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title="Piet Bukman – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Piet Bukman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بيت بوكمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيت بوكمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet_Bukman" title="Piet Bukman – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Piet Bukman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Piet+Bukman%22">"Piet Bukman"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Piet+Bukman%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Piet+Bukman%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Piet+Bukman%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Piet+Bukman%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Piet+Bukman%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Piet Bukman</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Piet_Bukman_1980_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Piet_Bukman_1980_%281%29.jpg/220px-Piet_Bukman_1980_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Piet_Bukman_1980_%281%29.jpg/330px-Piet_Bukman_1980_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Piet_Bukman_1980_%281%29.jpg/440px-Piet_Bukman_1980_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="724" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Bukman in 1980</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Speaker of the House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 December 1996 – 19 May 1998</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wim_Deetman" title="Wim Deetman">Wim Deetman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jeltje_van_Nieuwenhoven" title="Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven">Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Agriculture_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Agriculture of the Netherlands">Minister of Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />28 September 1990 – 22 August 1994</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bert_de_Vries" title="Bert de Vries">Bert de Vries</a> (<i>ad interim</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jozias_van_Aartsen" title="Jozias van Aartsen">Jozias van Aartsen</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Economic_Affairs_of_the_Netherlands#List_of_State_Secretaries_for_Economic_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands">State Secretary for Economic Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 November 1989 – 28 September 1990</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_van_Rooy" title="Yvonne van Rooy">Yvonne van Rooy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Yvonne van Rooy</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Member of the House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 May 1994 – 19 May 1998</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 September 1989 – 7 November 1989</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Defence_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Defence of the Netherlands">Minister of Defence</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 September 1988 – 24 September 1988 <br /> <i>Ad interim</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wim_van_Eekelen" title="Wim van Eekelen">Wim van Eekelen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frits_Bolkestein" title="Frits Bolkestein">Frits Bolkestein</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Trade_and_Development_Cooperation_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation (Netherlands)">Minister for Development Cooperation</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 July 1986 – 7 November 1989</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eegje_Schoo" title="Eegje Schoo">Eegje Schoo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Pronk" title="Jan Pronk">Jan Pronk</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 July 1985 – 30 July 1987</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tindemans" title="Leo Tindemans">Leo Tindemans</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Jacques Santer</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Member of the Senate</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 June 1981 – 14 July 1986</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_party_chairs_of_the_Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="List of party chairs of the Christian Democratic Appeal">Chairman of the <br /> Christian Democratic Appeal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 October 1980 – 14 July 1986</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dries_van_Agt" title="Dries van Agt">Dries van Agt</a> (1980–1982) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a> (1982–1986)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Piet_Steenkamp" title="Piet Steenkamp">Piet Steenkamp</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wim_van_Velzen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wim van Velzen (page does not exist)">Wim van Velzen</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <br /> <a href="/wiki/Social_and_Economic_Council" title="Social and Economic Council">Social and Economic Council</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 May 1968 – 1 December 1980</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Chairman</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Pous" title="Jan de Pous">Jan de Pous</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Pieter Bukman</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1934-02-07</span>)</span>7 February 1934<br /><a href="/wiki/Delft" title="Delft">Delft</a>, Netherlands</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">15 March 2022<span style="display:none">(2022-03-15)</span> (aged 88)<br /><a href="/wiki/Voorschoten" title="Voorschoten">Voorschoten</a>, Netherlands<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> <br /> (from 1980)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Revolutionary_Party" title="Anti-Revolutionary Party">Anti-Revolutionary Party</a> <br /> (until 1980)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vrije_Universiteit_Amsterdam" title="Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam">Free University Amsterdam</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Economics" title="Bachelor of Economics">Bachelor of Economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Economics" title="Master of Economics">Master of Economics</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Politician · Diplomat · Economist · <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">Corporate director</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">Nonprofit director</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trade_association" title="Trade association">Trade association</a> executive · <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">Lobbyist</a> ·</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pieter Bukman</b> (7 February 1934 – 15 March 2022) was a Dutch politician and diplomat of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> (CDA) party and economist.