COPD - What Is COPD?

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node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic node-theme-blue field__item block block-nhlbi-health-topics block-nhlbi-health-topics-book-name"> <div>COPD</div> </div> <div class="block block-nhlbi-utils block-nhlbi-global-breadcrumb"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained breadcrumbs-container"><div class="breadcrumbs"><ul> <li class='breadcrumb-home'><a href='/'>Home</a></li><li class='breacrumb-break'><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></li><li class='breadcrumb-parent'><a href='/node/93751'><span class='back-to'> < Back To </span>Health Topics</a></li><li class='breacrumb-break'><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></li><li class='breadcrumb-current'>COPD</li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-extra-field-blocknodehealth-topicscontent-moderation-control"> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodehealth-topicsfield-hide-social-media-icons"> <div class="field field--name-field-hide-social-media-icons field--type-boolean field--label-hidden field__item">0</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--25-75"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="block block-nhlbi-health-topics block-nhlbi-book-navigation component-health-topics-menu"> <div class="view-health-topics-menu view-id-health_topics_menu view-display-id-block_1 component-health-topics-blue"> <div class="view-header nav-heading"> <div class="nav-header-inner"> <a href="" hreflang="en">COPD</a> </div> <div class="nav-button-wrapper"> <a class="button nav-button" id="component-submenu-toggle" href="javascript:void(0);"> <span class="subnav-inner-text">MENU</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="block block-nhlbi-utils block-nhlbi-global-breadcrumb"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained breadcrumbs-container"><div class="breadcrumbs"><ul> <li class='breadcrumb-home'><a href='/'>Home</a></li><li class='breacrumb-break'><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></li><li class='breadcrumb-parent'><a href='/node/93751'><span class='back-to'> < Back To </span>Health Topics</a></li><li class='breacrumb-break'><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></li><li class='breadcrumb-current'>COPD</li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="subnav-menu-wrapper responsive-container responsive-container-constrained component-health-topics-blue"> <ul class="subnav-menu"> <li class="nav-active-trail nav-active section-menu-item subnav-link"> <a href="/health/copd" aria-label="What Is COPD?-COPD" hreflang="en">What Is COPD?</a> </li> <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link"> <a href="/health/copd/symptoms" aria-label="Symptoms-COPD" hreflang="en">Symptoms</a> </li> <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link"> <a href="/health/copd/diagnosis" aria-label="Diagnosis-COPD" hreflang="en">Diagnosis</a> </li> <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link"> <a href="/health/copd/causes" aria-label="Causes and Risk Factors-COPD" hreflang="en">Causes and Risk Factors</a> </li> <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link"> <a href="/health/copd/prevention" aria-label="Prevention-COPD" hreflang="en">Prevention</a> </li> <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link"> <a href="/health/copd/treatment" aria-label="Treatment-COPD" hreflang="en">Treatment</a> </li> <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link"> <a href="/health/copd/living-with" aria-label="Living With-COPD" hreflang="en">Living With</a> </li> <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link"> <a href="/health/copd/women" aria-label="Women and COPD-COPD" hreflang="en">Women and COPD</a> </li> <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link section-menu-dropdown"> <a href="">Related Conditions</a> <ul class="subnav-menu"> <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link"> <a href="/health/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency" aria-label="Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency-" hreflang="en">Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="block block-nhlbi-health-topics block-nhlbi-health-topics-more-info"> <div class="field field--name-field-component-more-information field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--component-more-information paragraph--view-mode--default responsive-container responsive-container-constrained component-more-information component-more-information-theme-blue"> <div class="health-topics-more-information"> <p>MORE INFORMATION</p> <div class="clinical-trials-info-link"> <i class="fas fa-notes-medical"></i> <a href="/research/clinical-trials?f%5B0%5D=disease_or_condition_name%3ACOPD"> Participate in a Study </a> </div> <div class="publications-info-link"> <i class="fas fa-book-open"></i> <a href="/resources?f%5B0%5D=related_health_topics%3ACOPD"> Fact Sheets and Handouts </a> </div> <div class="research-info-link"> <i class="fas fa-microscope"></i> <a href="/research/copd"> Research </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic node-theme-blue field__item block block-nhlbi-health-topics block-nhlbi-health-topics-book-name"> <div>COPD</div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodehealth-topicstitle"> <h1 class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden responsive-container responsive-container-constrained field__item"><span class="ht-kicker">COPD </span>What Is COPD?