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class="menu-text">Blog</span></span></a></li> </ul> <div class='mobile-mini-widgets-in-menu'></div> </div> <div class="page-title title-left solid-bg page-title-responsive-enabled"> <div class="wf-wrap"> <div class="page-title-head hgroup"><h1 class="entry-title">Indigene protestieren gegen den Bau sogenannter „kleiner“ Wasserkraftwerke am Rio das Mortes</h1></div><div class="page-title-breadcrumbs"><div class="assistive-text">Sie befinden sich hier:</div><ol class="breadcrumbs text-small" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a itemprop="item" href="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/" title=""><span itemprop="name">Start</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1" /></li><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a itemprop="item" href="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/kategorie/aktuelles/" title=""><span itemprop="name">Aktuelles</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2" /></li><li class="current" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><span itemprop="name">Indigene protestieren gegen den Bau…</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3" /></li></ol></div> </div> </div> <div id="main" class="sidebar-none sidebar-divider-off"> <div class="main-gradient"></div> <div class="wf-wrap"> <div class="wf-container-main"> <div id="content" class="content" role="main"> <article id="post-3311" class="vertical-fancy-style post-3311 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-aktuelles category-allgemein category-belo-monte category-proteste category-staudaemme tag-ilo-169 tag-kleinwasserkraftwerke tag-konsultationsprotokolle tag-mato-grosso tag-rio-das-mortes category-439 category-11 category-8 category-53 category-20 description-off"> <div class="post-thumbnail"><div class="fancy-date"><a title="17:03" href="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/blog/2024/10/22/" rel="nofollow"><span class="entry-month">Okt</span><span class="entry-date updated">22</span><span class="entry-year">2024</span></a></div><span class="fancy-categories"><a href="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/kategorie/aktuelles/" rel="category tag" style="background-color:#;color:#;">Aktuelles</a><a href="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/kategorie/allgemein/" rel="category tag">Allgemein</a><a href="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/kategorie/belo-monte/" rel="category tag">Belo Monte</a><a href="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/kategorie/proteste/" rel="category tag">Proteste</a><a href="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/kategorie/staudaemme/" rel="category tag" style="background-color:#;color:#;">Staudämme</a></span><img class="preload-me lazy-load" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20760%20380'%2F%3E" data-src="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Symbolbild-freifliessender-Fluss-foto-verena-glass-760x380.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Symbolbild-freifliessender-Fluss-foto-verena-glass-760x380.jpg 760w, https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Symbolbild-freifliessender-Fluss-foto-verena-glass-761x380.jpg 761w" width="760" height="380" title="Symbolbild freifliessender Fluss-foto-verena glass" alt="Symbolbild freifliessender Flüsse, Foto: Verena Glass" /></div><div class="entry-content"><p>Indigene Völker aus dem zentralbrasilianischen Bundesstaat Mato Grosso hatten vergangene Woche an einer <a href="https://www.mpf.mp.br/mt/sala-de-imprensa/noticias-mt/mpf-realiza-reuniao-com-indigenas-para-tratar-dos-impactos-de-hidreletricas-no-rio-das-mortes-em-mt" target="_blank" rel="noopener">von der Bundesstaatsanwaltschaft organisierten öffentlichen Anhörung teilgenommen</a>, die in der Gemeinde Barra do Garças – westlich der brasilianischen Bundeshauptstadt Brasília und östlich der Hauptstadt Cuiabá gelegen – veranstaltet wurde. Ziel der Anhörung war es laut der Bundesstaatsanwaltschaft war es, die indigenen Völker zu den Auswirkungen des Baus von vier Kleinwasserkraftwerken auf den Lauf des Rio das Mortes anzuhören. Nun wurde durch <a href="https://www.semana7.com.br/cidades/indigenas-protestam-contra-construcao-de-quatro-hidreletricas-no-rio-das-mortes/70664" target="_blank" rel="noopener">weitere Medienberichte</a> bekannt, dass die auf der Anhörung anwesenden rund 40 Indigenen gegen die Kleinwasserkraftwerke und deren Bau mit Nachdruck protestieren, da sie sich durch den geplanten Bau der Wasserkraftwerke in ihren Rechten verletzt sehen.