<sup id="cite_ref-JansenHecke2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JansenHecke2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piet_Bukman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bukman attended a <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">Gymnasium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Delft" title="Delft">Delft</a> from April 1946 until June 1952 and applied at the <a href="/wiki/Vrije_Universiteit_Amsterdam" title="Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam">Free University Amsterdam</a> in July 1952 <a href="/wiki/Major_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major (academic)">majoring</a> in Economics obtaining a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Economics" title="Bachelor of Economics">Bachelor of Economics</a> degree in June 1954 before obtaining a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Economics" title="Master of Economics">Master of Economics</a> degree in July 1958. Bukman worked as a trade association executive for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Farmers_and_Gardeners_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Farmers and Gardeners Association (page does not exist)">Christian Farmers and Gardeners Association</a> (CBTB) from August 1958 until December 1980 and served as general-secretary from May 1968 until September 1975 and as chairman from September 1975 until December 1980. </p><p>Bukman served as <a href="/wiki/List_of_party_chairs_of_the_Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="List of party chairs of the Christian Democratic Appeal">chairman of the Christian Democratic Appeal</a> from 11 October 1980 until 14 July 1986. Bukman was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the Senate of the Netherlands">1981 Senate election</a>, taking office on 10 June 1981 serving as a <a href="/wiki/Frontbencher" title="Frontbencher">frontbencher</a> and spokesperson for agriculture. Bukman also served as <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party#History" title="European People's Party">President of the European People's Party</a> from 10 July 1985 until 30 July 1987. After the <a href="/wiki/1986_Dutch_general_election" title="1986 Dutch general election">1986 general election</a> Bukman was appointed <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Trade_and_Development_Cooperation_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation (Netherlands)">Minister for Development Cooperation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Lubbers_cabinet" title="Second Lubbers cabinet">Lubbers II cabinet</a>, taking office on 14 July 1986. Bukman served as acting <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Defence_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Defence of the Netherlands">Minister of Defence</a> from 6 September 1988 until 24 September 1988 following the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Wim_van_Eekelen" title="Wim van Eekelen">Wim van Eekelen</a>. The Lubbers II cabinet fell on 3 May 1989 and continued to serve in a <a href="/wiki/Demissionary_cabinet" title="Demissionary cabinet">demissionary</a> capacity. Bukman was elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a> after the <a href="/wiki/1989_Dutch_general_election" title="1989 Dutch general election">1989 general election</a>, taking office on 14 September 1989. Following the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1989_Dutch_cabinet_formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1989 Dutch cabinet formation (page does not exist)">cabinet formation of 1989</a> Bukman was appointed <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Economic_Affairs_of_the_Netherlands#List_of_State_Secretaries_for_Economic_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands">State Secretary for Economic Affairs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Lubbers_cabinet" title="Third Lubbers cabinet">Lubbers III cabinet</a>, taking office on 7 November 1989. Bukman was appointed <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Agriculture_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Agriculture of the Netherlands">Minister of Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries</a> following the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Braks" title="Gerrit Braks">Gerrit Braks</a>, taking office on 28 September 1990. After the <a href="/wiki/1994_Dutch_general_election" title="1994 Dutch general election">1994 general election</a> Bukman returned to the House of Representatives, taking office on 17 May 1994. The Lubbers III cabinet was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/First_Kok_cabinet" title="First Kok cabinet">Kok I cabinet</a> following the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1994_Dutch_cabinet_formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1994 Dutch cabinet formation (page does not exist)">cabinet formation of 1994</a> on 22 August 1994 and he continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a frontbencher and spokesperson for development cooperation, development aid and Kingdom relations. After the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Speaker of the House of Representatives</a> <a href="/wiki/Wim_Deetman" title="Wim Deetman">Wim Deetman</a> announced his resignation following his nomination as <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_The_Hague" title="List of mayors of The Hague">Mayor of The Hague</a>, Bukman announced his candidacy to succeed him. Bukman won the election defeating party member and fellow frontbencher <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Doelman-Pel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Doelman-Pel (page does not exist)">Ali Doelman-Pel</a> and was elected as Speaker, taking office on 3 December 1996. On 23 September 1997 Bukman announced his retirement from national politics and that he would not stand for the <a href="/wiki/1998_Dutch_general_election" title="1998 Dutch general election">1998 general election</a> and continued to serve until the end of the parliamentary term on 19 May 1998. </p><p>Bukman retired after spending 17 years in national politics and became active in the <a href="/wiki/Private_sector" title="Private sector">private sector</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a> and occupied numerous seats as a corporate director and nonprofit director on several boards of directors and supervisory boards (<a href="/wiki/International_Food_Policy_Research_Institute" title="International Food Policy Research Institute">International Food Policy Research Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/LEI_Wageningen_UR" title="LEI Wageningen UR">LEI Wageningen UR</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Cultural_Foundation" title="European Cultural Foundation">European Cultural Foundation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a>). </p><p>Bukman was known for his abilities as a team leader and manager. Bukman continued to comment on political affairs until his retirement in 2018 and held the distinction as the first unified Chairman of the Christian Democratic Appeal and as the only Dutchman that served as President of the European People's Party as of 2025. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piet_Bukman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>A (possibly incomplete) overview of Dutch elections Bukman participated in </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Candidate number </th> <th>Votes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_Dutch_general_election" title="1994 Dutch general election">1994 Dutch general election</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> </td> <td>11 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2022 Dutch municipal elections">2022 Dutch municipal elections</a> in <a href="/wiki/Voorschoten" title="Voorschoten">Voorschoten</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> </td> <td>40 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decorations">Decorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piet_Bukman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:60%;"> <caption>Honours </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:80px;">Ribbon bar</th> <th>Honour</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Comment </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BEL_Kroonorde_Grootkruis_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BEL_Kroonorde_Grootkruis_BAR.svg/120px-BEL_Kroonorde_Grootkruis_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BEL_Kroonorde_Grootkruis_BAR.svg/160px-BEL_Kroonorde_Grootkruis_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(Belgium)" title="Order of the Crown (Belgium)">Order of the Crown</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>6 July 1986 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg/120px-Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg/160px-Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Grand Officer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_the_Legion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of the Legion of Honour">National Order of the Legion of Honour</a> </td> <td>France </td> <td>21 March 1987 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg/80px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg/120px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg/160px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany">Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>10 December 1990 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Orange-Nassau_ribbon_-_Commander.