<hr> </h1> </div> <div class="block block-addtoany block-addtoany-block"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_24 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/copd" data-a2a-title="What Is COPD?"> <a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhlbi.nih.gov%2Fhealth%2Fcopd&title=What%20Is%20COPD%3F" title="Share"> <img src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/share-alt-icon.svg" alt="Share"> </a> <a class="a2a_button_email" title="Email"></a> <a class="a2a_button_print" title="Print"></a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-content" role="navigation"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"><h2 class="visually-hidden" aria-label="Switch to Espanol">Language switcher</h2><ul class="links"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92984" class="is-active" aria-current="page"><a href="/health/copd" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92984" aria-current="page">English</a></li><li hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92984"><a href="/es/salud/epoc" class="language-link" hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92984">Espa帽ol</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodehealth-topicsfield-component-page-links"> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodehealth-topicsfield-component-sections"> <div class="field field--name-field-component-sections field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden"> <div class='field__items'> <div class="paragraph component component-section component-theme-white component-section-theme-white component-section-node-theme- paragraph--type--component-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-content field--type-text-long field--label-hidden clearfix field__item"> <figure class="align-right b-loaded caption caption-img "> <div class="embed-video-container embed-video-text-container-disabled align-"> <div class="field field--name-field-video-url field--type-video-embed-field field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" title="COPD basics" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_obAlFbZDbY?autoplay=0&start=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1"></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <figcaption><em><strong>COPD Basics</strong></em><strong> </strong><em>Learn who is at risk for COPD, what symptoms to watch for, and how the disease affects the lungs. </em></figcaption> </figure> <p>COPD, or  <span data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0fef8ca4-cac9-4bed-875f-67a2016ea89f" data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_entity_view" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{"view_mode":"default","data-glossary-capitalization":"none","data-glossary-plural":"none","data-glossary-style":"0|0|0"}" data-langcode="en" class="entity-embed-glossary_term embedded-entity"> <a class="glossary-term" href="#" title="Definition of chronic " alt="Definition of chronic" data-term="chronic" data-pronunciation="KRAH-nik" data-definition="Describes a condition, disease, sign, or symptom that lasts persistently, recurs frequently, or worsens progressively over a long time. *!*!" role="link"> chronic <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info"></i></a> </span> obstructive pulmonary disease, is a condition caused by damage to the airways or other parts of the lung. This damage leads to <span data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0ba86a10-e519-4bc4-bc43-014154533b0f" data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_entity_view" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{"view_mode":"default","data-glossary-capitalization":"none","data-glossary-plural":"none","data-glossary-style":"0|0|0"}" data-langcode="en" class="entity-embed-glossary_term embedded-entity"> <a class="glossary-term" href="#" title="Definition of inflammation " alt="Definition of inflammation" data-term="inflammation" data-pronunciation="IN-fluh-MAY-shun" data-definition="A reaction to injury of the body. The signs of inflammation are swelling, redness, or pain." role="link"> inflammation <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info"></i></a> </span> and other problems that block airflow and make it hard to breathe. </p><div><div><p>COPD can cause coughing that produces large amounts of a slimy substance called <span data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="52d760d5-78e8-4429-a6c0-f68abf52bcf2" data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_entity_view" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{"view_mode":"default","data-glossary-capitalization":"none","data-glossary-plural":"none","data-glossary-style":"0|0|0"}" data-langcode="en" class="entity-embed-glossary_term embedded-entity"> <a class="glossary-term" href="#" title="Definition of mucus " alt="Definition of mucus" data-term="mucus" data-pronunciation="MYOO-kus" data-definition="A clear, thick secretion made by the membranes that line some organs of the body, including the