CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Getachew Demeissie Ayalew</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Getachew Demeissie Ayalew"> <meta name="keywords" content="Getachew Demeissie Ayalew"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Getachew Demeissie Ayalew" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Getachew Demeissie Ayalew"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 55</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Getachew Demeissie Ayalew</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Intelligent System of the Grinding Robot for Spiral Welded Pipe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Demeissie%20Ayalew">Getachew Demeissie Ayalew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongtao%20Sun"> Yongtao Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Yang"> Yang Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The spiral welded pipe manufacturing industry requires strict production standards for automated grinders for welding seams. However, traditional grinding machines in this sector are insufficient due to a lack of quality control protocols and inconsistent performance. This research aims to improve the quality of spiral welded pipes by developing intelligent automated abrasive belt grinding equipment. The system has equipped with six degrees of freedom (6 DOF) KUKA KR360 industrial robots, enabling concurrent grinding operations on both internal and external welds. The grinding robot control system is designed with a PLC, and a human-machine interface (HMI) system is employed for operations. The system includes an electric speed controller, data connection card, DC driver, analog amplifier, and HMI for input data. This control system enables the grinding of spiral welded pipe. It ensures consistent production quality and cost-effectiveness by reducing the product life cycle and minimizing risks in the working environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intelligent%20Systems" title="Intelligent Systems">Intelligent Systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spiral%20Welded%20Pipe" title=" Spiral Welded Pipe"> Spiral Welded Pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grinding" title=" Grinding"> Grinding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Industrial%20Robot" title=" Industrial Robot"> Industrial Robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=End-Effector" title=" End-Effector"> End-Effector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLC%20Controller%20System" title=" PLC Controller System"> PLC Controller System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%0D%0ALaser%20Sensor" title=" 3D Laser Sensor"> 3D Laser Sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMI." title=" HMI."> HMI.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175922/intelligent-system-of-the-grinding-robot-for-spiral-welded-pipe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Chemical Hazards Impact on Efficiency of Energy Storage Battery and its Possible Mitigation's</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abirham%20Simeneh%20Ayalew">Abirham Simeneh Ayalew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seada%20Hussen%20Adem"> Seada Hussen Adem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frie%20Ayalew%20Yimam"> Frie Ayalew Yimam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Battery energy storage has a great role on storing energy harnessed from different alternative resources and greatly benefit the power sector by supply energy back to the system during outage and regular operation in power sectors. Most of the study shows that there is an exponential increase in the quantity of lithium - ion battery energy storage system due to their power density, economical aspects and its performance. But this lithium ion battery failures resulted in fire and explosion due to its having flammable electrolytes (chemicals) which can create those hazards. Hazards happen in these energy storage system lead to minimize battery life spans or efficiency. Identifying the real cause of these hazards and its mitigation techniques can be the solution to improve the efficiency of battery technologies and the electrode materials should have high electrical conductivity, large surface area, stable structure and low resistance. This paper asses the real causes of chemical hazards, its impact on efficiency, proposed solution for mitigating those hazards associated with efficiency improvement and summery of researchers new finding related to the field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20energy%20storage" title="battery energy storage">battery energy storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20energy%20storage%20efficiency" title=" battery energy storage efficiency"> battery energy storage efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20hazards" title=" chemical hazards"> chemical hazards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium%20ion%20battery" title=" lithium ion battery"> lithium ion battery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178880/chemical-hazards-impact-on-efficiency-of-energy-storage-battery-and-its-possible-mitigations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Innovative In-Service Training Approach to Strengthen Health Care Human Resources and Scale-Up Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsegahun%20Manyazewal">Tsegahun Manyazewal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Marinucci"> Francesco Marinucci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Belay"> Getachew Belay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abraham%20Tesfaye"> Abraham Tesfaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gonfa%20Ayana"> Gonfa Ayana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaha%20Kebede"> Amaha Kebede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsegahun%20Manyazewal"> Tsegahun Manyazewal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Marinucci"> Francesco Marinucci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Belay"> Getachew Belay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abraham%20Tesfaye"> Abraham Tesfaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gonfa%20Ayana"> Gonfa Ayana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaha%20Kebede"> Amaha Kebede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yewondwossen%20Tadesse"> Yewondwossen Tadesse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susan%20Lehman"> Susan Lehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zelalem%20Temesgen"> Zelalem Temesgen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In-service health trainings in Sub-Saharan Africa are mostly content-centered with higher disconnection with the real practice in the facility. This study intended to evaluate in-service training approach aimed to strengthen health care human resources. A combined web-based and face-to-face training was designed and piloted in Ethiopia with the diagnosis of tuberculosis. During the first part, which lasted 43 days, trainees accessed web-based material and read without leaving their work; while the second part comprised a one-day hands-on evaluation. Trainee’s competency was measured using multiple-choice questions, written-assignments, exercises and hands-on evaluation. Of 108 participants invited, 81 (75%) attended the course and 71 (88%) of them successfully completed. Of those completed, 73 (90%) scored a grade from A to C. The approach was effective to transfer knowledge and turn it into practical skills. In-service health training should transform from a passive one-time-event to a continuous behavioral change of participants and improvements on their actual work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20care" title=" health care"> health care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mycobacterium%20tuberculosis" title=" Mycobacterium tuberculosis"> Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13878/innovative-in-service-training-approach-to-strengthen-health-care-human-resources-and-scale-up-detection-of-mycobacterium-tuberculosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Nine Year Trend Analysis of Malaria in Kahsay Abera General Hospital Humera Town: Western Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Belay">Getachew Belay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Kahsu"> Getachew Kahsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brhane%20Berhe"> Brhane Berhe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kebede%20Tesfay"> Kebede Tesfay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fitsum%20Mardu"> Fitsum Mardu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigus%20Shishay"> Nigus Shishay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadush%20Negash"> Hadush Negash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aster%20Tsegaye"> Aster Tsegaye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Malaria kills million people around the world, and it is still a serious public health problem in Ethiopia. Over the past years, the disease has been consistently reported as leading cause of outpatient visits, hospitalization and death in health facilities across the country. This study assessed malaria trend in Humera Town Kahsay Abera Hospital Tigrai region, Northern Ethiopia. Method: A Health facility retrospective cross sectional study was conducted in Kahsay Abera General