota mythology">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_mythology" title="Pawnee mythology">Pawnee</a></li></ul></li> <li>Puebloan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_mythology" title="Hopi mythology">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_mythology" title="Zuni mythology">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_mythology" title="Selk'nam mythology">Selk'nam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talamancan_mythology" title="Talamancan mythology">Talamancan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_mythology" title="Ossetian mythology">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_mythology" title="Papuan mythology">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_mythology" title="Persian mythology">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_mythology" title="Philippine mythology">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_mythology" title="Proto-Indo-European mythology">Proto-Indo-European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Uralic_religion" title="Proto-Uralic religion">Proto-Uralic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian mythology">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic mythology">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_mythology" title="Somali mythology">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_mythology" title="Talysh mythology">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_folk_religion" title="Tai folk religion">Tai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_folklore" title="Thai folklore">Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_mythology" title="Tibetan mythology">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_mythology" title="Vietnamese mythology">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="West African religion">West African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_myth" title="Flood myth">Flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_myth" title="National myth">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_myth" title="Origin myth">Origin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creation_myths" title="List of creation myths">Creations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_legendary_creatures" title="Lists of legendary creatures">Creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_feral_children" title="List of fictional feral children">Feral children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flood_myths" title="List of flood myths">Floods</a></li> <li>Heroes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culture_heroes" title="List of culture heroes">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_heroes" title="List of folk heroes">Folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_objects" title="List of mythological objects">Objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_pairs" title="List of mythological pairs">Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_places" title="List of mythological places">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythology_books_and_sources" title="List of mythology books and sources">Sources</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">Legendary creature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_creatures_by_type" title="List of legendary creatures by type">Type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_progenitor" title="Legendary progenitor">Legendary progenitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twins_in_mythology" title="Twins in mythology">Twins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_hero" title="Culture hero">Culture hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_hero" title="Folk hero">Folk hero</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_mythology" title="Comparative mythology">Comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euhemerism" title="Euhemerism">Euhemerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_folk-epics" title="List of world folk-epics">Epics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_mythology" title="Lower mythology">Lower mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-mythology" title="Pseudo-mythology">Pseudo-mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">Religion and mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iroquois_Confederacy" title="Template:Iroquois Confederacy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iroquois_Confederacy" title="Template talk:Iroquois Confederacy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iroquois_Confederacy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iroquois Confederacy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="League_of_the_Iroquois" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">League of the Iroquois</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_people" title="Cayuga people">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onondaga_people" title="Onondaga people">Onondaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_people" title="Oneida people">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_people" title="Seneca people">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscarora_people" title="Tuscarora people">Tuscarora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haudenosaunee_Clan_Mother" title="Haudenosaunee Clan Mother">Clan Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois" title="Economy of the Iroquois">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_ethnobotany" title="Iroquois ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Iroquois_Confederacy" title="Flag of the Iroquois Confederacy">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiawatha" title="Hiawatha">Hiawatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquoian_languages" title="Iroquoian languages">Languages</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenda" title="Orenda">Orenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Law_of_Peace" title="Great Law of Peace">Great Law of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Peacemaker" title="Great Peacemaker">Great Peacemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigonhsasee" title="Jigonhsasee">Jigonhsasee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_passport" title="Iroquois passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_settlement_of_the_north_shore_of_Lake_Ontario" title="Iroquois settlement of the north shore of Lake Ontario">Settlement of the northern shores of Lake Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadodaho" title="Tadodaho">Tadodaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Peace" title="Tree of Peace">Tree of Peace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lists_of_mythological_figures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_mythological_figures_by_region" title="Template:List of mythological figures by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_mythological_figures_by_region" title="Template talk:List of mythological figures by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_mythological_figures_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of mythological figures by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lists_of_mythological_figures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Lists of mythological figures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities_by_cultural_sphere" title="Lists of deities by cultural sphere">By geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_mythological_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African mythological figures">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-Islamic_Arabian_deities" title="List of pre-Islamic Arabian deities">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology#Pantheon" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Aboriginal_mythological_figures" title="List of Australian Aboriginal mythological figures">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aztec_gods_and_supernatural_beings" title="List of Aztec gods and supernatural beings">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Basque_mythological_figures" title="List of Basque mythological figures">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_mythology" title="Batak mythology">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion#Deities" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_myths_and_legends" title="Catalan myths and legends">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_deities" title="Celtic deities">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_deities" title="List of Celtic deities">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_mythology" title="Choctaw mythology">Chahta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_gods_and_immortals" title="Chinese gods and immortals">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_mythology" title="Efik mythology">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities" title="Ancient Egyptian deities">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Egyptian_mythology_articles" title="Index of Egyptian mythology articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_deities" title="List of Egyptian deities">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elam#List_of_Elamite_gods" title="Elam">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_mythology#Estonian_mythological_and_literary_mythological_beings,_deities_and_legendary_heroes" title="Estonian