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Order_of_Orange-Nassau_ribbon_-_Commander.svg/80px-Order_of_Orange-Nassau_ribbon_-_Commander.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Order_of_Orange-Nassau_ribbon_-_Commander.svg/120px-Order_of_Orange-Nassau_ribbon_-_Commander.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Order_of_Orange-Nassau_ribbon_-_Commander.svg/160px-Order_of_Orange-Nassau_ribbon_-_Commander.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Commander</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Order of Orange-Nassau">Order of Orange-Nassau</a> </td> <td>Netherlands </td> <td>8 October 1994 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grande_ufficiale_OMRI_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Grande_ufficiale_OMRI_BAR.svg/80px-Grande_ufficiale_OMRI_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Grande_ufficiale_OMRI_BAR.svg/120px-Grande_ufficiale_OMRI_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Grande_ufficiale_OMRI_BAR.svg/160px-Grande_ufficiale_OMRI_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Grand Officer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">Order of Merit of the Italian Republic</a> </td> <td>Italy </td> <td>1 September 1997 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordre_de_la_couronne_de_Chene_GO_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ordre_de_la_couronne_de_Chene_GO_ribbon.svg/80px-Ordre_de_la_couronne_de_Chene_GO_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ordre_de_la_couronne_de_Chene_GO_ribbon.svg/120px-Ordre_de_la_couronne_de_Chene_GO_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ordre_de_la_couronne_de_Chene_GO_ribbon.svg/160px-Ordre_de_la_couronne_de_Chene_GO_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Grand Officer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Oak_Crown" title="Order of the Oak Crown">Order of the Oak Crown</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td>30 April 1998 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piet_Bukman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221011044058/https://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llmn4azv/p_piet_bukman">"DRS. P. (Piet) Bukman"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llmn4azv/p_piet_bukman">the original</a> on 11 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DRS.+P.+%28Piet%29+Bukman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlement.com%2Fid%2Fvg09llmn4azv%2Fp_piet_bukman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiet+Bukman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JansenHecke2011-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JansenHecke2011_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJansenHecke2011" class="citation book cs1">Jansen, Thomas; Hecke, Steven Van (2 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kXEA8XGdEb8C&pg=PA143"><i>At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party</i></a>. Springer. pp. 143–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-19413-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-19413-9"><bdi>978-3-642-19413-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+Europe%27s+Service%3A+The+Origins+and+Evolution+of+the+European+People%27s+Party&rft.pages=143-&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2011-06-02&rft.isbn=978-3-642-19413-9&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Hecke%2C+Steven+Van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkXEA8XGdEb8C%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiet+Bukman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piet_Bukman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Piet_Bukman" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Piet Bukman">Piet Bukman</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <dl><dt>Official</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llmn4azv/p_piet_bukman">Drs. P. (Piet) Bukman</a> Parlement & Politiek <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eerstekamer.nl/persoon/drs_p_bukman_cda">Drs. P. Bukman (CDA)</a> Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Piet_Steenkamp" title="Piet Steenkamp">Piet Steenkamp</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_party_chairs_of_the_Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="List of party chairs of the Christian Democratic Appeal">Chairman of the Christian Democratic Appeal</a> </b><br />1980–1986 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wim_van_Velzen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wim van Velzen (page does not exist)">Wim van Velzen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tindemans" title="Leo Tindemans">Leo Tindemans</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </b><br />1985–1987 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Jacques Santer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eegje_Schoo" title="Eegje Schoo">Eegje Schoo</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Trade_and_Development_Cooperation_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation (Netherlands)">Minister for Development Cooperation</a> </b><br />1986–1989 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Pronk" title="Jan Pronk">Jan Pronk</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wim_van_Eekelen" title="Wim van Eekelen">Wim van Eekelen</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Defence_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Defence of the Netherlands">Minister of Defence</a> <br /> <i>Ad interim</i> </b><br />1988 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frits_Bolkestein" title="Frits Bolkestein">Frits Bolkestein</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_van_Rooy" title="Yvonne van Rooy">Yvonne van Rooy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Economic_Affairs_of_the_Netherlands#List_of_State_Secretaries_for_Economic_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands">State Secretary for Economic Affairs</a> </b><br />1989–1990 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_van_Rooy" title="Yvonne van Rooy">Yvonne van Rooy</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bert_de_Vries" title="Bert de Vries">Bert de Vries</a> <br /> <i>Ad interim</i></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Agriculture_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Agriculture of the Netherlands">Minister of Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries</a> </b><br />1990–1994 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jozias_van_Aartsen" title="Jozias van Aartsen">Jozias van Aartsen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wim_Deetman" title="Wim Deetman">Wim Deetman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Speaker of the House of Representatives</a> </b><br />1996–1998 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jeltje_van_Nieuwenhoven" title="Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven">Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ffcc66;">Business positions </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Koning_(Christian_Democratic_Appeal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan de Koning (Christian Democratic Appeal)">Jan de Koning</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> General-Secretary of the Executive Board of the <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Farmers_and_Gardeners_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Farmers and Gardeners Association (page does not exist)">Christian Farmers and Gardeners Association</a> </b><br />1971–1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>Unknown</i></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>Unknown</i></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairman of the Executive Board of the <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Farmers_and_Gardeners_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Farmers and Gardeners Association (page does not exist)">Christian Farmers and Gardeners Association</a> </b><br />1975–1980 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>Unknown</i></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Gerlach_Cornelis_Joannes_van_Reenen" title="Gerlach Cornelis Joannes van Reenen">Van Reenen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_Dullert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem Dullert (page does