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Daily briefing: Why the man behind a ‘mouse utopia’ disappeared from the scientific literature
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itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <span itemprop="name">article</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li> </ol> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="u-container u-mt-32 u-mb-32 u-clearfix article-page--news" id="content"> <div class="container-type-article" data-container-type="article" data-component="article-container"> <main class="c-article-main-column u-float-left"> <article class="article-item article-item--open" data-track-component="news" lang="en"> <div class="c-article-header"> <header> <div class="c-article-header__restrict"> <ul class="c-article-identifiers" data-test="article-identifier"> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item" data-test="article-category"><span class="c-article-identifiers__type">NATURE BRIEFING</span></li> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item"><time datetime="2024-11-21">21 November 2024</time></li> </ul> <h1 class="c-article-magazine-title">Daily briefing: Why the man behind a ‘mouse utopia’ disappeared from the scientific literature</h1> <div class="u-clearfix"> <div class="c-article-teaser-text"> We learn that our friends, and our friends’ friends, have an influence on our gut microbiome and revisit the work of a once-influential behavioural researcher. </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-article-author-list-container u-clearfix"> <ul class="c-article-author-list c-article-author-list--short" data-test="authors-list" data-component-authors-activator="authors-list"> By <li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-label="view author info" href="#author-0" data-author-popup="author-0" > Jacob Smith</a></li> </ul> <div class="u-js-hide u-hide-print cleared" data-test="author-info"> <ol class="c-article-authors-listing u-list-reset"> <li class="c-article-authors-listing__item"> <span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Jacob Smith</span> <div id="author-0"> <div class="c-article-authors-search__list"> <div 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data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/briefing/signup/" data-track-category="body text link">Sign up here</a>.</p><figure class="figure"><picture class="embed intensity--high"><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.nature.com/lw767/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03861-w/d41586-024-03861-w_27714932.jpg?as=webp 767w, //media.nature.com/lw319/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03861-w/d41586-024-03861-w_27714932.jpg?as=webp 319w" sizes="(max-width: 319px) 319px, (min-width: 1023px) 100vw, 767px"></source><img class="figure__image" alt="Digitally enhanced 3D MRI scan of a human brain." loading="lazy" src="//media.nature.com/lw767/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03861-w/d41586-024-03861-w_27714932.jpg"></img><figcaption><p class="figure__caption u-sans-serif"><span>Credit: K H Fung/Science Photo Library</span></p></figcaption></picture></figure><h2><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03707-5" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03707-5" data-track-category="body text link"><b>Schizophrenia drug trialled in Alzheimer’s</b></a></h2><p>The drug KarXT, sold as Cobenfy, gained regulatory approval in the United States in September, making it the first approved schizophrenia drug targeting muscarinic receptors found throughout the brain and body. Hailed by some as a new era of psychiatric medicine, pharma company Bristol Myers Squibb is now <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03707-5" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03707-5" data-track-category="body text link">trialling the drug to treat psychosis associated with Alzheimer’s disease</a>. KarXT’s active ingredient acts on muscarinic M1 receptors, which are linked to cognition, and M4 receptors, which are most strongly associated with antipsychotic effects.</p><p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03707-5" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03707-5" data-track-category="body text link">Nature | 6 min read</a></p><h2><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03804-5" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03804-5" data-track-category="body text link"><b>What’s a few gut microbes between friends?</b></a></h2><p>The more people interact, the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03804-5" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03804-5" data-track-category="body text link">more similar the make-up of their gut microorganisms is, even if they don’t live together</a>. In villages in Honduras, where interactions are mainly face to face and people have minimal exposure to antibiotics and processed foods, those living in the same house share up to almost 14% of the microbial strains in their guts. Those who don’t live together but regularly see one another share 10%. Friends of friends also shared more than was expected by chance, suggesting that the social contacts of our social contacts also influence our microbiome.