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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definition_of_size_asymmetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition_of_size_asymmetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definition of size asymmetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition_of_size_asymmetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_versus_biological" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_versus_biological"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Economic versus biological</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_versus_biological-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Computer resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Natural</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labour_or_human_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labour_or_human_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Labour or human resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labour_or_human_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capital_or_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_or_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Capital or infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_or_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tangible_versus_intangible" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tangible_versus_intangible"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tangible versus intangible</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tangible_versus_intangible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_and_sustainable_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_and_sustainable_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Use and sustainable development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_and_sustainable_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Resource</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="مورد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مورد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurslar" title="Resurslar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Resurslar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="संसाधन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="संसाधन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81" title="Ресурс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ресурс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chouviri" title="Chouviri – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chouviri" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurse" title="Resurse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Resurse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ressource" title="Ressource – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ressource" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ressursid" title="Ressursid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ressursid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurso" title="Recurso – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Recurso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurso" title="Resurso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Resurso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="منبع – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منبع" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9B%90" title="자원 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="संसाधन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संसाधन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurs" title="Resurs – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Resurs" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumber_daya" title="Sumber daya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sumber daya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91" title="משאב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משאב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumber_daya" title="Sumber daya – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sumber daya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81" title="Ресурс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ресурс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurss" title="Resurss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Resurss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forr%C3%A1s" title="Forrás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Forrás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Ресурси – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ресурси" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumber" title="Sumber – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sumber" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestaansmiddelen" title="Bestaansmiddelen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bestaansmiddelen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90" title="資源 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="資源" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ressurs" title="Ressurs – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ressurs" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurslar" title="Resurslar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Resurslar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਵਸੀਲਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਸੀਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zasoby_(zarz%C4%85dzanie)" title="Zasoby (zarządzanie) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zasoby (zarządzanie)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomikal%C4%B1q_resurslar" title="Ekonomikalıq resurslar – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ekonomikalıq resurslar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81" title="Ресурс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ресурс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burimi" title="Burimi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Burimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resources" title="Resources – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Resources" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Ресурси – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ресурси" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurs" title="Resurs – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Resurs" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurssi" title="Resurssi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Resurssi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurs" title="Resurs – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Resurs" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="மூலவளங்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூலவளங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="ทรัพยากร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทรัพยากร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Ресурси – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ресурси" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0i_nguy%C3%AAn" title="Tài nguyên – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tài nguyên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90" title="資源 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="資源" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="资源 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="资源" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1554231#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Resource_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Resource (disambiguation)">Resource (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><b><span lang="en" dir="ltr"><i>Resource</i></span></b> refers to all the materials available in our environment which are <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technologically</a> accessible, <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economically</a> feasible and <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culturally</a> <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainable</a> and help us to satisfy our needs and wants. Resources can broadly be classified according to their availability as <a href="/wiki/Renewable_resource" title="Renewable resource">renewable</a> or national and international resources. An item may become a resource with technology. The benefits of resource utilization may include increased wealth, proper functioning of a system, or enhanced well. From a human perspective, a regular resource is anything to satisfy human needs and wants.