not exist)">Dullert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Mirandolle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Mirandolle (page does not exist)">Mirandolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_van_Rees" title="Otto van Rees">Van Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eppo_Cremers" title="Eppo Cremers">Cremers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas_Mackay_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aeneas Mackay Jr.">Mackay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eppo_Cremers" title="Eppo Cremers">Cremers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Beelaerts_van_Blokland" title="Gerard Beelaerts van Blokland">Beelaerts van Blokland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_George_Gleichman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan George Gleichman (page does not exist)">Gleichman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas_Mackay_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aeneas Mackay Jr.">Mackay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_R%C3%B6ell" title="Joan Röell">Röell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederik_van_Bylandt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederik van Bylandt (page does not exist)">Van Bylandt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octaaf_van_Nispen_tot_Sevenaer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octaaf van Nispen tot Sevenaer (page does not exist)">Van Nispen tot Sevenaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Goeman_Borgesius" title="Hendrik Goeman Borgesius">Goeman Borgesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Fock" title="Dirk Fock">Fock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_Koolen" title="Dionysius Koolen">Koolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ruijs_de_Beerenbrouck" title="Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck">Ruijs de Beerenbrouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_van_Schaik" title="Josef van Schaik">Van Schaik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ruijs_de_Beerenbrouck" title="Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck">Ruijs de Beerenbrouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet_Aalberse" class="mw-redirect" title="Piet Aalberse">Aalberse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_van_Schaik" title="Josef van Schaik">Van Schaik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rad_Kortenhorst" title="Rad Kortenhorst">Kortenhorst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans-Jozef_van_Thiel" title="Frans-Jozef van Thiel">Van Thiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Vondeling" title="Anne Vondeling">Vondeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Dolman" title="Dick Dolman">Dolman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wim_Deetman" title="Wim Deetman">Deetman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bukman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeltje_van_Nieuwenhoven" title="Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven">Van Nieuwenhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans_Weisglas" title="Frans Weisglas">Weisglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerdi_Verbeet" title="Gerdi Verbeet">Verbeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anouchka_van_Miltenburg" title="Anouchka van Miltenburg">Van Miltenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadija_Arib" title="Khadija Arib">Arib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_Bergkamp" title="Vera Bergkamp">Bergkamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bosma" title="Martin Bosma">Bosma</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg/130px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="394" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Veegens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Veegens (page does not exist)">Veegens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syb_Talma" title="Syb Talma">Talma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Treub" title="Willem Treub">Treub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folkert_Posthuma" title="Folkert Posthuma">Posthuma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hendrik_van_IJsselsteyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hendrik van IJsselsteyn (page does not exist)">Van IJsselsteyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ruijs_de_Beerenbrouck" title="Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck">Ruijs de Beerenbrouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Jan_de_Geer" title="Dirk Jan de Geer">De Geer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Kan" title="Jan Kan">Kan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ruijs_de_Beerenbrouck" title="Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck">Ruijs de Beerenbrouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timotheus_Verschuur" title="Timotheus Verschuur">Verschuur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrikus_Colijn" title="Hendrikus Colijn">Colijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Steenberghe" title="Max Steenberghe">Steenberghe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gelissen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Gelissen (page does not exist)">Gelissen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Nicolaas_Deckers" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurentius Nicolaas Deckers">Deckers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Steenberghe" title="Max Steenberghe">Steenberghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrikus_Colijn" title="Hendrikus Colijn">Colijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aat_van_Rhijn" title="Aat van Rhijn">Van Rhijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Steenberghe" title="Max Steenberghe">Steenberghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_den_Tempel" title="Jan van den Tempel">Van den Tempel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet_Kerstens" title="Piet Kerstens">Kerstens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_van_den_Broek" title="Johannes van den Broek">Van den Broek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_de_Booy" title="Jim de Booy">De Booy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Gispen" title="Hans Gispen">Gispen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicco_Mansholt" title="Sicco Mansholt">Mansholt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_Staf" title="Kees Staf">Staf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Vondeling" title="Anne Vondeling">Vondeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_Staf" title="Kees Staf">Staf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Marijnen" title="Victor Marijnen">Marijnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barend_Biesheuvel" title="Barend Biesheuvel">Biesheuvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lardinois" title="Pierre Lardinois">Lardinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_Boersma" title="Jaap Boersma">Boersma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemen_Brouwer" title="Tiemen Brouwer">Brouwer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fons_van_der_Stee" title="Fons van der Stee">Van der Stee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Braks" title="Gerrit Braks">Braks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Koning_(Christian_Democratic_Appeal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan de Koning (Christian Democratic Appeal)">De Koning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Braks" title="Gerrit Braks">Braks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_de_Vries" title="Bert de Vries">B. De Vries</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bukman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozias_van_Aartsen" title="Jozias van Aartsen">Van Aartsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haijo_Apotheker" class="mw-redirect" title="Haijo Apotheker">Apotheker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaas_de_Vries_(Labour_Party)" title="Klaas de Vries (Labour Party)">K. 