Health Topics | NHLBI, NIH

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/meta_image/public/media/images/NHLBI_Health%20Topic%20Meta%20Image_1200x627_0.jpg?itok=TS0XQ4c2" /> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NHLBI, NIH" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Health Topics" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/meta_image/public/media/images/NHLBI_Health%20Topic%20Meta%20Image_1200x627_0.jpg?itok=TS0XQ4c2" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@nih_nhlbi" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Health Topics | NHLBI, NIH" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/meta_image/public/media/images/NHLBI_Health%20Topic%20Meta%20Image_1200x627_0.jpg?itok=TS0XQ4c2" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="//use.fontawesome.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="//fonts.googleapis.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="//themes.googleusercontent.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://static.addtoany.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://dap.digitalgov.gov" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://assets.adobedtm.com" /> <meta name="description" content="NHLBI’s health topics provide information to help you learn more about heart, lung, blood, and sleep conditions, diagnostic tests, and treatments." /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health" /> <script>window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={};a2a_config.onclick = 1; a2a_config.num_services = 4; a2a_config.prioritize = [ 'facebook', 'twitter', 'linkedin', 'copy_link', ]; </script> <style>.a2apage_wide.a2a_wide{display:none;} .a2a_menu.a2a_full{display:none !important;} #a2a_overlay{display:none !important;} .addtoany_share span{background-color: #0051a8 !important;} .a2a_button_email span{background-color: #0051a8 !important;} .a2a_button_print span{background-color: #0051a8 !important;} .a2a_s_link {background-color: #0051a8 !important;}</style> <title>Health Topics | NHLBI, NIH</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_kzvxa_uVxGTKZmCvDUMMgxe5xMwpXkp1xoR47WNINSY.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=nhlbi&include=eJyNUNGSgzAI_KFoPskhCTVcMTgB6_n3l9b0pm_1hdldlmEBUjKBcnjoYLxVKeZurcCOKgv6DzzuGJ5URxWm9N1Wcd4Y6ncj05wvrA0VStLvPstULhyRoa6XI77cF3O-vBd_FDc1WVzJHGiKd0xkUv1JsRjZMeESMDk91HDxARRPt990b9848cwSgAe1g6nMrlCe8NcavvtUtxV4_JAcwyGbTYk0ygPr4aVgFH7rYSNOWL3lik99UoxGUvqu0zXYLq03tGfX_xgUpQyBJd670CeHdghj7zwId_WvOi6SNkYXpeI7KPzAb5_OCGx5MFkpqosMqocvktAFNMPaDlpFMU034kbVz1iwAvfxAKXRc-sfGIgnbA" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_NlABAO-sW0q0MORqlHF_KCuiL0jR4ZBHZiGQEu-qoUo.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=nhlbi&include=eJyNUNGSgzAI_KFoPskhCTVcMTgB6_n3l9b0pm_1hdldlmEBUjKBcnjoYLxVKeZurcCOKgv6DzzuGJ5URxWm9N1Wcd4Y6ncj05wvrA0VStLvPstULhyRoa6XI77cF3O-vBd_FDc1WVzJHGiKd0xkUv1JsRjZMeESMDk91HDxARRPt990b9848cwSgAe1g6nMrlCe8NcavvtUtxV4_JAcwyGbTYk0ygPr4aVgFH7rYSNOWL3lik99UoxGUvqu0zXYLq03tGfX_xgUpQyBJd670CeHdghj7zwId_WvOi6SNkYXpeI7KPzAb5_OCGx5MFkpqosMqocvktAFNMPaDlpFMU034kbVz1iwAvfxAKXRc-sfGIgnbA" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_wQZJL2rmDbLuuRUdU_WjjxgOSS_bDd3Seek3xthNJYM.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=nhlbi&include=eJyNUNGSgzAI_KFoPskhCTVcMTgB6_n3l9b0pm_1hdldlmEBUjKBcnjoYLxVKeZurcCOKgv6DzzuGJ5URxWm9N1Wcd4Y6ncj05wvrA0VStLvPstULhyRoa6XI77cF3O-vBd_FDc1WVzJHGiKd0xkUv1JsRjZMeESMDk91HDxARRPt990b9848cwSgAe1g6nMrlCe8NcavvtUtxV4_JAcwyGbTYk0ygPr4aVgFH7rYSNOWL3lik99UoxGUvqu0zXYLq03tGfX_xgUpQyBJd670CeHdghj7zwId_WvOi6SNkYXpeI7KPzAb5_OCGx5MFkpqosMqocvktAFNMPaDlpFMU034kbVz1iwAvfxAKXRc-sfGIgnbA" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_YCX5rR1_drNszcD-S2hHzf8NRtoD2_vOyltPNPsCmLU.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=nhlbi&include=eJyNUNGSgzAI_KFoPskhCTVcMTgB6_n3l9b0pm_1hdldlmEBUjKBcnjoYLxVKeZurcCOKgv6DzzuGJ5URxWm9N1Wcd4Y6ncj05wvrA0VStLvPstULhyRoa6XI77cF3O-vBd_FDc1WVzJHGiKd0xkUv1JsRjZMeESMDk91HDxARRPt990b9848cwSgAe1g6nMrlCe8NcavvtUtxV4_JAcwyGbTYk0ygPr4aVgFH7rYSNOWL3lik99UoxGUvqu0zXYLq03tGfX_xgUpQyBJd670CeHdghj7zwId_WvOi6SNkYXpeI7KPzAb5_OCGx5MFkpqosMqocvktAFNMPaDlpFMU034kbVz1iwAvfxAKXRc-sfGIgnbA" /> <script src="https://script.crazyegg.com/pages/scripts/0098/3175.js" async></script> <script src="//assets.adobedtm.com/073614e3197b/44904e2aeeca/launch-f5509bc9803f.min.js" async></script> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/icons/touch-icon-ipad.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/icons/touch-icon-iphone-retina.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/icons/touch-icon-ipad-retina.png"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Merriweather:ital,wght@0,400;0,700;1,400;1,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body class="health path-node node--type-basic-page"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="layout-container"> <header role="banner" id="header" class="header row"> <div class="region region-header"> <div id="block-uswdsbanner" class="block block-block-content block-block-content481480b7-71a2-4bd6-aebd-bab5f19db932"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><section aria-label="Official government website" class="usa-banner"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <div class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"><img alt="U.S. flag" class="usa-banner__header-flag b-lazy" height="auto" width="auto" data-src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/assets/uswds/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png"></div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p> <p aria-hidden="true" class="usa-banner__header-action">Here’s how you know</p> </div> <button aria-controls="gov-banner-default-default" aria-expanded="false" class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" type="button"><span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span></button></div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default-default"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"><img alt aria-hidden="true" class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img b-lazy" role="img" height="auto" width="auto" data-src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/assets/uswds/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p><strong>Official websites use .gov</strong><br> A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.</p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"><img alt aria-hidden="true" class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img b-lazy" role="img" height="auto" width="auto" data-src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/assets/uswds/dist/img/icon-https.svg" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p><strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong><br> A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"><svg aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title-default banner-lock-description-default" class="usa-banner__lock-image" focusable="false" height="64" role="img" viewBox="0 0 52 64" width="52"> <title id="banner-lock-title-default"></title> <desc id="banner-lock-description-default">A locked padlock</desc> <path d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z" fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" /> </svg> </span>) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div id="block-sitebranding-2" class="block block-system block-system-branding-block"> <script type="text/javascript"> function toggleMainNavigationMenu(){ jQuery('#main-menu-header-no-desktop ul.menu').toggle(); }; </script> <div id="block-mainnavigation" class="block block-system block-system-menu-blockmain"> <div id="main-menu-container"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <div id="main-menu-header"> <div id="main-site-top"> <div id="main-site-logo"> <a aria-label="home" href="/"> <img class="b-lazy" data-src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/NHLBI-logo.svg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" alt="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Home"/> </a> </div> <div id="header-searchbox" class="last"> <div class="global-search-bar" id="global-search-bar-tablet-desktop"> <form action="/site-search" method="GET"> <label for="searchQueryText_tablet_desktop" class="visually-hidden"> <span> Search Query: </span> </label> <input id="searchQueryText_tablet_desktop" type="text" name="searchtext" placeholder="Search the NHLBI" autocomplete="off"> <input type="submit" class="submit-button" aria-label="Global Search Desktop" label="Global Search Button"> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main-navbar"> <div id="publication-shopping-cart"></div> <div id="searchBoxIconInner" tabindex="0" role="search"></div> <div class="hamburger-nav-icon-box"> <div id="hamburger-nav-icon"></div> </div> <ul class="menu-level-0" role="menu" aria-label="main menu"> <div class="active menu-item-link-main menu-item-link menu-item--active-trail expand-vertical hidden"> <span class="level-0-link" id="main-menu-item-main-button" tabindex="0"> <a> MAIN MENU </a> </span> </div> <li class="menu-item-link menu-item--active-trail expand-horizontal fa-light fa-user-doctor menu-style-2-level" class="menu-item-link menu-item--active-trail expand-horizontal fa-light fa-user-doctor menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-health-topics" role="menuitem"> <span class="level-0-link" class="menu-item-link menu-item--active-trail expand-horizontal fa-light fa-user-doctor menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-health-topics-inner" tabindex="0" role="button"> Health Topics </span> <div class="main-menu-children-wrapper" tab> <div class="level1-menu-wrapper hidden expand-horizontal fa-light fa-user-doctor menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-health-topics_children"> <ul class="menu-level-1"> <li class="highlighted" > <a href="/health" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93751" class="is-active" aria-current="page">All Health Topics A-Z</a> <ul class="menu-level-2"> <li > <a href="/health/asthma" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92783">Asthma</a> </li> <li > <a href="/health/heart-healthy-living" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93169">Heart-Healthy Living</a> </li> <li > <a href="/health/high-blood-pressure" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93173">High Blood Pressure</a> </li> <li > <a