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ricklefs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricklefs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concept of resources has been developed across many established areas of work, in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">management</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Human_resources" title="Human resources">human resources</a> for example - linked to the concepts of <a href="/wiki/Competition" title="Competition">competition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">conservation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stewardship" title="Stewardship">stewardship</a>. In application within human <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commercial</a> or non-commercial factors require <a href="/wiki/Resource_allocation" title="Resource allocation">resource allocation</a> through <a href="/wiki/Resource_management" title="Resource management">resource management</a>. </p><p>The concept of resources can also be tied to the direction of <a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">leadership</a> over resources; this may include human resources issues, for which leaders are responsible, in managing, supporting, or directing those matters and the resulting necessary actions. For example, in the cases of <a href="/wiki/Profession" title="Profession">professional groups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Innovation_leadership" title="Innovation leadership">innovative leaders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technology_management" title="Technology management">technical experts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Archives_management" title="Archives management">archiving expertise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academic_administration" title="Academic administration">academic management</a>, association management, <a href="/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">business management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_administration" title="Health administration">healthcare management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_administration" title="Military administration">military management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">public administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">spiritual leadership</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networking">social networking</a> administration. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_of_size_asymmetry">Definition of size asymmetry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resource&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition of size asymmetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Resource competition can vary from completely symmetric (all individuals receive the same amount of resources, irrespective of their size, known also as <a href="/wiki/Scramble_competition" title="Scramble competition">scramble competition</a>) to perfectly size symmetric (all individuals exploit the same amount of resource per unit biomass) to absolutely size asymmetric (the largest individuals exploit all the available resource). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_versus_biological">Economic versus biological</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resource&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Economic versus biological"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three fundamental differences between economic versus ecological views: 1) the economic resource definition is human-centered (<a href="/wiki/Anthropocentrism" title="Anthropocentrism">anthropocentric</a>) and the biological or ecological resource definition is nature-centered (<a href="/wiki/Biocentrism_(ethics)" title="Biocentrism (ethics)">biocentric</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ecocentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecocentric">ecocentric</a>); 2) the economic view includes desire along with necessity, whereas the biological view is about basic biological needs; and 3) economic systems are based on markets of currency exchanged for goods and services, whereas biological systems are based on natural processes of growth, maintenance, and reproduction.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Computer_resources">Computer resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resource&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Computer resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Resource_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource (computer science)">Resource (computer science)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Computer_Resource_Reference_Model_Simplified.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Computer_Resource_Reference_Model_Simplified.jpg/220px-Computer_Resource_Reference_Model_Simplified.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Computer_Resource_Reference_Model_Simplified.jpg/330px-Computer_Resource_Reference_Model_Simplified.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Computer_Resource_Reference_Model_Simplified.jpg/440px-Computer_Resource_Reference_Model_Simplified.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of computer resources</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Resource_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource (computer science)">computer resource</a> is any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Information_management" title="Information management">information management</a> system. Computer resources include means for input, processing, output, communication, and storage.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural">Natural</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resource&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Natural"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">Natural resource</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natural_underground_water_resource.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Natural_underground_water_resource.jpg/220px-Natural_underground_water_resource.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Natural_underground_water_resource.jpg/330px-Natural_underground_water_resource.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Natural_underground_water_resource.jpg/440px-Natural_underground_water_resource.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Underground water, a natural resource, seen here coming out of a pipe in <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <p>Natural resources are derived from the <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environment</a>. Many natural resources are essential for human survival, while others are used to satisfy human desire. Conservation is the management of <a href="/wiki/Natural_resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural resources">natural resources</a> with the goal of <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a>. Natural resources may be further classified in different ways.