</p> <p>Der Fluss Rio das Mortes, der in der Gemeinde Campo Verde entspringt und in der Nähe der Stadt São Félix do Araguaia in den Araguaia-Flüsse mündet, fließt dem Medienbericht zufolge durch die indigenen Gebiete von Sangradouro, Volta Grande, Merure, São Marcos, Areões und Pimentel Barbosa. Für den Kaziken Edmundo Dzu’aiwi Õmore aus dem Dorf São Francisco im Indigenen Territorium São Marcos, der zugleich auch Präsident des Indigenen Gesundheitsbezirksrates – Condisi Xavante – ist, hätten die ökologischen und sozialen Auswirkungen der Kleinwasserkraftwerke einen negativen Einfluss auf die Fauna, Flora und die psychische Gesundheit der Mitglieder der indigenen Gemeinschaften. „Diese Gier nach Kleinwasserkraftwerken, der Bau dieser Wasserkraft-Dämme am Rio das Mortes, sie versuchen bereits, unsere Verfassung mit ihren Artikeln 233 und 232 zu zerreißen. Die Xavante-Bevölkerung sehen diese Politik des Kapitalismus mit ihren Auswirkungen, wir stehen aber auf der Seite des Rechts“, sagte der Kazike laut dem Portal Semana7. Die Artikel 232 und 233 sind Artikel der brasilianischen Verfassung, die den Schutz und die Territorialrechte der Indigenen Völker Brasiliens als unveräusserliche Grundrechte festlegen.</p> <p>Silvério Xavante, der Generaldirektor des indigenen Territoriums Areões, betonte laut dem Medienbericht bei Semana7 seine Besorgnis über die Bauarbeiten. „Die Auswirkungen, die das Wasserkraftwerk auf unser Land haben wird, sind, dass wir nicht wissen, wo wir trinken werden, wo die Tiere trinken werden, es ist der einzige Fluss, in dem alle baden, wir wollen nicht, dass das Unternehmen dort Wasserkraftwerke am Fluss installiert. Wir Anführer, die am unteren Teil des Flusses Mortes leben, sind nie von den Unternehmen angesprochen worden, sie waren nie dort, wir wurden nie konsultiert“, erklärte er.</p> <p>Brasiien hat die ILO-Konvention Nr. 169 ratifiziert, die den Schutz der indigenen Völker verlangt. Und Brasiliens Gesetzgebung und Rechtssprechung sieht angepasst an die ILO 169 die freie, vorherige und informierte Konsultation der indigenen Völker bei allen die direkt oder indirekt betreffenden Projekten vor. Rechtlich nicht ganz geklärt ist, wie genau eine solche Konsultation abzulaufen hat. In der Vergangenheit sah Brasilien es beim Bau von Staudämmen wie dem Bau des 11-GW-Staudamms Belo Monte als hinreichend an, wenn Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfungen durchgeführt wurde, Auflagen seitens des Staates an die Unternehmen ausgesprochen und diese auch gerichtlich bekräftigt wurden, von denen aber viele bis heute (wie beim <a href="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/?s=Belo+Monte" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Fall Belo Monte, siehe umfassende Berichterstattung von GegenStrömung</a>) noch nicht umgesetzt wurden. Ein weiterer Streitpunkt ist die Frage, ob es hinreichend sei, öffentliche Anhörungen durchzuführen, um die Betroffenen zu Worte kommen zu lassen. In der Vergangenheit waren dies oft regionale Veranstaltungen, die schwer zu erreichen waren für eher in ländlich geprägten Gegenden lebende Betroffene und deren Sprache laut Aussage der Anwesenden (wie im Falle Belo Monte) oft in zu technischer Fachsprache abgehalten werden. Auch die Anwesenheit von nicht selten auch bewaffnetem Sicherheitspersonal wirkt oft einschüchternd auf die Betroffenen.</p> <p>Um ihren Rechten als traditionelle Gemeinschaften und Völker mehr Nachdruck zu verleihen, setzen in Brasilien in den letzten Jahren die indigenen Völker, die Quilombola-Gemeinschaften und die weiteren traditionellen Gemeinschaften vermehrt auf die Erstellung sogenannter selbsterstellter Konsultationsprotokolle.</p> <p>Es gibt mittlerweile eine Vielzahl an von den traditionellen Völkern und Gemeinschaften selbst erstellten Konsultationsprotokollen: von Indigenen Völkern und Gemeinschaften, von Quilombola-Völkern und Gemeinschaften, von traditionellen Völkern und Gemeinschaften, von traditionellen Gemeinschaften zur Erhaltung der Sozio-Biodiversität sowie von Indigenen, Quilombolas und anderen traditionellen Gemeinschaften zusammen erstellten Konsultationsprotokollen. Und die Tendenz ist weiter steigend. Denn: Es gab einen Präzedenzfall, der die potentiell in den selbsterstellten Konsultationsprotokollen schlummernde Gesetzeswirkmächtigkeit offenbarte: der Fall Belo Sun und die indigenen Juruna.