nose, mouth, throat, and vagina." role="link"> mucus <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info"></i></a> </span> . It can also cause breathing problems, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other <span data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="6e4fe6cb-81f5-4999-aa3f-af050c2f075c" data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_entity_view" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{"view_mode":"callout_descriptive","data-glossary-capitalization":"none","data-glossary-plural":"plural","data-glossary-style":"0|0|0"}" data-langcode="en" class="entity-embed-glossary_term embedded-entity"> <a class="glossary-term" href="#" title="Definition of symptom " alt="Definition of symptom" data-term="symptom" data-pronunciation="SIMP-tum" data-definition="A problem that a patient experiences that may indicate disease but cannot be seen and does not show up on medical tests or procedures; some examples include headache, fatigue, nausea, or pain." role="link"> symptoms <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info"></i></a> </span> . Because COPD is a progressive disease, its symptoms often develop slowly but worsen over time and can limit your ability to do routine activities. Serious COPD may prevent you from doing even basic activities such as walking, cooking, or taking care of yourself. </p><p>The term COPD refers to two main conditions:</p><ul><li><strong>Emphysema </strong>develops when there is damage to the walls between many of the air sacs in the lungs. Normally, these sacs are elastic or stretchy. When you breathe in, each air sac fills up with air, like a small balloon. When you breathe out, the air sacs deflate, and the air goes out. In emphysema, it is harder for your lungs to move air out of your body. </li></ul></div><div><ul><li><strong>Chronic (long-term) </strong><a href="/health/bronchitis" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>bronchitis</strong></a> is caused by repeated or constant irritation and inflammation in the lining of the airways. A lot of thick mucus forms in the airways, making it hard to breathe. </li></ul></div><div><p>Most people who have COPD have a mixture of both emphysema and chronic bronchitis in different proportions, and how serious each condition is varies from person to person. </p></div><div><p>In the United States, COPD affects more than 14 million adults, and many others do not know they have it. More than half of those diagnosed are women. <a href="/research/data/lung-disease-rates" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Rates</a> are higher than average in American Indian and Alaska Native communities and in rural areas. COPD is a major cause of disability, and it is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.</p><p> <div data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="de76caf8-f6c1-4de7-9337-d422e48f9258" data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_entity_view" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{"view_mode":"callout_descriptive","data-callout-width":"full"}" class="align-left callout-embed-width-full entity-embed-callout embedded-entity" data-langcode="en"> <article class="node node--type-callout node--promoted node--view-mode-callout-descriptive blue"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="component-callout-container component-callout-container-descriptive component-callout-container-descriptive-blue component-callout-container-descriptive-white callout-descriptive-with-image"> <div class="callout-descriptive"> <div class="callout-descriptive-image"> <div class="field field--name-field-callout-descriptive-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png" width="720" height="480" alt="farm land" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/crop_callout/public/2024-10/callout-copd-rural-communities.jpg?itok=YPZRKDp5" class="b-lazy image-style-crop-callout"> </div> </div> <div class="callout-descriptive-text"> <div class="field field--name-field-kicker field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">INFOGRAPHIC</div> <div class="field field--name-field-callout-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"> <h3>COPD in Rural Communities Infographic</h3><p>Learn what makes COPD a disease of rural America and how to take action.</p> </div> <div class="nhlbi_text_link_button nhlbi_text_link_button_blue field--name-field-callout-link"> <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/copd-rural-communities-infographic" aria-label="View the infographic.">View the infographic.