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style="color:white">EU</span></a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_People%27s_Party" title="Austrian People's Party">ÖVP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christen-Democratisch_en_Vlaams" class="mw-redirect" title="Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams">CD&V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/GERB" title="GERB">GERB/ГЕРБ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_for_a_Strong_Bulgaria" title="Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria">DSB/ДСБ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_for_Citizens_Movement" title="Bulgaria for Citizens Movement">BCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Forces_(Bulgaria)" title="Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)">SDS/СДС</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">HDZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Demochristian_Party" title="Croatian Demochristian Party">HDS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Rally" title="Democratic Rally">DISY/ΔΗ.ΣΥ.</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/KDU-%C4%8CSL" title="KDU-ČSL">KDU-ČSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOP_09" title="TOP 09">TOP 09</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democrats_(Denmark)" title="Christian Democrats (Denmark)">KD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_People%27s_Party_(Denmark)" title="Conservative People's Party (Denmark)">C</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Isamaa" title="Isamaa">Isamaa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democrats_(Finland)" title="Christian Democrats (Finland)">KD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_Party" title="National Coalition Party">Kok./Saml.</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">ND/Ν.Δ.</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia_(2013)" title="Forza Italia (2013)">FI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Alternative" title="Popular Alternative">AP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Centre_(2002)" title="Union of the Centre (2002)">UdC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populars_for_Italy" title="Populars for Italy">PpI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyrolean_People%27s_Party" title="South Tyrolean People's Party">SVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trentino_Tyrolean_Autonomist_Party" title="Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party">PATT</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Unity_(Latvia)" title="Unity (Latvia)">V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Union" title="Homeland Union">TS-LKD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_People%27s_Party" title="Christian Social People's Party">CSV</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/15px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Malta)" title="Nationalist Party (Malta)">PN</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">CDA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">PO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party" title="Polish People's Party">PSL</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/CDS_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Party" title="CDS – People's Party">CDS-PP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Portugal)" title="Social Democratic Party (Portugal)">PPD-PSD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party" title="People's Movement Party">PMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">UDMR/RMDSz</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Movement" title="Christian Democratic Movement">KDH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_(Slovakia)" title="Democrats (Slovakia)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Alliance_(Slovak_political_party)" title="Hungarian Alliance (Slovak political party)">MA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_(political_party)" title="Slovakia (political party)">Slovensko</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Slovenia" title="New Slovenia">NSi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Democratic_Party" title="Slovenian Democratic Party">SDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_People%27s_Party" title="Slovenian People's Party">SLS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democrats_(Sweden)" title="Christian Democrats (Sweden)">KD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_Party" title="Moderate Party">M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3399FF;color:white;width:1%">Associated parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Democratic Party of Albania">PD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(Iceland)" title="Independence Party (Iceland)">XD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/VMRO-DPMNE" title="VMRO-DPMNE">VMRO - DPMNE/ВМРО - ДПМНЕ</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/20px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Norway)" title="Conservative Party (Norway)">H</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Progressive_Party" title="Serbian Progressive Party">SNS/СНС</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Vojvodina_Hungarians" title="Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians">VMSZ/SVM</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/11px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/17px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/The_Centre_(political_party)" title="The Centre (political party)">DM-LC-AdC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3399FF;color:white;width:1%">Observer parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Armenia" title="Republican Party of Armenia">HHK/ՀՀԿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_(Armenia)" title="Heritage (Armenia)">Heritage/Ժառանգություն</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Christian_Democracy" title="Belarusian Christian Democracy">BCD/БХД</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Civic_Party_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="United Civic Party of Belarus">AHP/АГП</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Movement_for_Freedom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Movement for Freedom (page does not exist)">За Свабоду</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina">HDZ BiH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Progress" title="Party of Democratic Progress">PDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Action" title="Party of Democratic Action">SDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union_1990" title="Croatian Democratic Union 1990">HDZ 1990</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_National_Movement" title="United National Movement">ENM/ენმ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="European Georgia">EG/ევსა</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_League_of_Kosovo" title="Democratic League of Kosovo">LDK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/20px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/40px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Moldova" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova">PLDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Action_and_Solidarity" title="Party of Action and Solidarity">PAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dignity_and_Truth_Platform_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Dignity and Truth Platform Party">PPDA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/20px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/40px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bosniak_Party" title="Bosniak Party">BS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/20px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(Norway)" title="Christian Democratic Party (Norway)">KrF</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino"><img alt="San Marino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/15px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/23px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/30px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Christian_Democratic_Party" title="Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party">PDCS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Batkivshchyna" title="Batkivshchyna">Batkivshchyna/Батьківщина</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Solidarity" title="European