Hospital from January 2011 to December 2019. Data of Malaria cases were reviewed from Health Management Information System with the help of experts in the office. The nine year data were extracted and analyzed using Excel by excluding those which lack demographic data. Result: A total of 36,604 smear positive malaria cases were confirmed in last nine years in the study area. Plasmodim falcifarum was the most prevalent reported species. Higher number of malaria cases were reported during October season.Males were more infected by the disese (63.1%) than females and males aged 15 years and above were the most iffected ones. The percentage proportion of P.falcifarum and P.vivax were 61.6% to 38.4%, respectively. There was a decreasing trend over the nine years following the peak in 2013. Conclusion: Malaria smear positivity, with highest cases being recorded in October, was declined over the nine years after peaking in 2013. Males aged 15 years and above were more affected, and P falciparum was the predominat species. Strengtheing the prevention and control activities is warranted in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trend" title="trend">trend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malaria" title=" malaria"> malaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kahsay%20abera%20%20general%20hospital" title=" kahsay abera general hospital"> kahsay abera general hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tigray" title=" tigray"> tigray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethiopia" title=" ethiopia"> ethiopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170359/nine-year-trend-analysis-of-malaria-in-kahsay-abera-general-hospital-humera-town-western-tigrai-northern-ethiopia-a-retrospective-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> The Use of Water Hyacinth for Bioenergy Electric Generation: For the case of Tana Water Hyacinth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seada%20Hussen%20Adem">Seada Hussen Adem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frie%20Ayalew%20Yimam"> Frie Ayalew Yimam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to its high biomass output and potential to produce renewable energy, water hyacinth, a rapidly expanding aquatic weed, has gained recognition as a prospective bioenergy feedstock. Through a variety of conversion processes, such as anaerobic digestion, combustion, and gasification, this study suggests using water hyacinth to generate energy. The suggested strategy helps to reduce the annoyance brought on by the excessive growth of water hyacinth in Tana water bodies in addition to offering an alternate source of energy. The study emphasizes the value of environmentally friendly methods for managing Tana water resources as well as the potential of water hyacinth as a source of bioenergy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title="anaerobic digestion">anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioenergy" title=" bioenergy"> bioenergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title=" combustion"> combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasification" title=" gasification"> gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20hyacinth" title=" water hyacinth"> water hyacinth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168093/the-use-of-water-hyacinth-for-bioenergy-electric-generation-for-the-case-of-tana-water-hyacinth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Copper Doped P-Type Nickel Oxide Transparent Conducting Oxide Thin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Huang">Kai Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assamen%20Ayalew%20Ejigu"> Assamen Ayalew Ejigu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mu-Jie%20Lin"> Mu-Jie Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang-Chiun%20Chao"> Liang-Chiun Chao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nickel oxide and copper-nickel oxide thin films have been successfully deposited by reactive ion beam sputter deposition. Experimental results show that nickel oxide deposited at 300°C is single phase NiO while best crystalline quality is achieved with an O_pf of 0.5. XRD analysis of nickel-copper oxide deposited at 300°C shows a Ni2O3 like crystalline structure at low O_pf while changes to NiO like crystalline structure at high O_pf. EDS analysis shows that nickel-copper oxide deposited at low O_pf is CuxNi2-xO3 with x = 1, while nickel-copper oxide deposited at high O_pf is CuxNi1-xO with x = 0.5, which is supported by Raman analysis. The bandgap of NiO is ~ 3.5 eV regardless of O_pf while the band gap of nickel-copper oxide decreases from 3.2 to 2.3 eV as Opf reaches 1.0. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title="copper">copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20beam" title=" ion beam"> ion beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiO" title=" NiO"> NiO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxide" title=" oxide"> oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity"> resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparent" title=" transparent"> transparent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58525/copper-doped-p-type-nickel-oxide-transparent-conducting-oxide-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Questioning Ethiopia's University Education Philosophy: A Policy towards Disempowering the Country's Youth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisay%20Tamrat%20Ayalew">Sisay Tamrat Ayalew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to explore the two contradictory debates about the educational philosophy of universities in the context of Ethiopia. It also explores how the understanding of the philosophy of the university is shaped by environmental factors and exacerbates the marginalization of youth. On the one hand, universities are perceived as places where knowledge can solve a certain practical problem. On the other hand, universities are places where knowledge is produced and disseminated irrespective of its immediate use value. This study found that understanding the philosophy of education varies across time and place. In the Ethiopian context, there is neither a disinterested pursuit of knowledge nor an instrumentalist epistemology nor a synthesis of the two. It disregards the value of knowledge altogether and overly simplifies the philosophy of instrumentalist epistemology to the extent of buying and selling certificates, even in the absence of formal training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy%20of%20universities" title="philosophy of universities">philosophy of universities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginalized%20youth" title=" marginalized youth"> marginalized youth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diploma%20mill" title=" diploma mill"> diploma mill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrumentalist%20epistemology" title=" instrumentalist epistemology"> instrumentalist epistemology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disinterested%20pursuit" title=" disinterested pursuit"> disinterested pursuit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170068/questioning-ethiopias-university-education-philosophy-a-policy-towards-disempowering-the-countrys-youth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Resilience Building, the Case of Dire Dawa Community, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Demesa%20Bexa">Getachew Demesa Bexa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building resilience to withstand extreme weather events through reduction and mitigation measures towards predicted disasters with appropriate contingency plans complemented by timely and effective emergency response demands committed and integrated/coordinated efforts. The 2006 flood disaster that claimed more than 200 people in Dire Dawa town shifted the paradigm from reactive to proactive engagement among government, NGOs and communities to contain future disasters through resilience building. Dire Dawa CMDRR Association is a model community organization that demonstrated the basic minimum and turning adversity into opportunity by mobilizing vulnerable community members. Meanwhile the birth of African Centre for Disaster Risk Management is a milestone in changing the image of the country and beyond in resilience building while linking relief and development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dire%20Dawa" title="Dire Dawa">Dire Dawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster" title=" disaster"> disaster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience" title=" resilience"> resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27890/resilience-building-the-case-of-dire-dawa-community-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27890.