mythology">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Etruscan_mythological_figures" title="List of Etruscan mythological figures">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology#Heroes,_gods_and_spirits" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Germanic_deities" title="List of Germanic deities">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglo-Saxon_deities" title="List of Anglo-Saxon deities">Anglo-Saxon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of Greek mythological figures">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mycenaean_deities" title="List of Mycenaean deities">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches#System_of_beliefs" title="Guanches">Guanche</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Haudenosaunee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_the_Hawaiian_religion" title="List of figures in the Hawaiian religion">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebridean_mythology_and_folklore" title="Hebridean mythology and folklore">Hebridean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian-origin religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_deities" title="List of Hindu deities">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Rigvedic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_deities" title="Buddhist deities">Buddhist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_Buddhist_Pantheon" title="Template:Chinese Buddhist Pantheon">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_pantheon" title="Japanese Buddhist pantheon">Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Jainism" title="God in Jainism">Jain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tirthankaras" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tirthankaras">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_deities" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei deities">Meitei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deities_in_Sanamahism" title="List of deities in Sanamahism">List</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion#List_of_Hittite_deities" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_mythology" title="Hungarian mythology">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hurrian_deities" title="List of Hurrian deities">Hurrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_deities" title="List of Indonesian deities">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_mythological_figures" title="List of Irish mythological figures">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_deities" title="List of Japanese deities">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassite_deities" title="Kassite deities">Kassite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_mythology" title="Komi mythology">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_mythology" title="Korean mythology">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lakota_deities" title="List of Lakota deities">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lithuanian_gods_and_mythological_figures" title="List of Lithuanian gods and mythological figures">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_deities" title="List of Māori deities">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahiti_and_Society_Islands_mythology" title="Tahiti and Society Islands mythology">Māʻohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maya_gods_and_supernatural_beings" title="List of Maya gods and supernatural beings">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mesopotamian_deities" title="List of Mesopotamian deities">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_mythology" title="Creek mythology">Muskogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_(deity)" title="Nat (deity)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_deities" title="List of Native American deities">Native American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Zapotec_deities" title="List of Zapotec deities">Zapotec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_mythology" title="Ossetian mythology">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shahnameh_characters" title="List of Shahnameh characters">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_mythological_figures" title="List of Philippine mythological figures">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_deities" title="Purépecha deities">Purépecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_deities" title="List of Roman deities">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Sami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_mythology" title="Samoan mythology">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slavic_deities" title="List of Slavic deities">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkic_mythological_figures" title="List of Turkic mythological figures">Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_mythology" title="Tuvaluan mythology">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ugaritic_deities" title="List of Ugaritic deities">Ugaritic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vainakh_religion" title="Vainakh religion">Vainakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yoruba_deities" title="List of Yoruba deities">Yoruba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_deities_by_classification" title="List of deities by classification">By association</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agricultural_deities" title="List of agricultural deities">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_deities" title="List of art deities">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beauty_deities" title="List of beauty deities">Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_gods" title="Chaos gods">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_deities" title="Dawn deities">Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_deity" title="Creator deity">Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_death_deities" title="List of death deities">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earth_deities" title="List of earth deities">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_and_fate_deities" title="Time and fate deities">Fate and Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fertility_deities" title="List of fertility deities">Fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fire_deities" title="List of fire deities">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fortune_deities" title="List of fortune deities">Fortune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_health_deities" title="List of health deities">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_deity" title="Household deity">Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hunting_deities" title="List of hunting deities">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_gods" title="King of the gods">King of the gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_knowledge_deities" title="List of knowledge deities">Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_light_deities" title="List of light deities">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liminal_deity" title="Liminal deity">Liminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_love_and_lust_deities" title="List of love and lust deities">Love and Lust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_deity" title="Lunar deity">Moon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_deities" title="List of lunar deities">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_god" title="National god">Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nature_deities" title="List of nature deities">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_night_deities" title="List of night deities">Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">Psychopomp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rain_deities" title="List of rain deities">Rain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dying-and-rising_deity" class="mw-redirect" title="Dying-and-rising deity">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_deity" title="Sky deity">Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithing_gods" title="Smithing gods">Smithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">Sun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_solar_deities" title="List of solar deities">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_thunder_gods" title="List of thunder gods">Thunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tree_deities" title="List of tree deities">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickster" title="Trickster">Trickery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_tricksters" title="List of fictional tricksters">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deity" title="Tutelary deity">Tutelary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetation_deity" title="Vegetation deity">Vegetation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_deity" title="Volcano deity">Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_war_deities" title="List of war deities">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_water_deities" title="List of water deities">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_god" title="Weather god">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_deities" title="List of wind deities">Wind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" 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