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title="Fensale – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fensale" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fensal" title="Fensal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fensal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fensalir" title="Fensalir – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fensalir" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fensalir" title="Fensalir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fensalir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fensalir" title="Fensalir – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fensalir" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fensalir" title="Fensalir – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fensalir" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%AB" title="フェンサリル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェンサリル" 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mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info"><p><b>This is an <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">old revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:Holt" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Holt" data-mw-revid="268353019"><bdi>Holt</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Holt" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Holt">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Holt" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Holt">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">23:07, 3 February 2009</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#References">→<bdi dir="ltr">References</bdi></a>: </span> Fix.)</span></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fensalir">current revision</a></span>.</b></p><div id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 23:07, 3 February 2009 by <a href="/wiki/User:Holt" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Holt" data-mw-revid="268353019"><bdi>Holt</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Holt" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Holt">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Holt" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Holt">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#References">→<bdi dir="ltr">References</bdi></a>: </span> Fix.)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fensalir&diff=prev&oldid=268353019" title="Fensalir">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fensalir&direction=prev&oldid=268353019" title="Fensalir">← Previous revision</a> | <a href="/wiki/Fensalir" title="Fensalir">Latest revision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fensalir&diff=cur&oldid=268353019" title="Fensalir">diff</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fensalir&direction=next&oldid=268353019" title="Fensalir">Newer revision →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fensalir&diff=next&oldid=268353019" title="Fensalir">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frigg_by_Doepler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Frigg_by_Doepler.jpg/220px-Frigg_by_Doepler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Frigg_by_Doepler.jpg/330px-Frigg_by_Doepler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Frigg_by_Doepler.jpg/440px-Frigg_by_Doepler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="1006" /></a><figcaption>"Frigg and Her Servants" (1882) by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Emil_Doepler" title="Carl Emil Doepler">Carl Emil Doepler</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>, <b>Fensalir</b> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> "<a href="/wiki/Fen" title="Fen">Fen</a> Halls"<sup id="cite_ref-ORCHARD43_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ORCHARD43-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "<a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">Bog</a>-Halls"<sup id="cite_ref-LINDOW114_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LINDOW114-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a location where the goddess <a href="/wiki/Frigg" title="Frigg">Frigg</a> dwells. Fensalir is attested in the <i><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Edda" title="Poetic Edda">Poetic Edda</a></i>, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Prose_Edda" title="Prose Edda">Prose Edda</a></i>, written in the 13th century by <a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Snorri Sturluson</a>. Scholars have proposed theories about the implications of the location, including that the location may have some connection to religious practices involving <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrosphere)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring (hydrosphere)">springs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norse_paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse paganism">Norse paganism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attestations">Attestations</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Jutlandic_Bog_IV.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Northern_Jutlandic_Bog_IV.JPG/220px-Northern_Jutlandic_Bog_IV.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Northern_Jutlandic_Bog_IV.JPG/330px-Northern_Jutlandic_Bog_IV.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Northern_Jutlandic_Bog_IV.JPG/440px-Northern_Jutlandic_Bog_IV.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>A bog in northern <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <i>Poetic Edda</i> poem <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lusp%C3%A1" title="Völuspá">Völuspá</a></i>, Frigg is described as weeping over her son <a href="/wiki/Baldr" title="Baldr">Baldr</a>'s death in Fensalir. This stanza is absent in the <i><a href="/wiki/Hauksb%C3%B3k" title="Hauksbók">Hauksbók</a></i> manuscript of the poem.<sup id="cite_ref-LINDOW114_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LINDOW114-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The portion of the stanza mentioning Fensalir foretells that vengeance will come for the death of Baldr and that: </p> <blockquote> <dl><dd>while Frigg wept</dd> <dd>in Fen Halls</dd> <dd>for <a href="/wiki/Valhalla" title="Valhalla">Valhǫll's</a> woe.<sup id="cite_ref-DRONKE16_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRONKE16-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </blockquote> <p>In chapter 35 of the <i>Prose Edda</i> book <i><a href="/wiki/Gylfaginning" title="Gylfaginning">Gylfaginning</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/High,_Just-As-High,_and_Third" class="mw-redirect" title="High, Just-As-High, and Third">High</a> tells <a href="/wiki/Gangleri" class="mw-disambig" title="Gangleri">Gangleri</a> (described as king <a href="/wiki/Gylfi" title="Gylfi">Gylfi</a> in disguise) that Frigg is the highest among the <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ss" class="mw-redirect" title="Áss">ásynjur</a>, and that "she has a dwelling called Fensalir and it is very splendid."<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES29_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES29-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In chapter 49, High says that when <a href="/wiki/Loki" title="Loki">Loki</a> witnessed that Baldr had gained invincibility due to the oath all things took not to harm him, Loki went to a Fensalir appearing as a woman. In his disguise, Loki there asked Frigg why Baldr was not harmed by the objects. Frigg revealed that it is due to the oath they have taken. The disguised Loki asks if nothing can hurt Baldr, and Frigg reveals that only <a href="/wiki/Mistletoe" title="Mistletoe">mistletoe</a> can, for it seemed to her too young to demand an oath from. After this, Loki immediately disappears, and subsequently engineers the death of Baldr with a mistletoe projectile.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES48_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES48-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <i>Prose Edda</i> book <i><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A1ldskaparm%C3%A1l" title="Skáldskaparmál">Skáldskaparmál</a></i>, Fensalir receives a third and final mention. In chapter 19, ways to refer to Frigg are provided, including that Frigg may be referred to as "queen of <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ss" class="mw-redirect" title="Áss">Æsir</a> and Asyniur, of <a href="/wiki/Fulla" title="Fulla">Fulla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Falcon" title="Falcon">falcon</a> form and Fensalir."<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES86_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES86-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theories">Theories</h2></div> <p>In 1882, the German scholar Anton Edzardi proposed that Fensalir may point to religious practices involving <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrosphere)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring (hydrosphere)">springs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EDZARDI-LINDOW_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDZARDI-LINDOW-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Lindow" title="John Lindow">John Lindow</a> comments that "I have no idea why Frigg should live in a <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">boggy</a> place, despite the old argument that there is an association with a cult situated at a spring."<sup id="cite_ref-LINDOW114_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LINDOW114-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Simek" title="Rudolf Simek">Rudolf Simek</a> comments that Edzardi's theory "must remain unanswered."<sup id="cite_ref-SIMEK81_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMEK81-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Edzardi theorized a connection between Fensalir and a belief in folklore that particular swamps act as an entrance to the realm of <a href="/wiki/Holda" class="mw-redirect" title="Holda">Holda</a>, whom he connects with the Frigg.<sup id="cite_ref-GILDERSLEEVE105_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GILDERSLEEVE105-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an 18th century work, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Mallet" title="Paul Henri Mallet">Paul Henri Mallet</a> and Walter Scott write that the "fen" element of <i>Fensalir</i> "may also be made to sig[nify] the watery deep, or the <a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">sea</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-MALLETSCOTT550_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MALLETSCOTT550-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> has resulted in theories that the name <i>Fensalir</i> may mean "Sea Halls" rather than "Fen Halls." In his 19th century translation of the <i>Poetic Edda</i>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams_Bellows" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Henry Adams Bellows">Henry Adams Bellows</a> comments that "some scholars have regarded [Frigg] as a solar myth, calling her the <a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">sun-goddess</a>, and pointing out that her home in <i>Fensalir</i> ("the sea-halls") symbolizes the daily setting of the sun beneath the ocean horizon."<sup id="cite_ref-BELLOWS15_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BELLOWS15-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ORCHARD43-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ORCHARD43_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orchard (1997:43).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LINDOW114-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LINDOW114_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LINDOW114_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LINDOW114_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindow (2001:114).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRONKE16-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DRONKE16_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dronke (1997:16).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES29-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES29_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes (1995:29).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES48-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES48_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes (1995:48).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES86-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES86_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes (1995:86).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EDZARDI-LINDOW-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EDZARDI-LINDOW_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edzardi (1882:330–339) referenced in Lindow (2001:115).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIMEK81-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SIMEK81_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simek (2007:81).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GILDERSLEEVE105-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GILDERSLEEVE105_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gildersleeve (1883:105).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MALLETSCOTT550-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MALLETSCOTT550_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mallet, Scott (1847:550).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BELLOWS15-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BELLOWS15_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bellows (2004:15).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bellows, Henry Adams (Trans.) (2004). <i>The Poetic Edda: The Mythological Poems</i>. <a href="/wiki/Courier_Dover_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Courier Dover Publications">Courier Dover Publications</a>. ISBN 0486437108</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:De_icon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:De icon (page does not exist)">Template:De icon</a> Edzardi, Anton (1882). "Fensalir und Vegtamskvida 12, 5ff." in <i>Germania</i> 27, edited by Franz Pfeiffer, pp. 330–339. Wien: Verlag von Carl Gerold's Sohn.</li> <li>Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995). <i>Edda</i>. <a href="/wiki/Everyman%27s_Library" title="Everyman's Library">Everyman</a>. ISBN 0-4608-7616-3</li> <li>Dronke, Ursula (Trans.) (1997). <i>The Poetic Edda: Volume II: Mythological Poems</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. ISBN 0198111819</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindow" title="John Lindow">Lindow, John</a> (2001). <i>Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. ISBN 0-19-515382-0</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Lanneau_Gildersleeve" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve">Gildersleeve, L. Basil</a> (ed.) (1883). <i>American Journal of Philology</i>. Vol. IV. New York and London: Macmillan & Co.</li> <li>Mallet, Paul Henri. Scott, Walter (1847) translated by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Percy" class="mw-disambig" title="Thomas Percy">Thomas Percy</a>. <i>Northern Antiquities: Or, An Historical Account of the Manners, Customs, Religion and Laws, Maritime Expeditions and Discoveries, Language and Literature of the Ancient Scandinavians</i>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Bohn" title="Henry George Bohn">H. G. Bohn</a>.</li> <li>Orchard, Andy (1997). <i>Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cassell" class="mw-disambig" title="Cassell">Cassell</a>. ISBN 0 304 34520 2</li> <li>Simek, Rudolf (2007) translated by Angela Hall. <i>Dictionary of Northern Mythology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Boydell_%26_Brewer" title="Boydell & Brewer">D.S. Brewer</a> ISBN 0859915131</li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fensalir&oldid=268353019">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fensalir&oldid=268353019</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Bogs,_fens_and_marshes_in_mythology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Bogs, fens and marshes in mythology (page does not exist)">Bogs, fens and marshes in mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Locations_in_Norse_mythology" title="Category:Locations in Norse mythology">Locations in Norse mythology</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 February 2009, at 23:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. 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