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Proximal Method of Solving Split System of Minimization Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anteneh%20Getachew%20Gebrie">Anteneh Getachew Gebrie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabian%20Wangkeeree"> Rabian Wangkeeree</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to introduce iterative algorithm solving split system of minimization problem given as a task of ﬁnding a common minimizer point of ﬁnite family of proper, lower semicontinuous convex functions and whose image under a bounded linear operator is also common minimizer point of another ﬁnite family of proper, lower semicontinuous convex functions. We obtain strong convergence of the sequence generated by our algorithm under some suitable conditions on the parameters. The iterative schemes are developed with a way of selecting the step sizes such that the information of operator norm is not necessary. Some applications and numerical experiment is given to analyse the eﬃciency of our algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilbert%20Space" title="Hilbert Space">Hilbert Space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimization%20problems" title=" minimization problems"> minimization problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moreau-Yosida%20approximate" title=" Moreau-Yosida approximate"> Moreau-Yosida approximate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=split%20feasibility%20problem" title=" split feasibility problem"> split feasibility problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119147/proximal-method-of-solving-split-system-of-minimization-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> The Role of Regional Economic Communities in Fighting Terrorism in Africa: The Case of Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Memar%20Ayalew%20Demeke">Memar Ayalew Demeke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Gebreyohans%20Gebru"> Solomon Gebreyohans Gebru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Africa, Regional Economic Communities (RECs) were initially established to tackle the economic challenges of the continent. However, overtime, they expanded their mandate to deal with the security threats of the continent such as terrorism. In fact, the fight against terrorism has been internationalized following the September 9/11 terrorist attack in the U.S.A. Since then, RECs have been giving considerable attention to preventing and combating terrorism in their respective regions. Similarly, IGAD has been involved in preventing and combating terrorism. So far, however, little has been done with regard to what IGAD has performed in fighting terrorism. Therefore, this study was intended to describe and analyze the legal and practical activities carried out by IGAD in its fight against terrorism in the region general and in Somalia in particular. Both descriptive and analytical methods were employed and data were analyzed through qualitative approach. Finally, based on the findings, the study argues that, instead of over-reliance on hard power as a means of fighting terrorism, IGAD should invest more on the political and socio-economic problems of its member states so as to address the root causes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20economic%20communities" title="regional economic communities">regional economic communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IGAD" title=" IGAD"> IGAD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title=" terrorism"> terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treaties" title=" treaties"> treaties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventions" title=" conventions"> conventions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28969/the-role-of-regional-economic-communities-in-fighting-terrorism-in-africa-the-case-of-inter-governmental-authority-on-development-igad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Analysis and Evaluation of Both AC and DC Standalone Photovoltaic Supply to Ethio-Telecom Access Layer Devices: The Case of Multi-Service Access Gateway in Adama</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frie%20Ayalew">Frie Ayalew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seada%20Hussen"> Seada Hussen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ethio-telecom holds a variety of telecom devices that needs a consistent power source to be operational. The company got this power mainly from the national grid and used this power source alone or with a generator and/or batteries as a backup. In addition, for off-grid or remote areas, the company commonly uses generators and batteries. But unstable diesel prices, huge expenses of fuel and transportation, and high carbon emissions are the main problems associated with fuel energy. So, the design of solar power with battery backup is a highly recommended and advantageous source for the next coming years. This project designs the AC and DC standalone photovoltaic supply to Ethio-telecom access layer devices for the case of multi-service access gateway in Adama. The design is done by using Homer software for both AC and DC loads. The project shows that the design of a solar based microgrid is the best option for the designed area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20power" title="solar power">solar power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery" title=" battery"> battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter" title=" inverter"> inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethio-telecom" title=" Ethio-telecom"> Ethio-telecom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20radiation" title=" solar radiation"> solar radiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166501/analysis-and-evaluation-of-both-ac-and-dc-standalone-photovoltaic-supply-to-ethio-telecom-access-layer-devices-the-case-of-multi-service-access-gateway-in-adama" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Oxidation of Lignin for Production of Chemicals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayneh%20Getachew%20Demesa">Abayneh Getachew Demesa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interest in renewable feedstock for the chemical industry has increased considerably over the last decades, mainly due to environmental concerns and foreseeable shortage of fossil raw materials. Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant source of bio-based raw material that is readily available and can be utilized as an alternative source for chemical production. Lignin accrues in enormous amounts as a by-product of the pulping process in the pulp and paper industry. It is estimated that 70 million tons of lignin are annually processed worldwide from the pulp and paper industry alone. Despite its attractive chemical composition, lignin is still insufficiently exploited and mainly regarded as bio-waste. Therefore, an environmentally benign process that can completely and competitively convert lignin into different value-added chemicals is needed to launch its commercial success on industrial scale. Partial wet oxidation by molecular oxygen has received increased attention as a potential process for production of chemicals from biomass wastes. In this paper, the production of chemicals by oxidation of lignin is investigated. The factors influencing the different types of products formed during the oxidation of lignin and their yields and compositions are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignin" title=" lignin"> lignin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste" title=" waste"> waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemicals" title=" chemicals"> chemicals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53289/oxidation-of-lignin-for-production-of-chemicals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Modeling and Optimal Control of Pneumonia Disease with Cost Effective Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Tilahun">Getachew Tilahun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwole%20Makinde"> Oluwole Makinde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Malonza"> David Malonza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose and analyze a non-linear mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of pneumonia disease in a population of varying size. The deterministic compartmental model is studied using stability theory of differential equations. The effective reproduction number is obtained and also the local and global asymptotically stability conditions for the disease free and as well as for the endemic equilibria are established. The model exhibit a backward bifurcation and the sensitivity indices of the basic reproduction number to the key parameters are determined. Using Pontryagin’s maximum principle, the optimal control problem is formulated with three control strategies; namely disease prevention through education, treatment and screening. The cost effectiveness analysis of the adopted control strategies revealed that the combination of prevention and treatment is the most cost effective intervention strategies to combat the pneumonia pandemic. Numerical simulation is performed and pertinent results are displayed graphically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20effectiveness%20analysis" title="cost effectiveness analysis">cost effectiveness analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control" title=" optimal control"> optimal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pneumonia%20dynamics" title=" pneumonia dynamics"> pneumonia dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20analysis" title=" stability analysis"> stability analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61514/modeling-and-optimal-control-of-pneumonia-disease-with-cost-effective-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Re-Thinking Humanism as a Guiding Philosophy of Education: A Critical Reflection on Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisay%20Tamrat%20Ayalew">Sisay