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<div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Proposal</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Junction=intersection</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From OpenStreetMap Wiki</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="vcard" dir="ltr" style="margin:2px 0;background:#EEE;border:1px solid #AAA;padding:5px"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #AAA;text-align:left;font-size:120%">Another Take on Junctions </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Proposal_process#Proposal_status_overview_list" title="Proposal process">Proposal status</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Proposals_with_%22Proposed%22_status" title="Category:Proposals with "Proposed" status">Proposed</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Proposed_features_under_way" title="Category:Proposed features under way">under way</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Proposed by: </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Mwoehlke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Mwoehlke (page does not exist)">Mwoehlke</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Tagging: </th> <td><tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:junction" title="Key:junction">junction</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:junction%3Dintersection" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag:junction=intersection"><bdi>intersection</bdi></a></tt> <div style="float:right;"><small><span class="plainlinks"><span class="nowrap" title="Link to corresponding data item" style="display:inline-block;unicode-bidi:embed;font:.95em sans-serif;line-height:normal;margin:2px;border:1px outset #999;border-color:buttonface;-moz-border-radius:2px;-webkit-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px;color:#000;background:#F9F9F9;background-color:buttonface;background:#E8E8E8;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,color-stop(0%,#FCFCFC),color-stop(100%,#E8E8E8));background:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#FCFCFC,#E8E8E8);background:-moz-linear-gradient(top,#FCFCFC,#E8E8E8);background:-o-linear-gradient(top,#FCFCFC,#E8E8E8);background:-ms-linear-gradient(top,#FCFCFC,#E8E8E8);background:linear-gradient(top,#FCFCFC,#E8E8E8);color:#000;color:buttontext;padding:3px .4em;white-space:nowrap;letter-spacing:normal;word-spacing:normal;text-shadow:none;text-indent:0;text-transform:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17540">Data item</a></span> </span></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Applies to: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Way" title="way"><img alt="way" src="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/20px-Osm_element_way.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/30px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/40px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 2x" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Definition: </th> <td>Identifies portions of a <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:highway" title="Key:highway">highway</a></bdi>=*</tt> which are part of an intersection </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Statistics: </th> <td><iframe frameborder="0" width="220" height="100" src="//taginfo.openstreetmap.org/embed/tag?key=junction&value=intersection"></iframe> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Rendered as: </th> <td>No change </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Category:Proposals_with_%22Draft%22_status">Draft</a></span> started: </th> <td>2020-07-08 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Proposal_talk:Junction%3Dintersection" title="Proposal talk:Junction=intersection">RFC</a> start: </th> <td>2020-07-10 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Proposal"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Proposal</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Rationale"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Rationale</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Why_not_use_a_relation?"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Why not use a relation?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Why_not_use_an_area?"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Why not use an area?</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Modeling"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Modeling</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#What_is_an_intersection?"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">What is an intersection?</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Rendering"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Rendering</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Comments"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Comments</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_discussions"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External discussions</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Proposal">Proposal</span></h2> <p>I propose to add a new value <code>intersection</code> to the existing <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:junction" title="Key:junction">junction</a></bdi>=*</tt> key. This would be advised for portions of roads which are part of a logical intersection. For example, in the image below, 'm', 'n', 'p' and 'q' would be so tagged. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Rationale">Rationale</span></h2> <p>Currently there exists no accepted way to specify the extent of a junction, although multiple proposals have been put forth (the rationales of prior proposals generally apply here also). In particular, certain uses of OSM data (e.g. routing and traffic simulation) can be confused by the way complex intersections are often modeled. Consider, for example, a typical intersection of dual carriageways controlled by a traffic light: </p><p><a href="/wiki/File:Doublejunction.svg" class="image" title="height=200px"><img alt="height=200px" src="/w/images/thumb/6/6f/Doublejunction.svg/198px-Doublejunction.svg.png" decoding="async" width="198" height="198" srcset="/w/images/thumb/6/6f/Doublejunction.svg/297px-Doublejunction.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/6/6f/Doublejunction.svg/396px-Doublejunction.svg.png 2x" /></a> </p><p>Each direction of the road consists of a separate way, such that the intersection — logically, a single entity — ends up with four nodes. Worse, if each node is tagged as a traffic signal (which is often done when a signal is present), each way <i>appears</i> to have two signals, when in reality there is only one, which can affect trip planning and estimated duration. Moreover, if signals are specified on the intersection nodes, it is currently impossible to specify their direction in a way that avoids this problem. Some routing engines may also produce spurious directions when faces with these intersections (usually something like "take the second turn", when of course there is logically only one turn). These issues are particularly exacerbated if the road which is modeled using two one-directional ways is not actually physically divided. </p><p>Splitting the way so that the portion which is "in" the intersection produces a number of benefits: </p> <ul><li>Software can deduce that signals do not apply to a way which is tagged <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:junction" title="Key:junction">junction</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:junction%3Dintersection" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag:junction=intersection"><bdi>intersection</bdi></a></tt>. This immediately fixes the problems with assigning signals to the intersection nodes.