href="/health/sickle-cell-disease" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92844">Sickle Cell Disease</a> </li> <li > <a href="/health/sleep-apnea" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93139">Sleep Apnea</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="highlighted" > <a href="/covid" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/89977">Information & Resources on COVID-19</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-book menu-style-2-level" class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-book menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-resources" role="menuitem"> <span class="level-0-link" class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-book menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-resources-inner" tabindex="0" role="button"> Health Education </span> <div class="main-menu-children-wrapper" tab> <div class="level1-menu-wrapper hidden expand-vertical fa-light fa-book menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-resources_children"> <ul class="menu-level-1"> <li class="highlighted" > <a href="/education" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80460">Education Programs and Initiatives</a> <ul class="menu-level-2"> <li > <a href="/health-topics/education-and-awareness/heart-truth" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/86712">The Heart Truth®</a> </li> <li > <a href="/BreatheBetter" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/87500">Learn More Breathe Better®</a> </li> <li > <a href="/education/blood" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/91892">Blood Diseases & Disorders Education Program</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="highlighted" > <a href="/resources?f%5B0%5D=language%3AEnglish" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"f":["language:English"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/127707">Publications and Resources</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-vial menu-style-split menu-style-final-link menu-style-1-level-heading" class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-vial menu-style-split menu-style-final-link menu-style-1-level-heading" id="main-menu-item-research" role="menuitem"> <span class="level-0-link" class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-vial menu-style-split menu-style-final-link menu-style-1-level-heading" id="main-menu-item-research-inner" tabindex="0" role="button"> Research </span> <div class="main-menu-children-wrapper" tab> <div class="level1-menu-wrapper hidden expand-vertical fa-light fa-vial menu-style-split menu-style-final-link menu-style-1-level-heading" id="main-menu-item-research_children"> <ul class="menu-level-1"> <li class="highlighted" > <a href="/research/clinical-trials" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93754">Clinical Trials and Studies</a> </li> <li class="highlighted" > <a href="/science" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80002">Research Focus Areas</a> <ul class="menu-level-2"> <li > <a href="/science/blood-disorders-and-blood-safety" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80037">Blood Disorders and Blood Safety</a> </li> <li > <a href="/science/sleep-science-and-sleep-disorders" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80038">Sleep Science and Sleep Disorders</a> </li> <li > <a href="/science/lung-diseases" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80039">Lung Diseases</a> </li> <li > <a href="/science/health-disparities-and-inequities" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80046">Health Disparities and Inequities</a> </li> <li > <a href="/science/heart-and-vascular-diseases" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80040">Heart and Vascular Diseases</a> </li> <li > <a href="/science/precision-medicine-activities" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80042">Precision Medicine Activities</a> </li> <li > <a href="/science/obesity-nutrition-and-physical-activity" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80041">Obesity, Nutrition, and Physical Activity</a> </li> <li > <a href="/science/population-and-epidemiology-studies" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80043">Population and Epidemiology Studies</a> </li> <li > <a href="/science/womens-health" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80044">Women’s Health</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="highlighted" > <a href="/research/research-topics" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/129758">Research Topics</a> </li> <li class="highlighted highlighted-button" > <a href="/science/all-science" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83134">All Science A-Z</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item-link expand-horizontal fa-light fa-square-list menu-style-1-level" class="menu-item-link expand-horizontal fa-light fa-square-list menu-style-1-level" id="main-menu-item-grants-and-training" role="menuitem"> <span class="level-0-link" class="menu-item-link expand-horizontal fa-light fa-square-list menu-style-1-level" id="main-menu-item-grants-and-training-inner" tabindex="0" role="button"> Grants and Training </span> <div class="main-menu-children-wrapper" tab> <div class="level1-menu-wrapper hidden expand-horizontal fa-light fa-square-list menu-style-1-level" id="main-menu-item-grants-and-training_children"> <ul class="menu-level-1"> <li > <a href="/grants-and-training" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80073">Grants and Training Home</a> </li> <li > <a href="/grants-and-training/policies-procedures-and-guidelines" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80570">Policies and Guidelines</a> </li> <li > <a href="/grants-and-training/funding-opportunities-and-contacts" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80466">Funding Opportunities and Contacts</a> </li> <li > <a href="/grants-and-training/training-and-career-development" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80462">Training and Career Development</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item-link expand-horizontal fa-light fa-newspaper menu-style-2-level" class="menu-item-link expand-horizontal fa-light fa-newspaper menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-news-and-items" role="menuitem"> <span class="level-0-link" class="menu-item-link expand-horizontal fa-light fa-newspaper menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-news-and-items-inner" tabindex="0" role="button"> News and Events </span> <div class="main-menu-children-wrapper" tab> <div class="level1-menu-wrapper hidden expand-horizontal fa-light fa-newspaper menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-news-and-items_children"> <ul class="menu-level-1"> <li class="highlighted" > <a href="/news-and-events" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80001">News and Events Home</a> <ul class="menu-level-2"> <li > <a href="/news-and-events/email-alerts" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80442">Email Alerts</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="highlighted" > <a href="/news" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83132">All News</a> <ul class="menu-level-2"> <li > <a href="/news?news_type=press_release" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"news_type":"press_release"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83132"> NHLBI News</a> </li> <li > <a href="/news?news_type=news_mention" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"news_type":"news_mention"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83132">NHLBI in the Press</a> </li> <li > <a href="/news?news_type=feature_article" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"news_type":"feature_article"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83132">Research Features</a> </li> <li > <a href="/ask-a-scientist" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/131679">Ask a Scientist</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="highlighted" > <a href="/events" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83133">All Events</a> <ul class="menu-level-2"> <li > <a href="/events?field_event_date_custom=Past%20Only" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"field_event_date_custom":"Past Only"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83133">Past Events</a> </li> <li > <a href="/events?field_event_date_custom=Upcoming%20Only" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"field_event_date_custom":"Upcoming Only"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83133">Upcoming Events </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-circle-info menu-style-split menu-style-1-level-heading menu-style-1-level menu-style-align-right" class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-circle-info menu-style-split menu-style-1-level-heading menu-style-1-level menu-style-align-right" id="main-menu-item-about-nhlbi" role="menuitem"> <span class="level-0-link" class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-circle-info menu-style-split menu-style-1-level-heading menu-style-1-level menu-style-align-right" id="main-menu-item-about-nhlbi-inner" tabindex="0" role="button"> About NHLBI </span> <div class="main-menu-children-wrapper" tab> <div class="level1-menu-wrapper hidden expand-vertical fa-light fa-circle-info menu-style-split menu-style-1-level-heading menu-style-1-level menu-style-align-right" id="main-menu-item-about-nhlbi_children"> <ul class="menu-level-1"> <li class="highlighted" > <a href="/about" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80068">About NHLBI Home</a> <ul class="menu-level-2"> <li > <a href="/about/strategic-vision" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80111">Mission and Strategic Vision</a> </li> <li > <a href="/about/leadership" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80312">Leadership</a> </li> <li > <a href="/about/divisions" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/86122">Divisions, Offices and Centers</a> </li> <li > <a href="/about/advisory-and-peer-review-committees" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80100">Advisory Committees</a> </li> <li > <a href="/about/budget-and-legislative-information" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/90263">Budget and Legislative Information</a> </li> <li > <a href="/about/working-at-nhlbi" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80445">Jobs and Working at