Tamrat Ayalew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the concept of humanism as a guiding philosophy in education, specifically focusing on Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions (EHEIs). It highlights the perceived lack of humanistic elements within the educational system and the resulting intellectual and moral decay among students. The aim of this study is to critically reflect on the essence of humanism and its relevance to Ethiopian higher education. By examining the philosophy and practice of humanism, the paper seeks to evaluate the existing state of EHEIs in relation to this educational approach. The methodology employed in this research is qualitative. The study relies primarily on literature review and analysis of policy documents to gain insights into the subject matter. A hermeneutic approach is utilized to interpret the realities observed in various contexts. The key finding of this paper is that Ethiopian higher education institutions lack humanistic elements in their educational practices. This deficiency contributes to the overall moral and intellectual decay among students. The study accentuates that humanism is not merely an optional extra but an essential tool for creating a clean academic environment and fostering the holistic development of students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanism" title="humanism">humanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20dignity" title=" human dignity"> human dignity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20decadence" title=" intellectual decadence"> intellectual decadence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20sickness" title=" moral sickness"> moral sickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169835/re-thinking-humanism-as-a-guiding-philosophy-of-education-a-critical-reflection-on-ethiopian-higher-education-institutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Reversing Community Relationship From the I-It to I-Thou as a Tool for Conflict Resolution and Peace Building in Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisaye%20Tamrat%20Ayalew">Sisaye Tamrat Ayalew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study focuses on the nature of community relationships in Ethiopia, specifically the I-Thou and I-It relationships, and how they contribute to conflict resolution and peacebuilding. It highlights the importance of genuine dialogue and mutual understanding in creating a unified and peaceful society. It analyzes the nature of community relationships in Ethiopia and evaluate how these relationships either contribute to conflict resolution or exacerbate conflicts. It aims to understand the role of genuine dialogue (I-Thou relationship) versus monologue (I-It relationship) in building lasting peace in the country. The study adopts a qualitative approach, specifically hermeneutics, to explore and understand the nature of community relationships in Ethiopia. It involves analyzing the characteristics of both I-Thou and I-It relationships and examining how the political elites shape these relationships within the community. The findings of the study indicate that the predominant type of relationship in Ethiopian society is the I-It relationship, referred to as "com-animation". This relationship is characterized by mutual mistrust, prejudice, hostility, and misunderstanding. As a result, conflicts, mass killings, displacement, and human rights violations have occurred. The study emphasizes the importance of shifting from com-animation to communication (I-Thou relationship) in order to address conflicts and establish lasting peace. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialogue" title="dialogue">dialogue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-thou%20relationship" title=" I-thou relationship"> I-thou relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peace%20building" title=" peace building"> peace building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-It%20relationship" title=" I-It relationship"> I-It relationship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169979/reversing-community-relationship-from-the-i-it-to-i-thou-as-a-tool-for-conflict-resolution-and-peace-building-in-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> AI-Based Technologies for Improving Patient Safety and Quality of Care</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tewelde%20Gebreslassie%20Gebreanenia">Tewelde Gebreslassie Gebreanenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frie%20Ayalew%20Yimam"> Frie Ayalew Yimam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seada%20Hussen%20Adem"> Seada Hussen Adem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Patient safety and quality of care are essential goals of health care delivery, but they are often compromised by human errors, system failures, or resource constraints. In a variety of healthcare contexts, artificial intelligence (AI), a quickly developing field, can provide fresh approaches to enhancing patient safety and treatment quality. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to decrease errors and enhance patient outcomes by carrying out tasks that would typically require human intelligence. These tasks include the detection and prevention of adverse events, monitoring and warning patients and clinicians about changes in vital signs, symptoms, or risks, offering individualized and evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, or prevention, and assessing and enhancing the effectiveness of health care systems and services. This study examines the state-of-the-art and potential future applications of AI-based technologies for enhancing patient safety and care quality, as well as the opportunities and problems they present for patients, policymakers, researchers, and healthcare providers. In order to ensure the safe, efficient, and responsible application of AI in healthcare, the paper also addresses the ethical, legal, social, and technical challenges that must be addressed and regulated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20care" title=" health care"> health care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20intelligence" title=" human intelligence"> human intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20safty" title=" patient safty"> patient safty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20care" title=" quality of care"> quality of care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179023/ai-based-technologies-for-improving-patient-safety-and-quality-of-care" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Comparative Analysis of Single Versus Multi-IRS Assisted Multi-User Wireless Communication System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayalew%20Tadese%20Kibret">Ayalew Tadese Kibret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belayneh%20Sisay%20Alemu"> Belayneh Sisay Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amare%20Kassaw%20Yimer"> Amare Kassaw Yimer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are considered to be a key enabling technology for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. IRSs are electromagnetic (EM) surfaces that are fabricated and have integrated electronics, electronically controlled processes, and particularly wireless communication features. IRSs operate without the need for complex signal processing and the encoding and decoding steps that improve the signal quality at the receiver. Improving vital performance parameters such as energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) have frequently been the primary goals of research in order to meet the increasing requirements for advanced services in the future 6G communications. In this research, we conduct a comparative analysis on single and multi-IRS wireless communication networks using energy and spectrum efficiency. The energy efficiency versus user distance, energy efficiency versus signal to noise ratio, and spectral efficiency versus user distance are the basis for our result with 1, 2, 4, and 6 IRSs. According to the results of our simulation, in terms of energy and spectral efficiency, six IRS perform better than four, two, and single IRS. Overall, our results suggest that multi-IRS-assisted wireless communication systems outperform single IRS systems in terms of communication performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sixth-generation%20%286G%29" title="sixth-generation (6G)">sixth-generation (6G)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20networks" title=" wireless networks"> wireless networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20reflecting%20surfaces" title=" intelligent reflecting surfaces"> intelligent reflecting surfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20efficiency" title=" spectral efficiency"> spectral efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191794/comparative-analysis-of-single-versus-multi-irs-assisted-multi-user-wireless-communication-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> A Critical Appraisal of the Philosophy of University and Its Debates: The Creation of Disempowered Youth in the Ethiopian Education Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisaye%20Tamrat%20Ayalew">Sisaye Tamrat Ayalew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the educational philosophy of universities in Ethiopia and the debates surrounding it. It