</li></ul> <ul><li>Routers and traffic simulators can know to collapse nodes into a single logical intersection with many incoming ways. This makes it possible to avoid "wrong" instructions and can allow more intelligent creation of kinematic paths (in applications where that is relevant).</li></ul> <h3><span id="Why_not_use_a_relation.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Why_not_use_a_relation?">Why not use a relation?</span></h3> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Relations/Proposed/Junctions" class="mw-redirect" title="Relations/Proposed/Junctions">Proposal</a>) </p><p>Relations are much more difficult to enter in existing editors, as well as more difficult for tools to parse. Nor is it clear what entities would be assigned to a relation, and in what manner. The only <i>benefit</i> to using a relation of which I am aware is the ability to assign a name to a specific traversal of a set of ways. </p><p>That being said, it is possible that a relation should be used <i>in addition</i> for those cases which truly require it. This proposal is not about naming things, but rather providing the information needed for tools which consume OSM data to model intersection areas in a meaningful and more accurate manner. </p> <h3><span id="Why_not_use_an_area.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Why_not_use_an_area?">Why not use an area?</span></h3> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Proposed_features/highway%3Djunction" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposed features/highway=junction">Proposal</a>) </p><p>Areas are harder to model, and are inconsistent with the use of ways (lines) to represent road surfaces. If we modeled road <i>area</i>, this would be a more sensible solution, but we don't. Also, areas are much harder for tools to deal with, as they require containment testing. Tagging road segments is much easier for tools that consume OSM data. </p><p>In my mind, it is a significant advantage that this proposal can be modeled simply by splitting a few ways at nodes '<i>that already exist</i> and applying a few tags. Creating an area is much more complicated and requires creating many nodes. (Concerns on the discussion page for the area-based proposal should be noted.) </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Modeling">Modeling</span></h2> <p>One potential concern with this proposal is that it recommends splitting ways at intersections. Although editors <i>should</i> be able to correctly update relations when ways are split, editors may want to be cognizant of existing relations when splitting ways. That being said, in my experience it is often necessary to split ways near intersections in order to correctly supply lane information (n.b. <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:lanes" title="Key:lanes">lanes</a></bdi>=*</tt>, <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:turn:lanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Key:turn:lanes">turn:lanes</a></bdi>=*</tt>), so this proposal is not necessarily making things any worse. </p><p>It should be noted that this proposal, in and of itself, is <i>not</i> recommending any change to how signals are annotated. Part of the advantage of this proposal is that users may continue to tag signals on the nodes where ways intersect. The new tag provides sufficient information for tools to accurately deduce the directions (edges) to which a signal applies (which is not currently possible). There are also <a href="/wiki/Tag:highway%3Dtraffic_signals#How_to_map" title="Tag:highway=traffic signals">other ways that signals can be tagged</a>, which should not be affected by this proposal. </p><p><span class="plainlinks"><bdi class="sortkey" style="display:none;speak:none">175473372</bdi><a href="/wiki/Way" title="way"><img alt="way" src="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/20px-Osm_element_way.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/30px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/40px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//osm.org/way/175473372"><span title="browse way">175473372</span></a></span> and <span class="plainlinks"><bdi class="sortkey" style="display:none;speak:none">610887949</bdi><a href="/wiki/Way" title="way"><img alt="way" src="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/20px-Osm_element_way.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/30px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/40px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//osm.org/way/610887949"><span title="browse way">610887949</span></a></span> show an example of this tag in use. Note that <span class="plainlinks"><bdi class="sortkey" style="display:none;speak:none">669392544</bdi><a href="/wiki/Way" title="way"><img alt="way" src="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/20px-Osm_element_way.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/30px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/40px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//osm.org/way/669392544"><span title="browse way">669392544</span></a></span> should <i>not</i> be tagged, as the ramp is not logically part of the intersection, but rather a separate turn-off <i>after</i> the intersection. </p> <h3><span id="What_is_an_intersection.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="What_is_an_intersection?">What is an intersection?</span></h3> <p>Broadly speaking, an "intersection" is a set of lanes which a human would notionally consider to be a single logical entry. In some cases, this may be difficult to specify exactly, however we can give a couple good rules of thumb: </p> <ul><li>If turn lanes which are not separately modeled would cross the area defined by segments that are candidates for being tagged as intersections, then that is an intersection. By this definition, it is clear that the above example is an intersection, since traffic turning from e.g. 'b' to 'f' will cross the gray area.</li></ul> <ul><li>Another approach is to look at traffic instructions (stop signs, traffic signals), as these apply at the intersection level. The ways connecting a set of nodes which such directions control as a single logical entity constitute an intersection. Note, however, that the segments <i>approaching</i> such nodes should <i>not</i> be tagged <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:junction" title="Key:junction">junction</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:junction%3Dintersection" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag:junction=intersection"><bdi>intersection</bdi></a></tt>. Normally, these do not need to be tagged specially, although use of <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:junction" title="Key:junction">junction</a></bdi>=<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag:junction%3Dapproach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tag:junction=approach (page does not exist)"><bdi>approach</bdi></a></tt> may be useful in some situations.</li></ul> <p>(More generally, it is useful to look at when routing would be better served by collapsing adjacent nodes. Note that both of the above rules fit this criteria.) </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Rendering">Rendering</span></h2> <p>No special rendering for this tag is required. Indeed, many renderers would be *discouraged* from using this tag for rendering purposes. 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