the NHLBI</a> </li> <li > <a href="/contact" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93979">Contact and FAQs</a> </li> <li > <a href="/sleep-research-plan" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92164">NIH Sleep Research Plan</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="active menu-item-link-home menu-item-link menu-item--active-trail expand-vertical" role="menuitem"> <div class="level-0-link-home" id="main-menu-item-home-button" tabindex="0"> <a href="/"> HOME </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="global-search-bar-phone"> <div class="global-search-bar"> <form action="/site-search" method="GET"> <label for="searchQueryText_phone"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Search Text: </span> </label> <input id="searchQueryText_phone" type="text" name="searchtext" placeholder="Search the NHLBI" autocomplete="off"> <input type="submit" class="submit-button" aria-label="Global Search Mobile" label="Global Search Button"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main-menu-blur-shadow"> </div> <div id="main-menu-blur-shadow-tablet-mobile"> </div> <div id="search-bar-blur-shadow"> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main role="main" id="main" class="row"> <div id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></div> <div class="flexible two-sidebars"> <div id="cart-container-wrapper-lightbox"></div> <div class="layout-content"> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div><article> <div> <div class="layout layout--twocol-thirds"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--top"> <div class="block block-block-content block-block-content7d382fba-c5e1-44dc-ac03-0b430d9bd78c block-type-banner-block banner-block-theme-light-blue"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <div class="banner-block-header"> <h1 class="banner-block-title"> Health Topics </h1> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-block-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/es/salud" hreflang="en">Español</a></div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>NHLBI’s health topics provide information to help you learn more about heart, lung, blood, and sleep conditions, diagnostic tests, and treatments.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained layout-column-wrapper"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="block block-block-content block-block-contentd3d72a31-8e86-44de-8d2d-4f07154a4ef5 block-type-section-title-block"> <h2>Search Health Topics A-Z</h2> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockhealth-topics-a-z-block-1"> <div> <div class="view view-health-topics-a-z view-id-health_topics_a_z view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-ca190a7b6c383086c9457c76390c5acb531f77507a72334b49bee2ebc13064e5"> <div class="view-filters"> <form class="views-exposed-form bef-exposed-form" data-bef-auto-submit-full-form="" data-bef-auto-submit="" data-bef-auto-submit-delay="500" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-health-topics-a-z-block-1" action="/health" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-health-topics-a-z-block-1" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="form--inline clearfix"> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textfield form-type-textfield js-form-item-search form-item-search"> <label for="edit-search"><span>Search Box</span></label> <input placeholder="Search a condition, treatment, or topic." data-bef-auto-submit-exclude="" data-drupal-selector="edit-search" type="text" id="edit-search" name="search" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text"/> </div> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"> <input data-bef-auto-submit-click="" aria-label="Search" data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-health-topics-a-z" type="submit" id="edit-submit-health-topics-a-z" value="" class="button js-form-submit form-submit"/> </div> <fieldset data-drupal-selector="edit-letter" id="edit-letter--wrapper" class="fieldgroup form-composite js-form-item form-item js-form-wrapper form-wrapper"> <legend> <span class="fieldset-legend"></span> </legend> <div class="fieldset-wrapper"> <div id="edit-letter"> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-all" type="radio" id="edit-letter-all" name="letter" value="All" checked="checked" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-all" class="option"><span>ALL</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-a" type="radio" id="edit-letter-a" name="letter" value="A" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-a" class="option"><span>A</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-b" type="radio" id="edit-letter-b" name="letter" value="B" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-b" class="option"><span>B</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-c" type="radio" id="edit-letter-c" name="letter" value="C" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-c" class="option"><span>C</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-d" type="radio" id="edit-letter-d" name="letter" value="D" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-d" class="option"><span>D</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-e" type="radio" id="edit-letter-e" name="letter" value="E" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-e" class="option"><span>E</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-f" type="radio" id="edit-letter-f" name="letter" value="F" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-f" class="option"><span>F</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-g" type="radio" id="edit-letter-g" name="letter" value="G" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-g" class="option"><span>G</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-h" type="radio" id="edit-letter-h" name="letter" value="H" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-h" class="option"><span>H</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-i" type="radio" id="edit-letter-i" name="letter" value="I" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-i" class="option"><span>I</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-j" type="radio" id="edit-letter-j" name="letter" value="J" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-j" class="option"><span>J</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-k" type="radio" id="edit-letter-k" name="letter" value="K" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-k" class="option"><span>K</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-l" type="radio" id="edit-letter-l" name="letter" value="L" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-l" class="option"><span>L</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-m" type="radio" id="edit-letter-m" name="letter" value="M" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-m" class="option"><span>M</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-n" type="radio" id="edit-letter-n" name="letter" value="N" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-n" class="option"><span>N</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-o" type="radio" id="edit-letter-o" name="letter" value="O" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-o" class="option"><span>O</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-p" type="radio" id="edit-letter-p" name="letter" value="P" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-p" class="option"><span>P</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-q" type="radio" id="edit-letter-q" name="letter" value="Q" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-q" class="option"><span>Q</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-r" type="radio" id="edit-letter-r" name="letter" value="R" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-r" class="option"><span>R</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-s" type="radio" id="edit-letter-s" name="letter" value="S" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-s" class="option"><span>S</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-t" type="radio" id="edit-letter-t" name="letter" value="T" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-t" class="option"><span>T</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-u" type="radio" id="edit-letter-u" name="letter" value="U" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-u" class="option"><span>U</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-v" type="radio" id="edit-letter-v" name="letter" value="V" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-v" class="option"><span>V</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-w" type="radio" id="edit-letter-w" name="letter" value="W" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-w" class="option"><span>W</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-x" type="radio" id="edit-letter-x" name="letter" value="X" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-x" class="option"><span>X</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-y" type="radio" id="edit-letter-y" name="letter" value="Y" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-y" class="option"><span>Y</span></label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-type-radio js-form-item-letter form-item-letter"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-letter-z" type="radio" id="edit-letter-z" name="letter" value="Z" class="form-radio"/> <label for="edit-letter-z" class="option"><span>Z</span></label> </div> </div> </div> </fieldset> </div> </form> </div> <div class="view-header"> Displaying <strong>8 out of 102</strong> results </div> <div class="view-content"> <h3 class="letter-heading">A</h3> <div> <article class="node node--type-health-topics node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Condition</div> <a href="/health/ards" rel="bookmark" class="title-link"> <h4 class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome</h4> </a> <div class="node__content"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-summary field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a serious lung condition that causes low blood oxygen levels.