Solidarity">YeS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">UDAR/УДАР</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_Reliance_(political_party)" title="Self Reliance (political party)">Об'єднання «Самопоміч»/Ob'yednannya «Samopomich»</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3399FF;color:white;width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Weber" title="Manfred Weber">Manfred Weber</a> (President)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thanasis_Bakolas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thanasis Bakolas (page does not exist)">Thanasis Bakolas</a> (Secretary General)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariya_Gabriel" title="Mariya Gabriel">Mariya Gabriel</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olgierd_Geblewicz" title="Olgierd Geblewicz">Olgierd Geblewicz</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Pons" title="Esteban González Pons">Esteban González Pons</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hahn" title="Johannes Hahn">Johannes Hahn</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Halicki" title="Andrzej Halicki">Andrzej Halicki</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_de_Lange" title="Esther de Lange">Esther de Lange</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McAllister" title="David McAllister">David McAllister</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Mure%C8%99an" title="Siegfried Mureșan">Siegfried Mureșan</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Petteri Orpo</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubravka_%C5%A0uica" title="Dubravka Šuica">Dubravka Šuica</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Antonio Tajani</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Rangel" title="Paulo Rangel">Paulo Rangel</a> (Treasurer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> (<i>ex officio</i> Vice-President)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3399FF;color:white;width:1%">European Parliament<br />Group Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Weber" title="Manfred Weber">Manfred Weber</a> (Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Danjean" title="Arnaud Danjean">Arnaud Danjean</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Pons" title="Esteban González Pons">Esteban González Pons</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Kalniete" title="Sandra Kalniete">Sandra Kalniete</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Kovatchev" title="Andrey Kovatchev">Andrey Kovatchev</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_de_Lange" title="Esther de Lange">Esther de Lange</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vangelis_Meimarakis" title="Vangelis Meimarakis">Vangelis Meimarakis</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Mure%C8%99an" title="Siegfried Mureșan">Siegfried Mureșan</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Olbrycht" title="Jan Olbrycht">Jan Olbrycht</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Rangel" title="Paulo Rangel">Paulo Rangel</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li>see <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3399FF;color:white;width:1%">European Commissioners (2024–2029)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> (President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lu%C3%ADs_Albuquerque" title="Maria Luís Albuquerque">Maria Luís Albuquerque</a> (Financial Services and the Savings and Investments Union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Brunner" title="Magnus Brunner">Magnus Brunner</a> (Internal Affairs and Migration)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdis_Dombrovskis" title="Valdis Dombrovskis">Valdis Dombrovskis</a> (Economy and Productivity, Implementation and Simplification)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Hansen" title="Christophe Hansen">Christophe Hansen</a> (Agriculture and Food)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wopke_Hoekstra" title="Wopke Hoekstra">Wopke Hoekstra</a> (Net-Zero and Clean Growth)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrius_Kubilius" title="Andrius Kubilius">Andrius Kubilius</a> (Defence and Space)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessika_Roswall" title="Jessika Roswall">Jessika Roswall</a> (Environment, Water Resilience, and a Competitive Circular Economy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piotr_Serafin" title="Piotr Serafin">Piotr Serafin</a> (Budget, Anti_Fraud and Public Administration)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubravka_%C5%A0uica" title="Dubravka Šuica">Dubravka Šuica</a> (Mediterranean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolos_Tzitzikostas" title="Apostolos Tzitzikostas">Apostolos Tzitzikostas</a> (Sustainable Transport and Tourism)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henna_Virkkunen" title="Henna Virkkunen">Henna Virkkunen</a> (Executive Vice-President for Digital and Frontier Technologies)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_Zaharieva" title="Ekaterina Zaharieva">Ekaterina Zaharieva</a> (Startups, Research and Innovation</li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission_II" title="Von der Leyen Commission II">von der Leyen Commission II</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3399FF;color:white;width:1%">Heads of government<br />at the European Council</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Nehammer" title="Karl Nehammer">Karl Nehammer</a> (Austria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Andrej Plenković</a> (Croatia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Petteri Orpo</a> (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Kyriakos Mitsotakis</a> (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a" title="Evika Siliņa">Evika Siliņa</a> (Latvia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Frieden" title="Luc Frieden">Luc Frieden</a> (Luxembourg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a> (Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a> (Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Ulf Kristersson</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#3399FF;color:white"><div><a href="/wiki/European_political_foundation" title="European political foundation"><span style="color:white">European political foundation</span></a>: <a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Martens_Centre_for_European_Studies" title="Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies"><span style="color:white"><i>Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies</i></span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Third_Lubbers_cabinet_(1989–1994)380" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Third_Lubbers_cabinet" title="Template:Third Lubbers cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Third_Lubbers_cabinet" title="Template talk:Third Lubbers cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Third_Lubbers_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Third Lubbers cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Third_Lubbers_cabinet_(1989–1994)380" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Lubbers_cabinet" title="Third Lubbers cabinet">Third Lubbers cabinet</a> (1989–1994)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Preceded by: <a href="/wiki/Second_Lubbers_cabinet" title="Second Lubbers cabinet">Second Lubbers cabinet</a></li> <li>Succeeded by: <a href="/wiki/First_Kok_cabinet" title="First Kok cabinet">First Kok cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">General Affairs</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wim_Kok" title="Wim Kok">Wim Kok</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ien_Dales" title="Ien Dales">Ien Dales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a>) <small>(1989–1994) (<a href="/wiki/Death_in_office" title="Death in office">†</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Hirsch_Ballin" title="Ernst Hirsch Ballin">Ernst Hirsch Ballin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_van_Thijn" title="Ed van Thijn">Ed van Thijn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a>) <small>(1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieuwke_de_Graaff-Nauta" title="Dieuwke de Graaff-Nauta">Dieuwke de Graaff-Nauta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a>) <small>(from 1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_den_Broek" title="Hans van den Broek">Hans