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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=blk.wikipedia.org&uselang=blk" class=""><span>လူႏတန်ꩻ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA&returnto=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80+%28%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%29" title="အကောင့်တစ်ခုကို ဖန်တီးပြီး ဝင်ရောက်ရန် သင့်အား တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ မဟုတ်ပါ။" class=""><span>ဖန်ဆင်ꩻအကောက်</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F&returnto=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80+%28%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%29" title="သင့်အား အကောင့်ဝင်ရန် တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရန် မဟုတ်ပါ။ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>နွို့အကောက်</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="လွိုက်ခရာႏအထဲင်းဖိုင်ႏ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="နမ်းပဲင်ႏ ကိရိယာႏဖုံႏ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">နမ်းပဲင်ႏ ကိရိယာႏဖုံႏ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="ကေားသုင်ꩻသား မီနူး" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=blk.wikipedia.org&uselang=blk"><span>လူႏတန်ꩻ</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>ပံ့ပိုးရန်</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA&returnto=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80+%28%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%29" title="အကောင့်တစ်ခုကို ဖန်တီးပြီး ဝင်ရောက်ရန် သင့်အား တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ မဟုတ်ပါ။"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ဖန်ဆင်ꩻအကောက်</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F&returnto=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80+%28%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%29" title="သင့်အား အကောင့်ဝင်ရန် တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရန် မဟုတ်ပါ။ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>နွို့အကောက်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ထွက်ပြီးသား တည်းဖြတ်သူများအတွက် စာမျက်နှာများ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF:%E1%80%84%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%A1%E1%80%BD%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA" aria-label="လွူꩻထွားထဲင်း မွဉ်းဖျင်ခရာႏအထဲင်း"><span>လွူꩻထွားထဲင်းအသွုပ်</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဤအိုင်ပီလိပ်စာမှ တည်းဖြတ်မှုများအကြောင်း ဆွေးနွေးချက် [n]" accesskey="n"><span>အိုင်ကိုမ်ဒေါ့ꩻရီ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ဆိုဒ်"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ဟော်ꩻထွားရီးတာႏ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ဟော်ꩻထွားရီးတာႏ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">အွဉ်ႏပလို့ꩻ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">အစ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-သမဲင်ꩻ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#သမဲင်ꩻ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၁</span> <span>သမဲင်ꩻ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-သမဲင်ꩻ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-အာႏကွိုꩻ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#အာႏကွိုꩻ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၂</span> <span>အာႏကွိုꩻ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-အာႏကွိုꩻ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ဟော်ꩻထွားရီးတာႏ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ၁၁၉ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">၁၁၉ ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါဖိုင်ႏ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koninkryk_(biologie)" title="Koninkryk (biologie) – အာဖရိကန်" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koninkryk (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="အာဖရိကန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(bioloch%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (biolochía) – အာရာဂွန်" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Reino (biolochía)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="အာရာဂွန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81)" title="مملكة (تصنيف) – အာရဗီ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مملكة (تصنيف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="အာရဗီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_(%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="مملكة (بيولوجيا) – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مملكة (بيولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="ৰাজ্য (জীৱবিজ্ঞান) – အာသံ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাজ্য (জীৱবিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="အာသံ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinu_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Reinu (bioloxía) – အက်စ်တိုးရီးယား" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reinu (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်တိုးရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C)" title="عالم (بیولوژی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عالم (بیولوژی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Батшалыҡ (биология) – ဘက်ရှ်ကာ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Батшалыҡ (биология)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ဘက်ရှ်ကာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reich_(Biologie)" title="Reich (Biologie) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Reich (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahadean_(biyolohiya)" title="Kahadean (biyolohiya) – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kahadean (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царства (біялогія) – ဘီလာရုစ်" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Царства (біялогія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ဘီလာရုစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царства (біялёгія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Царства (біялёгія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_(%C3%A8lmu_hayat)" title="Kerajaan (èlmu hayat) – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kerajaan (èlmu hayat)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="जगत (जीव बिज्ञान) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जगत (जीव बिज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8E_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE)" title="জগৎ (জীববিদ্যা) – ဘင်္ဂါလီ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জগৎ (জীববিদ্যা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ဘင်္ဂါလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riezad" title="Riezad – ဘရီတွန်" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Riezad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ဘရီတွန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carstvo_(biologija)" title="Carstvo (biologija) – ဘော့စ်နီးယား" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Carstvo (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ဘော့စ်နီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regne_(biologia)" title="Regne (biologia) – ကတ်တလန်" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regne (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ကတ်တလန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98%C3%AD%C5%A1e_(biologie)" title="Říše (biologie) – ချက်" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Říše (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ချက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Патшалăх (биологи) – ချူဗက်ရှ်" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Патшалăх (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ချူဗက်ရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teyrnas_(bioleg)" title="Teyrnas (bioleg) – ဝေလ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Teyrnas (bioleg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ဝေလ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rige_(biologi)" title="Rige (biologi) – ဒိန်းမတ်" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rige (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ဒိန်းမတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reich_(Biologie)" title="Reich (Biologie) – ဂျာမန်" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reich (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ဂျာမန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF_(%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Βασίλειο (βιολογία) – ဂရိ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασίλειο (βιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ဂရိ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology) – အင်္ဂလိပ်" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kingdom (biology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="အင်္ဂလိပ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(biologio)" title="Regno (biologio) – အက်စ်ပရန်တို" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Regno (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်ပရန်တို" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (biología) – စပိန်" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reino (biología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="စပိန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riik_(bioloogia)" title="Riik (bioloogia) – အက်စ်တိုးနီးယား" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Riik (bioloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်တိုးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erreinu_(biologia)" title="Erreinu (biologia) – ဘာစ်ခ်" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erreinu (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ဘာစ်ခ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9inu_(biologia)" title="Réinu (biologia) – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Réinu (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88" title="فرمانرو – ပါရှန်" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرمانرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ပါရှန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunta_(biologia)" title="Kunta (biologia) – ဖင်လန်" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kunta (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ဖင်လန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologie)" title="Règne (biologie) – ပြင်သစ်" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Règne (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ပြင်သစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryk_(taksonomy)" title="Ryk (taksonomy) – အနောက် ဖရီစီရန်" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ryk (taksonomy)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="အနောက် ဖရီစီရန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADocht_(bitheola%C3%ADocht)" title="Ríocht (bitheolaíocht) – အိုင်းရစ်ရှ်" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ríocht (bitheolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="အိုင်းရစ်ရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (bioloxía) – ဂါလီစီယာ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reino (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ဂါလီစီယာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavet%C3%A3_(tekovekuaaty)" title="Tavetã (tekovekuaaty) – ဂူအာရာနီ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tavetã (tekovekuaaty)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ဂူအာရာနီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reeriaght_(bea-oaylleeaght)" title="Reeriaght (bea-oaylleeaght) – မန်းဇ်" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Reeriaght (bea-oaylleeaght)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="မန်းဇ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ממלכה (טקסונומיה) – ဟီဘရူး" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממלכה (טקסונומיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ဟီဘရူး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="जगत (जीवविज्ञान) – ဟိန်ဒူ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जगत (जीवविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ဟိန်ဒူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carstvo_(taksonomija)" title="Carstvo (taksonomija) – ခရိုအေးရှား" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Carstvo (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ခရိုအေးရှား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sw%C4%9Bt_(biologija)" title="Swět (biologija) – ဆက္ကဆိုနီ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Swět (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ဆက္ကဆိုနီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8y_(biyoloji)" title="Rèy (biyoloji) – ဟေတီ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rèy (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ဟေတီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsz%C3%A1g_(rendszertan)" title="Ország (rendszertan) – ဟန်ဂေရီ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ország (rendszertan)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ဟန်ဂေရီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Թագավորություն (կենսաբանություն) – အာမေးနီးယား" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թագավորություն (կենսաբանություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="အာမေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(rango_taxonomic)" title="Regno (rango taxonomic) – အင်တာလင်ဂွါ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Regno (rango taxonomic)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="အင်တာလင်ဂွါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_(biologi)" title="Kerajaan (biologi) – အင်ဒိုနီးရှား" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerajaan (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="အင်ဒိုနီးရှား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagarian_(biolohia)" title="Pagarian (biolohia) – အီလိုကို" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagarian (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="အီလိုကို" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ဆောင်းပါးကောင်းတံဆိပ်"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADki_(flokkunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Ríki (flokkunarfræði) – အိုက်စ်လန်" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ríki (flokkunarfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="အိုက်စ်လန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(biologia)" title="Regno (biologia) – အီတလီ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regno (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="အီတလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="界 (分類学) – ဂျပန်" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="界 (分類学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ဂျပန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krajan_(biologi)" title="Krajan (biologi) – ဂျာဗား" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Krajan (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ဂျာဗား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagelda_(tasnudert)" title="Tagelda (tasnudert) – ကဘိုင်လ်" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tagelda (tasnudert)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="ကဘိုင်လ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%84_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="계 (생물학) – ကိုရီးယား" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="계 (생물학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ကိုရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%84%D8%B1%D9%B2%D8%B2%D8%A0" title="سۄرٲزؠ – ကက်ရှ်မီးယား" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سۄرٲزؠ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="ကက်ရှ်မီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_(taxinomia)" title="Regnum (taxinomia) – လက်တင်" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Regnum (taxinomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="လက်တင်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4ich_(Biologie)" title="Räich (Biologie) – လူဇင်ဘတ်" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Räich (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="လူဇင်ဘတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rena_(biolojia)" title="Rena (biolojia) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rena (biolojia)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_(taxonomie)" title="Riek (taxonomie) – လင်ဘာဂစ်ရှ်" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Riek (taxonomie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="လင်ဘာဂစ်ရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karalyst%C4%97_(biologija)" title="Karalystė (biologija) – လစ်သူဝေးနီးယား" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karalystė (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="လစ်သူဝေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsts_(biolo%C4%A3ija)" title="Valsts (bioloģija) – လတ်ဗီးယား" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valsts (bioloģija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="လတ်ဗီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Кугыжаныш (биологий) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кугыжаныш (биологий)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%82" title="കിങ്ഡം – မလေယာလမ်" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കിങ്ഡം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="မလေယာလမ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0)" title="साम्राज्य (जीवशास्त्र) – မာရသီ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="साम्राज्य (जीवशास्त्र)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="မာရသီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alam_(biologi)" title="Alam (biologi) – မလေး" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alam (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="မလေး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renju_(bijolo%C4%A1ija)" title="Renju (bijoloġija) – မော်လ်တာ" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Renju (bijoloġija)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="မော်လ်တာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ) – မြန်မာ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="မြန်မာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(biologgia)" title="Regno (biologgia) – နပိုလီတန်" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Regno (biologgia)" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="နပိုလီတန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie) – ဒတ်ခ်ျ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rijk (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ဒတ်ခ်ျ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologisk_rike" title="Biologisk rike – နော်ဝေ နီးနောစ်" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biologisk rike" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ နီးနောစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rike_(biologi)" title="Rike (biologi) – နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rike (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologia)" title="Règne (biologia) – အိုစီတန်" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Règne (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="အိုစီတန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F_(%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8)" title="ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ (ଜୀବବିଜ୍ଞାନ) – အိုရီရာ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ (ଜୀବବିଜ୍ଞାନ)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="အိုရီရာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Паддзахад (биологи) – အိုဆဲတစ်ခ်" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Паддзахад (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="အိုဆဲတစ်ခ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A4_(%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5-%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8)" title="ਜਗਤ (ਜੀਵ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ) – ပန်ချာပီ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਗਤ (ਜੀਵ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ပန်ချာပီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarian_(biolohia)" title="Kaarian (biolohia) – ပမ်ပန်ညာ" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kaarian (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="ပမ်ပန်ညာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biologia)" title="Reino (biologia) – ပါပီမင်တို" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Reino (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="ပါပီမင်တို" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lestwo_(biologia)" title="Królestwo (biologia) – ပိုလန်" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Królestwo (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ပိုလန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3_(%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA)" title="دیس (جیون پڑھت) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دیس (جیون پڑھت)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biologia)" title="Reino (biologia) – ပေါ်တူဂီ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reino (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ပေါ်တူဂီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikch%27aq_suyu" title="Rikch'aq suyu – ခီချူဝါအိုဝါ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rikch'aq suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ခီချူဝါအိုဝါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regn" title="Regn – ရိုမေနီယား" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regn" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ရိုမေနီယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Царство (биология) – ရုရှ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Царство (биология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ရုရှ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царьство (біолоґія) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Царьство (біолоґія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Саарыстыба (биология) – ဆခါ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саарыстыба (биология)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ဆခါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnu_(biolugg%C3%ACa)" title="Regnu (bioluggìa) – စစ္စလီ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Regnu (bioluggìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="စစ္စလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carstvo_(taksonomija)" title="Carstvo (taksonomija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Carstvo (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnsartut_(Tasartut_tussnant)" title="Tasnsartut (Tasartut tussnant) – တာချယ်လ်ဟစ်" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnsartut (Tasartut tussnant)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="တာချယ်လ်ဟစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="රාජධානිය (ජීව විද්‍යාව) – စင်ဟာလာ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රාජධානිය (ජීව විද්‍යාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="စင်ဟာလာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kingdom (biology)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AD%C5%A1a_(taxon%C3%B3mia)" title="Ríša (taxonómia) – ဆလိုဗက်" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ríša (taxonómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ဆလိုဗက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljestvo_(biologija)" title="Kraljestvo (biologija) – ဆလိုဗေးနီးယား" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kraljestvo (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ဆလိုဗေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boqortooyo_(biyoloji)" title="Boqortooyo (biyoloji) – ဆိုမာလီ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Boqortooyo (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ဆိုမာလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbret%C3%ABria_(biologji)" title="Mbretëria (biologji) – အယ်လ်ဘေးနီးယား" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mbretëria (biologji)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="အယ်လ်ဘေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Царство (биологија) – ဆားဘီးယား" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Царство (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ဆားဘီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rike_(biologi)" title="Rike (biologi) – ဆွီဒင်" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rike (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ဆွီဒင်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himaya_(biolojia)" title="Himaya (biolojia) – ဆွာဟီလီ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Himaya (biolojia)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ဆွာဟီလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%8Dlestwo_(biologij%C5%8F)" title="Krōlestwo (biologijŏ) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Krōlestwo (biologijŏ)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="திணை (உயிரியல்) – တမီးလ်" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திணை (உயிரியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="တမီးလ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3)" title="Силсила (зистшиносӣ) – တာဂျစ်" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Силсила (зистшиносӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="တာဂျစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" title="อาณาจักร (ชีววิทยา) – ထိုင်း" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาณาจักร (ชีววิทยา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ထိုင်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ealyk_(biologi%C3%BDa)" title="Şalyk (biologiýa) – တာ့ခ်မင်နစ္စတန်" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şalyk (biologiýa)" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="တာ့ခ်မင်နစ္စတန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaharian_(biyolohiya)" title="Kaharian (biyolohiya) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaharian (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82lem_(biyoloji)" title="Âlem (biyoloji) – တူရကီ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Âlem (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="တူရကီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Патшалык (биология) – တာတာ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Патшалык (биология)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="တာတာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царство (біологія) – ယူကရိန်း" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Царство (біологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ယူကရိန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA_(%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="مملکت (حیاتیات) – အူရ်ဒူ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مملکت (حیاتیات)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="အူရ်ဒူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunyo_(biologiya)" title="Dunyo (biologiya) – ဥဇဘတ်" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dunyo (biologiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ဥဇဘတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(tasonomia)" title="Regno (tasonomia) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Regno (tasonomia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Giới (sinh học) – ဗီယက်နမ်" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giới (sinh học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ဗီယက်နမ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryk_(biologie)" title="Ryk (biologie) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ryk (biologie)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringne_(biyolodjeye)" title="Ringne (biyolodjeye) – ဝါလူးန်" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ringne (biyolodjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ဝါလူးန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_(biyolohiya)" title="Regnum (biyolohiya) – ဝါရေး" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Regnum (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ဝါရေး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C%EF%BC%88%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%EF%BC%89" title="界（生物） – ဝူ တရုတ်" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="界（生物）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ဝူ တရုတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_(biologie)" title="Riek (biologie) – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Riek (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" title="界 (生物) – တရုတ်" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="界 (生物)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="တရုတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0i_(hun-l%C5%ABi-ha%CC%8Dk)" title="Kài (hun-lūi-ha̍k) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kài (hun-lūi-ha̍k)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C" title="界 – ကွမ်းတုံ" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="界" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ကွမ်းတုံ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbuso_(kumchazampilo)" title="Umbuso (kumchazampilo) – ဇူးလူး" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umbuso (kumchazampilo)" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="ဇူးလူး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36732#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="မွဉ်းဖျင် ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါလိဉ့်ဖုံႏ" class="wbc-editpage">ခြပ်ချော်ꩻ လိဉ့်ဖုံႏ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ယီးနယ်မိဉ်ꩻဖုံႏ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="ထွား ဟော်ꩻထွားရီးတာႏလိတ်မဲ့ငါ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>လိတ်မဲ့ငါ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ထာꩻထီႏပွုံႏစံႏဖုံႏ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)"><span>ဟော်ꩻ</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)&veaction=edit" title="မွဉ်းဖျင် 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%89%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%A1%E1%80%BD%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="ဤနေရာသို့ လမ်းညွှန် လင့်ထားသည့် ဝီကီစာမျက်နှာများ၏ စာရင်း [j]" accesskey="j"><span>လိဉ့်မုဲင်ꩻဖုံႏအွဉ်ႏယိုကို</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:RecentChangesLinked/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" rel="nofollow" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာမှ ညွှန်းထားသည့် စာမျက်နှာများမှ လတ်တလော အပြောင်းအလဲများ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ဆွိုက်စပ်ဒါႏ အပြောင်ꩻအလုဲင်ꩻဖုံႏ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" 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title="ဤစာမျက်နှာအကြောင်း အချက်အလက်ပို၍"><span>လိတ်မဲ့ငါအချက်လျက်</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:CiteThisPage&page=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_%28%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%29&id=28777&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာအား အကိုးအကားပြုပုံ အချက်အလက်များ"><span>အာႏကွိုꩻသွော့လိတ်မဲ့ငါယို</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fblk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2580_%28%25E1%2580%2587%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%2597%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%2592%29"><span>ထူႏ URL အဒွေါင်ႏ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fblk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2580_%28%25E1%2580%2587%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%2597%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%2592%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ထေထန်ႏ/ပရိင့် </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80+%28%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%29"><span>ဖန်ဆင်ꩻလိတ်ဖွူꩻ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_%28%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>ဒေါင်းထူႏနေး PDF အနေႏ</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)&printable=yes" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ပရင့်ထုတ်နိုင်သောမူ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ထေနွောင်ꩻပရင့်ဗားသိဉ်း</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ပရောစဲစ်အလင်ဖုံႏကို </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36732" title="ဒေတာအချက်အလက်နှင့် ချိတ်ဆက်ရန်လင့်ခ် [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ဝီကီဒေတာ item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="လိတ်မဲ့ငါ ကိရိယာႏ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="အပွိုင်အငုဲင်ꩻ"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">အပွိုင်အငုဲင်ꩻ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">အွဉ်ႏပလို့ꩻ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">အဝ်ႏ ဝီခီပီးဒီးယား ကို</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="blk" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">ဇီဝဗေဒ မျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ အဆင့်တစ်ခု<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA:SHORTDESC:%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92_%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="တမ်းပလေက်:SHORTDESC:ဇီဝဗေဒ မျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ အဆင့်တစ်ခု (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">တမ်းပလေက်:SHORTDESC:ဇီဝဗေဒ မျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ အဆင့်တစ်ခု</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg" title="lang=my"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/150px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/225px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/300px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="600" usemap="#ImageMap_dd6eeaa3677df29c" resource="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg" /></a><map name="ImageMap_dd6eeaa3677df29c"><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F" shape="rect" coords="63,9,141,36" alt="သက်အဝ်ႏ" title="သက်အဝ်ႏ" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%95%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" shape="rect" coords="63,49,141,75" alt="နယ်ႏပယ်ႏ (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" title="နယ်ႏပယ်ႏ (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" shape="rect" coords="63,89,141,115" alt="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%97%E1%80%B0%E1%82%8F" shape="rect" coords="63,128,141,154" alt="ခွိုꩻပေါင်ꩻဗူႏ" title="ခွိုꩻပေါင်ꩻဗူႏ" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB" shape="rect" coords="63,168,141,194" alt="ခွိုꩻပေါင်ꩻ" title="ခွိုꩻပေါင်ꩻ" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B2%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F" shape="rect" coords="63,208,141,234" alt="ခွိုꩻရဲဉ်ႏ" title="ခွိုꩻရဲဉ်ႏ" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%BB%EA%A9%BB" shape="rect" coords="63,247,141,273" alt="ခွိုꩻအထျꩻ" title="ခွိုꩻအထျꩻ" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%97%E1%80%B0%E1%82%8F" shape="rect" coords="63,287,141,313" alt="ခွိုꩻဗူႏ" title="ခွိုꩻဗူႏ" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" shape="rect" coords="63,326,141,353" alt="ခွိုꩻစွိုး" title="ခွိုꩻစွိုး" /></map><figcaption>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%EA%A9%BB_%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ခွဲꩻချာꩻ ဇီဝစွိုးခွိုꩻအရန်း (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">ခွဲꩻချာꩻ ဇီဝစွိုးခွိုꩻခရာႏ အဓိကအရန်း</a>တန်) အဝ်ႏ(၈)ရန်းသွူ။ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%95%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="နယ်ႏပယ်ႏ (ဇီဝဗေဒ)">နယ်ႏပယ်ႏ</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Domain (biology)">domain</a>) တဗာႏဆꩻလနဝ်ꩻ <a class="mw-selflink selflink">လောက</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/kingdom_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:kingdom (biology)">kingdom</a>) တဗာႏတရိုꩻတဝ်း၊ အအာတရိုꩻတဝ်း အဝ်ႏနဝ်ꩻသွူ။ အရန်းဖြယ်ပေႏအလင်ဖုံႏနဝ်ꩻ တအွဉ်ႏနယ်တဝ်း ယိုကိုသွူ။</figcaption></figure> <p>ဇီဝဗေဒ ဘာႏသာႏကို ကဟဲ့ꩻဖန်ဒါႏ <b>လောက</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%84%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AB" title="အိန်းကလေတ်ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါ">အိန်းကလေတ်</a>: <span lang="en">Kingdom</span>)ကရိုꩻနောဝ်ꩻ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ခွဲꩻချာꩻဇီဝခွိုꩻအရန်း (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">ဇီဝခွိုꩻနွယ်ႏကခွဲꩻဖြယ်အီအရန်း</a> (Taxonomic Rank) ကို ကဖန်အွဉ်ႏထွော့ဒါႏ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%95%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="နယ်ႏပယ်ႏ (ဇီဝဗေဒ)">နယ်ႏပယ်ႏ</a>(Domain) ကရိုꩻဒါႏအရန်းမိဉ်ႏထွူ အောဝ်ႏ ဒုတိယအထိုသွတ်ꩻအရန်း နောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ လောကကလနောဝ်ꩻ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="မျိုꩻပေါင်ꩻစု (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">မျိုꩻပေါင်ꩻစု</a> (Phyla) ကရိုꩻဒါႏ အစွိုꩻအုပ်စုဖုံႏ ခွဲꩻဖြယ်ထဲင်းကနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ အမေႏရိကန်ႏခမ်းကို လိတ်သွဉ်ခန်ꩻကသုံꩻအီလိတ်အုပ်(ပြဋ္ဌာန်းစာအုပ်) ဖုံႏကိုနောဝ်ꩻ ခွဲꩻဖြယ် လောက (၆) မျိုꩻ (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="တိရိစ္ဆာန်ႏ (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">တိရိစ္ဆာန်ႏ</a>၊ (သေင်ႏမွူး)<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="အမွူး (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">အမွူး</a>မျိုꩻ၊ သွန်ꩻ၊ ပရိုတစ်တာ၊ အာခီးရား တောမ်ႏ ဘဲစ်တီးရီးယား) ဖုံႏ ရိုꩻတဲင် ဗြိတိန်၊ ဩစတြေးလျ ၊ လဲစ်တေဉ်အမေရိကကိုကပါဒါႏ ခမ်းထီဖုံႏတောမ်ႏ အိန္ဒိယခမ်း စတဲင်ခမ်းထီဖုံႏနောဝ်ꩻတဲ အွဉ်ႏထွော့ (သတ်မှတ်) သေꩻခါꩻ လောက(၅) မျိုꩻ (တိရိစ္ဆာန်ႏ၊ (သေင်ႏမွူး)အမွူးမျိုꩻ၊ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="သွန်ꩻ (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">သွန်ꩻ</a>၊ ပရိုတစ်တာ တောမ်ႏ မိုနီရာ) နောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ </p><p>ကအွဉ်ႏထွော့အီ အမျိုꩻခွဲꩻချာꩻနယ်ꩻတာႏ ကခေႏခံႏဒါႏ ခေတ်တသာ အပင်ခွဲꩻဖြယ်အွဉ်ႏထွော့နယ်ꩻ (ကိုင်းခွဲသတ်မှတ်နည်း Cladistics) နောဝ်ꩻ အွဉ်ႏကုဲင်သေꩻခါꩻလဲဉ်း "လောက" ကရိုꩻဒါႏ ဝေါဟာရငေါဝ်းနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ ပွိုးထာꩻမုဲင်ꩻနဲတဲင် ခေတ်လီꩻအကို ကအွဉ်ႏထွော့ ခွဲꩻဖြယ်ခါꩻဒါႏ အနယ်ꩻကို "လောက"ဖုံႏယို ကဗွိုန်နုဲင်းလို့ ကအောဝ်ႏညီꩻဒါႏအမျိုꩻအရင်ꩻခံႏ(ဘုံ မျိုးရင်းခံ)တစားအကို ကအောဝ်ႏဒါႏ သက်သားသတ္တဝါႏလို့လို့ယို တအွဉ်ႏသော့ꩻနွောင်ꩻတောဝ်းတွော့ꩻ အွဉ်ႏပါသော့ꩻတောဝ်းဒွုမ် "လောက" နောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Taxonomic_Rank_Graph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Taxonomic_Rank_Graph.svg/410px-Taxonomic_Rank_Graph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="410" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Taxonomic_Rank_Graph.svg/615px-Taxonomic_Rank_Graph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Taxonomic_Rank_Graph.svg/820px-Taxonomic_Rank_Graph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>ဇီဝမျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်း အဓိကအဆင့်များ - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="နယ်ပယ် (ဇီဝဗေဒ) (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">နယ်ပယ်</a>(Domain)၊ <a class="mw-selflink selflink">လောက</a>(kingdom)၊ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="မျိုးပေါင်းစု (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">မျိုးပေါင်းစု</a>(phylum)၊ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="မျိုးပေါင်း (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">မျိုးပေါင်း</a>(class)၊ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="မျိုးစဉ် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">မျိုးစဉ်</a>(order)၊ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="မျိုးရင်း (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">မျိုးရင်း</a>(family)၊ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="မျိုးစု (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">မျိုးစု</a>(genus)၊ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="မျိုးစိတ် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">မျိုးစိတ်</a>(species)။ ပုံတွင်နမူနာအနေဖြင့် <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="မြေခွေးနီ (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">မြေခွေးနီ</a>၏ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ဇီဝမျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်း အဆင့် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">ဇီဝမျိုးရိုးခွဲ</a>ပုံအဆင့်များကို ယှဉ်ကြည့်နိုင်ရန်ပြထားသည်။</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="သမဲင်ꩻ"><span id=".E1.80.9E.E1.80.99.E1.80.B2.E1.80.84.E1.80.BA.EA.A9.BB"></span>သမဲင်ꩻ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="ခြပ်ချော်ꩻ အကွို့ꩻယို: သမဲင်ꩻ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>မွဉ်းဖျင်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: သမဲင်ꩻ"><span>မွဉ်းဖျင်အရွီးခိုႏ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="margin-left: 0.5em; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ကားလ် လင်းနီးယပ် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Linnaeus</a><br />1735<sup id="cite_ref-Linnaeus1735_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linnaeus1735-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" class="extiw" title="en:Ernst Haeckel">Haeckel</a><br />1866<sup id="cite_ref-Haeckel_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haeckel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၂<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Chatton" class="extiw" title="en:Édouard Chatton">Chatton</a><br />1925<sup id="cite_ref-Chatton1925_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatton1925-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၃<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chatton_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၄<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Copeland" class="extiw" title="en:Herbert Copeland">Copeland</a><br />1938<sup id="cite_ref-Copeland1938_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Copeland1938-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၅<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Copeland1956_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Copeland1956-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၆<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whittaker_(ecologist)" class="extiw" title="en:Robert Whittaker (ecologist)">Whittaker</a><br />1969<sup id="cite_ref-Whittaker1969_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whittaker1969-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၇<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Woese" class="extiw" title="en:Carl Woese">Woese</a> <i>et al</i>.<br />1977<sup id="cite_ref-Woese1977_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woese1977-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၈<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Woese1977b_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woese1977b-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၉<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;">Woese <i>et al.</i><br />1990<sup id="cite_ref-Woese1990_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woese1990-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၀<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" class="extiw" title="en:Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a><br />1993<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၁<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၂<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၃<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;">Cavalier-Smith<br />1998<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၄<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CavalierSmith2004_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CavalierSmith2004-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၅<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid20031978_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20031978-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၆<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;">Ruggiero <i>et al.