</p></div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article class="node node--type-health-topics node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Condition</div> <a href="/health/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency" rel="bookmark" class="title-link"> <h4 class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency</h4> </a> <div class="node__content"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-summary field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited condition in which the body does not make enough of a protein called alpha-1 antitrypsin. This raises the risk of lung diseases such as COPD.</p></div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article class="node node--type-health-topics node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Condition</div> <a href="/health/anemia" rel="bookmark" class="title-link"> <h4 class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Anemia</h4> </a> <div class="node__content"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-summary field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Anemia is a condition in which the blood has a lower-than-normal amount of healthy red blood cells.</p></div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article class="node node--type-health-topics node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Condition</div> <a href="/health/angina" rel="bookmark" class="title-link"> <h4 class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Angina (Chest Pain)</h4> </a> <div class="node__content"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-summary field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Angina is chest pain or discomfort that happens when an area of the heart does not get enough oxygen-rich blood. It is a common symptom of heart disease.</p></div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article class="node node--type-health-topics node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Condition</div> <a href="/health/antiphospholipid-syndrome" rel="bookmark" class="title-link"> <h4 class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) </h4> </a> <div class="node__content"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-summary field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition that causes abnormal blood clots to form in the blood vessels.</p></div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article class="node node--type-health-topics node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Condition</div> <a href="/health/aortic-aneurysm" rel="bookmark" class="title-link"> <h4 class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Aortic Aneurysm</h4> </a> <div class="node__content"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-summary field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Aortic aneurysms are balloon-like bulges that occur in the aorta, which carries blood from your heart to the rest of your body. An aneurysm that bursts is a medical emergency. </p></div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article class="node node--type-health-topics node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Condition</div> <a href="/health/anemia/aplastic-anemia" rel="bookmark" class="title-link"> <h4 class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Aplastic Anemia</h4> </a> <div class="node__content"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-summary field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Aplastic anemia is a condition in which bone marrow does not make enough new blood cells for the body’s needs.</p></div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article class="node node--type-health-topics node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Condition</div> <a href="/health/arrhythmias" rel="bookmark" class="title-link"> <h4 class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Arrhythmias</h4> </a> <div class="node__content"> <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic-summary field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>An arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat, is a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat. Your heart may beat too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular rhythm. </p></div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <nav class="pager" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="pagination-heading"> <h4 id="pagination-heading" class="visually-hidden">Pagination</h4> <ul class="pager__items js-pager__items"> <li class="pager__item is-active"> <a href="?page=0" title="Current page" aria-current="page"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Current page </span>1</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=1" title="Go to page 2" > <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>2</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=2" title="Go to page 3" > <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>3</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=3" title="Go to page 4" > <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>4</a> </li> <li class="pager__item pager__item--ellipsis" role="presentation">…</li> <li class="pager__item pager__item--next"> <a href="?page=1" title="Go to next page" rel="next" > <span>Next</span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="pager-next"></span> </a> </li> <li class="pager__item pager__item--last"> <a href="?page=12" title="Go to last page" > <span>Last</span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="pager-last"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="block block-block-content block-block-contentd032d3fd-79ab-4353-bbf9-6628db45f43a block-type-section-title-block"> <h2>Resources</h2> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-block-contentac5e8790-775c-4451-9991-2049039842e9 block-type-icon-block icon-block-theme-blue"> <div class="icon-block-header"> <div class="block-icon"><div class="fontawesome-icons"> <div class="fontawesome-icon"> <span class="fas fa-stethoscope" data-fa-transform="" data-fa-mask="" style=""></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="icon-block-title-wrapper"> <h4 class="icon-block-title">Clinical Trials</h4> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The NHLBI leads and supports many clinical trials to help find new ways to prevent, detect, and treat heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders.</p></div> <div class="field field--name-field-block-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/health-topics/about-clinical-trials/nhlbi-clinical-trials" hreflang="en">Find NHLBI clinical trials that are currently enrolling participants.</a></div> </div> <div class="block block-inline-block block-block-content76c1e65f-afb7-4bd2-84eb-94199c33fce0 block-type-icon-block icon-block-theme-blue"> <div class="icon-block-header"> <div class="block-icon"><div class="fontawesome-icons"> <div class="fontawesome-icon"> <span class="fas fa-book-open" data-fa-transform="" data-fa-mask="" style=""></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="icon-block-title-wrapper"> <h4 class="icon-block-title">Fact Sheets and Handouts</h4> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The NHLBI develops materials for patients and health professionals on many heart, lung, blood, and sleep conditions. Information from the NHLBI is based on the latest scientific findings.</p></div> <div class="field field--name-field-block-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/health-topics/publications-and-resources" hreflang="en">Explore the NHLBI’s publications and resources.</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer role="contentinfo"> <div class="region region-footer"> <div id="block-footerblock" class="block block-block-content block-block-contente34e68d7-0b62-4cbe-ada1-9e43b89bc1ac"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="back-to-top-link-menu" class="block block-menu navigation menu--back-to-top-link"> <div class="visually-hidden" id="back-to-top-link-menu" class="h2"> Back To Top Link </div> <div class="menu"> <div class="menu-item" class="menu-item" style="height:1em;" > <a href="#main-content" class="back-to-top-link">Back to top</a> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout--threecol-section layout--threecol-section--33-34-33 footer-top responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="web-policies-notices-menu" class="block block-menu navigation menu--web-policies-notices"> <div id="web-policies-notices-menu" class="h2"> Web Policies & Notices </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item" > <a href="/about/contact/website-privacy-and-accessibility" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/94303">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="menu-item" > <a href="https://www.edi.nih.gov/no-fear-act" rel="noreferrer"> No FEAR Act Data</a> </li> <li class="menu-item" > <a href="/about/contact/website-privacy-and-accessibility/privacy-statement" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/122847">Privacy Policy</a> </li> <li class="menu-item" > <a href="/about/contact/website-privacy-and-accessibility" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/94303">Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</a> </li> <li class="menu-item" > <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" rel="noreferrer">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="related-government-websites-menu" class="block block-menu navigation menu--related-government-websites"> <div id="related-government-websites-menu" class="h2"> Related Government Websites </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item" > <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/" rel="noreferrer">Health and Human Services</a> </li> <li class="menu-item" > <a href="https://www.nih.gov/" rel="noreferrer">National Institutes of Health</a> </li> <li class="menu-item" > <a href="https://oig.hhs.gov/" rel="noreferrer">Office of the Inspector General</a> </li> <li class="menu-item" > <a href="https://www.usa.gov/" rel="noreferrer">USA.gov</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--third"> <div class="block block-block-content block-block-content9c447866-1f95-4857-a5d6-00015338372f"> <div class="h2"> Stay Connected </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><ul class="ft-stay-connected"><li class="live-chat-link"><p><img class="b-lazy b-loaded is-b-loaded b-lazy" alt="chat bubbles" height="30" loading="lazy" width="auto" data-src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/messages-question-regular.svg" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png"> <a class="ext" href="#" onclick="window.open('https://nhlbichat.iqsolutions.com/chatbeacon/NIH/1/survey/survey?accountId=1&siteId=1&queueId=1&theme=blue&popout=true&sessionId=602860bd-6613-4f2f-a3b6-bf1cf9f4d39f&visitorId=9ca462e3-5378-4b69-90b9-b38ce5259877&ispopout=true&pc=true','Live Chat','width=435,height=700'); return false;" target="_blank " aria-label="Open live chat (Link is external)" rel="noopener">Live Chat</a><span class="ext-icon"> </span></p><p>Live Chat with us, Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. EST.