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Resources can be categorized based on origin: </p> <ul><li>Abiotic resources comprise non-living things (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Land_(economics)" title="Land (economics)">land</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Air">air</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerals">minerals</a> such as gold, iron, copper, silver).</li> <li>Biotic resources are obtained from the <a href="/wiki/Biosphere" title="Biosphere">biosphere</a>. Forests and their products, animals, birds and their products, <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> and other marine organisms are important examples. <a href="/wiki/Minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerals">Minerals</a> such as coal and <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> are sometimes included in this category because they were formed from fossilized organic matter, over long periods.</li></ul> <p>Natural resources are also categorized based on the stage of development: </p> <ul><li>Potential resources are known to exist and may be used in the future. For example, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> may exist in many parts of India and Kuwait that have sedimentary rocks, but until the time it is actually drilled out and put into use, it remains a potential resource.</li> <li>Actual resources are those, that have been surveyed, their quantity and quality determined, and are being used in present times. For example, petroleum and natural gas are actively being obtained from the Mumbai High Fields. The development of an actual resource, such as <a href="/wiki/Wood_processing" title="Wood processing">wood processing</a> depends on the technology available and the <a href="/wiki/Cost" title="Cost">cost</a> involved. That part of the actual resource that can be developed profitably with the available technology is known as a reserve resource, while that part that can not be developed profitably due to a lack of technology is known as a stock resource.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Combustibles_fossiles.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Combustibles_fossiles.png/220px-Combustibles_fossiles.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Combustibles_fossiles.png/330px-Combustibles_fossiles.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Combustibles_fossiles.png/440px-Combustibles_fossiles.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Various fossil fuels, a nonrenewable resource - oil, coal, and natural gas</figcaption></figure> <p>Natural resources can be categorized based on renewability: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-renewable_resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-renewable resources">Non-renewable resources</a> are formed over very long <a href="/wiki/Geological_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological period">geological periods</a>. Minerals and fossils are included in this category. Since their formation rate is extremely slow, they cannot be replenished, once they are <a href="/wiki/Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">depleted</a>. Even though metals can be recycled and reused, whereas petroleum and gas cannot, they are still considered non-renewable resources.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable resources">Renewable resources</a>, such as forests and fisheries, can be replenished or reproduced relatively quickly. The highest rate at which a resource can be used sustainably is the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_yield" title="Sustainable yield">sustainable yield</a>. Some resources, such as sunlight, air, and wind, are called perpetual resources because they are available continuously, though at a limited rate. Human consumption does not affect their quantity. Many renewable resources can be depleted by human use, but may also be replenished, thus maintaining a flow. Some of these, such as crops, take a short time for renewal; others, such as water, take a comparatively longer time, while others, such as forests, need even longer periods.</li></ul> <p>Depending upon the speed and quantity of consumption, overconsumption can lead to depletion or the total and everlasting destruction of a resource. Important examples are agricultural areas, fish and other animals, forests, healthy water and soil, cultivated and natural landscapes. Such conditionally renewable resources are sometimes classified as a third kind of resource or as a subtype of renewable resources. Conditionally renewable resources are presently subject to excess human consumption and the only sustainable long-term use of such resources is within the so-called <a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">zero ecological footprint</a>, where humans use less than the Earth's ecological capacity to regenerate. </p><p>Natural resources are also categorized based on distribution: </p> <ul><li>Ubiquitous resources are found everywhere (for example, air, light, and water).</li> <li>Localized resources are found only in certain parts of the world (for example metal ores and geothermal power).</li></ul> <p>Actual vs. potential natural resources are distinguished as follows: </p> <ul><li>Actual resources are those resources whose location and quantity are known and we have the technology to exploit and use them.</li> <li>Potential resources are those of which we have insufficient knowledge or do not have the technology to exploit them at present.</li></ul> <p>Based on ownership, resources can be classified as individual, community, national, and international. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labour_or_human_resources">Labour or human resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resource&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Labour or human resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OCHCO_Human_Capital_Conference_2018_(40082937450).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/OCHCO_Human_Capital_Conference_2018_%2840082937450%29.jpg/220px-OCHCO_Human_Capital_Conference_2018_%2840082937450%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/OCHCO_Human_Capital_Conference_2018_%2840082937450%29.jpg/330px-OCHCO_Human_Capital_Conference_2018_%2840082937450%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/OCHCO_Human_Capital_Conference_2018_%2840082937450%29.jpg/440px-OCHCO_Human_Capital_Conference_2018_%2840082937450%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="971" /></a><figcaption>The 2018 OCHCO Human Capital Conference</figcaption></figure> <p>In economics, labor or <a href="/wiki/Human_resources" title="Human resources">human resources</a> refers to the human work in the production of goods and rendering of services. Human resources can be defined in terms of skills, energy, talent, abilities, or knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a <a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">project management</a> context, human resources are those employees responsible for undertaking the activities defined in the project plan.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capital_or_infrastructure">Capital or infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resource&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Capital or infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, <b>capital goods</b> or <b>capital</b> are "those durable produced goods that are in turn used as <a href="/wiki/Factors_of_production" title="Factors of production">productive inputs</a> for further production" of goods and services.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A typical example is the machinery used in a <a href="/wiki/Factory" title="Factory">factory</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomics" title="Macroeconomics">macroeconomic</a> level, "the nation's <b>capital stock</b> includes buildings, equipment, software, and inventories during a given year."