</i><br />2015<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၇<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><i>(not treated)</i> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><i>(not treated)</i> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-empire_system" class="extiw" title="en:Two-empire system">2 empires</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-empire_system" class="extiw" title="en:Two-empire system">2 empires</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-empire_system" class="extiw" title="en:Two-empire system">2 empires</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-empire_system" class="extiw" title="en:Two-empire system">2 empires</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-domain_system" class="extiw" title="en:Three-domain system">3 domains</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;">3 superkingdoms </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-empire_system" class="extiw" title="en:Two-empire system">2 empires</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: solid black 1px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-empire_system" class="extiw" title="en:Two-empire system">2 empires</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;">2 kingdoms </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;">3 kingdoms </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><i>(not treated)</i> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)#Four_kingdoms" class="extiw" title="en:Kingdom (biology)">4 kingdoms</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)#Five_kingdoms" class="extiw" title="en:Kingdom (biology)">5 kingdoms</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)#Six_kingdoms" class="extiw" title="en:Kingdom (biology)">6 kingdoms</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><i>(not treated)</i> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)#Eight_kingdoms" class="extiw" title="en:Kingdom (biology)">8 kingdoms</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)#Six_kingdoms_(1998)" class="extiw" title="en:Kingdom (biology)">6 kingdoms</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)#Seven_kingdoms" class="extiw" title="en:Kingdom (biology)">7 kingdoms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5" style="padding-left: 4px;"><i>(not treated)</i> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="background-color:khaki; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protist" class="extiw" title="en:Protist">Protista</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryota" class="extiw" title="en:Prokaryota">Prokaryota</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monera" class="extiw" title="en:Monera">Monera</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monera" class="extiw" title="en:Monera">Monera</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%97%E1%80%B2%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ဗဲက်တီးရီးယား (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Eubacteria</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%97%E1%80%B2%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ဗဲက်တီးရီးယား (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Bacteria</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%97%E1%80%B2%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ဗဲက်တီးရီးယား (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Eubacteria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%97%E1%80%B2%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ဗဲက်တီးရီးယား (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Bacteria</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgrey; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%97%E1%80%B2%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ဗဲက်တီးရီးယား (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Bacteria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:darkgray; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaebacteria" class="extiw" title="en:Archaebacteria">Archaebacteria</a> </td> <td style="background-color:darkgray; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" class="extiw" title="en:Archaea">Archaea</a> </td> <td style="background-color:darkgray; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaebacteria" class="extiw" title="en:Archaebacteria">Archaebacteria</a> </td> <td style="background-color:darkgray; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" class="extiw" title="en:Archaea">Archaea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6" style="background-color:#e0d0b0; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" class="extiw" title="en:Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:khaki; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protista" class="extiw" title="en:Protista">Protista</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:khaki; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protist" class="extiw" title="en:Protist">Protista</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:khaki; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protist" class="extiw" title="en:Protist">Protista</a> </td> <td rowspan="6" style="background-color:#e0d0b0; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote" class="extiw" title="en:Eukaryote">Eucarya</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:PeachPuff; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archezoa" class="extiw" title="en:Archezoa">Archezoa</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:khaki; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" class="extiw" title="en:Protozoa">Protozoa</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:khaki; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" class="extiw" title="en:Protozoa">Protozoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:khaki; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" class="extiw" title="en:Protozoa">Protozoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:burlywood; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromista" class="extiw" title="en:Chromista">Chromista</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:burlywood; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromista" class="extiw" title="en:Chromista">Chromista</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:burlywood; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromista" class="extiw" title="en:Chromista">Chromista</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="အပင် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Vegetabilia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="အပင် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Plantae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="အပင် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Plantae</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="အပင် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Plantae</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="အပင် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Plantae</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="အပင် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Plantae</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="အပင် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Plantae</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="အပင် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:lightblue; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="သွန်ꩻ (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Fungi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightblue; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="မှို (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Fungi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightblue; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="မှို (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Fungi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightblue; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="မှို (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Fungi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightblue; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="မှို (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Fungi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="တိရစ္ဆာန် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Animalia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="တိရစ္ဆာန် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Animalia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="တိရစ္ဆာန် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Animalia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="တိရစ္ဆာန် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Animalia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="တိရစ္ဆာန် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Animalia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="တိရစ္ဆာန် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Animalia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="တိရစ္ဆာန် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Animalia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:pink; padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="တိရစ္ဆာန် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Animalia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>ဇီဝဗေဒ လောက (kingdom)အရန်းယို <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%A1%E1%80%97%E1%80%B0%E1%82%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="သက်အောဝ်ႏရုပ်အစုအဗူႏ (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">သက်အောဝ်ႏရုပ်အစုအဗူႏ</a> (organisms)ဖုံႏ အွဉ်ႏစုဗူႏအီတာႏ ကသုံꩻအီနောဝ်ꩻနယ်ꩻယံတဗာႏအနေႏ အောဝ်ႏသုံꩻအာ အောဝ်ႏသုံꩻလုဲင်းတန်စွဉ်ႏလဲ့ သဖော်ꩻတညီႏတောဝ်းဒွိုန်းလို့လို့တဲင် ပြဿနာႏယင်ဟန်ႏ အောဝ်ႏကုဲင်ကဒွိုန်းသွူ။ ပျဿနာႏဖုံႏနောဝ်ꩻ - </p> <ul><li>ကနုဲင်းဒါႏ Protozoa လောကအရန်းယို ခါႏလားကထူႏ ဇီဝဗေဒ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ကလိက်ဒ် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">ကလိက်ဒ်</a> (clade) နောဝ်ꩻ ထူႏလုဲင်ႏဗော့ꩻ ဇီဝဗေဒ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ဂရိတ် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">ဂရိတ်</a>(grade) တဲင် ထွာအနမ်းခြောင်ꩻတင်(ကိုယ်စားပြု)အနေႏ</li></ul> <p>အွဉ်ႏနယ်ပျဗော့ꩻတွော့ꩻ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phylogenetic_classification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phylogenetic