van den Broek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>) <small>(1989–1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Kooijmans" title="Pieter Kooijmans">Pieter Kooijmans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>) <small>(from 1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Hirsch_Ballin" title="Ernst Hirsch Ballin">Ernst Hirsch Ballin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Security">Justice</a>) <small>(1989–1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aad_Kosto" title="Aad Kosto">Aad Kosto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Security">Justice</a>) <small>(from 1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koos_Andriessen" title="Koos Andriessen">Koos Andriessen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relus_ter_Beek" title="Relus ter Beek">Relus ter Beek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_d%27Ancona" title="Hedy d'Ancona">Hedy d'Ancona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">Welfare, Health and Culture</a>) <small>(1989–1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Ritzen" title="Jo Ritzen">Jo Ritzen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">Welfare, Health and Culture</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_de_Vries" title="Bert de Vries">Bert de Vries</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs and Employment</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Ritzen" title="Jo Ritzen">Jo Ritzen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education and Sciences</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja_Maij-Weggen" title="Hanja Maij-Weggen">Hanja Maij-Weggen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Water_Management_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands)">Transport and Water Management</a>) <small>(1989–1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koos_Andriessen" title="Koos Andriessen">Koos Andriessen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Water_Management_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands)">Transport and Water Management</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Braks" title="Gerrit Braks">Gerrit Braks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Nature_and_Food_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality">Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries</a>) <small>(1989–1990)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_de_Vries" title="Bert de Vries">Bert de Vries</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Nature_and_Food_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality">Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Piet Bukman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Nature_and_Food_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality">Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries</a>) <small>(from 1990)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Alders" title="Hans Alders">Hans Alders</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Spatial_Planning_and_the_Environment_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands)">Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_without_portfolio" title="Minister without portfolio">Ministers without portfolio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Kingdom_Relations_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands">Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Affairs</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Hirsch_Ballin" title="Ernst Hirsch Ballin">Ernst Hirsch Ballin</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Kingdom_Relations_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands">Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Affairs</a>) <small>(1989–1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Kingdom_Relations_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands">Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Affairs</a>) <small>(from 1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Pronk" title="Jan Pronk">Jan Pronk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Trade_and_Development_Cooperation_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation (Netherlands)">Development Cooperation</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Secretary_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Secretary (Netherlands)">State Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dieuwke_de_Graaff-Nauta" title="Dieuwke de Graaff-Nauta">Dieuwke de Graaff-Nauta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a>) <small>(1989–1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet_Dankert" title="Piet Dankert">Piet Dankert</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_van_Amelsvoort" title="Marius van Amelsvoort">Marius van Amelsvoort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aad_Kosto" title="Aad Kosto">Aad Kosto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Security">Justice</a>) <small>(1989–1994)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Piet Bukman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>) <small>(1989–1990)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_van_Rooy" title="Yvonne van Rooy">Yvonne van Rooy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>) <small>(from 1990)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berend-Jan_van_Voorst_tot_Voorst" title="Berend-Jan van Voorst tot Voorst">Berend-Jan van Voorst tot Voorst</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>) <small>(1989–1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ton_Frinking" title="Ton Frinking">Ton Frinking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>) <small>(from 1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Simons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Simons (page does not exist)">Hans Simons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">Welfare, Health and Culture</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elske_ter_Veld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elske ter Veld (page does not exist)">Elske ter Veld</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs and Employment</a>) <small>(1989–1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Wallage" title="Jacques Wallage">Jacques Wallage</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs and Employment</a>) <small>(from 1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Wallage" title="Jacques Wallage">Jacques Wallage</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education and Science</a>) <small>(1989–1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roel_in_%27t_Veld" title="Roel in 't Veld">Roel in 't Veld</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education and Science</a>) <small>(1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_Cohen" title="Job Cohen">Job Cohen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education and Science</a>) <small>(from 1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzsingisz_Gabor" title="Dzsingisz Gabor">Dzsingisz Gabor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Nature_and_Food_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality">Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enne%C3%BCs_Heerma" title="Enneüs Heerma">Enneüs Heerma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Spatial_Planning_and_the_Environment_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands)">Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_Lubbers_cabinet_(1986–1989)356" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Second_Lubbers_cabinet" title="Template:Second Lubbers cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Second_Lubbers_cabinet" title="Template talk:Second Lubbers cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_Lubbers_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Second Lubbers cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Lubbers_cabinet_(1986–1989)356" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Lubbers_cabinet" title="Second Lubbers cabinet">Second Lubbers cabinet</a> (1986–1989)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Preceded by: <a href="/wiki/First_Lubbers_cabinet" title="First Lubbers cabinet">First Lubbers cabinet</a></li> <li>Succeeded by: <a href="/wiki/Third_Lubbers_cabinet" title="Third Lubbers cabinet">Third Lubbers cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">General