highlights the contradictory views on the role of universities, with some perceiving them as practical problem-solving institutions and others emphasizing the production and dissemination of knowledge. The aim of this study is to critically explore the debates around the educational philosophy of universities in Ethiopia. It also seeks to examine how the understanding of this philosophy contributes to the marginalization of youth in the country. This research adopts a phenomenological qualitative research design. It aims to understand the impact of socio-economic and political factors on university education and how youth from disadvantaged backgrounds experience marginalization in the job market. The study reveals that the understanding of educational philosophy varies across different contexts and over time. In the Ethiopian context, the philosophy of universities lacks a disinterested pursuit of knowledge and instrumentalist epistemology. Instead, it oversimplifies the philosophy to the point of devaluing knowledge and treating certificates as commodities, even in the absence of formal training. In conclusion, this research highlights the need for a critical appraisal of the educational philosophy of universities in Ethiopia. It emphasizes the negative impact of an oversimplified and commodified approach to knowledge on the empowerment of youth. By bringing attention to these issues, this study contributes to the broader understanding of the role of universities in society and calls for reforms in the Ethiopian education sector to promote empowerment rather than disempowerment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy%20of%20universities" title="philosophy of universities">philosophy of universities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginalized%20youth" title=" marginalized youth"> marginalized youth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diploma%20mill" title=" diploma mill"> diploma mill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrumentalist%20epistemology" title=" instrumentalist epistemology"> instrumentalist epistemology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disinterested%20pursuit" title=" disinterested pursuit"> disinterested pursuit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169829/a-critical-appraisal-of-the-philosophy-of-university-and-its-debates-the-creation-of-disempowered-youth-in-the-ethiopian-education-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> The Dynamics of a 3D Vibrating and Rotating Disc Gyroscope </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20T.%20Sedebo">Getachew T. Sedebo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephan%20V.%20Joubert"> Stephan V. Joubert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Y.%20Shatalov"> Michael Y. Shatalov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conventional configuration of the vibratory disc gyroscope is based on in-plane non-axisymmetric vibrations of the disc with a prescribed circumferential wave number. Due to the Bryan's effect, the vibrating pattern of the disc becomes sensitive to the axial component of inertial rotation of the disc. Rotation of the vibrating pattern relative to the disc is proportional to the inertial angular rate and is measured by sensors. In the present paper, the authors investigate a possibility of making a 3D sensor on the basis of both in-plane and bending vibrations of the disc resonator. We derive equations of motion for the disc vibratory gyroscope, where both in-plane and bending vibrations are considered. Hamiltonian variational principle is used in setting up equations of motion and the corresponding boundary conditions. The theory of thin shells with the linear elasticity principles is used in formulating the problem and also the disc is assumed to be isotropic and obeys Hooke's Law. The governing equation for a specific mode is converted to an ODE to determine the eigenfunction. The resulting ODE has exact solution as a linear combination of Bessel and Neumann functions. We demonstrate how to obtain an explicit solution and hence the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions for annular disc with fixed inner boundary and free outer boundary. Finally, the characteristics equations are obtained and the corresponding eigenvalues are calculated. The eigenvalues are used for the calculation of tuning conditions of the 3D disc vibratory gyroscope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bryan%E2%80%99s%20effect" title="Bryan’s effect">Bryan’s effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20vibrations" title=" bending vibrations"> bending vibrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disc%20gyroscope" title=" disc gyroscope"> disc gyroscope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eigenfunctions" title=" eigenfunctions"> eigenfunctions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eigenvalues" title=" eigenvalues"> eigenvalues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuning%20conditions" title=" tuning conditions"> tuning conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52286/the-dynamics-of-a-3d-vibrating-and-rotating-disc-gyroscope" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Additive Carbon Dots Nanocrystals for Enhancement of the Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell in Energy Applications Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Kuma%20Watiro">Getachew Kuma Watiro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need for solar energy is constantly increasing and it is widely available on the earth’s surface. Photovoltaic technology is one of the most capable of all viable energy technology and is seen as a promising approach to the control era as it is readily available and has zero carbon emissions. Inexpensive and versatile solar cells have achieved the conversion efficiency and long life of dye-sensitized solar cells, improving the conversion efficiency from the sun to electricity. DSSCs have received a lot of attention for Various potential commercial uses, such as mobile devices and portable electronic devices, as well as integrated solar cell modules. The systematic reviews were used to show the critical impact of additive C-dots in the Dye-Sensitized solar cell for energy application technology. This research focuses on the following methods to synthesize nanoparticles such as facile, polyol, calcination, and hydrothermal technique. In addition to these, there are additives C-dots by the Hydrothermal method. This study deals with the progressive development of DSSC in photovoltaic technology. The applications of single and heterojunction structure technology devices were used (ZnO, NiO, SnO2, and NiO/ZnO/N719) and applied some additives C-dots (ZnO/C-dots /N719, NiO/C-dots /N719, SnO2 /C-dots /N719 and NiO/ZnO/C-dots/N719) and the effects of C-dots were reviewed. More than all, the technology of DSSC with C-dots enhances efficiency. Finally, recommendations have been made for future research on the application of DSSC with the use of these additives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye-sensitized%20solar%20cells" title="dye-sensitized solar cells">dye-sensitized solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterojunction%E2%80%99s%20structure" title=" heterojunction’s structure"> heterojunction’s structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dot" title=" carbon dot"> carbon dot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conversion%20efficiency" title=" conversion efficiency"> conversion efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149846/additive-carbon-dots-nanocrystals-for-enhancement-of-the-efficiency-of-dye-sensitized-solar-cell-in-energy-applications-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Knowledge and Utilization of Partograph among Obstetric Care Givers in Public Health Institutions of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Engida%20Yisma">Engida Yisma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berhanu%20Dessalegn"> Berhanu Dessalegn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayalew%20Astatkie"> Ayalew Astatkie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nebreed%20Fesseha"> Nebreed Fesseha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The use of the partograph is a well-known best practice for quality monitoring of labour and subsequent prevention of obstructed and prolonged labour. However, a number of cases of obstructed labour do happen in health facilities due to poor quality of intrapartum care. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study assessed knowledge and utilization of partograph among obstetric care givers in public health institutions of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with knowledge and use of partograph among obstetric care givers. Results: Knowledge about the partograph was fair: 189 (96.6%) of all the respondents correctly mentioned at least one component of the partograph, 104 (53.3%) correctly explained the function of alert line and 161 (82.6%) correctly explained the function of action line. The study showed that 112 (57.3%) of the obstetric care givers at public health institutions reportedly utilized partograph to monitor mothers in labour. The utilization of the partograph was significantly higher among obstetric care givers working in health centres (67.9%) compared to those working in hospitals (34.4%) [Adjusted OR = 3.63(95%CI: 1.81, 7.28)]. Conclusions: A significant percentage of obstetric care givers had fair knowledge of the partograph and why it is necessary to use it in the management of labour and over half of obstetric care givers reported use of the partograph to monitor mothers in labour. Pre-service and on-job training of obstetric care givers on the use of the partograph should be given emphasis. Mandatory health facility policy is also recommended to ensure safety of women in labour in public health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partograph" title="partograph">partograph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utilization" title=" utilization"> utilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstetric%20care%20givers" title=" obstetric care givers"> obstetric care givers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health%20institutions" title=" public health institutions"> public health institutions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22196/knowledge-and-utilization-of-partograph-among-obstetric-care-givers-in-public-health-institutions-of-addis-ababa-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">519</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Prevalence and Associated Factors of Chronic Energy Malnutrition among Human Immune Deficiency Virus Infected Pregnant Women in Health Centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Adugna">Getachew Adugna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Chronic energy malnutrition and human immune deficiency virus among pregnant women are highly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa, and they are interrelated in a vicious cycle. However, the prevalence of chronic energy malnutrition and its determinant factors among human immune deficiency virus-positive pregnant women is not well studied in Ethiopia and Addis Ababa in particular. Objective: To determine the prevalence & associated factors of chronic energy malnutrition among human immune deficiency virus-positive pregnant women in health centres of Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select study subjects. A total of 253 study subjects were enrolled in the study—a structured and pre-tested questionnaire collected sociodemographic, maternal health-related, and nutritional-related variables. MUAC measurements were taken and medical charts were reviewed. Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the effect of different factors on chronic energy malnutrition. Result: The overall prevalence of chronic energy malnutrition was 32.0%. It was significantly associated with dietary counselling (AOR: 0.062; 95%CI: 0.007, 0.549), CD4 level (AOR: 0.219; 95%CI: 0.025, 1.908), and clinical stage (AOR: 0.127; 95%CI: 0.053, 0.305). Conclusions: The prevalence of chronic energy malnutrition among Human Immune deficiency virus-infected pregnant women in Addis Ababa was high and Nutritional Intervention should be an integral part of the HIV care program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20energy%20malnutrition" title="chronic energy malnutrition">chronic energy malnutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title=" HIV"> HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MUAC" title=" MUAC"> MUAC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Addis%20Ababa" title=" Addis Ababa"> Addis Ababa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182717/prevalence-and-associated-factors-of-chronic-energy-malnutrition-among-human-immune-deficiency-virus-infected-pregnant-women-in-health-centers-of-addis-ababa-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Suspended Sediment Sources Fingerprinting in Ashebeka River Catchment, Assela, Central Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Mekaa">Getachew Mekaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bezatu%20Mengisteb"> Bezatu Mengisteb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tena%20Alamirewc"> Tena Alamirewc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ashebeka River is the main source of drinking water supply for Assela City and its surrounding inhabitants. Apart from seasonal water reliability disruption, the cost of treating water downstream of the river has been increasing over time due to increased pollutants and suspended sediments. Therefore, this research aimed to identify geo-location and prioritize suspended sediment sources in the Ashebeka River catchment using sediment fingerprinting. We collected 58 composite soil samples and a river water sample for suspended sediment samples from the outlet, which were then filtered using Whatman filter paper. The samples were quantified for geochemical tracers with multi-element capability, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Tracers with significant p-value and that passed the Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test were analyzed for stepwise discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA results revealed tracers with good discrimination were subsequently used for the mixed model analysis. The relative significant sediment source contributions from sub-catchments (km2): 3, 4, 1, and 2 were estimated as 49.31% (8), 26.71% (5), 23.65% (5.6), and 0.33% (28.4) respectively. The findings of this study will help the water utilities to prioritize areas of intervention, and the approach used could be followed for catchment prioritization in water safety plan development. Moreover, the findings of this research shed light on the integration of sediment fingerprinting into water safety plans to ensure the reliability of drinking water supplies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disruption%20of%20drinking%20water%20reliability" title="disruption of drinking water reliability">disruption of drinking water reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ashebeka%20river%20catchment" title=" ashebeka river catchment"> ashebeka river catchment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20fingerprinting" title=" sediment fingerprinting"> sediment fingerprinting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20source%20contribution" title=" sediment source contribution"> sediment source contribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20model" title=" mixed model"> mixed model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190157/suspended-sediment-sources-fingerprinting-in-ashebeka-river-catchment-assela-central-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Drug-related Problems and Associated Factors among Adult Psychiatric Inpatients in Northwest Ethiopia: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ephrem%20Mebratu%20Dagnew">Ephrem Mebratu Dagnew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Biset%20Ayalew"> Mohammed Biset Ayalew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gizework%20Alemnew%20Mekonnen"> Gizework Alemnew Mekonnen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alehegn%20Bishaw%20Geremew"> Alehegn Bishaw Geremew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ousman%20Abubeker%20Abdela"> Ousman Abubeker Abdela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To assess the prevalence of drug-related problems and associated factors among adult psychiatric inpatients. Method: Hospital-based multicenter cross-sectional observational study was conducted from April to July 2021 at five randomly selected hospitals in North-west Ethiopia. A total of 325 consecutively sampled patients participated in the study. Clinical pharmacists assessed the DRPs based on clinical judgment supported by updated evidence-based diseases guidelines. A Medscape drug-interactions checker was used to check drug-drug interactions. The results were summarized using descriptive statistics, including frequency, mean, and standard deviation. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval were also computed for each variable for the corresponding P-value. The value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result : From the total of 325 study participants, more than half of them (52.9%) were females and the mean age ± (standard deviation) was 30.8±11.3 years. At least one drug-related problem was recorded from 60.9%, 95% CI (55.7-65.8) of study participants with a mean of 0.6±0.49 per patient. Need additional drug therapy was the most common DRP (22.8%), followed by non-adherence to medicine (20.6%) and adverse drug reactions (11%), respectively. Factors independently associated with drug-related problems were rural residence [AOR=1.96,95%CI:1.01-2.84, P-value=0.046], self-employed [AOR=6.0 ,95% CI: 1.0-36.9, P-value=0.035] and alcohol drinkers [AOR=6.40,95%CI:1.12-37.5, p-value=0.034]. Conclusion: The prevalence of drug-related problems among adult psychiatric patients admitted to psychiatric wards was high. Healthcare providers give more attention to tackling these problems. Being a rural residence, self-employed, and Alcohol drinkers were associated with drug-related problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychiatric%20patients" title="psychiatric patients">psychiatric patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug-relatedproblems" title=" drug-relatedproblems"> drug-relatedproblems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicenter" title=" multicenter"> multicenter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147557/drug-related-problems-and-associated-factors-among-adult-psychiatric-inpatients-in-northwest-ethiopia-multicenter-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> In Ovo Injection of N-Carbamylglutamate Improves Growth Performance, Muscle Fiber Development, and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Yuan-hao">Wang Yuan-hao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habtamu%20Ayalew"> Habtamu Ayalew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Wang"> Jing Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shugeng%20Wu"> Shugeng Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Qiu"> Kai Qiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guanghai%20Qi"> Guanghai Qi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haijun%20Zhang"> Haijun Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) has emerged as a promising candidate for regulating endogenous arginine synthesis, thereby promoting desirable growth, carcass traits, and muscle development in broilers. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of NCG in ovo feeding on the growth performance, growth hormones, and meat quality of Ross 308 breeder broilers. A total of 1680 embryo eggs were equally allocated into three treatment groups: non punctured control (NC), saline-injected control (SC; 100μL/egg), and N-carbamylglutamate injected group (NCG; 2 mg/egg). The treatment solution was injected into the amniotic cavity of the embryo at 17.5 days of incubation (DOI). For the subsequent 42 days of post hatch experimental sampling, a total of 360 broiler chicks with 6 replications per treatment and 15 chicks per replication were used. Chickens in the NCG group showed significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and final body weight (FBW) at both 21 and 42 days after hatch (DAH), while feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was significantly improved (P<0.05) at 42 DAH. The weight and percentage of drums at 21 DAH and the weight and percentage of breast muscle at 42 DAH were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the NCG group. In addition, insulin (INS), growth hormone (GH), and testosterone (T) levels were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the NCG groups at 21 and 42 DAH. Furthermore, triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) levels were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the NCG treatment group. Interestingly, meat color values were also significantly higher (P<0.05) in the NCG group at 24 hrs postmortem. Collectively, these findings show that 2 mg NCG in ovo injection improves the growth performance and meat quality of broilers; even the effects extend into the market age of the chickens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-carbamylglutamate" title="N-carbamylglutamate">N-carbamylglutamate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler" title=" broiler"> broiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20ovo%20injection" title=" in ovo injection"> in ovo injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20performance" title=" growth performance"> growth performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat%20quality" title=" meat quality"> meat quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179376/in-ovo-injection-of-n-carbamylglutamate-improves-growth-performance-muscle-fiber-development-and-meat-quality-in-broiler-chickens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> A Comprehensive Overview of Solar and Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Integration Micro-Grid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Kedir%20Jarso">Adnan Kedir Jarso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesfin%20Megra%20Rorisa"> Mesfin Megra Rorisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haftom%20Gebreslassie%20Gebregwergis"> Haftom Gebreslassie Gebregwergis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frie%20Ayalew%20Yimam"> Frie Ayalew Yimam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seada%20Hussen%20Adem"> Seada Hussen Adem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A microgrid is a small-scale power grid that can operate independently or in conjunction with the main power grid. It is a promising solution for providing reliable and sustainable energy to remote areas. The integration of solar and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in a microgrid can provide a stable and efficient source of renewable energy. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the integration of solar and VAWTs in a microgrid. The paper discusses the design, operation, and control of a microgrid that integrates solar and VAWTs. The paper also examines the performance of the microgrid in terms of efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. The paper highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using solar and VAWTs in a microgrid. The paper concludes that the integration of solar and VAWTs in a microgrid is a promising solution for providing reliable and sustainable energy to remote areas. The paper recommends further research to optimize the design and operation of a microgrid that integrates solar and VAWTs. The paper also recommends the development of policies and regulations that promote the use of microgrids that integrate solar and VAWTs. In conclusion, the integration of solar and VAWTs in a microgrid is a promising solution for providing reliable and sustainable energy to remote areas. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the integration of solar and VAWTs in a microgrid and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using solar and VAWTs in a microgrid. The paper recommends further research and the development of policies and regulations that promote the use of microgrids that integrate solar and VAWTs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20generation" title="hybrid generation">hybrid generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermittent%20power" title=" intermittent power"> intermittent power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20axis%20wind%20turbine" title=" vertical axis wind turbine"> vertical axis wind turbine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179186/a-comprehensive-overview-of-solar-and-vertical-axis-wind-turbine-integration-micro-grid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Development of a Laboratory Laser-Produced Plasma “Water Window” X-Ray Source for Radiobiology Experiments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Adjei">Daniel Adjei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesfin%20Getachew%20Ayele"> Mesfin Getachew Ayele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Przemyslaw%20Wachulak"> Przemyslaw Wachulak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrzej%20Bartnik"> Andrzej Bartnik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lud%C4%9Bk%20Vy%C5%A1%C3%ADn"> Luděk Vyšín</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henryk%20Fiedorowicz"> Henryk Fiedorowicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inam%20Ul%20Ahad"> Inam Ul Ahad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukasz%20Wegrzynski"> Lukasz Wegrzynski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Wiechecka"> Anna Wiechecka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janusz%20Lekki"> Janusz Lekki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wojciech%20M.%20Kwiatek"> Wojciech M. Kwiatek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laser produced plasma light sources, emitting high intensity pulses of X-rays, delivering high doses are useful to understand the mechanisms of high dose effects on biological samples. In this study, a desk-top laser plasma soft X-ray source, developed for radio biology research, is presented. The source is based on a double-stream gas puff target, irradiated with a commercial Nd:YAG laser (EKSPLA), which generates laser pulses of 4 ns time duration and energy up to 800 mJ at 10 Hz repetition rate. The source has been optimized for maximum emission in the “water window” wavelength range from 2.3 nm to 4.4 nm by using pure gas (argon, nitrogen and krypton) and spectral filtering. Results of the source characterization measurements and dosimetry of the produced soft X-ray radiation are shown and discussed. The high brightness of the laser produced plasma soft X-ray source and the low penetration depth of the produced X-ray radiation in biological specimen allows a high dose rate to be delivered to the specimen of over 28 Gy/shot; and 280 Gy/s at the maximum repetition rate of the laser system. The source has a unique capability for irradiation of cells with high pulse dose both in vacuum and He-environment. Demonstration of the source to induce DNA double- and single strand breaks will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20produced%20plasma" title="laser produced plasma">laser produced plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20X-rays" title=" soft X-rays"> soft X-rays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20biology%20experiments" title=" radio biology experiments"> radio biology experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dosimetry" title=" dosimetry"> dosimetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13094/development-of-a-laboratory-laser-produced-plasma-water-window-x-ray-source-for-radiobiology-experiments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">587</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Unlocking the Potential of Phosphatic Wastes: Sustainable Valorization Pathways for Synthesizing Functional Metal-Organic Frameworks and Zeolites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mohammed%20Yimer">Ali Mohammed Yimer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayalew%20H.