</p></li><li class="emails-alert-link"><p><img class="b-lazy b-loaded is-b-loaded b-lazy" alt="envelope" height="30" loading="lazy" width="auto" data-src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/envelope-open-text-solid.svg" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png"><a href="/news-and-events/email-alerts">Get Email Alerts</a></p><p>Receive automatic alerts about NHLBI related news and highlights from across the Institute.</p></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-section-background-dark-blue layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="footer-bottom-menu" class="block block-menu navigation menu--footer-bottom"> <div class="visually-hidden" id="footer-bottom-menu" class="h2"> Footer Bottom </div> <div id="footer-bottom-container" class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <div class="footer-bottom-logo"> <a aria-label="home" href="/"> <img class="b-lazy" data-src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/NHLBI_HHS_Lockup_white.svg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" alt="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Home"/> </a> </div> <div class="footer-bottom-links"> <ul> <li> <a href="/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93979"> Contact Us</a> </li> <li> <a href="/siteindex" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83138">Site Index</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/working-at-nhlbi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80445">Jobs</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-bottom-social"> <ul id="footer-social"> <li><a id="facebooklink" href="https://www.facebook.com/NHLBI/"><img src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/ico-facebook-white.svg" alt="Facebook social media"></a></li> <li><a id="twitterlink" href="https://twitter.com/nih_nhlbi?lang=en"><img src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/x-twitter-logo.svg" alt="X social media"></a></li> <li><a id="youtubelink" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NHLBI"><img src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/ico-youtube-white.svg" alt="Youtube social media"></a></li> <li><a id="linkedinlink" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-heart-lung-and-blood-institute"><img src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/linkedin-brands.svg" alt="LinkedIn social media"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <form id="publication-checkout" action="https://catalog.nhlbi.nih.gov/checkout" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="orderId" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="payload" value=""> <input type="submit" value="Checkout"> </form> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/93751","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"embedButtons":{"media_embed":{"id":"media_embed","icon":"\/modules\/contrib\/entity_embed\/js\/ckeditor5_plugins\/drupalentity\/entity.svg"},"node":{"id":"node","icon":"\/modules\/contrib\/entity_embed\/js\/ckeditor5_plugins\/drupalentity\/entity.svg"}},"modulePath":"modules\/contrib\/entity_embed","ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJyVklFyAyEIhi_krkdyUMlKw0pGsNvt6WuaTSd96CR9Ufj5EFQgZxOou4fDmE9NqrmIZtgCflxEMYcT8XDVQzcJ2uNKfyILVmzALjJ87j6SzPAGHy4xqO6-SkaX2gjhsvi74U6jJmyosqJ_sOcN49XVOTaoWZ9zqavJ-pxjWoo9xxounaE9B7VAu7x46Df7v5NVmPIL7GuYFaqOYZduIXbijM1baYhJOCgmI_mJZ9Ik79h2L_Uad7VwpDEuEjEw9JrKIUWo4-enyJLOh7SwROBJbWeqyyEWBLYymVwo6aFRkvor81Z9sk1GzWk03PKdPRqcjIzxV1LX7U6FdMZMJs3fXKwD3wOuEbOrVMbY2ujp7HPrF-D5QXK6q-E67qPo3gk39d_rbY4fhVVy54MJ12goNMZvvNWxfwF7slS7","theme":"nhlbi","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/health":true},"data":{"nih_extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":false,"extExclude":".*.nih.gov","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extIconAlert":true,"extIconAlertTitle":"External Web Site Policy","extIconAlertText":"\u003Cp\u003EThis graphic notice (\u003Cimg alt=\u0022External Web Site Policy\u0022 height=\u002210\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/files\/images\/external-link.png\u0022 title=\u0022External Web Site Policy\u0022 width=\u002210\u0022 \/\u003E) means that you are leaving the NIH website.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThis external link provides additional information that is consistent with the intended purpose of this site.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ENIH cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal site.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ELinking to a non-federal site does not constitute an endorsement by NIH or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the site.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EYou will be subject to the destination site\u2019s privacy policy when you follow the link.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":""}},"viewsAjaxHistory":{"renderPageItem":0,"initialExposedInput":{"views_dom_id:ca190a7b6c383086c9457c76390c5acb531f77507a72334b49bee2ebc13064e5":null}},"views":{"ajax_path":"\/views\/ajax","ajaxViews":{"views_dom_id:ca190a7b6c383086c9457c76390c5acb531f77507a72334b49bee2ebc13064e5":{"view_name":"health_topics_a_z","view_display_id":"block_1","view_args":"","view_path":"\/node\/93751","view_base_path":null,"view_dom_id":"ca190a7b6c383086c9457c76390c5acb531f77507a72334b49bee2ebc13064e5","pager_element":0}}},"hearts":{"heartsJS":{"markers":[{"lat_value":"43.0389025","lon_value":"-87.9064736","count_value":"12","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Milwaukee, WI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.0293059","lon_value":"-78.4766781","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Charlottesville, VA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.2526647","lon_value":"-85.7584557","count_value":"8","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Louisville, KY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"31.549333","lon_value":"-97.1466695","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Waco-Temple-Bryan, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.4487364","lon_value":"-99.7331439","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Abilene-Sweetwater, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.6763545","lon_value":"-86.2519898","count_value":"6","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"South Bend-Elkhart, IN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.1539816","lon_value":"-95.992775","count_value":"121","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Tulsa, OK","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"46.7866719","lon_value":"-92.1004852","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Duluth, MN-Superior, WI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"34.4208305","lon_value":"-119.6981901","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-San Luis Obispo, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.9633599","lon_value":"-85.6680863","count_value":"9","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Grand Rapids-Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, MI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.1626638","lon_value":"-86.7816016","count_value":"45","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Nashville, TN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.7377981","lon_value":"-119.7871247","count_value":"19","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Fresno-Visalia, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.298603057861","lon_value":"-90.185050964355","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"9vxzezc3","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"30.3321838","lon_value":"-81.655651","count_value":"29","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Jacksonville, FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"30.4514677","lon_value":"-91.1871466","count_value":"17","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Baton Rouge, LA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"44.0581728","lon_value":"-121.3153096","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Bend, OR","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.4667034","lon_value":"-87.4139092","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Terre Haute, IN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.0456297","lon_value":"-85.3096801","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Chattanooga, TN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.357246398926","lon_value":"-74.667549133301","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dr4vsfuf","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"41.8239891","lon_value":"-71.4128343","count_value":"6","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Providence, RI-New Bedford, MA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.2806451","lon_value":"-80.3445341","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Clarksburg-Weston, WV","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"46.5891452","lon_value":"-112.0391057","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Helena, MT","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.9778795","lon_value":"-91.6656232","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Cedar Rapids-Waterloo-Iowa City \u0026 Dubuque, IA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.1164204","lon_value":"-88.2433829","count_value":"16","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Champaign \u0026 Springfield-Decatur, IL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.7764749","lon_value":"-79.9310512","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Charleston, SC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.0843859","lon_value":"-106.650422","count_value":"9","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Albuquerque-Santa Fe, NM","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.2459149","lon_value":"-75.8813075","count_value":"21","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Wilkes