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Capitals are the most important economic resource. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tangible_versus_intangible">Tangible versus intangible</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resource&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tangible versus intangible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whereas, tangible resources such as equipment have an actual physical existence, intangible resources such as corporate images, brands and patents, and other intellectual properties exist in abstraction.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_and_sustainable_development">Use and sustainable development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resource&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Use and sustainable development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typically resources cannot be consumed in their original form, but rather through <b>resource development</b> they must be processed into more usable commodities and usable things. The demand for resources is increasing as economies develop. There are marked differences in resource distribution and associated <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a> between regions or countries, with developed countries using more natural resources than developing countries. <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a> is a pattern of resource use, that aims to meet human needs while preserving the <a href="/wiki/Environment_(biophysical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment (biophysical)">environment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sustainable development means that we should exploit our resources carefully to meet our present requirement without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The practice of the three R's – reduce, reuse, and recycle must be followed to save and extend the availability of resources. </p><p>Various problems are related to the usage of resources: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">Environmental degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Over-consumption">Over-consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_curse" title="Resource curse">Resource curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">Resource depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons" title="Tragedy of the commons">Tragedy of the commons</a></li></ul> <p>Various benefits can result from the wise usage of resources: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">Economic growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">Ethical consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity" title="Prosperity">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">Quality of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth" title="Wealth">Wealth</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resource&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource_management" title="Natural resource management">Natural resource management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource-based_view" title="Resource-based view">Resource-based view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resource&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Miller-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">WanaGopa - Nyawakan<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_G.T.S._Spoolman2011" class="citation book cs1">Miller, G.T. & S. Spoolman (2011). <i>Living in the Environment: Principles, Connections, and Solutions</i> (17th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks-Cole. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-538-73534-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-538-73534-6"><bdi>978-0-538-73534-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+in+the+Environment%3A+Principles%2C+Connections%2C+and+Solutions&rft.place=Belmont%2C+CA&rft.edition=17th&rft.pub=Brooks-Cole&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-538-73534-6&rft.au=Miller%2C+G.T.&rft.au=S.+Spoolman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResource" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ricklefs-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ricklefs_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicklefs2005" class="citation book cs1">Ricklefs, R.E. (2005). <i>The Economy of Nature</i> (6th ed.). New York, NY: WH Freeman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7167-8697-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7167-8697-4"><bdi>0-7167-8697-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Economy+of+Nature&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=WH+Freeman&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7167-8697-4&rft.aulast=Ricklefs&rft.aufirst=R.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResource" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morley, D. 2010. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th ed. Course Technology, Stamford, CT. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-538-74810-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-538-74810-9">0-538-74810-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2004-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2004_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuelson, P.A. and W.D. Nordhaus. 2004. Economics, 18th ed. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Boston, MA. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-287205-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-287205-5">0-07-287205-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHut,_PM2008" class="citation web cs1">Hut, PM (2008-09-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pmhut.com/getting-and-estimating-resource-requirements-people">"Getting and Estimating Resource Requirements - People"</a>. Pmhut.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Getting+and+Estimating+Resource+Requirements+-+People&rft.pub=Pmhut.com&rft.date=2008-09-07&rft.au=Hut%2C+PM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmhut.com%2Fgetting-and-estimating-resource-requirements-people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResource" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Samuelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul A. Samuelson">Samuelson, Paul A.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_D._Nordhaus" class="mw-redirect" title="William D. Nordhaus">Nordhaus, William D.</a> (2001), 17th ed. <a href="/wiki/Economics_(textbook)" title="Economics (textbook)"><i>Economics</i></a>, p. 270. McGraw-Hill.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuelson, Paul A., and Nordhaus, William D.(2001), 17th ed. <a href="/wiki/Economics_(textbook)" title="Economics (textbook)"><i>Economics</i></a>, p. 442. McGraw-Hill.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berry, John. 2004. <i>Tangible Strategies for Intangible Assets</i>. McGraw-Hill. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0071412865" title="Special:BookSources/978-0071412865">978-0071412865</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resource&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Kolbert" title="Elizabeth Kolbert">Elizabeth Kolbert</a>, "Needful Things: The raw materials for the world we've built come at a cost" (largely based on <a href="/wiki/Ed_Conway" title="Ed Conway">Ed Conway</a>, <i>Material World: The Six Raw Materials That Shape Modern Civilization</i>, Knopf, 2023; <a href="/wiki/Vince_Beiser" title="Vince Beiser">Vince Beiser</a>, <i>The World in a Grain</i>; and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chip_Colwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chip Colwell (page does not exist)">Chip Colwell</a>, <i>So Much Stuff: How Humans Discovered Tools, Invented Meaning, and Made More of Everything</i>, Chicago), <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, 30 October 2023, pp. 20–23. Kolbert mainly discusses the importance to modern civilization, and the finite sources of, six <a href="/wiki/Raw_material" title="Raw material">raw materials</a>: high-purity <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> (needed to produce <a href="/wiki/Silicon_chip" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon chip">silicon chips</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> (which Conway lumps together with another <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a>. Kolbert summarizes archeologist Colwell's review of the evolution of <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a>, which has ended up giving the <a href="/wiki/Global_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Global North">Global North</a> a superabundance of "stuff", at an unsustainable cost to the world's <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environment</a> and reserves of raw materials.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resource&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/resource" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:resource"><i>resource</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">Pollution / quality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Ambient_Air_Quality_Standards" title="National Ambient Air Quality Standards">Ambient standards <span style="font-size:85%;">(US)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_quality_index" title="Air quality index">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_air_quality" title="Indoor air quality">Indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_quality_law" title="Air quality law">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act <span style="font-size:85%;">(US)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">Ozone depletion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">Emissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airshed" title="Airshed">Airshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emissions_trading" title="Emissions trading">Trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reducing_emissions_from_deforestation_and_forest_degradation" class="mw-redirect" title="Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation">Deforestation (REDD)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioenergy" title="Bioenergy">Bio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_law" title="Energy law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">Fossil fuels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fuel_gas" title="Fuel gas">gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peak_coal" title="Peak coal">peak coal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peak_gas" title="Peak gas">peak gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peak_oil" title="Peak oil">peak oil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy" title="Geothermal energy">Geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">Hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">Solar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">sunlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shade_(shadow)" title="Shade (shadow)">shade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Land" title="Land">Land</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_land" title="Agricultural land">Agricultural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peak_farmland" title="Peak farmland">peak farmland</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">Degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_(agriculture)" title="Field (agriculture)">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape" title="Landscape">Landscape</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cityscape" title="Cityscape">cityscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seascape" title="Seascape">seascape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soundscape" title="Soundscape">soundscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewshed" title="Viewshed">viewshed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_law" title="Land law">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">property</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_management" title="Land management">Management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_conservation" title="Habitat conservation">habitat conservation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">Minerals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gemstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_mineral" title="Industrial mineral">industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">ore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mining_law" title="Mining law">law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_mining" title="Sand mining">sand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_minerals" title="Peak minerals">peak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peak_copper" class="mw-redirect" title="Peak copper">copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_phosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peak phosphorus">phosphorus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_rights" title="Mineral rights">rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">Soil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soil_conservation" title="Soil conservation">conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_fertility" title="Soil fertility">fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_health" title="Soil health">health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_resilience" title="Soil resilience">resilience</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_use" title="Land use">Use</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land-use_planning" title="Land-use planning">planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_space_reserve" title="Open space reserve">reserve</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life">Life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioprospecting" title="Bioprospecting">Bioprospecting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biopiracy" title="Biopiracy">biopiracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere" title="Biosphere">Biosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushfood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushfood">Bushfood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushmeat" title="Bushmeat">Bushmeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">Fisheries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_fisheries" title="Climate change and fisheries">climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_law" title="Fisheries law">law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">Forests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forest_genetic_resources" title="Forest genetic resources">genetic resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_law" title="Forestry law">law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_management" title="Forest management">management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-timber_forest_product" title="Non-timber forest product">non-timber products</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Game (food)">Game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_law" title="Game law">law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation" title="Marine conservation">Marine conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadow" title="Meadow">Meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasture" title="Pasture">Pasture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant Treaty">FAO