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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Way - OpenStreetMap Wiki</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a9e24732966511f9a8a9d4cb","wgCSPNonce":false,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Way","wgTitle":"Way","wgCurRevisionId":2745187,"wgRevisionId":2745187,"wgArticleId":5463,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024","All articles containing potentially dated 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class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Way</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From OpenStreetMap Wiki</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="languages noprint navigation-not-searchable" style="clear:both;font-size:95%;line-height:normal;margin:2px 0;border:1px solid #AAA" dir="ltr"> <div style="background:#EEE;padding:1px"> <div class="hlist" style="float:right;margin-left:.25em;font-weight:normal;font-size:x-small"> <ul><li><bdi class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/index.php?title=Way&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><span style="margin:0 2px"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Octicons-sync.svg/10px-Octicons-sync.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Octicons-sync.svg/15px-Octicons-sync.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Octicons-sync.svg/20px-Octicons-sync.svg.png 2x" /></span>Purge</span></a></bdi></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Translation" title="Wiki Translation">Help</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="font-weight:bold;max-height:10000000px;text-align:center"><bdi style="font-style:italic">Way</bdi> - Other languages</div> </div> <div id="Languages" class="LanguageBar" data-vector-language-button-label="$1 languages" style="max-height:10000000px;padding:0 .25em"> <div class="hlist hlist-with-seps"><li><span dir="auto" lang="af"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Af:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Af:Way (page does not exist)"> Afrikaans </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ast"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ast:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ast:Way (page does not exist)"> asturianu </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="az"><a href="/wiki/Az:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Az:Way"> azərbaycanca </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="id"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Id:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Id:Way (page does not exist)"> Bahasa Indonesia </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ms"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ms:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ms:Way (page does not exist)"> Bahasa Melayu </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="bs"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bs:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bs:Way (page does not exist)"> bosanski </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="br"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Br:Way (page does not exist)"> brezhoneg </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/Ca:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Ca:Way"> català </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="cs"><a href="/wiki/Cs:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Cs:Way"> čeština </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="cnr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cnr:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cnr:Way (page does not exist)"> Crnogorski </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="da"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Da:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Da:Way (page does not exist)"> dansk </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="de"><a href="/wiki/DE:Way" title="DE:Way"> Deutsch </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="et"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Et:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Et:Way (page does not exist)"> eesti </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> English </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/ES:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="ES:Way"> español </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="eo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eo:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eo:Way (page does not exist)"> Esperanto </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="eu"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eu:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eu:Way (page does not exist)"> euskara </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/FR:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="FR:Way"> français </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="fy"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fy:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fy:Way (page does not exist)"> Frysk </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="gd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gd:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gd:Way (page does not exist)"> Gàidhlig </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="gl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gl:Way (page does not exist)"> galego </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="hr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hr:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hr:Way (page does not exist)"> hrvatski </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="io"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Io:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Io:Way (page does not exist)"> Ido </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ia:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ia:Way (page does not exist)"> interlingua </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="is"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Is:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Is:Way (page does not exist)"> íslenska </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/IT:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="IT:Way"> italiano </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ht"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ht:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ht:Way (page does not exist)"> Kreyòl ayisyen </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="gcf"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gcf:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gcf:Way (page does not exist)"> kréyòl gwadloupéyen </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ku"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ku:Way (page does not exist)"> kurdî </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="lv"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lv:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lv:Way (page does not exist)"> latviešu </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="lb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lb:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lb:Way (page does not exist)"> Lëtzebuergesch </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="lt"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lt:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lt:Way (page does not exist)"> lietuvių </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="hu"><a href="/wiki/Hu:Way" title="Hu:Way"> magyar </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/NL:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="NL:Way"> Nederlands </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="no"><a href="/w/index.php?title=No:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No:Way (page does not exist)"> norsk </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="nn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nn:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nn:Way (page does not exist)"> norsk nynorsk </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="oc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oc:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oc:Way (page does not exist)"> occitan </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/Pl:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Pl:Way"> polski </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Pt:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Pt:Way"> português </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro:Way (page does not exist)"> română </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sc:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sc:Way (page does not exist)"> sardu </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sq"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sq:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sq:Way (page does not exist)"> shqip </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sk:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sk:Way (page does not exist)"> slovenčina </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sl:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sl:Way (page does not exist)"> slovenščina </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sr-latn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sr-latn:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sr-latn:Way (page does not exist)"> srpski (latinica) </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="fi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fi:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fi:Way (page does not exist)"> suomi </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Sv:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Sv:Way"> svenska </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="tl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tl:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tl:Way (page does not exist)"> Tagalog </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="vi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vi:Way (page does not exist)"> Tiếng Việt </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="tr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tr:Way (page does not exist)"> Türkçe </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="diq"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diq:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diq:Way (page does not exist)"> Zazaki </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="el"><a href="/wiki/El:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="El:Way"> Ελληνικά </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="be"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Be:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Be:Way (page does not exist)"> беларуская </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="bg"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bg:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bg:Way (page does not exist)"> български </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="mk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mk:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mk:Way (page does not exist)"> македонски </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="mn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mn:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mn:Way (page does not exist)"> монгол </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/RU:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="RU:Way"> русский </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sr:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sr:Way (page does not exist)"> српски / srpski </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="uk"><a href="/wiki/Uk:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Uk:Way"> українська </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="hy"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hy:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hy:Way (page does not exist)"> հայերեն </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="he"><a href="/w/index.php?title=He:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="He:Way (page does not exist)"> עברית </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ar"><a href="/wiki/Ar:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar:Way"> العربية </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="skr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skr:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skr:Way (page does not exist)"> سرائیکی </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="fa"><a href="/wiki/Fa:Way" title="Fa:Way"> فارسی </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="pnb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pnb:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pnb:Way (page does not exist)"> پنجابی </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ps"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ps:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ps:Way (page does not exist)"> پښتو </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ne"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ne:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ne:Way (page does not exist)"> नेपाली </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="mr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mr:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mr:Way (page does not exist)"> मराठी </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="hi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hi:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hi:Way (page does not exist)"> हिन्दी </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="bn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bn:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bn:Way (page does not exist)"> বাংলা </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="pa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pa:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pa:Way (page does not exist)"> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ta"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ta:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ta:Way (page does not