<span class="fa-left-icon fa-li fa-li-blue"><i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-right"></i></span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div>  </p></div></div><div><p>The good news is that COPD can often be prevented, mainly by not smoking. In the United States and other high-income countries, cigarette smoking is the main cause of COPD. Most people who have COPD smoke or used to smoke. Worldwide, however, tobacco is related to just half of all COPD cases. In the developing world, air pollution plays a much larger role. A <span data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="c2a84d65-bbc7-4d0c-9cca-eb4967c97174" data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_entity_view" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{"view_mode":"default","data-glossary-capitalization":"none","data-glossary-plural":"none","data-glossary-style":"0|0|0"}" data-langcode="en" class="entity-embed-glossary_term embedded-entity"> <a class="glossary-term" href="#" title="Definition of genetic " alt="Definition of genetic" data-term="genetic" data-pronunciation="jeh-NEH-tik" data-definition="Having to do with genes. Most genes are sequences of DNA that contain information for making specific proteins or molecules of RNA that perform important functions in a cell. The information in genes is passed from parents to children." role="link"> genetic <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info"></i></a> </span> condition called <a href="/health/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency</a> can also cause the disease.  <br> </p></div><div><p>If you have smoked or have COPD symptoms, ask your healthcare provider about your risk of COPD. Even people in their 40s have higher rates of COPD than the population overall, so don鈥檛 hesitate to ask. Although there is no cure, <a href="https://mcas-proxyweb.mcas.ms/certificate-checker?login=false&originalUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhlbi.nih.gov.mcas.ms%2Fhealth%2Fcopd%2Ftreatment%3FMcasTsid%3D20892&McasCSRF=4094026b2d5d1512b613c576a070170761d7889ffa4b06b46e49434e05cedede" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">treatments</a> and lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking can help you feel better, stay more active, and slow the progress of the disease. You may also need  <span data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d845cb0e-1435-4fa3-b2c7-5fdd4d965cb8" data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_entity_view" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{"view_mode":"default","data-glossary-capitalization":"none","data-glossary-plural":"none","data-glossary-style":"0|0|0"}" data-langcode="en" class="entity-embed-glossary_term embedded-entity"> <a class="glossary-term" href="#" title="Definition of oxygen " alt="Definition of oxygen" data-term="oxygen" data-pronunciation="OK-sih-jen" data-definition="A gas that is essential for humans and other animals to live. It is breathed into the lungs from the air. In the lungs, it enters the bloodstream, where red blood cells transport it to cells throughout your body." role="link"> oxygen <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info"></i></a> </span>  therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, or medicines to treat complications. </p><p> <div data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="c461dfa6-2976-4568-b4b2-6f0b520d9c25" data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_entity_view" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{"view_mode":"callout_descriptive","data-callout-width":"full"}" class="align-left callout-embed-width-full entity-embed-callout embedded-entity" data-langcode="en"> <article class="node node--type-callout node--promoted node--view-mode-callout-descriptive blue"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="component-callout-container component-callout-container-descriptive component-callout-container-descriptive-blue component-callout-container-descriptive-white callout-descriptive-with-image"> <div class="callout-descriptive"> <div class="callout-descriptive-image"> <div class="field field--name-field-callout-descriptive-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png" width="720" height="480" alt="nurse checking an older female patient with a stethoscope" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/crop_callout/public/2024-10/callout-copd-alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency.jpg?itok=3TKHTXcC" class="b-lazy image-style-crop-callout"> </div> </div> <div class="callout-descriptive-text"> <div class="field field--name-field-kicker field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">QUICK GUIDE</div> <div class="field field--name-field-callout-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"> <h3>A Quick Guide on COPD</h3> <p>This guide provides an overview of COPD and its symptoms.</p> </div> <div class="nhlbi_text_link_button nhlbi_text_link_button_blue field--name-field-callout-link"> <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/quick-guide-copd" aria-label="View the quick guide.">View the quick guide.<span class="fa-left-icon fa-li fa-li-blue"><i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-right"></i></span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </p></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="block block-nhlbi-health-topics block-nhlbi-book-nav-block"> <nav id="book-navigation-92340" class="book-navigation responsive-container-constrained" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="book-label-92340"> <h3 class="visually-hidden" id="book-label-92340">Book traversal links for What Is COPD?</h3> <ul class="book-pager"> <li class="book-pager__item book-pager__item--next"> <h4 class="nav-label">Next</h4> <a href="/health/copd/symptoms" rel="next" title="Go to next page">Symptoms <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="block 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