</p><p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03804-5" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03804-5" data-track-category="body text link">Nature | 5 min read</a></p><p>Reference: <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08222-1" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08222-1" data-track-category="body text link"><i>Nature</i> </a><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08222-1" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08222-1" data-track-category="body text link">paper</a></p><h2><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03817-0" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03817-0" data-track-category="body text link"><b>A malaria vaccine given by mosquito bite</b></a></h2><p>A trial is looking at delivering malaria immunity through bites from mosquitoes infected with modified versions of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, one of the parasites that cause the disease. The parasites are genetically engineered to stop developing around six days after they enter the body, during a crucial phase of infection where they replicate in liver cells. In the trial, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03817-0" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03817-0" data-track-category="body text link">almost 90% of participants exposed to the modified parasites avoided contracting the disease</a> after being bitten by malaria-transmitting mosquitoes.</p><p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03817-0" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03817-0" data-track-category="body text link">Nature | 4 min read</a></p><p>Reference: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2313892" data-track="click" data-label="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2313892" data-track-category="body text link"><i>New England Journal of Medicine</i></a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2313892" data-track="click" data-label="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2313892" data-track-category="body text link"> paper</a></p><h2><b>Features & opinion</b></h2><h2><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/nov/21/the-mad-egghead-who-built-a-mouse-utopia-john-b-calhoun" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/nov/21/the-mad-egghead-who-built-a-mouse-utopia-john-b-calhoun" data-track-category="body text link"><b>The forgotten architect of ‘mouse utopia’</b></a></h2><p>In the late 1960s, ethologist John Calhoun constructed ‘Universe 25’, an intricate housing structure for mice that he used to study overpopulation. His results, detailing a ‘behavioural sink’ — abnormal behaviours following a population explosion and subsequent decline — were discussed in the US Senate, influenced city planning and even inspired a children’s book. But <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/nov/21/the-mad-egghead-who-built-a-mouse-utopia-john-b-calhoun" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/nov/21/the-mad-egghead-who-built-a-mouse-utopia-john-b-calhoun" data-track-category="body text link">Calhoun’s popularity hasn’t stood the test of time</a>. He stopped publishing in renowned journals and the notion that studies of animals should influence human policy decisions fell out of favour, leaving references to his work almost absent from today’s scientific literature.</p><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/nov/21/the-mad-egghead-who-built-a-mouse-utopia-john-b-calhoun" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/nov/21/the-mad-egghead-who-built-a-mouse-utopia-john-b-calhoun" data-track-category="body text link">The Guardian | 12 min read</a></p><p>Reference: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/00359157730661p202" data-track="click" data-label="https://doi.org/10.1177/00359157730661p202" data-track-category="body text link"><i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine</i></a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/00359157730661p202" data-track="click" data-label="https://doi.org/10.1177/00359157730661p202" data-track-category="body text link"> paper</a> (from 1973)</p><h2><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03753-z" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03753-z" data-track-category="body text link"><b>How to thwart ‘forever chemicals’</b></a></h2><p>The carbon–fluorine (C–F) bond is one of the strongest in organic chemistry, and the reason why per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which contain many of them, are called ‘forever chemicals’. PFAS have a myriad of uses, but they also require huge amounts of energy to break down, which is also hugely costly. Now two papers in <i>Nature</i> describe different <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03753-z" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03753-z" data-track-category="body text link">low-energy ways to overcome the C–F bond using catalysts activated by visible light</a>. A <i>Nature</i> editorial urges scientists to upscale these processes for real-world settings, and also advocates for updated regulation and for more research into safer alternatives.</p><p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03753-z" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03753-z" data-track-category="body text link">Nature | 5 min read</a></p><p>Reference: <a href="https://rdcu.be/d0VX3" data-track="click" data-label="https://rdcu.be/d0VX3" data-track-category="body text link"><i>Nature</i> </a><a href="https://rdcu.be/d0VX3" data-track="click" data-label="https://rdcu.be/d0VX3" data-track-category="body text link">paper 1</a> & <a href="https://rdcu.be/d0VRE" data-track="click" data-label="https://rdcu.be/d0VRE" data-track-category="body text link"><i>Nature</i> </a><a href="https://rdcu.be/d0VRE" data-track="click" data-label="https://rdcu.be/d0VRE" data-track-category="body text link">paper 2</a></p><h2><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03815-2" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03815-2" data-track-category="body text link"><b>Governments must curb AI’s biosafety risks</b></a></h2><p>Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) promise to transform biomedical research, but could <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03815-2" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03815-2" data-track-category="body text link">pose significant biosafety and biosecurity risks</a>, argue three public health researchers and two policy researchers. They urge governments and AI developers to work with safety and security experts to mitigate harms that could result in the greatest loss of life and disruption to society, such as outbreaks of transmissible pathogens. That means building a scientific consensus through processes that engage diverse, independent experts.