exist)"> தமிழ் </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ml"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ml:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ml:Way (page does not exist)"> മലയാളം </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="si"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Si:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Si:Way (page does not exist)"> සිංහල </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="th"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Th:Way (page does not exist)"> ไทย </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="my"><a href="/w/index.php?title=My:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="My:Way (page does not exist)"> မြန်မာဘာသာ </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ko"><a href="/wiki/Ko:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Ko:Way"> 한국어 </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ka"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka:Way (page does not exist)"> ქართული </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="tzm"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzm:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzm:Way (page does not exist)"> ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="zh-hans"><a href="/wiki/Zh-hans:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Zh-hans:Way"> 中文（简体） </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="zh-hant"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zh-hant:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zh-hant:Way (page does not exist)"> 中文（繁體） </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/JA:Way" class="mw-redirect" title="JA:Way"> 日本語 </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="yue"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yue:Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yue:Way (page does not exist)"> 粵語 </a></span></li></div> </div> <div class="nomobile" style="background:#EEE;padding:1px"> <div id="ExpandLanguages" class="hlist" style="font-weight:bold;max-height:10000000px;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Other languages...</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floatright"><a href="/wiki/File:Osm_element_way.svg" class="image"><img alt="Osm element way.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/120px-Osm_element_way.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/180px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/240px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 2x" /></a></div> <p>A <b>way</b> is one of the fundamental <a href="/wiki/Elements" title="Elements">elements</a> of the map. In everyday language, it is a line. A way normally represents a linear feature on the ground (such as a road, wall, or river). </p><p>Technically, a way is an ordered list of <a href="/wiki/Node" title="Node">nodes</a>. It normally also has at least one <a href="/wiki/Tag" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag">tag</a> or participates in a <a href="/wiki/Relation" title="Relation">relation</a>. A way can have between 2 and 2,000 nodes, although it is possible that faulty ways with zero or one node exist. A way can be <i><a href="#Open_way_(open_polyline)">open</a></i> or <i><a href="#Closed_way_(closed_polyline)">closed</a></i>. </p><p>As of July 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/index.php?title=Way&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, OpenStreetMap contains over <a href="https://taginfo.openstreetmap.org/reports/database_statistics" class="extiw" title="taginfo:reports/database statistics">1.04 billion ways</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Types_of_ways"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Types of ways</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Open_way_(open_polyline)"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Open way (open polyline)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Closed_way_(closed_polyline)"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Closed way (closed polyline)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Area"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Area</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Differences_between_linear_and_area_representation_of_features"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Differences between linear and area representation of features</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Combined_closed-polyline_and_area"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Combined closed-polyline and area</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Examples"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Street_as_a_vector"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Street as a vector</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Mathematical_note"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Mathematical note</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Types_of_ways">Types of ways</span></h2> <h3><span id="Open_way_.28open_polyline.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Open_way_(open_polyline)">Open way (open polyline) <a href="/wiki/Way" title="way"><img alt="way" src="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/20px-Osm_element_way.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/30px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/40px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 2x" /></a></span></h3> <p>In an <i>open way</i> (a linear representation of a <a href="/wiki/Features" title="Features">feature</a>) the first and last node are not identical. Common examples of linear representation with open ways include most roads, streams and railway lines, because these start in one place and finish in another. </p><p>In the database, a way always has a direction, determined by the order of nodes. This is true even if the ground feature it represents is 'two-way' (e.g., most roads, where traffic passes in both directions) or has no direction (e.g., a wall). See here for <a href="/wiki/Forward_%26_backward,_left_%26_right#Identifying_the_direction_of_a_.27way.27" title="Forward & backward, left & right">how to identify the direction of a 'way'</a>. </p> <h3><span id="Closed_way_.28closed_polyline.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Closed_way_(closed_polyline)">Closed way (closed polyline) <a href="/wiki/Area" title="area"><img alt="area" src="/w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/20px-Osm_element_area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/30px-Osm_element_area.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/40px-Osm_element_area.svg.png 2x" /></a></span></h3> <p>In a <i>closed way</i> the last node of the way is identical with the first node. A closed way may be interpreted either as a closed polyline (a linear representation of a feature), or as an <a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">area</a>, or both, depending on its tags and the tags on its <a href="/wiki/Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Relations">relations</a>. </p><p>The following closed ways would be interpreted as closed polylines: </p> <ul><li><tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:highway" title="Key:highway">highway</a></bdi>=*</tt> Closed ways are used to define roundabouts and circular walks</li> <li><tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:barrier" title="Key:barrier">barrier</a></bdi>=*</tt> Closed ways are used to define barriers, such as hedges and walls, that go completely round a property.