Barre-Scranton, PA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"29.7604267","lon_value":"-95.3698028","count_value":"42","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Houston, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.9715592","lon_value":"-87.5710898","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Evansville, IN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.984642028809","lon_value":"-77.094841003418","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dqcjv8vq","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"39.0473451","lon_value":"-95.6751576","count_value":"10","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Topeka, KS","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.4734978","lon_value":"-82.0105148","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Augusta, GA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"44.4758825","lon_value":"-73.212072","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Burlington, VT-Plattsburgh, NY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.4609764","lon_value":"-84.9877094","count_value":"18","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Columbus, GA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.2731911","lon_value":"-76.8867008","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, PA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"30.6953657","lon_value":"-88.0398912","count_value":"6","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Mobile, AL-Pensacola (Ft. Walton Beach), FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"43.0125274","lon_value":"-83.6874562","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Flint-Saginaw-Bay City, MI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"46.0038232","lon_value":"-112.5347775","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Butte-Bozeman, MT","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.2089572","lon_value":"-93.2922989","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Springfield, MO","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"34.0007104","lon_value":"-81.0348144","count_value":"12","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Columbia, SC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"47.5052849","lon_value":"-111.3007715","count_value":"12","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Great Falls, MT","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"45.232429504395","lon_value":"-88.007698059082","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"f013m66f","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"30.2240897","lon_value":"-92.0198427","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Lafayette, LA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.6356618","lon_value":"-96.6088805","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Sherman, TX-Ada, OK","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"29.6516344","lon_value":"-82.3248262","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Gainesville, FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"48.2329668","lon_value":"-101.2922906","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Minot-Bismarck-Dickinson(Williston), ND","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"29.4241219","lon_value":"-98.4936282","count_value":"20","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"San Antonio, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"44.7630567","lon_value":"-85.6206317","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Traverse City-Cadillac, MI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.7489954","lon_value":"-84.3879824","count_value":"82","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Atlanta, GA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.712757110596","lon_value":"-74.006309509277","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dr5regw3","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"41.0997803","lon_value":"-80.6495194","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Youngstown, OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.4406248","lon_value":"-79.9958864","count_value":"17","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Pittsburgh, PA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.907051086426","lon_value":"-77.037162780762","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dqcjqfz6","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"43.0481221","lon_value":"-76.1474244","count_value":"10","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Syracuse, NY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.813616","lon_value":"-96.7025955","count_value":"9","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Lincoln \u0026 Hastings-Kearney, NE","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"26.1906306","lon_value":"-97.6961026","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Harlingen-Weslaco-Brownsville-McAllen, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.0997265","lon_value":"-94.5785667","count_value":"57","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Kansas City, MO","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"61.2180556","lon_value":"-149.9002778","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Anchorage, AK","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.3859242","lon_value":"-94.3985475","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Ft. Smith-Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"27.5035613","lon_value":"-99.5075519","count_value":"20","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Laredo, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"47.6062095","lon_value":"-122.3320708","count_value":"58","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Seattle-Tacoma, WA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.0405837","lon_value":"-84.5037164","count_value":"40","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Lexington, KY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.877994537354","lon_value":"-87.630043029785","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dp3wjztv","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"46.8721284","lon_value":"-113.9940314","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Missoula, MT","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"29.9510658","lon_value":"-90.0715323","count_value":"16","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"New Orleans, LA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.3267407","lon_value":"-78.9219698","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Johnstown-Altoona, PA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.3134397","lon_value":"-82.3534727","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Tri-Cities, TN-VA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.5407246","lon_value":"-77.4360481","count_value":"45","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Richmond-Petersburg, VA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.3792233","lon_value":"-86.3077368","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Montgomery-Selma, AL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"29.423961639404","lon_value":"-98.493804931641","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"9v1zqsrp","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"37.0842271","lon_value":"-94.513281","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Joplin, MO-Pittsburg, KS","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"31.8456816","lon_value":"-102.3676431","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Odessa-Midland, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"21.3069444","lon_value":"-157.8583333","count_value":"13","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Honolulu, HI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.2711311","lon_value":"-89.0939952","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Rockford, IL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.8507689","lon_value":"-76.2858726","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Norfolk-Portsmouth-Newport News, VA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.6002378","lon_value":"-121.8946761","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Monterey-Salinas, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"34.7303688","lon_value":"-86.5861037","count_value":"16","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Huntsville-Decatur (Florence), AL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"28.8052674","lon_value":"-97.0035982","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Victoria, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"47.6587802","lon_value":"-117.4260465","count_value":"9","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Spokane, WA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"43.0730517","lon_value":"-89.4012302","count_value":"11","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Madison, WI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.6145169","lon_value":"-88.8139469","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Jackson, TN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"31.3112936","lon_value":"-92.4451371","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Alexandria, LA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.49932","lon_value":"-81.6943605","count_value":"28","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Cleveland-Akron (Canton), OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"44.5133188","lon_value":"-88.0132958","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Green Bay-Appleton, WI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.732535","lon_value":"-84.5555347","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Lansing, MI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.2565369","lon_value":"-95.9345034","count_value":"19","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Omaha, NE","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.612661","lon_value":"-77.3663538","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Greenville-New