Affairs</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_de_Korte" title="Rudolf de Korte">Rudolf de Korte</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kees_van_Dijk" title="Kees van Dijk">Kees van Dijk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a>) <small>(1986–1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Koning_(Christian_Democratic_Appeal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan de Koning (Christian Democratic Appeal)">Jan de Koning</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Affairs</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_van_Dijk" title="Kees van Dijk">Kees van Dijk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a>) <small>(from 1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_den_Broek" title="Hans van den Broek">Hans van den Broek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onno_Ruding" title="Onno Ruding">Onno Ruding</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Korthals_Altes" title="Frits Korthals Altes">Frits Korthals Altes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Security">Justice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wim_van_Eekelen" title="Wim van Eekelen">Wim van Eekelen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>) <small>(1986–1988)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Piet Bukman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>) <small>(<i>ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Bolkestein" title="Frits Bolkestein">Frits Bolkestein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>) <small>(from 1988)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elco_Brinkman" title="Elco Brinkman">Elco Brinkman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">Welfare, Health and Culture</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Koning_(Christian_Democratic_Appeal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan de Koning (Christian Democratic Appeal)">Jan de Koning</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs and Employment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Affairs</a>) <small>(1986–1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louw_de_Graaf" title="Louw de Graaf">Louw de Graaf</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs and Employment</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Koning_(Christian_Democratic_Appeal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan de Koning (Christian Democratic Appeal)">Jan de Koning</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs and Employment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Affairs</a>) <small>(from 1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wim_Deetman" title="Wim Deetman">Wim Deetman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education and Sciences</a>) <small>(1986–1989)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Braks" title="Gerrit Braks">Gerrit Braks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education and Sciences</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelie_Kroes" title="Neelie Kroes">Neelie Kroes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Water_Management_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands)">Transport and Water Management</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Braks" title="Gerrit Braks">Gerrit Braks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Nature_and_Food_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality">Agriculture and Fisheries</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Nijpels" title="Ed Nijpels">Ed Nijpels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Spatial_Planning_and_the_Environment_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands)">Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_without_portfolio" title="Minister without portfolio">Minister without portfolio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Piet Bukman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Trade_and_Development_Cooperation_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation (Netherlands)">Development Cooperation</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Secretary_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Secretary (Netherlands)">State Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dieuwke_de_Graaff-Nauta" title="Dieuwke de Graaff-Nauta">Dieuwke de Graaff-Nauta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_van_der_Linden" title="René van der Linden">René van der Linden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>) <small>(1986–1988)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berend-Jan_van_Voorst_tot_Voorst" title="Berend-Jan van Voorst tot Voorst">Berend-Jan van Voorst tot Voorst</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>) <small>(from 1988)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henk_Koning" title="Henk Koning">Henk Koning</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginie_Korte-van_Hemel" title="Virginie Korte-van Hemel">Virginie Korte-van Hemel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Security">Justice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enne%C3%BCs_Heerma" title="Enneüs Heerma">Enneüs Heerma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>) <small>(1986)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_van_Rooy" title="Yvonne van Rooy">Yvonne van Rooy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>) <small>(from 1986)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert-Jan_Evenhuis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert-Jan Evenhuis (page does not exist)">Albert-Jan Evenhuis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>) <small>(1986–1989)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Houwelingen_(politician)" title="Jan van Houwelingen (politician)">Jan van Houwelingen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Dees" title="Dick Dees">Dick Dees</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">Welfare, Health and Culture</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louw_de_Graaf" title="Louw de Graaf">Louw de Graaf</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs and Employment</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Ginjaar-Maas" title="Nell Ginjaar-Maas">Nell Ginjaar-Maas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education and Sciences</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Brokx" title="Gerrit Brokx">Gerrit Brokx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Spatial_Planning_and_the_Environment_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands)">Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment</a>) <small>(1986)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enne%C3%BCs_Heerma" title="Enneüs Heerma">Enneüs Heerma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Spatial_Planning_and_the_Environment_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands)">Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment</a>) <small>(from 1986)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2071314#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata676" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2071314#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata676" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2071314#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810599985905606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piet_Bukman&oldid=1250659434">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piet_Bukman&oldid=1250659434</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1934_births" title="Category:1934 births">1934 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2022_deaths" 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7.30% 98.980 1 Template:Speakers_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.661","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18618445,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7ccc697c5f-5c26b","timestamp":"20250402082605","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Piet Bukman","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piet_Bukman","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2071314","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2071314","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, 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