Plant Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_genetic_resources" title="Plant genetic resources">genetic resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_bank" title="Gene bank">gene banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plants_used_in_herbalism" title="List of plants used in herbalism">herbal medicines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPOV" class="mw-redirect" title="UPOV">UPOV Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangeland" title="Rangeland">Rangeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_bank" title="Seed bank">Seed bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife" title="Wildlife">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_conservation" title="Wildlife conservation">conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_management" title="Wildlife management">management</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">Types / location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">Aquifer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquifer_storage_and_recovery" title="Aquifer storage and recovery">storage and recovery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">Drinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">Fresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">Groundwater</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Groundwater_pollution" title="Groundwater pollution">pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundwater_recharge" title="Groundwater recharge">recharge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundwater_remediation" title="Groundwater remediation">remediation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrosphere" title="Hydrosphere">Hydrosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">Ice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iceberg" title="Iceberg">bergs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glacial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_ice_cap" title="Polar ice cap">polar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Huerta" title="Huerta">huerta</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_resources" title="Marine resources">Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">Rain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainwater_harvesting" title="Rainwater harvesting">harvesting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormwater" title="Stormwater">Stormwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_water" title="Surface water">Surface water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">Sewage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_water" title="Reclaimed water">reclaimed water</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Watershed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desalination" title="Desalination">Desalination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">Floods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Water law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaching_(agriculture)" title="Leaching (agriculture)">Leaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">Sanitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Improved_sanitation" title="Improved sanitation">improved</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Scarcity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_security" title="Water security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">Supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_efficiency" title="Water efficiency">Efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_conflict" title="Water conflict">Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_conservation" title="Water conservation">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_water" title="Peak water">Peak water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">Pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_privatization" title="Water privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_quality" title="Water quality">Quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_right" title="Water right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources" title="Water resources">Resources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Improved_water_source" title="Improved water source">improved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resource_policy" title="Water resource policy">policy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commons" title="Commons">Commons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enclosure" title="Enclosure">enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_commons" title="Global commons">global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_land" title="Common land">land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons" title="Tragedy of the commons">tragedy of</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource_economics" title="Natural resource economics">Economics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_economics" title="Ecological economics">ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_(economics)" title="Land (economics)">land</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecosystem_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecosystem services">Ecosystem services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_of_natural_resources" title="Exploitation of natural resources">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overexploitation" title="Overexploitation">overexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource_management" title="Natural resource management">Management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_management" title="Adaptive management">adaptive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_capital" title="Natural capital">Natural capital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_capital_accounting" title="Natural capital accounting">accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_good" title="Environmental good">good</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_heritage" title="Natural heritage">Natural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">Nature reserve</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remnant_natural_area" title="Remnant natural area">remnant natural area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_ecology" title="Systems ecology">Systems ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_ecology" title="Urban ecology">Urban ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilderness" title="Wilderness">Wilderness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resource</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common-pool_resource" title="Common-pool resource">Common-pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_resource" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflict resource">Conflict <span style="font-size:85%;">(perpetuation)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_curse" title="Resource curse">Curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">Depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_extraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource extraction">Extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_nationalism" title="Resource nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_resource" title="Renewable resource">Renewable</a> / <a href="/wiki/Non-renewable_resource" title="Non-renewable resource">Non-renewable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oil_war" title="Oil war">Oil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrostate" title="Petrostate">Petrostate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_war" title="Resource war">Resource war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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