</p> <p>Am deutlichsten sichtbar wurde die Effektivität dieser selbsterstellten Konsultationsprotokolle im Falle der indigenen Juruna (traditionelle Bezeichnung Yudjá) im Indigenen Territorium Terra Indígena Paquiçamba in der Volta Grande do Xingu im Kampf gegen Brasilien künftig vielleicht größten Offenen Goldtagebau der Firma Belo Sun. Das Volk der Juruna hatte 2017 selbst ein Konsultationsprotokoll erstellt, das genau festlegt, auf welche Art und Weise jedweder von Außen sie betreffender Kontakt (einschließlich ökonomischer Aktivitäten oder auch journalistischer oder anthropologische Kontaktaufnahme) abzulaufen habe. Noch im selben Jahr wurde dieses Protokoll bei den kommunalen, bundesstaatlichen und föderalen Behörden hinterlegt. Und gleich im Dezember 2017 setzte das Justizgericht von Pará TRF1 die laufende Umweltgenehmigung für die Firma Belo Sun an der Volta Grande do Xingu aus. Das Gericht folgte darin der Einschätzung der Klage der Bundesstaatsanwaltschaft, dass die Firma aus Kanada sich in ihrem Vorgehen vor Ort nicht an die Richtlinien des bei den Behörden hinterlegten Konsultationsprotokoll der Juruna gehalten habe und somit eine Verletzung der ILO-Konvention 169 zum Schutze der Rechte der Indigene Völker vorliege.</p> <p><strong>Zum Hintergrund sogenannter „kleiner Wasserkraftwerke“</strong><br /> Kleinwasserkraftprojekte werden meist als umweltfreundliche Alternativen zu größeren Staudämmen gefördert und als „harmlos“ wegen ihrer geringen Größe propagiert. Vor allem in Brasilien führt dies oft dazu, dass in einem Wassereinzugsgebiet eine Vielzahl an Kleinwasserkratwerken gebaut werden, ohne dass hinreichend darauf geachtet wird, welche kumulativen Effekte diese Kaskaden an Kleinwasserkraftwerken auf Flora, Fauna und Mensch bewirken. Es gibt keine international gültige Definition eines „Kleinwasserkraftwerks“. Was als Kleinwasserkraftwerk zählt, variiert von Fall zu Fall. Laut der International Commission on Large Dams sind alle Staumauern ab 15 Metern Höhe vom Fundament bis zur Krone oder von 5 bis 15 Metern mit einem Reservoir von mehr als drei Millionen Kubikmetern Großstaudämme. In vielen Ländern wird dagegen eine Megawattzahl zur Klassifizierung herangezogen: In der Regel werden demnach Kraftwerke bis zehn MW Nominalkapazität als Kleinwasserkraftwerke angesehen, von zehn bis 30 MW gelten sie als mittelgroße Kraftwerke. Länder mit besonders hohem Wasserkraftpotenzial wie Brasilien und China betrachten dagegen alle Kraftwerke bis 30 MW als „klein“, wie dem Handbuch Kleinwasserkraftwerke des Eidgenössischen Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation UVEK / Bundesamt für Energie BFE: Handbuch Kleinwasserkraftwerke. Informationen für Planung, Bau und Betrieb, Ausgabe 2011 entnommen werden kann. In Indien gelten Kleinwasserkraftwerke als „klein“, solange sie unter 25MW Größe haben.</p> <p>// <a href="https://www.outro-mundo.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Christian Russau</a></p> <div class="shariff shariff-align-center shariff-widget-align-center"><div class="ShariffHeadline"><h3 style="text-align:center;margin-top:20px">Diesen Beitrag teilen</h3></div><ul class="shariff-buttons theme-color orientation-horizontal buttonsize-small"><li class="shariff-button facebook shariff-nocustomcolor" style="background-color:#4273c8"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gegenstroemung.org%2Fblog%2Findigene-protestieren-gegen-den-bau-sogenannter-kleiner-wasserkraftwerke-am-rio-das-mortes%2F" title="Bei Facebook teilen" aria-label="Bei Facebook teilen" role="button" rel="nofollow" class="shariff-link" style="; background-color:#3b5998; color:#fff" target="_blank"><span class="shariff-icon" style=""><svg width="32px" height="20px" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 18 32"><path fill="#3b5998" d="M17.1 0.2v4.7h-2.8q-1.5 0-2.1 0.6t-0.5 1.9v3.4h5.2l-0.7 5.3h-4.5v13.6h-5.5v-13.6h-4.5v-5.3h4.5v-3.9q0-3.3 1.9-5.2t5-1.8q2.6 0 4.1 0.2z"/></svg></span><span class="shariff-text">teilen</span> </a></li><li class="shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor" style="background-color:#595959"><a href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gegenstroemung.org%2Fblog%2Findigene-protestieren-gegen-den-bau-sogenannter-kleiner-wasserkraftwerke-am-rio-das-mortes%2F&text=Indigene%20protestieren%20gegen%20den%20Bau%20sogenannter%20%E2%80%9Ekleiner%E2%80%9C%20Wasserkraftwerke%20am%20Rio%20das%20Mortes" title="Bei X teilen" aria-label="Bei X teilen" role="button" rel="noopener nofollow" class="shariff-link" style="; 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August 2024</time></div></article></div></section></div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <footer id="footer" class="footer solid-bg"> <div class="wf-wrap"> <div class="wf-container-footer"> <div class="wf-container"> <section id="text-2" class="widget