classification (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">phylogenetic classification</a> စနစ်ဖုံႏ တလက်ခံႏတောဝ်းနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%80%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ယူကဲရီးယုတ်စ် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">ယူကဲရီးယုတ်စ်</a> (eukaryotes) အလောင်း သုတေသနဖုံႏ ကမော့ꩻဆုဲင်ꩻဒါႏဗꩻထမ်ယိုခါအလꩻ ကအောဝ်ႏထွူလဲဉ်း ခွိုꩻမျိုꩻခွဲꩻအွဉ်ႏဖြယ်စနစ်ဖုံႏ(မျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်းစနစ်)ယို အီႏအွဉ်ႏထွော့ဗာႏ အစွိုꩻ(အုပ်စု)နောဝ်ꩻ တထွာနွောင်ꩻတောဝ်းဒွိုန်းသွူ။ ခွိုင်ႏကသေလဲဉ်း ဗꩻထမ် (၂၀၁၀ )ဗာႏနေင်ႏ လာဧပြီ အလꩻ လောက (kingdom)အရန်းအုပ်စုမုဲင်ꩻတယောဝ်း အီႏလက်ခံႏဗာႏ အခရာႏ လုဲင်းလုဲင်းအတာႏ သုတေသနကသေလွဉ်ဖုံႏ လိုမ်းလိုမ်းကိုမ်ႏကိုမ်ႏ တအောဝ်ႏတောဝ်းဒွိုန်းနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ အေဉ်ဒရူးရော်စျာ (Andrew Roger)တောမ်ႏ အဲလဲစ်သတဲယားသေဉ်းပသန် (Alastair Simpson) သီး ထွိုင်ႏစဲစ်ဆေꩻ (၂၀၀၉) ဗာႏနေင်ႏနောဝ်ꩻ ကမော့ꩻတသာဒါႏအချက်ဖုံႏအလောင်းယို အောဝ်ႏလိုႏ အွဉ်ႏသတိ မာꩻယွယွ (ဂရုတစိုက်)၊ အွဉ်ႏလုံ့လဝီရိယ မာꩻကျိုꩻစာꩻမွေးမွေးအကျောင်ꩻ ယို " ပွိုင်းဝွို့တောမ်ႏ ယူကဲရီးယုတ် (eukaryote) သက်အောဝ်ႏသားစွိုꩻအုပ်စုထာꩻဖူꩻရွေꩻ (tree of life)ယို နီလိုꩻသီး ကသေခါꩻနောဝ်ꩻ အောဝ်ႏပြောင်ꩻလွေꩻမွိုင်ငါႏတဲင် အောဝ်ႏလိုꩻခွုမ်မာꩻလွေꩻ အောဝ်ႏလိုႏအွဉ်ႏသတိတန်တန်ငါႏ" အကျောင်ꩻ အွဉ်ႏအရေꩻဒေါ့နယ်လွေꩻနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၈<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="အာႏကွိုꩻ"><span id=".E1.80.A1.E1.80.AC.E1.82.8F.E1.80.80.E1.80.BD.E1.80.AD.E1.80.AF.EA.A9.BB"></span>အာႏကွိုꩻ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="ခြပ်ချော်ꩻ အကွို့ꩻယို: အာႏကွိုꩻ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>မွဉ်းဖျင်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: အာႏကွိုꩻ"><span>မွဉ်းဖျင်အရွီးခိုႏ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1068">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Linnaeus1735-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Linnaeus1735_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLinnaeus1735" class="citation book cs1">Linnaeus၊ C. (1735)။ <i>Systemae Naturae, sive regna tria naturae, systematics proposita per classes, ordines, genera & species</i>။</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systemae+Naturae%2C+sive+regna+tria+naturae%2C+systematics+proposita+per+classes%2C+ordines%2C+genera+%26+species&rft.date=1735&rft.aulast=Linnaeus&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fblk.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80+%28%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%29" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2340">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haeckel-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Haeckel_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHaeckel1866" class="citation book cs1">Haeckel၊ E. (1866)။ <i>Generelle Morphologie der Organismen</i>။ Reimer, Berlin။</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generelle+Morphologie+der+Organismen&rft.pub=Reimer%2C+Berlin&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Haeckel&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fblk.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80+%28%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2340"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chatton1925-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Chatton1925_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "<i>Pansporella perplexa</i>. Réflexions sur la biologie et la phylogénie des protozoaires"  (1925). <i>Annales des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale</i> <b>10-VII</b>: 1–84.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27%27Pansporella+perplexa%27%27.+R%C3%A9flexions+sur+la+biologie+et+la+phylog%C3%A9nie+des+protozoaires&rft.jtitle=Annales+des+Sciences+Naturelles+-+Zoologie+et+Biologie+Animale&rft.date=1925&rft.volume=10-VII&rft.pages=1%E2%80%9384"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chatton-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Chatton_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChatton1937" class="citation book cs1">Chatton၊ É. (1937)။ <i>Titres et Travaux Scientifiques (1906–1937)</i>။ Sette, Sottano, Italy။</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Titres+et+Travaux+Scientifiques+%281906%E2%80%931937%29&rft.pub=Sette%2C+Sottano%2C+Italy&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Chatton&rft.aufirst=%C3%89.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fblk.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80+%28%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2340"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Copeland1938-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Copeland1938_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "The kingdoms of organisms"  (1938). <i>Quarterly Review of Biology</i> <b>13</b>: 383–420. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F394568">10.1086/394568</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+kingdoms+of+organisms&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Review+of+Biology&rft.date=1938&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=383%E2%80%93420&rft_id=info:doi/10.1086%2F394568"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Copeland1956-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Copeland1956_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCopeland1956" class="citation book cs1">Copeland၊ H. F. (1956)။ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/classificationof00cope#page/6/mode/2up"><i>The Classification of Lower Organisms</i></a>။ Palo Alto: Pacific Books။ p. 6။ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5962%2Fbhl.title.4474">10.5962/bhl.title.4474</a>။</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Classification+of+Lower+Organisms&rft.place=Palo+Alto&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Pacific+Books&rft.date=1956&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5962%2Fbhl.title.4474&rft.aulast=Copeland&rft.aufirst=H.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fclassificationof00cope%23page%2F6%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fblk.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80+%28%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2340"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whittaker1969-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Whittaker1969_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "New concepts of kingdoms of organisms"  (January 1969). <i>Science</i> <b>163</b> (3863): 150–60. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.163.3863.150">10.1126/science.163.3863.150</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5762760?dopt=Abstract">PMID 5762760</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode" class="extiw" title="en:Bibcode">en:Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969Sci...163..150W">1969Sci...163..150W</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+concepts+of+kingdoms+of+organisms&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.date=January+1969&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=3863&rft.pages=150%E2%80%9360&rft_id=info:pmid/5762760&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.163.3863.150"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woese1977-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Woese1977_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "An ancient divergence among the bacteria"  (August 1977). <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i> <b>9</b> (4): 305–311. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01796092">10.1007/BF01796092</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/408502?dopt=Abstract">PMID 408502</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode" class="extiw" title="en:Bibcode">en:Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977JMolE...9..305B">1977JMolE...9..305B</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+ancient+divergence+among+the+bacteria&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Evolution&rft.date=August+1977&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=305%E2%80%93311&rft_id=info:pmid/408502&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF01796092"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woese1977b-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Woese1977b_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=432104">Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms</a>"  (November 1977). <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i> <b>74</b> (11): 5088–90. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.74.11.5088">10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/270744?dopt=Abstract">PMID 270744</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode" class="extiw" title="en:Bibcode">en:Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977PNAS...74.5088W">1977PNAS...74.5088W</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+structure+of+the+prokaryotic+domain%3A+the+primary+kingdoms&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.date=November+1977&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=5088%E2%80%9390&rft_id=info:pmid/270744&rft_id=info:pmc/432104&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.74.11.5088"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woese1990-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Woese1990_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/87/12/4576">Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.</a>"  (1990). <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i> <b>87</b> (12): 4576–9. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.87.12.4576">10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2112744?dopt=Abstract">PMID 2112744</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="extiw" title="en:PubMed Central">PMC</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=54159">54159</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode" class="extiw" title="en:Bibcode">en:Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990PNAS...87.4576W">1990PNAS...87.4576W</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Towards+a+natural+system+of+organisms%3A+proposal+for+the+domains+Archaea%2C+Bacteria%2C+and+Eucarya.&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.date=1990&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=4576%E2%80%939&rft_id=info:pmid/2112744&rft_id=info:pmc/54159&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.87.12.4576&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F87%2F12%2F4576"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine?"  (1981). <i>Bio Systems</i> <b>14</b> (3–4): 461–481. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0303-2647%2881%2990050-2">10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7337818?dopt=Abstract">PMID 7337818</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Eukaryote+kingdoms%3A+seven+or+nine%3F&rft.jtitle=Bio+Systems&rft.date=1981&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=461%E2%80%93481&rft_id=info:pmid/7337818&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0303-2647%2881%2990050-2"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "Origins of secondary metabolism"  (1992). <i>Ciba Foundation symposium</i> <b>171</b>: 64–80; discussion 80–7. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1302186?dopt=Abstract">PMID 1302186</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Origins+of+secondary+metabolism&rft.jtitle=Ciba+Foundation+symposium&rft.date=1992&rft.volume=171&rft.pages=64%E2%80%9380%3B+discussion+80%E2%80%937&rft_id=info:pmid/1302186"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=372943">Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla</a>"  (1993). <i>Microbiological reviews</i> <b>57</b> (4): 953–994. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1128%2Fmmbr.57.4.953-994.1993">10.1128/mmbr.57.4.953-994.1993</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8302218?dopt=Abstract">PMID 8302218</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kingdom+protozoa+and+its+18+phyla&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+reviews&rft.date=1993&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=953%E2%80%93994&rft_id=info:pmid/8302218&rft_id=info:pmc/372943&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2Fmmbr.57.4.953-994.1993"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCavalier-Smith1998" class="citation cs2">Cavalier-Smith၊ T. (1998)၊ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=685">"A revised six-kingdom system of life"</a>၊ <i>Biological Reviews</i>၊ <b>73</b> (03): 203–66၊ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x">10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x</a>၊ <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9809012">9809012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Reviews&rft.atitle=A+revised+six-kingdom+system+of+life&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=03&rft.pages=203-66&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9809012&rft.aulast=Cavalier-Smith&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%2Faction%2FdisplayAbstract%3FfromPage%3Donline%26aid%3D685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fblk.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80+%28%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2340"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CavalierSmith2004-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CavalierSmith2004_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCavalier-Smith2004" class="citation cs2">Cavalier-Smith၊ T. (2004)၊ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cladocera.de/protozoa/cavalier-smith_2004_prs.pdf">"Only six kingdoms of life"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>၊ <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>၊ <b>271</b>: 1251–62၊ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2004.2705">10.1098/rspb.2004.2705</a>၊ <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691724">1691724</a></span>၊ <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15306349">15306349</a><span class="reference-accessdate">၊ <span class="nowrap">2010-04-29</span> တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Only+six+kingdoms+of+life&rft.volume=271&rft.pages=1251-62&rft.date=2004&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1691724&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15306349&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2004.2705&rft.aulast=Cavalier-Smith&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cladocera.de%2Fprotozoa%2Fcavalier-smith_2004_prs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fblk.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80+%28%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2340"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid20031978-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid20031978_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Cavalier-Smith T (June 2010). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=20031978">Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree</a>". <i>Biol. Lett.</i> <b>6</b> (3): 342–5. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbl.2009.0948">10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20031978?dopt=Abstract">PMID 20031978</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="extiw" title="en:PubMed Central">PMC</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2880060">2880060</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kingdoms+Protozoa+and+Chromista+and+the+eozoan+root+of+the+eukaryotic+tree&rft.jtitle=Biol.+Lett.&rft.date=June+2010&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.au=Cavalier-Smith+T&rft.pages=342%E2%80%935&rft_id=info:pmid/20031978&rft_id=info:pmc/2880060&rft_id=info:doi/10.1098%2Frsbl.2009.0948&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org%2Fcgi%2Fpmidlookup%3Fview%3Dlong%26pmid%3D20031978"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4418965">A higher level classification of all living organisms</a>"  (2015). <i>PLOS ONE</i> <b>10</b> (4): e0119248. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0119248">10.1371/journal.pone.0119248</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25923521?dopt=Abstract">PMID 25923521</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode" class="extiw" title="en:Bibcode">en:Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PLoSO..1019248R">2015PLoSO..1019248R</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+higher+level+classification+of+all+living+organisms&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.date=2015&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=e0119248&rft_id=info:pmid/25923521&rft_id=info:pmc/4418965&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0119248"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "Evolution: Revisiting the Root of the Eukaryote Tree"  (2009). <i>Current Biology</i> <b>19</b> (4): R165–7. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2008.12.032">10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.032</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19243692?dopt=Abstract">PMID 19243692</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evolution%3A+Revisiting+the+Root+of+the+Eukaryote+Tree&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.date=2009&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=R165%E2%80%937&rft_id=info:pmid/19243692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2008.12.032"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">ထူႏ "<a dir="ltr" href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=လောက_(ဇီဝဗေဒ)&oldid=28777">https://blk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=လောက_(ဇီဝဗေဒ)&oldid=28777</a>" ကို</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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