</li></ul> <p>A closed way that has the tag <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:area" title="Key:area">area</a></bdi>=<bdi>yes</bdi></tt> should always be interpreted as an area (but the tag is not required most of the time: see 'area', below). </p><p>Overpass QL parameter/operator <code>is_closed</code> <a href="/wiki/Overpass_QL#Geometry_Related_Operators" class="mw-redirect" title="Overpass QL">Overpass_QL#Geometry_Related_Operators</a> and example overpass-turbo query: <a href="/wiki/Overpass_API/Overpass_API_by_Example#Limit_results_to_areas_only" title="Overpass API/Overpass API by Example">Overpass_API/Overpass_API_by_Example#Limit_results_to_areas_only</a> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Area">Area <a href="/wiki/Area" title="area"><img alt="area" src="/w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/20px-Osm_element_area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/30px-Osm_element_area.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/40px-Osm_element_area.svg.png 2x" /></a></span></h3> <dl><dd><i>Main article:</i> <a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">Area</a></dd></dl> <p>An <i><a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">area</a></i> (also <i>polygon</i>) is an enclosed filled area of territory defined as a closed way. Most closed ways are considered to be areas even without an <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:area" title="Key:area">area</a></bdi>=<bdi>yes</bdi></tt> tag (see above for some exceptions). Examples of areas defined as closed ways include: </p> <ul><li><tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:leisure" title="Key:leisure">leisure</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:leisure%3Dpark" title="Tag:leisure=park"><bdi>park</bdi></a></tt> to define the perimeter of a park</li> <li><tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:amenity" title="Key:amenity">amenity</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:amenity%3Dschool" title="Tag:amenity=school"><bdi>school</bdi></a></tt> to define the outline of a school</li></ul> <p>For tags which can be used to define closed polylines it is necessary to also add an <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:area" title="Key:area">area</a></bdi>=<bdi>yes</bdi></tt> if an area is desired. Examples include: </p> <ul><li><tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:highway" title="Key:highway">highway</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:highway%3Dpedestrian" title="Tag:highway=pedestrian"><bdi>pedestrian</bdi></a></tt> + <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:area" title="Key:area">area</a></bdi>=<bdi>yes</bdi></tt> to define a pedestrian square or plaza.</li></ul> <p>Areas can also be described using one or more ways which are associated with a <a href="/wiki/Relation:multipolygon" title="Relation:multipolygon">multipolygon</a> <a href="/wiki/Relation" title="Relation">relation</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Differences_between_linear_and_area_representation_of_features">Differences between linear and area representation of features</span></h3> <p>There are different methods for modelling the same real world features in OpenStreetMap. For instance, a linear <a href="/wiki/Way" title="way"><img alt="way" src="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/20px-Osm_element_way.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/30px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/40px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 2x" /></a> representation of a highway is a common although specific form of modelling geographical data, often geared more towards creating routable networks than an accurate representation of what is actually on the ground: </p> <ul><li>Features in the real world such as a highway have a certain width – that may change gradually – but a linear representation has by itself no geometrical representation in nodes <a href="/wiki/Node" title="node"><img alt="node" src="/w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/20px-Osm_element_node.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/30px-Osm_element_node.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/40px-Osm_element_node.svg.png 2x" /></a> of its (change in) width, but perhaps only a <a href="/wiki/Tags" title="Tags">tag</a> stating an average width. Therefore with a linear representation a mapper must choose a centre line, for which there can be various options, especially when the feature itself is asymmetrical in its cross-section (options: centre of carriageway vs centre of carriageway + sidewalk vs location of directional markings on carriageway)</li> <li>On a crossing of a gravel track with an asphalt road -where the crossing itself is asphalt- the linear representation of the gravel track is continued over the crossing, as if the crossing might be gravel as well</li> <li>Linear representations of highways also tend to be continued in OpenStreetMap while in the real world the highway briefly physically ceases to exist as a separate entity and only remain as a functional connection, such as a highway crossing a stream in a <a href="/wiki/Key:ford" title="Key:ford">ford</a> over the riverbank without additional infrastructure, or <a href="/wiki/Tag:ford%3Dstepping_stones" title="Tag:ford=stepping stones">stepping stones</a> where the space between the stones may be larger than the stones themselves.</li></ul> <p>These are fundamental differences with an <i><a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">area</a></i> <a href="/wiki/File:Osm_element_area.svg" class="image" title="area"><img alt="area" src="/w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/20px-Osm_element_area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/30px-Osm_element_area.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/40px-Osm_element_area.svg.png 2x" /></a> representation of the same feature, where the (change in) width of the area is described by its nodes and the area representation of a highway (and stepping stones functioning as a highway) will end in the examples above where the linear representation is continued. </p><p>Both methods have their use and can be used: linear representation is often easier to start with and gives routable networks, while area representation gives a more accurate description of the actual shape of a feature. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Combined_closed-polyline_and_area">Combined closed-polyline and area</span></h3> <p>It is possible for a closed way to be tagged in a way that it should be interpreted both as a closed-polylines and also as an area. </p><p>For example, a closed way defining a roundabout surrounding a grassy area might be tagged simultaneously as: </p> <ul><li><tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:highway" title="Key:highway">highway</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:highway%3Dprimary" title="Tag:highway=primary"><bdi>primary</bdi></a></tt> + <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:junction" title="Key:junction">junction</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:junction%3Droundabout" title="Tag:junction=roundabout"><bdi>roundabout</bdi></a></tt>, both being interpreted as a polyline along the closed way, and</li> <li><tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:landuse" title="Key:landuse">landuse</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:landuse%3Dgrass" title="Tag:landuse=grass"><bdi>grass</bdi></a></tt>, interpreted on the area enclosed by the way.