</p><p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03815-2" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03815-2" data-track-category="body text link">Nature | 13 min read</a></p><h2><b>Image of the week</b></h2><figure class="figure"><picture class="embed intensity--high"><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.nature.com/lw767/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03861-w/d41586-024-03861-w_27719730.jpg?as=webp 767w, //media.nature.com/lw319/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03861-w/d41586-024-03861-w_27719730.jpg?as=webp 319w" sizes="(max-width: 319px) 319px, (min-width: 1023px) 100vw, 767px"></source><img class="figure__image" alt="An Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) licks nectar from a red red hot poker flower (Kniphofia foliosa)." loading="lazy" src="//media.nature.com/lw767/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03861-w/d41586-024-03861-w_27719730.jpg"></img><figcaption><p class="figure__caption u-sans-serif"><span></span></p></figcaption></picture></figure><p>An Ethiopian wolf (<i>Canis simensis</i>), the most endangered carnivore in Africa, licks nectar from a red hot poker flower (<i>Kniphofia foliosa</i>). Researchers caught this individual and five of its furry friends licking the flowers, coating their muzzles in the plant’s pollen. This suggests that the animals could have a role as pollinators. (Watch the wolves on video in <a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/watch-ethiopian-wolves-drink-flower-nectar-first-large-carnivore" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.science.org/content/article/watch-ethiopian-wolves-drink-flower-nectar-first-large-carnivore" data-track-category="body text link"><i>Science</i></a><a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/watch-ethiopian-wolves-drink-flower-nectar-first-large-carnivore" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.science.org/content/article/watch-ethiopian-wolves-drink-flower-nectar-first-large-carnivore" data-track-category="body text link"> | 2 min read</a>) Reference: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4470" data-track="click" data-label="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4470" data-track-category="body text link"><i>Ecology</i></a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4470" data-track="click" data-label="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4470" data-track-category="body text link"> paper</a> (Claudio Sillero‐Zubiri, Jorgelina Marino, Abdi Samune, <i>et al/Ecology</i> (Photo by Adrien Lesaffre))</p><div class="embed box"><h3 class="box__title u-sans-serif">QUOTE OF THE DAY</h3><div class="box__content u-clearfix"><h2><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/live/2024/nov/21/cop29-live-draft-texts-negotiations-climate-crisis?page=with:block-673f16928f08b8d1c90a7450#block-673f16928f08b8d1c90a7450" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/live/2024/nov/21/cop29-live-draft-texts-negotiations-climate-crisis?page=with:block-673f16928f08b8d1c90a7450#block-673f16928f08b8d1c90a7450" data-track-category="body text link">“Standing still is retreat and the world will rightly judge us very harshly if this is the outcome.”</a></h2><p>The UK Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero, Ed Milliband, warns delegates at the UN COP29 climate conference that the world cannot afford for talks on climate finance to fail. (<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/live/2024/nov/21/cop29-live-draft-texts-negotiations-climate-crisis?page=with:block-673f16928f08b8d1c90a7450#block-673f16928f08b8d1c90a7450" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/live/2024/nov/21/cop29-live-draft-texts-negotiations-climate-crisis?page=with:block-673f16928f08b8d1c90a7450#block-673f16928f08b8d1c90a7450" data-track-category="body text link">The Guardian | 1 min read</a>)</p></div><div class="box__author u-sans-serif"></div></div> </div> <p><em>doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03861-w</em></p><div class="c-article-endnote"><p>Today I’m considering getting a pet. My current options are a cat, a dog or a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/nov/20/fluffy-robot-weird-emotional-week-ai-pet-moflin" data-track="click" data-label="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/nov/20/fluffy-robot-weird-emotional-week-ai-pet-moflin" data-track-category="body text link">moflin, an AI companion robot</a>. The creator of the hamster-sized moflin says that it can develop a personality, recognize voices and become attached to you once you activate it with an app. Maybe I’ll save myself some money and reconnect with my Nintendogs instead.</p><p>Let us know if you have any pet peeves about this newsletter at <a href="mailto:briefing@nature.com" data-track="click" data-label="mailto:briefing@nature.com" data-track-category="body text link">briefing@nature.com</a>.</p><p>Thanks for reading,</p><p><a href="mailto:briefing@nature.com" data-track="click" data-label="mailto:briefing@nature.com" data-track-category="body text link"><i>Jacob Smith, associate editor, Nature Briefing</i></a></p><p><i>With contributions by Flora Graham</i></p><p>Want more? 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