%20Assen"> Ayalew H. Assen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youssef%20Belmabkhout"> Youssef Belmabkhout</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study delves into sustainable approaches for valorizing phosphatic wastes, specifically phosphate mining wastes and phosphogypsum, which are byproducts of phosphate industries and pose significant environmental challenges due to their accumulation. We propose a unified strategic synthesis method aimed at converting these wastes into hetero-functional porous materials. Our approach involves isolating the primary components of phosphatic wastes, such as CaO, SiO2 and Al2O3 to fabricate functional porous materials falling into two distinct classes. Firstly, alumina and silica components are extracted or isolated to produce zeolites (including CAN, GIS, SOD, FAU, and LTA), characterized by a Si/Al ratio of less than 5. Secondly, residual calcium is utilized to synthesize calcium-based metal–organic frameworks (Ca-MOFs) employing various organic linkers like Ca-BDC, Ca-BTC and Ca-TCPB (SBMOF-2), thereby providing flexibility in material design. Characterization techniques including XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and TGA-MS affirm successful material assembly, while sorption analyses using N2, CO2, and H2O demonstrate the porosity of the materials. Particularly noteworthy is the water/alcohol separation potential exhibited by the Ca-BTC MOF, owing to its optimal pore aperture size (∼3.4 Å). To enhance replicability and scalability, detailed protocols for each synthesis step and specific conditions for each process are provided, ensuring that the methodology can be easily reproduced and scaled up for industrial applications. This synthetic transformation approach represents a valorization route for converting phosphatic wastes into extended porous structures, promising significant environmental and economic benefits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium-based%20metal-organic%20frameworks" title="calcium-based metal-organic frameworks">calcium-based metal-organic frameworks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-silica%20zeolites" title=" low-silica zeolites"> low-silica zeolites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20materials" title=" porous materials"> porous materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20synthesis" title=" sustainable synthesis"> sustainable synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valorization" title=" valorization"> valorization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188791/unlocking-the-potential-of-phosphatic-wastes-sustainable-valorization-pathways-for-synthesizing-functional-metal-organic-frameworks-and-zeolites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188791.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Re-Thinking Community Relationship for Resolving Conflict and Building Peace in Ethiopia: The Need to Shift from Com-Animation to Communication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisaye%20Tamrat%20Ayalew">Sisaye Tamrat Ayalew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Ethiopia, the relationships between different communities have been characterized by mistrust, prejudice, and conflict, resulting in mass killings, displacement, and human rights violations. These relationships are mainly based on ethnic, religious, and linguistic lines, leading to a polarized society. The aim of this study is to appraise the nature of two major community relationships, namely the I-Thou relationship, characterized by genuine dialogue and mutual understanding, and the I-It relationship, characterized by a monologue and mutual suspicion. The study also aims to analyze how these two types of relationships contribute to either resolving or aggravating conflicts and building or deteriorating peace in Ethiopia. The study adopts a qualitative approach, specifically hermeneutics, to explore the nature of the I-Thou and I-It relationships in the Ethiopian context. It also examines how political elites shape these relationships within the community. The study finds that the dominant relationship in Ethiopian society is the I-It relationship, which is manifested as "com-animation." This relationship is characterized by mutual mistrust, prejudice, hostility, and misunderstanding. As a result, conflicts have arisen, leading to violence, displacement, and human rights violations. The study concludes that there is a need to shift from the I-It (com-animation) relationship to the I-Thou (communication) relationship in Ethiopian society. This shift would involve rethinking and readjusting societal relationships, especially among political elites, to foster genuine dialogue, mutual understanding, and lasting peace. It is imperative to overcome mutual mistrust, prejudice, and misunderstanding in order to resolve conflicts and build a harmonious society in Ethiopia. The study's findings and recommendations contribute to raising awareness among both Ethiopians and the international community on the potential for conflict resolution and peacebuilding through a shift in community relationships. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialogue" title="dialogue">dialogue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-Thou%20relationship" title=" I-Thou relationship"> I-Thou relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-It%20relationship" title=" I-It relationship"> I-It relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict%20resolution" title=" conflict resolution"> conflict resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20peace" title=" building peace"> building peace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169811/re-thinking-community-relationship-for-resolving-conflict-and-building-peace-in-ethiopia-the-need-to-shift-from-com-animation-to-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Completion of the Modified World Health Organization (WHO) Partograph during Labour in Public Health Institutions of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Engida%20Yisma">Engida Yisma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berhanu%20Dessalegn"> Berhanu Dessalegn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayalew%20Astatkie"> Ayalew Astatkie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nebreed%20Fesseha"> Nebreed Fesseha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends using the partograph to follow labour and delivery, with the objective to improve health care and reduce maternal and foetal morbidity and death. Methods: A retrospective document review was undertaken to assess the completion of the modified WHO partograph during labour in public health institutions of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 420 of the modified WHO partographs used to monitor mothers in labour from five public health institutions that provide maternity care were reviewed. A structured checklist was used to gather the required data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Frequency distributions, cross-tabulations and a graph were used to describe the results of the study. Results: All facilities were using the modified WHO partograph. The correct completion of the partograph was very low. From 420 partographs reviewed across all the five health facilities, foetal heart rate was recorded into the recommended standard in 129(30.7%) of the partographs, while 138 (32.9%) of cervical dilatation and 87 (20.70%) of uterine contractions were recorded to the recommended standard. The study did not document descent of the presenting part in 353 (84%). Moulding in 364 (86.7%) of the partographs reviewed was not recorded. Documentation of state of the liquor was 113(26.9%), while the maternal blood pressure was recorded to standard only in 78(18.6%) of the partographs reviewed. Conclusions: This study showed a poor completion of the modified WHO partographs during labour in public health institutions of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The findings may reflect poor management of labour and indicate the need for pre-service and periodic on-job training of health workers on the proper completion of the partograph. Regular supportive supervision, provision of guidelines and mandatory health facility policy are also needed in support of a collaborative effort to reduce maternal and perinatal deaths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20WHO%20partograph" title="modified WHO partograph">modified WHO partograph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=completion" title=" completion"> completion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health%20institutions" title=" public health institutions"> public health institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Addis%20Ababa" title=" Addis Ababa"> Addis Ababa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22192/completion-of-the-modified-world-health-organization-who-partograph-during-labour-in-public-health-institutions-of-addis-ababa-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Demeissie%20Ayalew&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Demeissie%20Ayalew&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>