Bern-Washington, NC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.5815719","lon_value":"-121.4943996","count_value":"14","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Sacramento-Stockton-Modesto, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"43.6590993","lon_value":"-70.2568189","count_value":"6","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Portland-Auburn, ME","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.6871761","lon_value":"-97.330053","count_value":"34","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Wichita-Hutchinson, KS Plus","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.4956744","lon_value":"-88.4272627","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Columbus-Tupelo-West Point, MS","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"43.5473028","lon_value":"-96.728333","count_value":"8","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Sioux Falls (Mitchell), SD","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.6525793","lon_value":"-73.7562317","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"43.5427278","lon_value":"-111.8431068","count_value":"8","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Idaho Falls-Pocatello, ID","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.9071923","lon_value":"-77.0368707","count_value":"438","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Washington, DC (Hagerstown, MD)","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"43.8137751","lon_value":"-91.2519017","count_value":"8","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"La Crosse-Eau Claire, WI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.9517053","lon_value":"-92.3340724","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Columbia-Jefferson City, MO","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.9685219","lon_value":"-86.4808043","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Bowling Green, KY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.3600825","lon_value":"-71.0588801","count_value":"50","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Boston, MA (Manchester, NH)","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"22.096424102783","lon_value":"-159.52629089355","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"87yt9ys9","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"39.9611755","lon_value":"-82.9987942","count_value":"19","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Columbus, OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"44.0121221","lon_value":"-92.4801989","count_value":"8","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Rochester, MN-Mason City, IA-Austin, MN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.0833893","lon_value":"-88.6000478","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Paducah, KY-Cape Girardeau, MO-Harrisburg, IL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.8406946","lon_value":"-83.6324022","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Macon, GA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.4963416","lon_value":"-96.4049408","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Sioux City, IA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"44.977753","lon_value":"-93.2650108","count_value":"43","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.0726354","lon_value":"-79.7919754","count_value":"6","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Greensboro-High Point-Winston Salem, NC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.258567810059","lon_value":"-87.840843200684","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dp983huq","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"45.7832856","lon_value":"-108.5006904","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Billings, MT","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.7795897","lon_value":"-78.6381787","count_value":"59","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Raleigh-Durham (Fayetteville), NC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.5296329","lon_value":"-119.8138027","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Reno, NV","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"31.5785074","lon_value":"-84.155741","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Albany, GA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"30.4382559","lon_value":"-84.2807329","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Tallahassee, FL-Thomasville, GA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.7766642","lon_value":"-96.7969879","count_value":"127","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Dallas-Ft. Worth, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.1031182","lon_value":"-84.5120196","count_value":"15","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Cincinnati, OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.9137085","lon_value":"-98.4933873","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Wichita Falls, TX-Lawton, OK","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.8864468","lon_value":"-78.8783689","count_value":"18","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Buffalo, NY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.5093109","lon_value":"-92.1193012","count_value":"24","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Monroe, LA-El Dorado, AR","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.5185892","lon_value":"-86.8103567","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Birmingham (Anniston and Tuscaloosa), AL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.4483771","lon_value":"-112.0740373","count_value":"56","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Phoenix, AZ","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.7127753","lon_value":"-74.0059728","count_value":"134","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"New York, NY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.2903848","lon_value":"-76.6121893","count_value":"42","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Baltimore, MD","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"30.267153","lon_value":"-97.7430608","count_value":"15","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Austin, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.7284944","lon_value":"-121.8374777","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Chico-Redding, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"31.7618778","lon_value":"-106.4850217","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"El Paso, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.6936488","lon_value":"-89.5889864","count_value":"33","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Peoria-Bloomington, IL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.7658043","lon_value":"-72.6733723","count_value":"37","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Hartford \u0026 New Haven, CT","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.3512601","lon_value":"-95.3010624","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Tyler-Longview(Lufkin \u0026 Nacogdoches), TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.748970031738","lon_value":"-84.388046264648","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"djgzzxyd","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"38.4495688","lon_value":"-78.8689155","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Harrisonburg, VA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.5868353","lon_value":"-93.6249593","count_value":"22","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Des Moines-Ames, IA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.5778631","lon_value":"-101.8551665","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Lubbock, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"26.640628","lon_value":"-81.8723084","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Ft. Myers-Naples, FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.44722366333","lon_value":"-71.22745513916","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"drt37pmc","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"32.2987573","lon_value":"-90.1848103","count_value":"12","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Jackson, MS","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.8302961","lon_value":"-116.5452921","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Palm Springs, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.2219971","lon_value":"-101.8312969","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Amarillo, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.1292241","lon_value":"-80.085059","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Erie, PA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"44.0520691","lon_value":"-123.0867536","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Eugene, OR","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.1495343","lon_value":"-90.0489801","count_value":"12","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Memphis, TN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.7589478","lon_value":"-84.1916069","count_value":"9","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Dayton, OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.1699412","lon_value":"-115.1398296","count_value":"17","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Las Vegas, NV","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.742551","lon_value":"-84.1052256","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Lima, OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.7607793","lon_value":"-111.8910474","count_value":"36","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Salt Lake City, UT","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.0639616","lon_value":"-80.7209149","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Wheeling, WV-Steubenville, OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"46.8771863","lon_value":"-96.7898034","count_value":"11","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Fargo-Valley City, ND","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"27.8005828","lon_value":"-97.396381","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Corpus Christi, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"34.0522342","lon_value":"-118.2436849","count_value":"73","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Los