widget_text wf-cell wf-1-3"><div class="widget-title">Ein Projekt von</div> <div class="textwidget"><p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-2414 alignnone" src="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/logo-h50.png" alt="" width="259" height="50" /><a href="http://infoe.de/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image 2alignnone wp-image-2416" src="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/log_-infoe_rot.png" alt="" width="112" height="70" /></a></p> <p> </p> <div class="widget-title"><strong>Blog gefördert von</strong></div> <p><strong>ENGAGEMENT GLOBAL im Auftrag des</strong></p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-2345 size-medium" src="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/web/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/BMZ_2017_Office_Farbe_de-e1619771323442-300x113.png" alt="Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung" width="300" height="113" srcset="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/BMZ_2017_Office_Farbe_de-e1619771323442-300x113.png 300w, https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/BMZ_2017_Office_Farbe_de-e1619771323442-1024x385.png 1024w, https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/BMZ_2017_Office_Farbe_de-e1619771323442-768x289.png 768w, https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/BMZ_2017_Office_Farbe_de-e1619771323442.png 1458w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p> <div class="widget-title">Website gefördert von</div> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-2419 size-medium" src="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/web/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Foerderlogo_72dpi-e1620029433532-300x108.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="108" srcset="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Foerderlogo_72dpi-e1620029433532-300x108.jpg 300w, https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Foerderlogo_72dpi-e1620029433532-768x278.jpg 768w, https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Foerderlogo_72dpi-e1620029433532-800x291.jpg 800w, https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Foerderlogo_72dpi-e1620029433532.jpg 805w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-2420" src="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/web/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Misereor_Logo.svg_-300x92.png" alt="" width="196" height="60" srcset="https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Misereor_Logo.svg_-300x92.png 300w, https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Misereor_Logo.svg_-1024x314.png 1024w, https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Misereor_Logo.svg_-768x235.png 768w, https://www.gegenstroemung.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Misereor_Logo.svg_.png 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 196px) 100vw, 196px" /></p> </div> </section><section id="text-4" class="widget widget_text wf-cell wf-1-3"><div class="widget-title">GegenStrömung</div> <div class="textwidget"><p>Wasserkraftwerke haben massive soziale und ökologische Auswirkungen. Seit 2008 setzt GegenStrömung sich dafür ein, Betroffene insbesondere im Globalen Süden zu unterstützen und politische Rahmenbedingungen so zu verändern, dass diese Auswirkungen adressiert und schädliche Projekte nicht umgesetzt werden.</p> <p>Unser Ansatz führt dabei über deutsche Akteure in globalen wirtschaftlichen und politischen Strukturen. Ob deutsche Unternehmen, die Staudämme im Ausland bauen oder finanzieren, Außenwirtschaftsförderung oder Entwicklungspolitik der Bundesregierung oder politische Rahmensetzungen in der europäischen und internationalen Energiepolitik – Entscheidungen, die in Deutschland getroffen werden, haben weltweite Auswirkungen. Durch Bildungs- und Kampagnenarbeit beeinflussen wir diese Entscheidungen und unterstützen Staudammbetroffene dabei, sich in Deutschland Gehör zu verschaffen.</p> </div> </section><section id="text-5" class="widget widget_text wf-cell wf-1-3"><div class="widget-title">Kontakt</div> <div class="textwidget"><p><strong><a href="https://www.infoe.de/">Institut f. Ökologie & Aktions-Ethnologie</a> (infoe)</strong> e.V.<br /> Melchiorstr. 3<br /> 50670 Köln</p> <p><a href="mailto:lisa.kadel@gegenstroemung.org">lisa.kadel@gegenstroemung.org</a></p> <p> </p> <div class="widget-title">Spenden</div> <p>Spendenkonto: DE29 4306 0967 4068 2739 01<br /> Kontoinhaber: Institut für Ökologie und Aktions-Ethnologie e.V. 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