</li></ul> <p>However, this approach violates the <a href="/wiki/One_feature,_one_OSM_element" title="One feature, one OSM element">one feature, one OSM element</a> principle and is generally frowned upon. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Examples">Examples</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Street_as_a_vector">Street as a vector</span></h3> <p>A one-way residential street, tagged as <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:highway" title="Key:highway">highway</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:highway%3Dresidential" title="Tag:highway=residential"><bdi>residential</bdi></a></tt> + <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:name" title="Key:name">name</a></bdi>=<bdi>Clipstone Street</bdi></tt> + <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:oneway" title="Key:oneway">oneway</a></bdi>=<bdi>yes</bdi></tt> </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span> <span class="nt"><way</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"5090250"</span> <span class="na">visible=</span><span class="s">"true"</span> <span class="na">timestamp=</span><span class="s">"2009-01-19T19:07:25Z"</span> <span class="na">version=</span><span class="s">"8"</span> <span class="na">changeset=</span><span class="s">"816806"</span> <span class="na">user=</span><span class="s">"Blumpsy"</span> <span class="na">uid=</span><span class="s">"64226"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="nt"><nd</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"822403"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><nd</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"21533912"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><nd</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"821601"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><nd</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"21533910"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><nd</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"135791608"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><nd</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"333725784"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><nd</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"333725781"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><nd</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"333725774"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><nd</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"333725776"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><nd</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"823771"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><tag</span> <span class="na">k=</span><span class="s">"highway"</span> <span class="na">v=</span><span class="s">"residential"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><tag</span> <span class="na">k=</span><span class="s">"name"</span> <span class="na">v=</span><span class="s">"Clipstone Street"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><tag</span> <span class="na">k=</span><span class="s">"oneway"</span> <span class="na">v=</span><span class="s">"yes"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"></way></span> </pre></div> <p>The nodes defining the geometry of the way are enumerated in the correct order, and indicated only by reference using their unique identifier. These nodes must have been already defined separately with their coordinates. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Mathematical_note">Mathematical note</span></h2> <p>An OSM way is specified by a collection of <i>nodes</i>. The way is made up by the <i>way segments</i> connecting these nodes. Each segment is assumed to be the shortest line on the Earth's surface (negating terrain issues) connecting its two ends, i.e. a <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/geodesic" class="extiw" title="w:geodesic">geodesic</a></i> on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/figure_of_the_Earth" class="extiw" title="w:figure of the Earth">figure of the Earth</a> used. The figure can be a sphere (as used in Web Mercator; see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_trigonometry" class="extiw" title="w:Spherical trigonometry">Spherical trigonometry</a>), or an ellipsoid for higher precision (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesics_on_an_ellipsoid" class="extiw" title="w:Geodesics on an ellipsoid">Geodesics on an ellipsoid</a>). The main effects for the end-user and the programmer would be: </p> <ul><li>Long segments <i>should</i> look bent on maps rendered using a <a href="/wiki/Mercator" title="Mercator">Mercator</a> projection.</li> <li>The length of long segments are only correct with a geodesic-aware algorithm.</li></ul> <p>Actual OSM nodes should be close enough to each other to not warrant such worries, although measurements of area is another story. Most of the math can be found in the source code for <a href="/wiki/JOSM/Plugins/measurement" title="JOSM/Plugins/measurement">JOSM/Plugins/measurement</a>. </p> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" class="navbox" style="margin:2px 0;line-height:1.6;;"><tbody><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="navbox-title" style=";"><div style="float:left;width:7em;text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="font-size:xx-small;background:none;padding:0;font-weight:normal;;;;border:none"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elements" title="Template:Elements"><bdi title="View this template." style=";;border:none"><abbr>v</abbr></bdi></a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elements" title="Template talk:Elements"><bdi title="Discuss this template." style=";;border:none"><abbr>d</abbr></bdi></a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Elements&action=edit"><bdi title="Edit this template." style=";;border:none"><abbr>e</abbr></bdi></a></div></div><span class="" style="font-size:110%">OpenStreetMap data model</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:1px"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;;"><a href="/wiki/Elements" title="Elements">Elements</a></td><td style="border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;text-align:left;width:100%;padding:0;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0 .25em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Node" title="Node">Node</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relation" title="Relation">Relation</a></li> <li>(<i>former</i>: <a href="/wiki/Segment" title="Segment">Segment</a>)</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:1px"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;;"><a href="/wiki/Tags" title="Tags">Tags</a></td><td 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