Angeles, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"34.2103894","lon_value":"-77.8868117","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Wilmington, NC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.331352233887","lon_value":"-83.045997619629","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dpsby4py","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"43.100903","lon_value":"-75.232664","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Utica, NY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"27.950575","lon_value":"-82.4571776","count_value":"80","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Tampa-St. Petersburg (Sarasota), FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.6528052","lon_value":"-83.5378674","count_value":"8","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Toledo, OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"34.7464809","lon_value":"-92.2895948","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Little Rock-Pine Bluff, AR","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.079273","lon_value":"-85.1393513","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Ft. Wayne, IN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.2667418","lon_value":"-81.5615135","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Parkersburg, WV","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.7749295","lon_value":"-122.4194155","count_value":"41","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.768403","lon_value":"-86.158068","count_value":"40","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Indianapolis, IN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.331427","lon_value":"-83.0457538","count_value":"30","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Detroit, MI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"25.7616798","lon_value":"-80.1917902","count_value":"27","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.3498195","lon_value":"-81.6326234","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Charleston-Huntington, WV","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"30.080174","lon_value":"-94.1265562","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.3606736","lon_value":"-75.5993692","count_value":"19","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Salisbury, MD","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.9525839","lon_value":"-75.1652215","count_value":"80","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Philadelphia, PA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.0808989","lon_value":"-81.091203","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Savannah, GA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"45.5122308","lon_value":"-122.6587185","count_value":"37","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Portland, OR","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.5251516","lon_value":"-93.7501789","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Shreveport, LA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.2698395","lon_value":"-81.2223195","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Bluefield-Beckley-Oak Hill, WV","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"30.1588129","lon_value":"-85.6602058","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Panama City, FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"34.924850463867","lon_value":"-81.025199890137","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dnnqsjzk","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"35.9606384","lon_value":"-83.9207392","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Knoxville, TN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.4675602","lon_value":"-97.5164276","count_value":"21","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Oklahoma City, OK","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.8338816","lon_value":"-104.8213634","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Colorado Springs-Pueblo, CO","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"26.7153424","lon_value":"-80.0533746","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"West Palm Beach-Ft. Pierce, FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"28.5383355","lon_value":"-81.3792365","count_value":"25","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Orlando-Daytona Beach-Melbourne, FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"43.6150186","lon_value":"-116.2023137","count_value":"23","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Boise, ID","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.6270025","lon_value":"-90.1994042","count_value":"35","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"St. Louis, MO","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.2709704","lon_value":"-79.9414266","count_value":"10","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Roanoke-Lynchburg, VA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.715738","lon_value":"-117.1610838","count_value":"32","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"San Diego, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.2270869","lon_value":"-80.8431267","count_value":"23","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Charlotte, NC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.6890603","lon_value":"-78.8866943","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Myrtle Beach-Florence, SC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.4167022","lon_value":"-86.8752869","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Lafayette, IN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"46.6020711","lon_value":"-120.5058987","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Yakima-Pasco-Richland-Kennewick, WA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.7392358","lon_value":"-104.990251","count_value":"48","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Denver, CO","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.2226066","lon_value":"-110.9747108","count_value":"16","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Tucson (Sierra Vista), AZ","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.8781136","lon_value":"-87.6297982","count_value":"122","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Chicago, IL","type_value":"post"}]}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"d0e7baac0195ee5dd1debdecd2dfea85c05e8d25c70cecb1a64b4f0262b8c8e7"}}</script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.7.1"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.3.1"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.3.1"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.3.1"></script> <script src="/core/misc/debounce.js?v=10.3.1"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/dblazy.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.once.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.sanitizer.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.dom.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/blazy.base.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.dataset.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.viewport.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.xlazy.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.observer.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.loading.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/io/bio.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/io/bio.media.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/blazy.drupal.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/blazy.load.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/blazy.compat.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/tabbable/index.umd.min.js?v=6.2.0"></script> <script src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" async></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/addtoany/js/addtoany.js?v=10.3.1"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/entity_embed/js/entity_embed.set_dynamic_icons.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/ckeditor5/ckeditor5-dll/ckeditor5-dll.js?v=41.3.1"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/assets/uswds/dist/js/uswds-init.min.js?v=3.1.0"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/assets/uswds/dist/js/uswds.min.js?v=3.1.0"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/js-cookie/js.cookie.min.js?v=3.0.5"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/component_load_more.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/script.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/textsizer.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/jquery.simplemodal.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/jquery-migrate-3.0.0.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/jquery-ui.min.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/jQuery.print.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/ck_entity_embed.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/stacktable.min.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/smoothscroll.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/view_more_pager.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/banner_promotion.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/nhlbi_catalog_pubs.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/nhlbi-ourhearts-datepicker.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/alerts.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/languageSwitcher.js?v=15.2" defer="defer"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/tabbable_cards.js?v=15.2"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/nih_extlink/nih_extlink.js?v=10.3.1"></script> <script src="/core/misc/progress.js?v=10.3.1"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/loadjs/loadjs.min.js?v=4.3.0"></script> <script src="/core/misc/announce.js?v=10.3.1"></script> <script src="/core/misc/message.js?v=10.3.1"></script> <script src="/core/misc/ajax.js?v=10.3.1"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/io/bio.ajax.min.js?sncriq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/views_ajax_history/js/views_ajax_history.js?v=10.3.1"></script> <script src="/core/misc/jquery.form.js?v=4.3.0"></script> <script src="/core/modules/views/js/base.js?v=10.3.1"></script> <script src="/core/modules/views/js/ajax_view.js?v=10.3.1"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/better_exposed_filters/js/better_exposed_filters.js?v=6.x"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/better_exposed_filters/js/auto_submit.js?v=6.x"></script> <script async="" type="text/javascript" id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=HHS&sdor=nih.gov"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Health Topics | NHLBI, NIH