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<ul id="toc-Rise_to_prominence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congressman_and_constitutional_lawyer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congressman_and_constitutional_lawyer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Congressman and constitutional lawyer</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Congressman_and_constitutional_lawyer-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Congressman and constitutional lawyer subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Congressman_and_constitutional_lawyer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_stint_in_the_House,_1813–1817" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_stint_in_the_House,_1813–1817"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>First stint in the House, 1813–1817</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_stint_in_the_House,_1813–1817-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leading_lawyer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leading_lawyer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Leading lawyer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leading_lawyer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_stint_in_the_House,_1823–1827" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_stint_in_the_House,_1823–1827"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Second stint in the House, 1823–1827</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_stint_in_the_House,_1823–1827-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_period_in_the_Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_period_in_the_Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>First period in the Senate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-First_period_in_the_Senate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle First period in the Senate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-First_period_in_the_Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adams_administration,_1827–1829" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adams_administration,_1827–1829"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Adams administration, 1827–1829</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adams_administration,_1827–1829-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jackson_administration,_1829–1837" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jackson_administration,_1829–1837"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Jackson administration, 1829–1837</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jackson_administration,_1829–1837-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Second_Reply_to_Hayne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Reply_to_Hayne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Second Reply to Hayne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Reply_to_Hayne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bank_War_and_1832_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bank_War_and_1832_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Bank War and 1832 election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bank_War_and_1832_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nullification_Crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nullification_Crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Nullification Crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nullification_Crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise_of_the_Whig_Party_and_1836_candidacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_of_the_Whig_Party_and_1836_candidacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Rise of the Whig Party and 1836 candidacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_of_the_Whig_Party_and_1836_candidacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Van_Buren_administration,_1837–1841" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Van_Buren_administration,_1837–1841"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Van Buren administration, 1837–1841</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Van_Buren_administration,_1837–1841-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretary_of_State_in_the_Tyler_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretary_of_State_in_the_Tyler_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Secretary of State in the Tyler administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secretary_of_State_in_the_Tyler_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_period_in_the_Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_period_in_the_Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Second period in the Senate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Second_period_in_the_Senate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Second period in the Senate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Second_period_in_the_Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polk_administration,_1845–1849" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polk_administration,_1845–1849"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Polk administration, 1845–1849</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polk_administration,_1845–1849-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taylor_administration,_1849–1850" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taylor_administration,_1849–1850"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Taylor administration, 1849–1850</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taylor_administration,_1849–1850-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretary_of_State_in_the_Fillmore_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretary_of_State_in_the_Fillmore_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Secretary of State in the Fillmore administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Secretary_of_State_in_the_Fillmore_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Secretary of State in the Fillmore administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Secretary_of_State_in_the_Fillmore_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Compromise_of_1850" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compromise_of_1850"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Compromise of 1850</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compromise_of_1850-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opening_of_the_New_York_&_Erie_Rail_Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening_of_the_New_York_&_Erie_Rail_Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Opening of the New York & Erie Rail Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening_of_the_New_York_&_Erie_Rail_Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Foreign affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1852_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1852_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>1852 election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1852_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life,_family,_and_religious_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life,_family,_and_religious_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Personal life, family, and religious views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life,_family,_and_religious_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_evaluations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_evaluations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Historical evaluations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_evaluations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Memorials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>In media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Biographies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specialized_scholarly_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specialized_scholarly_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Specialized scholarly studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specialized_scholarly_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Daniel Webster</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="دانيال وبستر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دانيال وبستر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="دنیل وبستر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دنیل وبستر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Дэніэл Уэбстэр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэніэл Уэбстэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%BB_%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Ντάνιελ Γουέμπστερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντάνιελ Γουέμπστερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="دنیل وبستر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دنیل وبستر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%8B%88%EC%96%BC_%EC%9B%B9%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0" title="대니얼 웹스터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대니얼 웹스터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%A2%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Դենիել Ուեբստեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դենիել Ուեբստեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster_(politico_1782)" title="Daniel Webster (politico 1782) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Daniel Webster (politico 1782)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8" title="דניאל ובסטר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דניאל ובסטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="დენიელ ვებსტერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დენიელ ვებსტერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denjels_Vebsters" title="Denjels Vebsters – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Denjels Vebsters" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="دانيال وبستر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دانيال وبستر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%96%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="ダニエル・ウェブスター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダニエル・ウェブスター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Уэбстер, Даниел – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уэбстер, Даниел" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Daniel Webster" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Дәниел Вебстер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дәниел Вебстер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แดเนียล เว็บสเตอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แดเนียล เว็บสเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Данієль Вебстер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Данієль Вебстер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="ڈینیئل ویبسٹر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈینیئل ویبسٹر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%9F%8B%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="丹尼爾·韋伯斯特 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="丹尼爾·韋伯斯特" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="丹尼尔·韦伯斯特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="丹尼尔·韦伯斯特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American lawyer and statesman (1782–1852)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Daniel Webster, see <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Daniel Webster (disambiguation)">Daniel Webster (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Senator Webster" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Senator_Webster_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Senator Webster (disambiguation)">Senator Webster (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Daniel Webster</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Webster_Photograph_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Daniel_Webster_Photograph_edited.jpg/220px-Daniel_Webster_Photograph_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Daniel_Webster_Photograph_edited.jpg/330px-Daniel_Webster_Photograph_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Daniel_Webster_Photograph_edited.jpg/440px-Daniel_Webster_Photograph_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="754" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a> of Webster, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1847</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">14th and 19th<br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 23, 1850 – October 24, 1852</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Magill_Conrad" title="Charles Magill Conrad">Charles Magill Conrad</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 6, 1841 – May 8, 1843</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Forsyth (Georgia)">John Forsyth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abel_P._Upshur" title="Abel P. Upshur">Abel P. Upshur</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Senate Finance Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 2, 1833 – December 5, 1836<sup id="cite_ref-fincommem_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fincommem-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Forsyth (Georgia)">John Forsyth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Silas_Wright" title="Silas Wright">Silas Wright</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1845 – July 22, 1850</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Rufus Choate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Robert Charles Winthrop</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 8, 1827 – February 22, 1841</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elijah_H._Mills" title="Elijah H. Mills">Elijah H. Mills</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Rufus Choate</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">House Judiciary Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1823–1827</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Nelson_(congressman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Nelson (congressman)">Hugh Nelson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_P._Barbour" title="Philip P. Barbour">Philip P. Barbour</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1823 – May 30, 1827</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Benjamin Gorham</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Benjamin Gorham</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts01 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 1st congressional district">Massachusetts's 1st district</a></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1817</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Sullivan_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="George Sullivan (New Hampshire politician)">George Sullivan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Livermore" title="Arthur Livermore">Arthur Livermore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="New HampshireAL !"><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="New Hampshire's at-large congressional district">New Hampshire's at-large district</a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1782-01-18</span>)</span>January 18, 1782<br /><a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_New_Hampshire" title="Salisbury, New Hampshire">Salisbury, New Hampshire</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 24, 1852<span style="display:none">(1852-10-24)</span> (aged 70)<br /><a href="/wiki/Marshfield,_Massachusetts" title="Marshfield, Massachusetts">Marshfield, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a> (before 1825)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican</a> (1825–1833)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grace_Fletcher_Webster" title="Grace Fletcher Webster">Grace Fletcher</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="May 24, 1808">1808</span>; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="January 21, 1828">1828</span>)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_LeRoy" title="Caroline LeRoy">Caroline LeRoy Webster</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="December 1829">1829</span>)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5, including <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Webster" title="Fletcher Webster">Fletcher</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Exeter_Academy" title="Phillips Exeter Academy">Phillips Exeter Academy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Webster_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daniel Webster's signature"><img alt="Cursive signature in ink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Daniel_Webster_Signature.svg/128px-Daniel_Webster_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Daniel_Webster_Signature.svg/192px-Daniel_Webster_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Daniel_Webster_Signature.svg/256px-Daniel_Webster_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="163" data-file-height="33" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Daniel_Webster.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Webster's heraldic achievement. For a full description including blazon, see the image description page." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Coat_of_Arms_of_Daniel_Webster.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Daniel_Webster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Coat_of_Arms_of_Daniel_Webster.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Daniel_Webster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Coat_of_Arms_of_Daniel_Webster.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Daniel_Webster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="383" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">Coat of arms</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Daniel Webster</b> (January 18, 1782 – October 24, 1852) was an American lawyer and statesman who represented <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> and served as the 14th and 19th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">U.S. secretary of state</a> under presidents <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a>. Webster was one of the most prominent American lawyers of the 19th century, arguing over 200 cases before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> in his career. During his life, Webster had been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican Party</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a>. He was among the three members of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Triumvirate" title="Great Triumvirate">Great Triumvirate</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a>. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_New_Hampshire" title="Salisbury, New Hampshire">Salisbury, New Hampshire</a>, in 1782, Webster established a successful legal practice in <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_New_Hampshire" title="Portsmouth, New Hampshire">Portsmouth, New Hampshire</a>, after graduating from <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> and serving a legal apprenticeship. A prominent opponent of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, he won election to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>, where he served as a leader of the Federalist Party. Webster left office after two terms and moved to <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, Massachusetts. He became a leading attorney before the U.S. Supreme Court, winning cases such as <i><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College_v._Woodward" title="Dartmouth College v. Woodward">Dartmouth College v. Woodward</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/McCulloch_v._Maryland" title="McCulloch v. Maryland">McCulloch v. Maryland</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Gibbons_v._Ogden" title="Gibbons v. Ogden">Gibbons v. Ogden</a></i>. </p><p>Webster returned to Congress in 1823 and became a key supporter of President <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a>. He won election to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> in 1827 and worked with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> to build the National Republican Party in support of Adams. After <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> defeated Adams in the <a href="/wiki/1828_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1828 U.S. presidential election">1828 U.S. presidential election</a>, Webster became a leading opponent of Jackson's domestic policies. He strongly objected to the theory of <a href="/wiki/Nullification_(U.S._Constitution)" title="Nullification (U.S. Constitution)">nullification</a> espoused by <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a>. His 1830 <i><a href="/wiki/Second_Reply_to_Hayne" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Reply to Hayne">Second Reply to Hayne</a></i> speech is widely regarded as one of the greatest speeches ever delivered in Congress. </p><p>Webster supported Jackson's defiant response to the <a href="/wiki/Nullification_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nullification Crisis">Nullification Crisis</a> but broke with the president due to disagreements over the <a href="/wiki/Second_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="Second Bank of the United States">Second Bank of the United States</a>. Webster joined with other Jackson opponents in forming the Whig Party, and unsuccessfully ran in the <a href="/wiki/1836_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1836 U.S. presidential election">1836 U.S. presidential election</a>. He supported Harrison in the <a href="/wiki/1840_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1840 U.S. presidential election">1840 U.S. presidential election</a> and was appointed secretary of state after Harrison took office. Unlike the other members of Harrison's Cabinet, he continued to serve under President Tyler after Tyler broke with congressional Whigs. As secretary of state, Webster negotiated the <a href="/wiki/Webster%E2%80%93Ashburton_Treaty" title="Webster–Ashburton Treaty">Webster–Ashburton Treaty</a>, which settled border disputes with <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a>. In 1837, Webster was elected as a member to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Webster returned to the Senate in 1845 and resumed his status as a leading congressional Whig. During the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a>, he emerged as a leader of the "Cotton Whigs", a faction of Northern Whigs that emphasized good relations with the South over anti-<a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a> policies. In 1850, President Fillmore appointed Webster as secretary of state, and Webster contributed to the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a>, which settled several territorial issues and enacted a new <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slave_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugitive slave law">fugitive slave law</a>. The Compromise proved unpopular in much of the North and undermined Webster's standing in his home state. Webster sought the Whig presidential nomination in the <a href="/wiki/1852_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1852 U.S. presidential election">1852 U.S. presidential election</a>, but a split between supporters of Fillmore and Webster led to the nomination of Major General <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a>. Webster is widely regarded as an important and talented attorney, orator, and politician, but historians and observers have offered mixed opinions on his moral qualities and ability as a national leader. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Daniel Webster was born on January 18, 1782, in <a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_New_Hampshire" title="Salisbury, New Hampshire">Salisbury, New Hampshire</a>, at a location within the present-day city of <a href="/wiki/Franklin,_New_Hampshire" title="Franklin, New Hampshire">Franklin</a>. He was the son of Abigail (née Eastman) and <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Webster" title="Ebenezer Webster">Ebenezer Webster</a>, a farmer and local official who served in the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. Ebenezer's ancestor, the <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a>-born Thomas Webster, had migrated to North America around 1636. Ebenezer had three children from a previous marriage who survived to maturity, as well as five children from his marriage to Abigail; Webster was the second-youngest of the eight siblings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199729–33_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199729–33-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was particularly close to his older brother, Ezekiel, who was born in 1780.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199747–48_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199747–48-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a youth, he helped work the family farm but was frequently in poor health. With the encouragement of his parents and tutors, he often read works by authors such as <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Watts" title="Isaac Watts">Isaac Watts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199735–37_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199735–37-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Danielwebsterbirthplace.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Danielwebsterbirthplace.JPG/220px-Danielwebsterbirthplace.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Danielwebsterbirthplace.JPG/330px-Danielwebsterbirthplace.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Danielwebsterbirthplace.JPG/440px-Danielwebsterbirthplace.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_historical_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire historical marker">New Hampshire historical marker</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Hampshire_historical_markers_(76%E2%80%93100)#91" title="List of New Hampshire historical markers (76–100)">number 91</a>) at his birthplace in present-day <a href="/wiki/Franklin,_New_Hampshire" title="Franklin, New Hampshire">Franklin, New Hampshire</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1796, he attended <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Exeter_Academy" title="Phillips Exeter Academy">Phillips Exeter Academy</a>, a preparatory school in <a href="/wiki/Exeter,_New_Hampshire" title="Exeter, New Hampshire">Exeter, New Hampshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199738–40_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199738–40-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exeter's Daniel Webster Debate Society, founded in 1818, is generally regarded as the oldest secondary school debate society in the nation. After studying the <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classics</a> and other subjects for several months under a clergyman, Webster was admitted to <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> in 1797.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199741–42_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199741–42-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his time at Dartmouth, he managed the school newspaper and emerged as a strong public speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199749–53_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199749–53-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was chosen as the Fourth of July orator in the college town of <a href="/wiki/Hanover,_New_Hampshire" title="Hanover, New Hampshire">Hanover</a> in 1800, and his speech contained the substance of the political principles which he would later become famous for developing.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like his father, and like many other <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> farmers, Webster was firmly devoted to the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> and favored a strong central government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199753–54_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199753–54-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from Dartmouth in 1801 and was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a> honor society.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199755–56_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199755–56-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After graduating from Dartmouth, he apprenticed under Salisbury lawyer <a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Thompson" title="Thomas W. Thompson">Thomas W. Thompson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199758–59_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199758–59-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though unenthusiastic about studying the law, he believed that becoming a lawyer would allow him to "live comfortably" and avoid the bouts of poverty that had afflicted his father.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199758–59,_66–67_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199758–59,_66–67-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to help support his brother Ezekiel's study at Dartmouth, Webster temporarily resigned from the law office to work as a schoolteacher at <a href="/wiki/Fryeburg_Academy" title="Fryeburg Academy">Fryeburg Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199760–61_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199760–61-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1804, he obtained a position in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> under the prominent attorney <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gore" title="Christopher Gore">Christopher Gore</a>. Clerking for Gore—who was involved in international, national, and state politics—he learned about many legal and political subjects and met numerous New England politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge188312_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge188312-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew to love Boston, and, in 1805, was <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States" title="Admission to the bar in the United States">admitted to the bar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199773–77_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199773–77-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rise_to_prominence">Rise to prominence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rise to prominence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Origins of the War of 1812">Origins of the War of 1812</a></div> <p>Immediately after winning admission to the bar, Webster set up a legal practice in <a href="/wiki/Boscawen,_New_Hampshire" title="Boscawen, New Hampshire">Boscawen, New Hampshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199778–79_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199778–79-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became increasingly involved in politics and began to speak locally in support of Federalist causes and candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his father's death in 1806, he handed over his practice to his brother, Ezekiel, and opened a new practice in the larger town of <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_New_Hampshire" title="Portsmouth, New Hampshire">Portsmouth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199783–84_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199783–84-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the decade-long period he lived in Portsmouth, he handled over 1700 cases, becoming one of the most prominent attorneys in New Hampshire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199789–90_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199789–90-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with two other lawyers, he was appointed to revise the New Hampshire criminal code and devise regulations for state prisons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199797_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199797-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FRONT_ELEVATION_-_Daniel_Webster_House,_Hancock_Street,_Portsmouth,_Rockingham_County,_NH_HABS_NH,8-PORT,136-1.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/FRONT_ELEVATION_-_Daniel_Webster_House%2C_Hancock_Street%2C_Portsmouth%2C_Rockingham_County%2C_NH_HABS_NH%2C8-PORT%2C136-1.tif/lossy-page1-220px-FRONT_ELEVATION_-_Daniel_Webster_House%2C_Hancock_Street%2C_Portsmouth%2C_Rockingham_County%2C_NH_HABS_NH%2C8-PORT%2C136-1.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/FRONT_ELEVATION_-_Daniel_Webster_House%2C_Hancock_Street%2C_Portsmouth%2C_Rockingham_County%2C_NH_HABS_NH%2C8-PORT%2C136-1.tif/lossy-page1-330px-FRONT_ELEVATION_-_Daniel_Webster_House%2C_Hancock_Street%2C_Portsmouth%2C_Rockingham_County%2C_NH_HABS_NH%2C8-PORT%2C136-1.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/FRONT_ELEVATION_-_Daniel_Webster_House%2C_Hancock_Street%2C_Portsmouth%2C_Rockingham_County%2C_NH_HABS_NH%2C8-PORT%2C136-1.tif/lossy-page1-440px-FRONT_ELEVATION_-_Daniel_Webster_House%2C_Hancock_Street%2C_Portsmouth%2C_Rockingham_County%2C_NH_HABS_NH%2C8-PORT%2C136-1.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3563" /></a><figcaption>Daniel Webster's home in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The home has since been restored and is now part of the <a href="/wiki/Strawbery_Banke" title="Strawbery Banke">Strawbery Banke</a> museum complex.</figcaption></figure> <p>During this time the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> began to more strongly affect Americans, as <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a> impeded U.S. trade with <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Impressment" title="Impressment">impressed</a> American sailors who were allegedly British deserters. President <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> retaliated with the <a href="/wiki/Embargo_Act_of_1807" title="Embargo Act of 1807">Embargo Act of 1807</a>, stopping all trade to both Britain and France. As New England relied on commerce with the two nations, the region strongly suffered from the embargo, and Webster wrote an anonymous pamphlet attacking Jefferson's policies.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also campaigned for various Federalist candidates, including presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles Cotesworth Pinckney</a> and gubernatorial candidate <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Smith_(lawyer)" title="Jeremiah Smith (lawyer)">Jeremiah Smith</a>. Although Jefferson's <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a> dominated national elections, the Federalist Party was competitive throughout the states of New England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199795–96_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199795–96-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1812, the United States declared war against Britain, beginning the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. On July 4, 1812, Webster was invited to give a speech before the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Benevolent_Societies" title="Washington Benevolent Societies">Washington Benevolent Society</a>. His speech, which strongly attacked the war but warned against <a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">secession</a>, was reprinted in newspapers throughout New England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199796–99_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199796–99-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the speech, he was selected as a delegate to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockingham_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rockingham Convention (page does not exist)">Rockingham Convention</a>, a local assembly that issued a report critical of Jefferson's Democratic-Republican successor, <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Discovering_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Discovering-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rockingham Memorial, which was largely written by Webster, challenged Madison's reasons for going to war, arguing that France had been just as culpable in impeding American trade as Britain had and raising the specter of secession. The Rockingham Memorial gained nationwide notoriety as a document exemplifying New England's opposition to the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997100–101_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997100–101-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the convention, the state Federalist Party nominated him as a candidate for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>. Though Madison won re-election in the <a href="/wiki/1812_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1812 U.S. presidential election">1812 U.S. presidential election</a>, the Federalist-backed presidential candidate won New England, and Federalists swept the New Hampshire elections for the House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997101–102_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997101–102-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Congressman_and_constitutional_lawyer">Congressman and constitutional lawyer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Congressman and constitutional lawyer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_stint_in_the_House,_1813–1817"><span id="First_stint_in_the_House.2C_1813.E2.80.931817"></span>First stint in the House, 1813–1817</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First stint in the House, 1813–1817"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Madison" title="Presidency of James Madison">Presidency of James Madison</a></div> <p>By May 1813, when he arrived in the House of Representatives for the first time, the United States had seen numerous setbacks in the War of 1812. Nonetheless, Madison's Democratic-Republican Party dominated the <a href="/wiki/13th_United_States_Congress" title="13th United States Congress">Thirteenth Congress</a>, controlling over three-fifths of the seats in the House of Representatives and over two-thirds of the seats in the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997103–105_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997103–105-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster continued to criticize the war and attacked efforts to impose <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">conscription</a>, wartime taxes, and a new trade embargo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997107–109,_112–113_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997107–109,_112–113-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed to a steering committee that coordinated Federalist actions in the House of Representatives and, by the end of the Thirteenth Congress, he had emerged as a respected speaker on the House floor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997109,_120–122_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997109,_120–122-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1815, the war came to an end after news of the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ghent" title="Treaty of Ghent">Treaty of Ghent</a> reached the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997131–132_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997131–132-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war, President Madison called for the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="Second Bank of the United States">Second Bank of the United States</a> (known as the "<a href="/wiki/History_of_central_banking_in_the_United_States" title="History of central banking in the United States">national bank</a>"), the imposition of a <a href="/wiki/Protective_tariff" title="Protective tariff">protective tariff</a>, and federally-financed <a href="/wiki/Internal_improvements" title="Internal improvements">public works</a>. While Speaker of the House <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> and Congressman <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> worked to pass Madison's proposals, other Democratic-Republicans opposed these policies because they conflicted with the party's traditional commitment to a weaker federal government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997135–136,_141_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997135–136,_141-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster favored a national bank in principle, but he voted against the bill that established the national bank because he believed that the bank should be required to remove paper <a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">banknotes</a> issued by various state-charted banks from circulation. Before the national bank came into operation, he then led the passage of a bill that required all debts to the government to be paid in <a href="/wiki/Coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Coins">specie</a>, Treasury notes, or notes issued by the national bank.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997136–137_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997136–137-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the tariff debate, he occupied a middle ground; he favored using tariff rates to protect domestic manufacturing, but did not want tariff rates to be so high that they would harm his home state's trading concerns. Though he took an active role in crafting the tariff bill, he ultimately missed the final vote on the <a href="/wiki/Tariff_of_1816" title="Tariff of 1816">Tariff of 1816</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997137–140_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997137–140-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeking more lucrative legal work, he began to strongly consider relocating to Boston or New York during his time in Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997131_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997131-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1816, he declined to seek another term in the House of Representatives, instead establishing a new residence in Boston. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States_elections,_1816" class="mw-redirect" title="United States elections, 1816">1816 elections</a>, the Federalist Party suffered numerous defeats throughout the country and Democratic-Republican candidate <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> was elected president.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997141–145_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997141–145-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leading_lawyer">Leading lawyer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Leading lawyer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Court" title="Marshall Court">Marshall Court</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="; background:#b0c4de; width:35em; max-width: 40%"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"This, sir, is my case. It is the case not merely of that humble institution, it is the case of every college in our land... Sir, you may destroy this little institution; it is weak; it is in your hands! I know it is one of the lesser lights in the literary horizon of our country. You may put it out. But if you do so you must carry through your work! You must extinguish, one after another, all those greater lights of science which for more than a century have thrown their radiance over our land. <i>It is, sir, as I have said, a small college. And yet there are those who love it!</i>" </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><b>Daniel Webster</b> (<i>Dartmouth College v. Woodward</i>)</cite></p> </div> <p>Webster continued to practice law while serving in the House of Representatives, and he argued his first case before the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> in early 1814.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997115–117_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997115–117-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had been highly regarded in New Hampshire since his days in Boscawen and was respected for his service in the House of Representatives, but he came to national prominence as counsel in a number of important Supreme Court cases.<sup id="cite_ref-American_Eras_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-American_Eras-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1814 and 1852, he argued at least one case in the vast majority of the sessions of the Supreme Court; he served as counsel in a total of 223 cases, and won approximately half of those cases.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997119_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997119-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also represented numerous clients outside of Supreme Court cases, including prominent individuals such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Crowninshield_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Crowninshield Jr. (page does not exist)">George Crowninshield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Cabot_Lowell" title="Francis Cabot Lowell">Francis Cabot Lowell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor" title="John Jacob Astor">John Jacob Astor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997145–146_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997145–146-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though Congress was dominated by Democratic-Republicans, Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a> ensured that the Federalist ideology retained a presence in the courts. Webster quickly became skilled at articulating arguments designed to appeal to Marshall and another influential Supreme Court justice, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Joseph Story</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997116–118_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997116–118-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He played an important role in eight of the most celebrated constitutional cases decided by the Court between 1814 and 1824. In many of these—particularly in <i><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College_v._Woodward" title="Dartmouth College v. Woodward">Dartmouth College v. Woodward</a></i> (1819) and <i><a href="/wiki/Gibbons_v._Ogden" title="Gibbons v. Ogden">Gibbons v. Ogden</a></i> (1824)—the Supreme Court handed down decisions based largely on his arguments. Marshall's most famous declaration, "the power to tax is the power to destroy," in <i><a href="/wiki/McCulloch_v._Maryland" title="McCulloch v. Maryland">McCulloch v. Maryland</a></i> (1819), was taken from Webster's presentation against the state of Maryland. As a result of his series of successes in Supreme Court cases, many people began calling him the "Great Expounder and Defender of the Constitution."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997162,_208_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997162,_208-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would continue to argue cases before the Supreme Court after Marshall's death in 1835, but he generally found the <a href="/wiki/Taney_Court" title="Taney Court">Taney Court</a> to be less receptive to his arguments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997443–444_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997443–444-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i>Dartmouth College v. Woodward</i>, Webster was retained by the Federalist trustees of his alma mater, Dartmouth College, in their case against the newly elected New Hampshire Democratic-Republican <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_General_Court" title="New Hampshire General Court">state legislature</a>. The legislature had passed new laws converting Dartmouth into a state institution, by changing the size of the college's trustee body and adding a further board of overseers, which they put into the hands of the state senate.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He argued that the Constitution's <a href="/wiki/Contract_Clause" title="Contract Clause">Contract Clause</a> prohibited the legislature from altering the college's board of trustees. The Marshall Court, continuing with its history of limiting <a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">states' rights</a> and reaffirming the supremacy of the constitutional protection of contract, ruled in favor of Dartmouth. The ruling set the important precedent that <a href="/wiki/Corporations_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporations law">corporations</a> did not, as many then held, have to justify their privileges by acting in the public interest, but were independent of the states.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Webster_1824_Signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Daniel_Webster_1824_Signature.jpg/220px-Daniel_Webster_1824_Signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Daniel_Webster_1824_Signature.jpg/330px-Daniel_Webster_1824_Signature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Daniel_Webster_1824_Signature.jpg/440px-Daniel_Webster_1824_Signature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>Daniel Webster represented the Second Bank of the United States both in the Congress and before the US Supreme Court as well serving as Director of its Boston branch on which he made out this $3,001.01 draft on July 24, 1824.</figcaption></figure> <p>He remained politically active during his time out of Congress, serving as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">presidential elector</a>, meeting with officials like Secretary of War John C. Calhoun, and delivering a well-received speech that attacked high tariffs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997170–171_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997170–171-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the Federalists fading away as a national party, the period of Monroe's presidency came to be known as the "<a href="/wiki/Era_of_Good_Feelings" title="Era of Good Feelings">Era of Good Feelings</a>" due to the lack of partisan conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997141–145_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997141–145-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Federalists failed to field a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/1820_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1820 U.S. presidential election">1820 U.S. presidential election</a>, Webster, acting in his capacity as a presidential elector, cast his vote for Monroe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997170–171_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997170–171-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was then elected as a delegate to the 1820 <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_meeting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political meeting)">Constitutional Convention</a>. There he spoke in opposition to suffrage for all regardless of property ownership, arguing that power naturally follows property, and the vote should be limited accordingly; but the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Constitution">constitution</a> was amended against his advice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger194512–15_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlesinger194512–15-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also supported the (existing) districting of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Senate" title="Massachusetts Senate">state senate</a> so that each seat represented an equal amount of property.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge1883113_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge1883113-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His performance at the convention furthered his reputation. In a letter to a mutual friend, Joseph Story wrote, "our friend Webster has gained a noble reputation. He was before known as a lawyer; but he has now secured the title of an eminent and enlightened statesman."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge188338_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge188338-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1820, he delivered an enthusiastically received address commemorating the bicentennial of the landing of the <i><a href="/wiki/Mayflower" title="Mayflower">Mayflower</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Rock" title="Plymouth Rock">Plymouth Rock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997178–185_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997178–185-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Webster_(1825)_by_Sarah_Goodridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Daniel_Webster_%281825%29_by_Sarah_Goodridge.jpg/220px-Daniel_Webster_%281825%29_by_Sarah_Goodridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Daniel_Webster_%281825%29_by_Sarah_Goodridge.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption>1825 portrait of Daniel Webster, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Goodridge" title="Sarah Goodridge">Sarah Goodridge</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_stint_in_the_House,_1823–1827"><span id="Second_stint_in_the_House.2C_1823.E2.80.931827"></span>Second stint in the House, 1823–1827</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second stint in the House, 1823–1827"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Monroe" title="Presidency of James Monroe">Presidency of James Monroe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Quincy_Adams" title="Presidency of John Quincy Adams">Presidency of John Quincy Adams</a></div><p>At the behest of Federalist leaders and the business elite in Boston, Webster agreed to run for the United States House of Representatives in 1822. He won the election and returned to Congress in December 1823.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997198–200_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997198–200-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recognition of his mastery of legal issues, Speaker of the House Henry Clay assigned him the chairmanship of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">House Judiciary Committee</a>. In that role, he tried to pass a bill that would relieve Supreme Court justices of having to travel to far-flung western districts, but his bill did not receive a vote in the House.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997213–214_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997213–214-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeking to re-establish his reputation for oratorical prowess on the floor of the House of Representatives, he gave a speech supporting the <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> cause in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997210–211,_215–217_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997210–211,_215–217-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another speech, he attacked the bill imposing the <a href="/wiki/Tariff_of_1824" title="Tariff of 1824">Tariff of 1824</a>, arguing that high tariff rates unfairly benefited manufacturing to the detriment of agriculture and commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997221–224_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997221–224-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a third speech, he defended the construction of internal improvements by the federal government, arguing that roads helped unite the nation both economically and in creating a "feeling truly national."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997243–244_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997243–244-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While a representative, he continued accepting speaking engagements in New England, most notably his oration on the fiftieth anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">Battle of Bunker Hill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997247–251_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997247–251-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also continued his legal work, though his government service required him to rely more on his law partners.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997254_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997254-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1824_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1824 U.S. presidential election">1824 U.S. presidential election</a>, the Democratic-Republicans split among Clay, Calhoun, <a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">William H. Crawford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997211–212_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997211–212-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite their shared connection to Massachusetts, Webster had an uneasy relationship with Adams because the latter had left the Federalist Party earlier in his career;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997197_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997197-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for his part, Adams detested him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997226_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997226-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, the 1824 election was decided in a <a href="/wiki/Contingent_election" title="Contingent election">contingent election</a> held by the House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster had remained neutral prior to the election, but he supported Adams in the contingent election, in large part because he viewed Jackson as completely unqualified to be president and Crawford had suffered a major stroke.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997230–231,_237_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997230–231,_237-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with Clay, he helped rally members of the House around Adams, and Adams was elected on the first ballot of the contingent election.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997238–241_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997238–241-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1825, President Adams set off a partisan realignment by putting forward an ambitious domestic program, based on Clay's <a href="/wiki/American_System_(economic_plan)" title="American System (economic plan)">American System</a>, that included a vast network of federally-funded infrastructure projects. States' rights Democratic-Republicans, including Senator <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> and Vice President John C. Calhoun, strongly opposed the program and rallied around Jackson. While some Federalists gravitated to Jackson's camp, Webster became the leader of the pro-administration forces in the House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997255–261_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997255–261-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporters of Adams became known as <a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republicans</a>, while Jackson's followers coalesced into the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>. Like many Federalists, he did not immediately cast aside his partisan identity as a Federalist but embraced the American System and began to favor protective tariff rates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997269–272_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997269–272-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Justus_D._Doenecke" class="mw-redirect" title="Justus D. Doenecke">Justus D. Doenecke</a> indicates that his newfound support of protective tariffs was the result of "his new closeness to the rising mill-owning families of the region, the <a href="/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">Lawrences</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lowell_family" title="Lowell family">Lowells</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Discovering_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Discovering-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also backed the administration's defense of treaty-sanctioned <a href="/wiki/Creek_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Creek people">Creek Indian</a> land rights against <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>'s expansionist claims.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge188349_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge188349-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_period_in_the_Senate">First period in the Senate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First period in the Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Webster%27s_Reply_to_Hayne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Webster%27s_Reply_to_Hayne.jpg/260px-Webster%27s_Reply_to_Hayne.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Webster%27s_Reply_to_Hayne.jpg/390px-Webster%27s_Reply_to_Hayne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Webster%27s_Reply_to_Hayne.jpg/520px-Webster%27s_Reply_to_Hayne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>Portion of painting, <i>Webster's Reply to Hayne</i> by George P.A. Healy</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adams_administration,_1827–1829"><span id="Adams_administration.2C_1827.E2.80.931829"></span>Adams administration, 1827–1829</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Adams administration, 1827–1829"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Quincy_Adams" title="Presidency of John Quincy Adams">Presidency of John Quincy Adams</a></div> <p>In 1827, the Massachusetts legislature elected him to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. He was initially reluctant to leave the House of Representatives, where he had established seniority and a strong base of power, but ultimately accepted election to the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997277–281_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997277–281-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a period of consideration, he voted for the <a href="/wiki/Tariff_of_1828" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariff of 1828">Tariff of 1828</a>, which raised tariff rates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997295–299_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997295–299-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the <a href="/wiki/1828_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1828 U.S. presidential election">1828 U.S. presidential election</a>, he worked with Clay to build the National Republican Party across the country. While Clay rallied support for the party in the West, he emerged as a leading National Republican in the Northeastern states.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997273–277_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997273–277-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite his efforts and those of Clay, Democratic candidate Andrew Jackson decisively defeated President Adams in the 1828 election.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997301–302_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997301–302-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jackson_administration,_1829–1837"><span id="Jackson_administration.2C_1829.E2.80.931837"></span>Jackson administration, 1829–1837</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Jackson administration, 1829–1837"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">Presidency of Andrew Jackson</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_Reply_to_Hayne">Second Reply to Hayne</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Second Reply to Hayne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="; background:#b0c4de; width:35em; max-width: 40%"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the sun in heaven, may I not see him shining on the broken and dishonored fragments of a once glorious Union; on States dissevered, discordant, belligerent; on a land rent with civil feuds, or drenched, it may be, in fraternal blood! Let their last feeble and lingering glance rather behold the gorgeous ensign of the republic... not a stripe erased or polluted, nor a single star obscured, bearing for its motto, no such miserable interrogatory as "What is all this worth?" nor those other words of delusion and folly, "Liberty first and Union afterwards"; but everywhere, spread all over in characters of living light, blazing on all its ample folds, as they float over the sea and over the land, and in every wind under the whole heavens, that other sentiment, dear to every true American heart,— Liberty <i>and</i> Union, now and for ever, one and inseparable! </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><b>Daniel Webster</b> (<i><a href="/wiki/Webster%E2%80%93Hayne_debate" title="Webster–Hayne debate">Second Reply to Hayne</a></i>)</cite></p> </div> <p>After Jackson took office, Webster opposed most of the measures favored by the new administration, including the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act" title="Indian Removal Act">Indian Removal Act</a> and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Spoils_system" title="Spoils system">spoils system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997313–315,_334_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997313–315,_334-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jackson administration suffered from factionalism between supporters of Secretary of State Van Buren and Vice President Calhoun, the latter of whom took a prominent role in propounding the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Nullification_(U.S._Constitution)" title="Nullification (U.S. Constitution)">nullification</a>. Calhoun held that the states had the power to "nullify" laws, and he and his allies sought to nullify the high tariff rates imposed by the Tariff of 1828 (which they referred to as the "Tariff of Abominations").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997313–314_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997313–314-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a debate over land policy in January 1830, South Carolina Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_Y._Hayne" title="Robert Y. Hayne">Robert Y. Hayne</a>, in an effort to sway the West against the North and the tariff, accused the North of attempting to limit Western expansion for their own benefit. Hayne served as a surrogate for Vice President Calhoun, who could not himself address the Senate on the issue due to his status as the Senate's <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate" title="President of the Senate">presiding officer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Webster objected to the sectional attack on the North, but even more strongly objected to Hayne's pro-states' rights position. Speaking before the Senate, he articulated his belief in a "perpetual" union and attacked the institution of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a>, baiting Hayne into expounding on the doctrine of nullification on the Senate floor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997318–320_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997318–320-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Replying to his first speech, Hayne accused him of "making war upon the unoffending South," and he asserted that nullification was constitutional because the federal government was ultimately subservient to the states.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997321–324_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997321–324-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 27, Webster delivered his response, titled the <i><a href="/wiki/Webster%E2%80%93Hayne_debate" title="Webster–Hayne debate">Second Reply to Hayne</a></i>. He held that the people, and not the states, held ultimate power, and the people had established the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. He further argued that the doctrine of nullification "approach[ed] absurdity," and, by denying power to the federal government, would effectively restore the balance of power established under the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>. He argued that nullification constituted <a href="/wiki/Treason_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Treason in the United States">treason</a> against the United States, and would ultimately lead to civil war as state officials would call out the militia to resist federal laws and actions. He ended his speech with a call for "Liberty <i>and</i> Union, now and for ever, one and inseparable!"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997325–328_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997325–328-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Second Reply to Hayne</i> was reprinted thousands of times, and was favorably received throughout the country. In assessing the speech's impact and popularity, some contemporaries compared it to the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Papers" class="mw-redirect" title="Federalist Papers">Federalist Papers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997329–330_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997329–330-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three months after he delivered the <i>Second Reply to Hayne</i>, Calhoun openly broke with President Jackson when, in response to Jackson's <a href="/wiki/Toast_(honor)" title="Toast (honor)">toast</a> of "Our Union, it be preserved," Calhoun replied, "The Union: Next to our liberty, the most dear."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997335_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997335-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bank_War_and_1832_election">Bank War and 1832 election</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bank War and 1832 election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1830, he considered Clay to be the likely National Republican nominee in the <a href="/wiki/1832_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1832 U.S. presidential election">1832 U.S. presidential election</a>, though he was skeptical that Clay would be able to defeat the Democratic nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997336–337,_341_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997336–337,_341-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">third party</a> opposed to both Jackson and Clay, added a new factor into the election. Some Anti-Masonic leaders attempted to recruit him to run for the presidency,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he ultimately declined to run for fear of alienating Clay and other National Republicans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997339–340_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997339–340-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, he undertook a subtle campaign to win the National Republican nomination, planning a tour of the Northeast and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Northwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Northwest">Northwest</a>; His angling for the presidency marked the start of an ambivalent relationship between Clay and Webster.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997341–342_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997341–342-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, he urged Clay to accept election to the Senate, and the two convinced <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Biddle_(banker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Biddle (banker)">Nicholas Biddle</a>, the president of the national bank, to apply for an early renewal of the national bank's charter. As Jackson had a long record of opposing the national bank, both hoped to make the national bank an issue in the 1832 presidential election. Clay was formally nominated by the National Republicans in December 1831, while Jackson was nominated for a second term in 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997344–345_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997344–345-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Biddle requested a renewal of the national bank's charter in January 1832, setting off what became known as the "<a href="/wiki/Bank_War" title="Bank War">Bank War</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997345,_356_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997345,_356-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Clay focusing on a tariff bill, Webster became the unofficial leader of pro-national bank forces in the Senate. He helped ensure that Congress approved a renewal of the charter without making any major modifications, such as a provision that would allow states to prevent the national bank from establishing branches within their borders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997360–363_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997360–363-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congress approved the charter renewal, but, as was expected, Jackson vetoed the bill in July 1832; Jackson argued the bank was unconstitutional and served to "make the rich richer and the potent more powerful." On the Senate floor, Webster attacked the veto, arguing that only the judicial branch could judge a bill's constitutionality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997363–368_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997363–368-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterward he supported Clay's presidential campaign and continued his efforts on behalf of the national bank, but Jackson was re-elected by a decisive margin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997370–371_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997370–371-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Dan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Black_Dan.jpg/240px-Black_Dan.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Black_Dan.jpg/360px-Black_Dan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Black_Dan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>1834 portrait of Daniel Webster by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Alexander_(painter)" title="Francis Alexander (painter)">Francis Alexander</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nullification_Crisis">Nullification Crisis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nullification Crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though Congress replaced the "Tariff of Abominations" with the <a href="/wiki/Tariff_of_1832" title="Tariff of 1832">Tariff of 1832</a>, Calhoun and his Nullifier allies remained dissatisfied with tariff rates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowe2007400–404_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowe2007400–404-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after the 1832 presidential election, a South Carolina convention passed a resolution declaring the Tariff of 1832 to be "null, void, and no law" in South Carolina, marking the start of the <a href="/wiki/Nullification_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nullification Crisis">Nullification Crisis</a>. Hayne resigned from the Senate to become the governor of South Carolina, while Calhoun took Hayne's former seat in the Senate. In December 1832, Jackson issued the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_to_the_People_of_South_Carolina" title="Proclamation to the People of South Carolina">Proclamation to the People of South Carolina</a>, warning that he would not allow South Carolina to defy federal law. Webster strongly approved of the Proclamation, telling an audience at <a href="/wiki/Faneuil_Hall" title="Faneuil Hall">Faneuil Hall</a> that Jackson had articulated "the true principles of the Constitution," and that he would give the president "my entire and cordial support" in the crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997372–374_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997372–374-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He strongly supported Jackson's proposed <a href="/wiki/Force_Bill" title="Force Bill">Force Bill</a>, which would authorize the president to use force against states that attempted to obstruct federal law. At the same time, he opposed Clay's efforts to end the crisis by lowering tariff rates, as he believed that making concessions to Calhoun's forces would set a bad precedent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997374–377_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997374–377-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a spirited debate between himself and Calhoun, Congress passed the Force Bill in February 1833. Soon after, it passed the <a href="/wiki/Tariff_of_1833" title="Tariff of 1833">Tariff of 1833</a>, the product of negotiations between Clay and Calhoun; the bill called for the gradual lowering of tariffs over a ten-year period. Although they symbolically "nullified" the Force Bill, South Carolina leaders accepted the new tariff law, bringing an end to the Nullification Crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997381–387_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997381–387-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rise_of_the_Whig_Party_and_1836_candidacy">Rise of the Whig Party and 1836 candidacy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Rise of the Whig Party and 1836 candidacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1836.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ElectoralCollege1836.svg/260px-ElectoralCollege1836.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ElectoralCollege1836.svg/390px-ElectoralCollege1836.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ElectoralCollege1836.svg/520px-ElectoralCollege1836.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>1836 electoral vote results</figcaption></figure> <p>As Calhoun drifted away from the Democratic Party and occasionally cooperated with the National Republicans to oppose Jackson, some contemporaries began to refer to Calhoun, Webster, and Clay as "the <a href="/wiki/Great_Triumvirate" title="Great Triumvirate">Great Triumvirate</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997359_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997359-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, Webster's alliance with Jackson in the Nullification Crisis caused some observers to wonder if he would join the Democratic Party or found a new party centered on their nationalistic vision.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997374,_387–388_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997374,_387–388-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson's decision to remove government deposits from the national bank in late 1833 ended any possibility of a Webster-Jackson alliance and helped to solidify partisan lines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECole1993202–203_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole1993202–203-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Senate Finance Committee</a>, Webster led the Senate's effort to prevent Jackson's secretary of the treasury, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Taney" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Taney">Roger Taney</a>, from removing government deposits.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997401,_408–409_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997401,_408–409-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the national bank's charter was due to expire in 1836, before the end of Jackson's term, he attempted to save the national bank through a compromise measure, but Democrats rejected his proposal. Ultimately, the Senate was unable to prevent the deposit removals or the expiration of the national bank's charter, but it did pass resolutions <a href="/wiki/Censure_in_the_United_States" title="Censure in the United States">censuring</a> Jackson and Taney. Webster's decision to vote for the censure resolution caused a permanent break with Jackson.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997410–412_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997410–412-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the aftermath of the battle over the national bank, Jackson's political opponents coalesced into the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a>. By taking a name rooted in American and British history, the Whigs implicitly criticized Jackson as a tyrannical executive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997413–415,_420_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997413–415,_420-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although National Republicans like Clay and Webster formed the core of the Whig Party, Anti-Masonic leaders like <a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a> and states' rights Democrats like <a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> also joined the new party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECole1993211–213_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole1993211–213-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Whig Party proved more durable than the National Republican Party and, along with the Democrats, the Whigs became one of the two major parties of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a>, which would extend into the 1850s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowe2007390_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowe2007390-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1834, Webster supporters such as <a href="/wiki/Caleb_Cushing" title="Caleb Cushing">Caleb Cushing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Rufus Choate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">Abbott Lawrence</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Edward Everett</a> had begun preparing for his candidacy in the <a href="/wiki/1836_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1836 U.S. presidential election">1836 U.S. presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997425–426_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997425–426-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Clay showing no indication of making another run, Webster hoped to become the main Whig candidate in the 1836 election, but General <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> and Senator <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">Hugh Lawson White</a> retained strong support in the West and the South, respectively. Rather than uniting behind one presidential candidate, Whig leaders settled on a strategy of running multiple candidates in order to force a contingent election in the House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997427–429_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997427–429-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was nominated for president by the Massachusetts legislature, but Harrison won the backing of most Whigs outside of the South. Although his reputation as a national figure was far greater than that of Harrison, many Whigs hoped that Harrison's military record would allow him to replicate Jackson's 1832 victory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997430–431,_439–440_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997430–431,_439–440-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster's chances also suffered from his lingering association with the Federalist Party, his close relationship with elite politicians and businessmen, and his lack of appeal among the broad populace; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Remini" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Remini">Robert Remini</a> writes that the American public "admired and revered him but did not love or trust him."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997450–451_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997450–451-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With little support outside of his home state, he attempted to withdraw his presidential candidacy, but, to his eventual regret, Massachusetts Whig leaders convinced him to stay in the race.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997444–448_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997444–448-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">1835 Democratic National Convention</a> nominated Van Buren, Jackson's preferred successor, for president. In the 1836 election, Van Buren won a majority of the popular and electoral vote, Harrison finished a distant second, and White carried two Southern states. Webster won only the electoral votes of Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997448–449_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997448–449-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adding to his displeasure, he lost a major Supreme Court decision, <i><a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Bridge_v._Warren_Bridge" title="Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge">Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge</a></i>, shortly after the election.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997459–461_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997459–461-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Van_Buren_administration,_1837–1841"><span id="Van_Buren_administration.2C_1837.E2.80.931841"></span>Van Buren administration, 1837–1841</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Van Buren administration, 1837–1841"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">Presidency of Martin Van Buren</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?93567-1/daniel-webster-man-time">Presentation by Robert Remini on <i>Daniel Webster: The Man and His Time</i>, October 5, 1997</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Shortly after Van Buren took office, a major economic downturn known as the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1837" title="Panic of 1837">Panic of 1837</a> began. Webster and his Whig allies blamed Jackson's policies, including the <a href="/wiki/Specie_Circular" title="Specie Circular">Specie Circular</a>, for the panic, but a worldwide economic downturn was a major contributing factor. The panic hit the country hard and proved disastrous for Webster's personal finances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997466–467_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997466–467-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the help of Nicholas Biddle and other friendly bankers, Webster had gone into debt to engage in <a href="/wiki/Land_speculation" class="mw-redirect" title="Land speculation">land speculation</a> on a broad scale.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997452–453_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997452–453-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His debt was exacerbated by his propensity for lavishly furnishing his estate and giving away money with "reckless generosity and heedless profusion," in addition to indulging the smaller-scale "passions and appetites" of gambling and alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge1883118_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge1883118-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The panic resulted in many creditors calling in their loans and, according to Remini, Webster would never emerge from debt after 1837.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997466_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997466-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, he remained focused on his political career.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997466–467_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997466–467-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Whigs promoted the American System as the means for economic recovery, Van Buren's response to the panic focused on the practice of "strict economy and frugality."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowe2007505–506_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowe2007505–506-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster attacked Van Buren's proposals to address the economic crisis, including the establishment of an <a href="/wiki/Independent_Treasury" title="Independent Treasury">Independent Treasury</a> system,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997470–472_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997470–472-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he helped arrange for the rescinding of the Specie Circular.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997478–479_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997478–479-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He entertained hopes of winning the Whig nomination in the <a href="/wiki/1840_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1840 U.S. presidential election">1840 U.S. presidential election</a> but ultimately declined to challenge Clay or Harrison, both of whom commanded broader support within the party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997483–484_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997483–484-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained neutral between Clay and Harrison, instead departing for a trip to Europe, where he attended his daughter's wedding and befriended <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Baring,_1st_Baron_Ashburton" title="Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton">Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997487–497_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997487–497-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While he was abroad, the <a href="/wiki/1839_Whig_National_Convention" title="1839 Whig National Convention">1839 Whig National Convention</a> nominated Harrison for president. Although many Whigs favored a Harrison-Webster ticket, the convention instead nominated John Tyler of Virginia for vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997501–502_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997501–502-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster served as a prominent campaign surrogate for Harrison in the 1840 election, although he disliked the party's new, popular style of campaigning that made use of songs and slogans like "Tippecanoe and Tyler too."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997505–507_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997505–507-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Whigs enjoyed great success in the 1840 elections, as Harrison took a majority of the popular and electoral vote and the party won control of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowe2007575_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowe2007575-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretary_of_State_in_the_Tyler_administration">Secretary of State in the Tyler administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Secretary of State in the Tyler administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Tyler" title="Presidency of John Tyler">Presidency of John Tyler</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MaineBoundaryDispute.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/MaineBoundaryDispute.jpg/220px-MaineBoundaryDispute.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/MaineBoundaryDispute.jpg/330px-MaineBoundaryDispute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/MaineBoundaryDispute.jpg/440px-MaineBoundaryDispute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>Through the <a href="/wiki/Webster%E2%80%93Ashburton_Treaty" title="Webster–Ashburton Treaty">Webster–Ashburton Treaty</a>, Webster helped bring an end to a boundary dispute in Maine</figcaption></figure> <p>Harrison extensively consulted Webster and Clay regarding presidential appointments, and the two Whig leaders competed to place their supporters and allies in key positions. Harrison initially hoped that Webster would serve as secretary of the treasury in order to spearhead his economic program, but Webster instead became <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">secretary of state</a>, giving him oversight of foreign affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997511–515_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997511–515-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just one month after taking office, Harrison died from <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>, and was succeeded by John Tyler. Though Tyler and Webster strongly differed regarding ideology (Tyler was a devotee of states' rights) and personality, they initially enjoyed a strong working relationship, partly because each saw Clay as a rival for power in the Whig Party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997521–524_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997521–524-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Tyler, a former Democrat, had long been skeptical of the need for a national bank, Webster urged Whig congressmen to back a compromise bill put forward by Secretary of the Treasury <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a> which would have re-established the national bank but restricted its branching power. Congress rejected the compromise and instead passed Clay's bill, which was subsequently vetoed by Tyler. After Tyler vetoed another Whig bill, every Cabinet member except for Webster resigned, and a caucus of Whigs voted to expel Tyler from the party in September 1841. When Webster informed Tyler that he would not resign, Tyler responded, "give me your hand on that, and now I will say to you that Henry Clay is a doomed man."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997524–531_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997524–531-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Facing a hostile Congress, Tyler and Webster turned their attention to foreign policy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989113,_145_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989113,_145-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The administration put a new emphasis on American influence in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, reaching the first U.S. treaty with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, seeking to partition <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a> with Britain, and announcing that the United States would oppose any attempt to colonize the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989135–143_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989135–143-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most pressing foreign policy issue involved <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="United Kingdom–United States relations">relations with Britain</a>, as the United States had nearly gone to war with Britain over the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_affair" title="Caroline affair">Caroline affair</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Aroostook_War" title="Aroostook War">border conflict</a> between Maine and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997518–519_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997518–519-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeking improved relations with the United States, British <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Robert Peel</a> dispatched Lord Ashburton on a special mission to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997542–543_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997542–543-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After extensive negotiations, the United States and Britain reached the <a href="/wiki/Webster%E2%80%93Ashburton_Treaty" title="Webster–Ashburton Treaty">Webster–Ashburton Treaty</a>, which clearly delineated Maine's northern border and other sections of the U.S.–Canada border that had been in dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989122–123,_128_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989122–123,_128-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senator <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Thomas Hart Benton</a> led Senate opposition to the treaty, arguing that it "needlessly and shamelessly" relinquished American territory, but few others joined Benton in voting against the treaty, and it won ratification.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989129–130_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989129–130-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After mid-1841, congressional Whigs continually pressured Webster to resign, and by early 1843, Tyler had also begun to pressure Webster to leave office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997551,_583_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997551,_583-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Tyler moved even farther away from Whig positions and began preparing a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination in the <a href="/wiki/1844_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1844 U.S. presidential election">1844 U.S. presidential election</a>, Webster left office in May 1843.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997583–584_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997583–584-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Webster gone, Tyler turned his attention to the <a href="/wiki/Texas_annexation" title="Texas annexation">Texas annexation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989186–187_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989186–187-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clay was nominated for president at the <a href="/wiki/1844_Whig_National_Convention" title="1844 Whig National Convention">1844 Whig National Convention</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989221–222_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989221–222-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Democrats spurned both Tyler and former president Van Buren in favor of <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a>, a protege of Andrew Jackson.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowe2007683–684_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowe2007683–684-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster's service in the Tyler administration had badly damaged his credibility among Whigs, but he began to rebuild old alliances within the party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997584–586_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997584–586-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tyler's attempts to annex Texas became the key issue in the 1844 election, and Webster came out strongly against annexation. He campaigned on behalf of Clay, telling one crowd, "I know of no great national constitutional question; I know of no great interest of the country ... in which there is any difference between the distinguished leader of the Whig Party and myself."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997591–596_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997591–596-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite Webster's campaigning, Polk defeated Clay in a close election.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989243–244_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989243–244-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The election of the expansionist Polk ensured the annexation of Texas, and annexation was completed after Polk took office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989255–258_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson1989255–258-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_period_in_the_Senate">Second period in the Senate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Second period in the Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polk_administration,_1845–1849"><span id="Polk_administration.2C_1845.E2.80.931849"></span>Polk administration, 1845–1849</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Polk administration, 1845–1849"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">Presidency of James K. Polk</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WebsterbyLamb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/WebsterbyLamb.jpg/170px-WebsterbyLamb.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/WebsterbyLamb.jpg/255px-WebsterbyLamb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/WebsterbyLamb.jpg/340px-WebsterbyLamb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="721" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Daniel Webster commissioned by the Senate in 1955</figcaption></figure> <p>Webster considered retiring from public office after the 1844 election, but he accepted election to the United States Senate in early 1845.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997599–602_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997599–602-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster sought to block the adoption of Polk's domestic policies, but Congress, controlled by Democrats, reduced tariff rates through the <a href="/wiki/Walker_tariff" title="Walker tariff">Walker tariff</a> and re-established the Independent Treasury system. In May 1846, the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> began after Congress, responding to a <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Affair" title="Thornton Affair">clash</a> instigated by U.S. troops against the Mexican Army at the disputed Texas–Mexico border, declared war on Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997618–623_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997618–623-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war, Northern Whigs became increasingly split between "Conscience Whigs" like <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a>, who strongly favored anti-slavery policies, and "Cotton Whigs" like Webster, who emphasized good relations with Southern leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997624–626_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997624–626-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster had been a long-standing opponent of slavery; in an 1837 speech he called slavery a "great moral, social, and political evil," and added that he would vote against "any thing that shall extend the slavery of the African race on this continent, or add other slaveholding states to the Union."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997464_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997464-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, unlike his more strongly anti-slavery constituents, he did not believe that Congress should interfere with slavery in the states, and he placed less emphasis on preventing the spread of slavery into the territories.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997664–665_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997664–665-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, because Webster opposed the acquisition of Mexican territory (with the exception of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>), he voted against the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a>, in which the United States acquired the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997646_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997646-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a>'s success in the Mexican–American War drove him to the front ranks of Whig candidates in the <a href="/wiki/1848_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1848 U.S. presidential election">1848 U.S. presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997631–632_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997631–632-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Taylor held unclear political positions and had never been publicly affiliated with the Whig Party, Clay and Webster each launched their own bids for the presidency, but opposition from the Conscience Whigs badly damaged Webster's standing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997637–639_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997637–639-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the first ballot of the <a href="/wiki/1848_Whig_National_Convention" title="1848 Whig National Convention">1848 Whig National Convention</a> Webster finished a distant fourth behind Taylor, Clay, and General <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a>. Taylor ultimately won the presidential nomination on the convention's fourth ballot, while <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> of New York was selected as the party's vice presidential nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997651–652_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997651–652-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Webster declined the request of Conscience Whigs to lead a new, anti-slavery third party, Conscience Whigs and "<a href="/wiki/Barnburners_and_Hunkers" title="Barnburners and Hunkers">Barnburner</a>" Democrats launched the <a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil Party</a> and nominated a ticket consisting of former president Van Buren and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Charles Francis Adams</a>. Despite having previously stated that he would not support Taylor in the 1848 presidential campaign, Webster threw his backing behind Taylor. Ultimately, Taylor won the election, defeating both Van Buren and Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997653–656_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997653–656-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taylor_administration,_1849–1850"><span id="Taylor_administration.2C_1849.E2.80.931850"></span>Taylor administration, 1849–1850</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Taylor administration, 1849–1850"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Zachary_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Zachary Taylor">Presidency of Zachary Taylor</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="; background:#b0c4de; width:35em; max-width: 40%"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>I shall stand by the Union...with absolute disregard of personal consequences. What are personal consequences...in comparison with the good or evil that may befall a great country in a crisis like this?...Let the consequences be what they will.... No man can suffer too much, and no man can fall too soon, if he suffer or if he fall in defense of the liberties and constitution of his country. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><b>Daniel Webster</b> (<i>July 17, 1850 address to the Senate</i>)</cite></p> </div> <p>Having only tepidly endorsed Taylor's campaign, Webster was excluded from the new administration's Cabinet and was not consulted on major appointments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997656–660_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997656–660-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 1848 election, the fate of the territories acquired in the Mexican-American War became a major subject of debate in Congress, as Northern and Southern leaders quarreled over the extension of slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997658–659_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997658–659-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1850, Clay introduced a plan which combined the major subjects under discussion. His legislative package included the admission of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> as a free state, the <a href="/wiki/State_cessions" title="State cessions">cession</a> by Texas of some of its northern and western territorial claims in return for debt relief, the establishment of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah</a> territories, a ban on the importation of slaves into the District of Columbia for sale, and a more stringent <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slave_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugitive slave law">fugitive slave law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988111–112_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988111–112-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan faced opposition from strongly pro-slavery Southern leaders like Calhoun<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988112–113,_117_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988112–113,_117-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and anti-slavery Northerners like <a href="/wiki/William_Seward" class="mw-redirect" title="William Seward">William Seward</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salmon_Chase" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmon Chase">Salmon Chase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988119–120_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988119–120-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Taylor also opposed Clay's proposal, since he favored granting California statehood immediately and denied the legitimacy of Texas's claims over New Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988136–142_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988136–142-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Seventh_of_March_Speech"></span>Clay had won Webster's backing for his proposal before presenting it to Congress, and Webster provided strong support for Clay's bill in the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997665–666_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997665–666-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In what became known as the "Seventh of March Speech", Webster attacked Northerners and Southerners alike for stirring up tensions over slavery. He admonished Northerners for obstructing the return of <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slaves in the United States">fugitive slaves</a> but attacked Southern leaders for openly contemplating secession.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997669–673_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997669–673-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the speech, Webster was bitterly attacked by New England <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionists</a>. <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Parker" title="Theodore Parker">Theodore Parker</a> complained, "No living man has done so much to debauch the conscience of the nation," while <a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann" title="Horace Mann">Horace Mann</a> described Webster as "a fallen star! Lucifer descending from Heaven!"<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to that view, <a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a> wrote a few decades later: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> Mr. Webster had in his own lifetime seen the thirteen colonies grow into thirty powerful States. He had seen three millions of people, enfeebled and impoverished by a long struggle, increased eightfold in number, surrounded by all the comforts, charms, and securities of life. All this spoke to him of the Union and of its priceless blessings. He now heard its advantages discussed, its perpetuity doubted, its existence threatened. ... Mr. Webster felt that a generation had been born who were undervaluing their inheritance, and who might, by temerity, destroy it. Under motives inspired by these surroundings, he spoke for the preservation of the Union.<sup id="cite_ref-Blaine_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blaine-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The debate over Clay's compromise proposal continued into July 1850, when Taylor suddenly and unexpectedly died of an illness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997683_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997683-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretary_of_State_in_the_Fillmore_administration">Secretary of State in the Fillmore administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Secretary of State in the Fillmore administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Millard_Fillmore" title="Presidency of Millard Fillmore">Presidency of Millard Fillmore</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compromise_of_1850">Compromise of 1850</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Compromise of 1850"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DanielWebster_ca1847_Whipple_2403624668-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/DanielWebster_ca1847_Whipple_2403624668-crop.jpg/220px-DanielWebster_ca1847_Whipple_2403624668-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/DanielWebster_ca1847_Whipple_2403624668-crop.jpg/330px-DanielWebster_ca1847_Whipple_2403624668-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/DanielWebster_ca1847_Whipple_2403624668-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a> photograph of Webster by <a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Whipple" title="John Adams Whipple">John Adams Whipple</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1847</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Millard Fillmore ascended to the presidency upon Taylor's death. Shortly after taking office, Fillmore dismissed Taylor's Cabinet appointees, named Webster as his secretary of state,<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and came out in favor of Clay's compromise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997684–687_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997684–687-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fillmore chose the remaining members of his Cabinet in consultation with Webster, and Webster became the unofficial leader in the Cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997689–690_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997689–690-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Fillmore took office, Clay took a temporary leave from the Senate, but Democratic senator <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a> of Illinois took the lead in advocating for a compromise based largely on Clay's proposals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988177–181_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988177–181-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On behalf of the president, Webster drafted a special message to Congress calling for an end to the crisis over the territories, and he used the power of patronage to woo potential supporters. Soon after the Fillmore administration delivered the special message, Congress passed Douglas's legislative package, which became known as the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997691–695_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997691–695-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to a prosperous economy and various other trends, few Whigs pushed for a revival of the national bank and other long-standing party policies during the Fillmore administration, and the Compromise of 1850 became the central political issue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolt1999686–688,_738_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolt1999686–688,_738-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Fillmore hoped to reconcile with anti-Compromise Northern Whigs, Webster sought to purge them from the party, and he frequently intervened to block the election or appointment of anti-Compromise Whigs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolt1999635–636_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolt1999635–636-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the North, the most controversial portion of the Compromise of 1850 was the <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1850" title="Fugitive Slave Act of 1850">Fugitive Slave Act of 1850</a>, and Webster became closely involved in enforcing the law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997695–696_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997695–696-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disputes over fugitive slaves were widely publicized North and South, inflaming passions and raising tensions in the aftermath of the Compromise of 1850. Many of the administration's prosecutions or attempts to return slaves ended badly for the government, as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Shadrach_Minkins" title="Shadrach Minkins">Shadrach Minkins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988208–213_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988208–213-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Massachusetts, anti-slavery Whigs allied with Democrats and, in a major rebuke to Webster, elected Free Soil leader Charles Sumner to the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997706–707_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997706–707-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opening_of_the_New_York_&_Erie_Rail_Road"><span id="Opening_of_the_New_York_.26_Erie_Rail_Road"></span>Opening of the New York & Erie Rail Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Opening of the New York & Erie Rail Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Railroad" title="Erie Railroad">New York & Erie Rail Road</a> was completed in May 1851, President Fillmore and several members of his cabinet, including Webster, made a special, two-day excursion run to open the railway. It is reported that Webster viewed the entire run from a rocking chair attached to a flatcar, with a steamer rug and jug of high-quality <a href="/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts">Medford</a> <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At stops, he would get down and speechify. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_affairs">Foreign affairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Foreign affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fillmore appointed Webster not only for his national stature and pro-Compromise position, but also for his experience in foreign affairs, and Fillmore relied on Webster to guide his administration's foreign policy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997689_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997689-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath of the failed <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>, a diplomatic incident with the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> arose over the Taylor administration's sympathetic actions towards the Hungarian rebels. Rather than backing down, the Fillmore administration secured the release of exiled Hungarian leader <a href="/wiki/Lajos_Kossuth" title="Lajos Kossuth">Lajos Kossuth</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and gave a banquet in Kossuth's honor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997698–705_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997698–705-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1851, Webster wrote a book about Kossuth's life.<sup id="cite_ref-Webster/1851/Kossuth_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webster/1851/Kossuth-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The administration was particularly active in Asia and the Pacific, especially with regard to <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">prohibited nearly all foreign contact</a>. In November 1852, the administration launched the <a href="/wiki/Perry_Expedition" title="Perry Expedition">Perry Expedition</a> to force Japan to establish trade relations with the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith198896–98_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith198896–98-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perry was successful in his mission, as Japan agreed to open trade relations with the 1854 <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Kanagawa" title="Convention of Kanagawa">Convention of Kanagawa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997713_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997713-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fillmore administration also reached trade agreements with <a href="/wiki/Latin_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American">Latin American</a> countries,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997722_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997722-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> worked to counter British influence in <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997713–716_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997713–716-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and took measures to prevent <a href="/wiki/Filibuster_(military)" title="Filibuster (military)">unauthorized military expeditions</a> against <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and other Latin American countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997718–720_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997718–720-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An expedition to Cuba led by <a href="/wiki/Narciso_L%C3%B3pez" title="Narciso López">Narciso López</a> precipitated a diplomatic crisis with <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, but Fillmore, Webster, and the Spanish government worked out a series of face-saving measures that prevented an outbreak of hostilities from occurring.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988227–229_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988227–229-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1852_election">1852 election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 1852 election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1852WhigPresidentialNomination1stBallot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/1852WhigPresidentialNomination1stBallot.png/310px-1852WhigPresidentialNomination1stBallot.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/1852WhigPresidentialNomination1stBallot.png/465px-1852WhigPresidentialNomination1stBallot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/1852WhigPresidentialNomination1stBallot.png/620px-1852WhigPresidentialNomination1stBallot.png 2x" data-file-width="1513" data-file-height="983" /></a><figcaption>Webster (red) won the support of several delegates at the <a href="/wiki/1852_Whig_National_Convention" title="1852 Whig National Convention">1852 Whig National Convention</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Encouraged by Fillmore's professed lack of desire to pursue the Whig nomination in the <a href="/wiki/1852_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1852 U.S. presidential election">1852 U.S. presidential election</a>, Webster launched another campaign for the presidency in 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997724–725_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997724–725-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fillmore was sympathetic to the ambitions of his secretary of state, but he was unwilling to completely rule out accepting the party's 1852 nomination, as he feared doing so would allow his rival, William Seward, to gain control of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988239–244_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988239–244-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another candidate emerged in the form of General Winfield Scott, who, like previously successful Whig presidential nominees William Henry Harrison and Zachary Taylor, had earned fame for his martial accomplishments. Scott had supported the Compromise of 1850, but his association with Seward made him unacceptable to Southern Whigs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988239–244_184-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988239–244-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Southerners retained a lingering distrust of Webster, they threw their backing behind Fillmore.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolt1999681–682_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolt1999681–682-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, Scott emerged as the preferred candidate of most Northern Whigs, Fillmore became the main candidate of Southern Whigs, and Webster was only able to win backing from a handful of delegates, most of whom were from New England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997735–736_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997735–736-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the first presidential ballot of the <a href="/wiki/1852_Whig_National_Convention" title="1852 Whig National Convention">1852 Whig National Convention</a>, Fillmore received 133 of the necessary 147 votes, while Scott won 131 and Webster won 29.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988244–247_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988244–247-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although both Webster and Fillmore were willing to withdraw in favor of the other, their respective delegates at the convention were unable to unite around one candidate, and Scott took the nomination on the 53rd ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997736–739_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997736–739-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster was personally devastated by the defeat, and he refused to endorse Scott's candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997739–741,_755_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997739–741,_755-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster allowed various third party groups to nominate him for president, although he did not openly condone these efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGienapp198820–21_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGienapp198820–21-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scott proved to be a poor candidate, and he suffered the worst defeat in Whig history, losing to Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolt1999754–755_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolt1999754–755-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thousands of anti-Scott Whigs and members of the <a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">nativist</a> <a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">Native American Party</a> cast their vote for Webster.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGienapp198829–30_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGienapp198829–30-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life,_family,_and_religious_views"><span id="Personal_life.2C_family.2C_and_religious_views"></span>Personal life, family, and religious views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Personal life, family, and religious views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="; background:#b0c4de; width:35em; max-width: 40%"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>If we work upon marble, it will perish; if we work upon brass, time will efface it; if we rear temples, they will crumble to dust; but if we work on men's immortal minds, if we impress on them with high principles, the just fear of God and love for their fellow-men, we engrave on those tablets something which no time can efface, and which will brighten and brighten to all eternity. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><b>Daniel Webster</b> (<i>May 22, 1852</i>)</cite></p> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mrs._Daniel_Webster_(Grace_Fletcher)_-_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mrs._Daniel_Webster_%28Grace_Fletcher%29_-_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg/220px-Mrs._Daniel_Webster_%28Grace_Fletcher%29_-_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mrs._Daniel_Webster_%28Grace_Fletcher%29_-_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg/330px-Mrs._Daniel_Webster_%28Grace_Fletcher%29_-_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mrs._Daniel_Webster_%28Grace_Fletcher%29_-_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg/440px-Mrs._Daniel_Webster_%28Grace_Fletcher%29_-_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption>Grace Fletcher</figcaption></figure><p>In 1808, Webster married <a href="/wiki/Grace_Fletcher_Webster" title="Grace Fletcher Webster">Grace Fletcher</a>, a schoolteacher and the daughter of a New Hampshire clergyman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199786–89_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199786–89-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1810 and 1822, Daniel and Grace had five children: Grace, <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Webster" title="Fletcher Webster">Daniel "Fletcher"</a>, Julia, Edward, and Charles. Grace and Charles died before reaching adulthood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199713_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199713-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster's wife, Grace, died in January 1828 due to a <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancerous</a> <a href="/wiki/Tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor">tumor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997285,_288–291_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997285,_288–291-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Webster suffered another loss when his brother, Ezekiel, died in April 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997305_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997305-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1829, Webster married <a href="/wiki/Caroline_LeRoy" title="Caroline LeRoy">Caroline LeRoy</a>, the 32-year-old daughter of a New York merchant. They remained married until Webster's death, and she lived until 1882. She and Webster had two children together, another daughter named Grace and a son named Noah Webster.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997310–311,_758_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997310–311,_758-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the death of his first wife, Webster was frequently the subject of rumors in Washington regarding his alleged promiscuity; many suspected that the painter <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Goodridge" title="Sarah Goodridge">Sarah Goodridge</a>, with whom he had a close relationship, was his mistress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997306–309_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997306–309-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Webster and his family lived in Portsmouth until 1816 when they relocated to Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997144–145_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997144–145-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1831, