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class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anterior chamber of eyeball</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="غرفة العين الأمامية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غرفة العين الأمامية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0" title="অক্ষিগোলকের সম্মুখ প্রকোষ্ঠ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অক্ষিগোলকের সম্মুখ প্রকোষ্ঠ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prednja_o%C4%8Dna_komora" title="Prednja očna komora – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prednja očna komora" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambra_anterior" title="Cambra anterior – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cambra anterior" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Πρόσθιος θάλαμος του βολβού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόσθιος θάλαμος του βολβού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_anterior" title="Cámara anterior – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cámara anterior" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%82%DA%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%B4%D9%85" title="اتاقک قدامی چشم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتاقک قدامی چشم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambre_ant%C3%A9rieure_de_l%27%C5%93il" title="Chambre antérieure de l'œil – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chambre antérieure de l'œil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuais%C3%ADn_tosaigh" title="Cuaisín tosaigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cuaisín tosaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="पूर्वकाल कक्ष – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पूर्वकाल कक्ष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_anteriore_dell%27occhio" title="Camera anteriore dell'occhio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Camera anteriore dell'occhio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F" title="התא הקדמי של גלגל העין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התא הקדמי של גלגל העין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC" title="കണ്ണിന്റെ ആന്റീരിയർ ചേമ്പർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കണ്ണിന്റെ ആന്റീരിയർ ചേമ്പർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voorste_oogkamer" title="Voorste oogkamer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voorste oogkamer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E7%9C%BC%E6%88%BF" title="前眼房 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="前眼房" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremre_%C3%B8yekammer" title="Fremre øyekammer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fremre øyekammer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremre_augekammer" title="Fremre augekammer – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fremre augekammer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komora_przednia_ga%C5%82ki_ocznej" title="Komora przednia gałki ocznej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komora przednia gałki ocznej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Передняя камера – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Передняя камера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etukammio" title="Etukammio – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etukammio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="விழி முன்னறை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விழி முன்னறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Передня камера ока – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Передня камера ока" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%AD%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81" title="پیش حجیرہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیش حجیرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5911033#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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href="/w/index.php?title=Anterior_chamber&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior chamber">Anterior chamber</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Space in the eye</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Anterior chamber of eyeball</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blausen_0390_EyeAnatomy_Sectional.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Blausen_0390_EyeAnatomy_Sectional.png/250px-Blausen_0390_EyeAnatomy_Sectional.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Blausen_0390_EyeAnatomy_Sectional.png/375px-Blausen_0390_EyeAnatomy_Sectional.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Blausen_0390_EyeAnatomy_Sectional.png/500px-Blausen_0390_EyeAnatomy_Sectional.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Anterior part of <a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">human eye</a>, with anterior chamber at right.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/250px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/375px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/500px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="423" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Schematic diagram of the human eye.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>camera anterior bulbi oculi</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Acronym(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">AC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000867">D000867</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/15.2.06.003%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A15.2.06.003</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=6792">6792</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma58078">58078</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5911033" class="extiw" title="d:Q5911033">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>anterior chamber</b> (<a href="/wiki/Optometric_Abbreviations#AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Optometric Abbreviations">AC</a>) is the <a href="/wiki/Aqueous_humor" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqueous humor">aqueous humor</a>-filled space inside the <a href="/wiki/Eye" title="Eye">eye</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" title="Iris (anatomy)">iris</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cornea" title="Cornea">cornea</a>'s innermost surface, the <a href="/wiki/Corneal_endothelium" title="Corneal endothelium">endothelium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hyphema" title="Hyphema">Hyphema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uveitis" title="Uveitis">anterior uveitis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">glaucoma</a> are three main pathologies in this area. In hyphema, blood fills the anterior chamber as a result of a hemorrhage, most commonly after a blunt eye injury. Anterior uveitis is an inflammatory process affecting the <a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" title="Iris (anatomy)">iris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ciliary_body" title="Ciliary body">ciliary body</a>, with resulting inflammatory signs in the anterior chamber. In <a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">glaucoma</a>, blockage of the <a href="/wiki/Trabecular_meshwork" title="Trabecular meshwork">trabecular meshwork</a> prevents the normal outflow of aqueous humour, resulting in increased <a href="/wiki/Intraocular_pressure" title="Intraocular pressure">intraocular pressure</a>, progressive damage to the <a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">optic nerve</a> head, and eventually <a href="/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">blindness</a>. </p><p>The depth of the anterior chamber of the eye varies between 1.5 and 4.0 mm, averaging 3.0 mm. It tends to become shallower at older age and in eyes with <a href="/wiki/Far-sightedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-sightedness">hypermetropia</a> (far sightedness). As depth decreases below 2.5 mm, the risk for angle closure glaucoma increases. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Depth_measurement">Depth measurement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Depth measurement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Determining the anterior chamber depth (ACD) is important in estimating the risk of angle closure glaucoma. There are various methods of measuring ACD, including examination through a <a href="/wiki/Slit_lamp" title="Slit lamp">slit lamp</a>, ultrasound and <a href="/wiki/Scheimpflug_principle" title="Scheimpflug principle">Scheimpflug</a> photography. These methods require sophisticated examination equipment and expertise. </p><p>A simpler clinical method of quantitatively estimating ACD using smartphone photography (EZ ratio) was developed by Dr Ehud Zamir from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne_Faculty_of_Medicine,_Dentistry_and_Health_Sciences" title="University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences">Centre for Eye Research Australia, the University of Melbourne</a>, and published in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="EZ_ratio_method">EZ ratio method</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: EZ ratio method"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The EZ ratio method is one way to calculate the estimated anterior chamber depth.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To start, the patient looks at a target in the distance with one eye covered. The examiner takes a digital photograph of the open, examined eye, from the side, perpendicular to the visual axis (a profile photograph). </p><p>The following parameters then need to be measured in the photograph, using a <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a> (figures 1,2): </p><p>1. The <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a> distance between the limbus (the junction between clear <a href="/wiki/Cornea" title="Cornea">cornea</a> and white <a href="/wiki/Sclera" title="Sclera">sclera</a>) and the front of the <a href="/wiki/Cornea" title="Cornea">cornea</a>. This distance is referred to as Z. </p><p>2. The <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a> distance between the limbus and the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Pupil" title="Pupil">pupil</a>. This distance is referred to as E. </p><p>E:Z ratio is the arithmetic <a href="/wiki/Ratio" title="Ratio">ratio</a> between E and Z. </p><p>This <a href="/wiki/Ratio" title="Ratio">ratio</a> is <a href="/wiki/Linear_correlation" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear correlation">linearly correlated</a> with the depth of the anterior chamber with the following equation: </p><p><i><b>Anterior chamber depth (expressed in millimetres) = -3.3 x EZ ratio + 4.2</b></i> </p><p>This estimate has been shown to be accurate with a 95% <a href="/wiki/Confidence_interval" title="Confidence interval">confidence interval</a> of +/– 0.33 mm error, when compared to measurements of the anterior chamber depth by <a href="/wiki/Scheimpflug_principle" title="Scheimpflug principle">Scheimpflug</a> photography.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EZ_Ratio_calculation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/EZ_Ratio_calculation.jpg/142px-EZ_Ratio_calculation.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/EZ_Ratio_calculation.jpg/214px-EZ_Ratio_calculation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/EZ_Ratio_calculation.jpg/285px-EZ_Ratio_calculation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="881" /></a><figcaption>Figure 1. Calculating EZ ratio.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Different_anterior_chamber_depths_as_seen_from_the_lateral_perpendicular_view.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Different_anterior_chamber_depths_as_seen_from_the_lateral_perpendicular_view.png/623px-Different_anterior_chamber_depths_as_seen_from_the_lateral_perpendicular_view.png" decoding="async" width="623" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Different_anterior_chamber_depths_as_seen_from_the_lateral_perpendicular_view.png/935px-Different_anterior_chamber_depths_as_seen_from_the_lateral_perpendicular_view.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Different_anterior_chamber_depths_as_seen_from_the_lateral_perpendicular_view.png/1246px-Different_anterior_chamber_depths_as_seen_from_the_lateral_perpendicular_view.png 2x" data-file-width="1841" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Figure 2. Different anterior chamber depths as seen from the lateral perpendicular (profile) view. The more forward the pupil is, the shallower the anterior chamber. In the leftmost photo, the pupil is relatively posterior (set back), indicating an EZ ratio of < 0.5 and an anterior chamber deeper than 2.5 mm. In the middle photo, the pupil is midway between the sclera posteriorly and the cornea anteriorly, indicating an EZ ratio of 0.5, and a medium chamber depth of about 2.5 mm. In the rightmost photo, the pupil is very anterior (forward), indicating an EZ ratio of more than 0.5 and a shallow anterior chamber of less than 2.5 mm.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Associated_immune_deviation">Associated immune deviation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Associated immune deviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One peculiar feature of the anterior chamber is dampened immune response to allogenic grafts. This is called <i>anterior chamber associated immune deviation</i> (ACAID), a term introduced in 1981 by <a href="/wiki/J._Wayne_Streilein" title="J. Wayne Streilein">Streilein</a> et al.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid6788883_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid6788883-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This phenomenon is relevant to the fact that the eye is considered an "<a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune</a> privileged site", like the <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">testis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathology">Pathology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pathology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">Glaucoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphema" title="Hyphema">Hyphema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypopyon" title="Hypopyon">Hypopyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intraocular_pressure" title="Intraocular pressure">Intraocular pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocular_hypertension" title="Ocular hypertension">Ocular hypertension</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SD_OCT_-_Anterior_Chamber_Angle_Cross-Section_(with_viewfinder).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anterior chamber angle cross-section imaged by an SD-OCT."><img alt="Anterior chamber angle cross-section imaged by an SD-OCT." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/SD_OCT_-_Anterior_Chamber_Angle_Cross-Section_%28with_viewfinder%29.png/120px-SD_OCT_-_Anterior_Chamber_Angle_Cross-Section_%28with_viewfinder%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/SD_OCT_-_Anterior_Chamber_Angle_Cross-Section_%28with_viewfinder%29.png/180px-SD_OCT_-_Anterior_Chamber_Angle_Cross-Section_%28with_viewfinder%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/SD_OCT_-_Anterior_Chamber_Angle_Cross-Section_%28with_viewfinder%29.png/240px-SD_OCT_-_Anterior_Chamber_Angle_Cross-Section_%28with_viewfinder%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1254" data-file-height="893" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Anterior chamber angle cross-section imaged by an <a href="/wiki/SD-OCT" class="mw-redirect" title="SD-OCT">SD-OCT</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anterior_chamber_angle_-_3D_motion_parallax.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Gonioscopy of the anterior chamber angle"><img alt="Gonioscopy of the anterior chamber angle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Anterior_chamber_angle_-_3D_motion_parallax.gif/120px-Anterior_chamber_angle_-_3D_motion_parallax.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Anterior_chamber_angle_-_3D_motion_parallax.gif/180px-Anterior_chamber_angle_-_3D_motion_parallax.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Anterior_chamber_angle_-_3D_motion_parallax.gif/240px-Anterior_chamber_angle_-_3D_motion_parallax.gif 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="774" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gonioscopy" title="Gonioscopy">Gonioscopy</a> of the anterior chamber angle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kammerwinkel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gonioscopy of the anterior chamber angle. Labeled structures: 1. Schwalbe's line, 2. Trabecular meshwork (TM), 3. Scleral spur, 4. Ciliary body, 5. Iris"><img alt="Gonioscopy of the anterior chamber angle. Labeled structures: 1. Schwalbe's line, 2. Trabecular meshwork (TM), 3. Scleral spur, 4. Ciliary body, 5. Iris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Kammerwinkel.jpg/120px-Kammerwinkel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Kammerwinkel.jpg/180px-Kammerwinkel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Kammerwinkel.jpg/240px-Kammerwinkel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="197" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gonioscopy" title="Gonioscopy">Gonioscopy</a> of the anterior chamber angle. Labeled structures: 1. <a href="/wiki/Schwalbe%27s_line" title="Schwalbe's line">Schwalbe's line</a>, 2. <a href="/wiki/Trabecular_meshwork" title="Trabecular meshwork">Trabecular meshwork</a> (TM), 3. <a href="/wiki/Scleral_spur" title="Scleral spur">Scleral spur</a>, 4. <a href="/wiki/Ciliary_body" title="Ciliary body">Ciliary body</a>, 5. <a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" title="Iris (anatomy)">Iris</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intraocular_lens_under_cornea,_six_years_after_installation_(no_flash).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anterior chamber IOL"><img alt="Anterior chamber IOL" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Intraocular_lens_under_cornea%2C_six_years_after_installation_%28no_flash%29.jpg/120px-Intraocular_lens_under_cornea%2C_six_years_after_installation_%28no_flash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Intraocular_lens_under_cornea%2C_six_years_after_installation_%28no_flash%29.jpg/180px-Intraocular_lens_under_cornea%2C_six_years_after_installation_%28no_flash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Intraocular_lens_under_cornea%2C_six_years_after_installation_%28no_flash%29.jpg/240px-Intraocular_lens_under_cornea%2C_six_years_after_installation_%28no_flash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Anterior chamber <a href="/wiki/Intraocular_lens" title="Intraocular lens">IOL</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Main_Layers_of_the_Eye.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Structures of the eye labeled"><img alt="Structures of the eye labeled" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Three_Main_Layers_of_the_Eye.png/120px-Three_Main_Layers_of_the_Eye.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Three_Main_Layers_of_the_Eye.png/180px-Three_Main_Layers_of_the_Eye.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Three_Main_Layers_of_the_Eye.png/240px-Three_Main_Layers_of_the_Eye.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Structures of the eye labeled</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Internal_chambers_of_the_Eye.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="This image shows another labeled view of the structures of the eye"><img alt="This image shows another labeled view of the structures of the eye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Three_Internal_chambers_of_the_Eye.svg/117px-Three_Internal_chambers_of_the_Eye.svg.png" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Three_Internal_chambers_of_the_Eye.svg/176px-Three_Internal_chambers_of_the_Eye.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Three_Internal_chambers_of_the_Eye.svg/235px-Three_Internal_chambers_of_the_Eye.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">This image shows another labeled view of the structures of the eye</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_segment_of_eyeball" title="Anterior segment of eyeball">Anterior segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intraocular_lens#Phakic_IOLs" title="Intraocular lens">Anterior chamber IOL (phakic IOL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_chamber_paracentesis" title="Anterior chamber paracentesis">Anterior chamber paracentesis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCassin,_B.Solomon,_S.1990" class="citation book cs1">Cassin, B.; Solomon, S. (1990). <i>Dictionary of eye terminology</i>. Gainesville, Fla: Triad Pub. Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-937404-33-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-937404-33-1"><bdi>978-0-937404-33-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+eye+terminology&rft.place=Gainesville%2C+Fla&rft.pub=Triad+Pub.+Co&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-937404-33-1&rft.au=Cassin%2C+B.&rft.au=Solomon%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnterior+chamber+of+eyeball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZamir2016" class="citation journal cs1">Zamir, Ehud (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4981489">"A novel method of quantitative anterior chamber depth estimation using temporal perpendicular digital photography"</a>. <i>Translational Vision Science & Technology</i>. <b>5</b> (4): 10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1167%2Ftvst.5.4.10">10.1167/tvst.5.4.10</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4981489">4981489</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27540496">27540496</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Translational+Vision+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=A+novel+method+of+quantitative+anterior+chamber+depth+estimation+using+temporal+perpendicular+digital+photography&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4981489%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27540496&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1167%2Ftvst.5.4.10&rft.aulast=Zamir&rft.aufirst=Ehud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4981489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnterior+chamber+of+eyeball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid6788883-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid6788883_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreileinNiederkorn1981" class="citation journal cs1">Streilein JW, Niederkorn JY (May 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2186172">"Induction of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation requires an intact, functional spleen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/J._Exp._Med." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Exp. Med.">J. Exp. Med.</a></i> <b>153</b> (5): 1058–67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1084%2Fjem.153.5.1058">10.1084/jem.153.5.1058</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2186172">2186172</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6788883">6788883</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Exp.+Med.&rft.atitle=Induction+of+anterior+chamber-associated+immune+deviation+requires+an+intact%2C+functional+spleen&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1058-67&rft.date=1981-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2186172%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6788883&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1084%2Fjem.153.5.1058&rft.aulast=Streilein&rft.aufirst=JW&rft.au=Niederkorn%2C+JY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2186172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnterior+chamber+of+eyeball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150211105909/http://www.schepens.harvard.edu/research-storystein/joan-stein-streilein-phd/research-story.html">"Research Story - sce.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schepens.harvard.edu/research-storystein/joan-stein-streilein-phd/research-story.html">the original</a> on 2015-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Research+Story+-+sce.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schepens.harvard.edu%2Fresearch-storystein%2Fjoan-stein-streilein-phd%2Fresearch-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnterior+chamber+of+eyeball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/anatomy2010/html/atlas/eye_2.html">Atlas image: eye_2</a> at the University of Michigan Health System - "Sagittal Section Through the Eyeball"</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anatomy_of_the_globe_of_the_human_eye" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eye_anatomy" title="Template:Eye anatomy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eye_anatomy" title="Template talk:Eye anatomy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eye_anatomy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eye anatomy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anatomy_of_the_globe_of_the_human_eye" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <a href="/wiki/Globe_(human_eye)" title="Globe (human eye)">globe</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">human eye</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fibrous_tunic_of_eyeball" title="Fibrous tunic of eyeball">Fibrous tunic</a> <br />(outer)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sclera" title="Sclera">Sclera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcleral_layer" title="Episcleral layer">Episcleral layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlemm%27s_canal" title="Schlemm's canal">Schlemm's canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabecular_meshwork" title="Trabecular meshwork">Trabecular meshwork</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cornea" title="Cornea">Cornea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corneal_limbus" title="Corneal limbus">Limbus</a></li> <li><i>layers</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corneal_epithelium" title="Corneal epithelium">Epithelium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowman%27s_layer" title="Bowman's layer">Bowman's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroma_of_cornea" title="Stroma of cornea">Stroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dua%27s_layer" title="Dua's layer">Dua's layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descemet%27s_membrane" title="Descemet's membrane">Descemet's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneal_endothelium" title="Corneal endothelium">Endothelium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span title="1:posterior segment 2:ora serrata 3:ciliary muscle 4:ciliary zonules 5:Schlemm's canal 6:pupil 7:anterior chamber 8:cornea 9:iris 10:lens cortex 11:lens nucleus 12:ciliary process 13:conjunctiva 14:inferior oblique muscule 15:inferior rectus muscule 16:medial rectus muscle 17:retinal arteries and veins 18:optic disc 19:dura mater 20:central retinal artery 21:central retinal vein 22:optic nerve 23:vorticose vein 24:bulbar sheath 25:macula 26:fovea 27:sclera 28:choroid 29:superior rectus muscle 30:retina"><img alt="1:posterior segment 2:ora serrata 3:ciliary muscle 4:ciliary zonules 5:Schlemm's canal 6:pupil 7:anterior chamber 8:cornea 9:iris 10:lens cortex 11:lens nucleus 12:ciliary process 13:conjunctiva 14:inferior oblique muscule 15:inferior rectus muscule 16:medial rectus muscle 17:retinal arteries and veins 18:optic disc 19:dura mater 20:central retinal artery 21:central retinal vein 22:optic nerve 23:vorticose vein 24:bulbar sheath 25:macula 26:fovea 27:sclera 28:choroid 29:superior rectus muscle 30:retina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Eye-diagram_no_circles_border.svg/200px-Eye-diagram_no_circles_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Eye-diagram_no_circles_border.svg/300px-Eye-diagram_no_circles_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Eye-diagram_no_circles_border.svg/400px-Eye-diagram_no_circles_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1237" data-file-height="1208" usemap="#ImageMap_0a6142ee86469b4f" resource="/wiki/File:Eye-diagram_no_circles_border.svg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_0a6142ee86469b4f"><area href="/wiki/Posterior_segment_of_eyeball" shape="circle" coords="50,21,7" alt="1: posterior segment" title="1: posterior segment" /><area href="/wiki/Ora_serrata" shape="circle" coords="38,30,7" alt="2: ora serrata" title="2: ora serrata" /><area href="/wiki/Ciliary_muscle" shape="circle" coords="28,40,7" alt="3: ciliary muscle" title="3: ciliary muscle" /><area href="/wiki/Zonule_of_Zinn" shape="circle" coords="20,53,7" alt="4: ciliary zonules" title="4: ciliary zonules" /><area href="/wiki/Schlemm%27s_canal" shape="circle" coords="12,66,7" alt="5: Schlemm's canal" title="5: Schlemm's canal" /><area href="/wiki/Pupil" shape="circle" coords="9,80,7" alt="6: pupil" title="6: pupil" /><area href="/wiki/Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball" shape="circle" coords="7,96,7" alt="7: anterior chamber" title="7: anterior chamber" /><area href="/wiki/Cornea" shape="circle" coords="7,111,7" alt="8: cornea" title="8: cornea" /><area href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" shape="circle" coords="9,125,7" alt="9: iris" title="9: iris" /><area href="/wiki/Lens_cortex" shape="circle" coords="15,139,7" alt="10: lens cortex" title="10: lens cortex" /><area href="/wiki/Lens_nucleus" shape="circle" coords="22,152,7" alt="11: lens nucleus" title="11: lens nucleus" /><area href="/wiki/Ciliary_processes" shape="circle" coords="30,163,7" alt="12: ciliary process" title="12: ciliary process" /><area href="/wiki/Conjunctiva" shape="circle" coords="41,173,7" alt="13: conjunctiva" title="13: conjunctiva" /><area href="/wiki/Inferior_oblique_muscle" shape="circle" coords="133,189,7" alt="14: inferior oblique muscule" title="14: inferior oblique muscule" /><area href="/wiki/Inferior_rectus_muscle" shape="circle" coords="147,182,7" alt="15: inferior rectus muscule" title="15: inferior rectus muscule" /><area href="/wiki/Medial_rectus_muscle" shape="circle" coords="160,174,7" alt="16: medial rectus muscle" title="16: medial rectus muscle" /><area href="/wiki/Retinal_arteries_and_veins" shape="circle" coords="171,163,7" alt="17: retinal arteries and veins" title="17: retinal arteries and veins" /><area href="/wiki/Optic_disc" shape="circle" coords="180,152,7" alt="18: optic disc" title="18: optic disc" /><area href="/wiki/Dura_mater" shape="circle" coords="187,139,7" alt="19: dura mater" title="19: dura mater" /><area href="/wiki/Central_retinal_artery" shape="circle" coords="191,125,7" alt="20: central retinal artery" title="20: central retinal artery" /><area href="/wiki/Central_retinal_vein" shape="circle" coords="188,66,7" alt="21: central retinal vein" title="21: central retinal vein" /><area href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" shape="circle" coords="182,53,7" alt="22: optic nerve" title="22: optic nerve" /><area href="/wiki/Vorticose_veins" shape="circle" coords="174,41,7" alt="23: vorticose vein" title="23: vorticose vein" /><area href="/wiki/Tenon%27s_capsule" shape="circle" coords="162,30,7" alt="24: bulbar sheath" title="24: bulbar sheath" /><area href="/wiki/Macula_of_retina" shape="circle" coords="151,22,7" alt="25: macula" title="25: macula" /><area href="/wiki/Fovea_centralis" shape="circle" coords="136,13,7" alt="26: fovea" title="26: fovea" /><area href="/wiki/Sclera" shape="circle" coords="121,8,7" alt="27: sclera" title="27: sclera" /><area href="/wiki/Choroid" shape="circle" coords="107,7,7" alt="28: choroid" title="28: choroid" /><area href="/wiki/Superior_rectus_muscle" shape="circle" coords="93,7,7" alt="29: superior rectus muscle" title="29: superior rectus muscle" /><area href="/wiki/Retina" shape="circle" coords="79,8,7" alt="30: retina" title="30: retina" /></map><figcaption>1:posterior segment 2:ora serrata 3:ciliary muscle 4:ciliary zonules 5:Schlemm's canal 6:pupil 7:anterior chamber 8:cornea 9:iris 10:lens cortex 11:lens nucleus 12:ciliary process 13:conjunctiva 14:inferior oblique muscule 15:inferior rectus muscule 16:medial rectus muscle 17:retinal arteries and veins 18:optic disc 19:dura mater 20:central retinal artery 21:central retinal vein 22:optic nerve 23:vorticose vein 24:bulbar sheath 25:macula 26:fovea 27:sclera 28:choroid 29:superior rectus muscle 30:retina</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uvea" title="Uvea">Uvea / vascular <br />tunic</a> (middle)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Choroid" title="Choroid">Choroid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capillary_lamina_of_choroid" title="Capillary lamina of choroid">Capillary lamina of choroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruch%27s_membrane" title="Bruch's membrane">Bruch's membrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattler%27s_layer" title="Sattler's layer">Sattler's layer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_body" title="Ciliary body">Ciliary body</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_processes" title="Ciliary processes">Ciliary processes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_muscle" title="Ciliary muscle">Ciliary muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pars_plicata" title="Pars plicata">Pars plicata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pars_plana" title="Pars plana">Pars plana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" title="Iris (anatomy)">Iris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stroma_of_iris" title="Stroma of iris">Stroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupil" title="Pupil">Pupil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_dilator_muscle" title="Iris dilator muscle">Iris dilator muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_sphincter_muscle" title="Iris sphincter muscle">Iris sphincter muscle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">Retina</a> (inner)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Layers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_limiting_membrane" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner limiting membrane">Inner limiting membrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_fiber_layer" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerve fiber layer">Nerve fiber layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganglion_cell_layer" title="Ganglion cell layer">Ganglion cell layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_plexiform_layer" title="Inner plexiform layer">Inner plexiform layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_nuclear_layer" title="Inner nuclear layer">Inner nuclear layer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outer_plexiform_layer" title="Outer plexiform layer">Outer plexiform layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_nuclear_layer" title="Outer nuclear layer">Outer nuclear layer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/External_limiting_membrane" title="External limiting membrane">External limiting membrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layer_of_rods_and_cones" title="Layer of rods and cones">Layer of rods and cones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinal_pigment_epithelium" title="Retinal pigment epithelium">Retinal pigment epithelium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell" title="Photoreceptor cell">Photoreceptor cells</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cone_cell" title="Cone cell">Cone cell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rod_cell" title="Rod cell">Rod cell</a>) → (<a href="/wiki/Retina_horizontal_cell" title="Retina horizontal cell">Horizontal cell</a>) → <a href="/wiki/Retina_bipolar_cell" title="Retina bipolar cell">Bipolar cell</a> → (<a href="/wiki/Amacrine_cell" title="Amacrine cell">Amacrine cell</a>) → <a href="/wiki/Retinal_ganglion_cell" title="Retinal ganglion cell">Retina ganglion cell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Midget_cell" title="Midget cell">Midget cell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parasol_cell" title="Parasol cell">Parasol cell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bistratified_cell" title="Bistratified cell">Bistratified cell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giant_retinal_ganglion_cells" title="Giant retinal ganglion cells">Giant retina ganglion cells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intrinsically_photosensitive_retinal_ganglion_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells">Photosensitive ganglion cell</a>) → <i>Diencephalon</i>: <a href="/wiki/Parvocellular_cell" title="Parvocellular cell">P cell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnocellular_cell" title="Magnocellular cell">M cell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koniocellular_cell" title="Koniocellular cell">K cell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muller_glia" class="mw-redirect" title="Muller glia">Muller glia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macula_of_retina" class="mw-redirect" title="Macula of retina">Macula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perifovea" title="Perifovea">Perifoveal area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parafovea" title="Parafovea">Parafoveal area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fovea_centralis" title="Fovea centralis">Fovea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foveal_avascular_zone" title="Foveal avascular zone">Foveal avascular zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveola" title="Foveola">Foveola</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optic_disc" title="Optic disc">Optic disc</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optic_cup_(anatomical)" title="Optic cup (anatomical)">Optic cup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ora_serrata" title="Ora serrata">Ora serrata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anatomical regions <br />of the eye</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterior_segment_of_eyeball" title="Anterior segment of eyeball">Anterior segment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accessory_visual_structures" title="Accessory visual structures">Adnexa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eyebrow" title="Eyebrow">Eyebrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eyelid" title="Eyelid">Eyelid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conjunctiva" title="Conjunctiva">Conjunctiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lacrimal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacrimal system">Lacrimal system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orbit_(anatomy)" title="Orbit (anatomy)">Orbit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrous_tunic" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibrous tunic">Fibrous tunic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anterior chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_humour" title="Aqueous humour">Aqueous humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" title="Iris (anatomy)">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_chamber_of_eyeball" title="Posterior chamber of eyeball">Posterior chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_body" title="Ciliary body">Ciliary body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lens (anatomy)">Lens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capsule_of_lens" title="Capsule of lens">Capsule of lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zonule_of_Zinn" title="Zonule of Zinn">Zonule of Zinn</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Posterior_segment_of_eyeball" title="Posterior segment of eyeball">Posterior segment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitreous_chamber" title="Vitreous chamber">Vitreous chamber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitreous_body" title="Vitreous body">Vitreous body</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">Retina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choroid" title="Choroid">Choroid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corneal_keratocyte" title="Corneal keratocyte">Keratocytes</a></li> 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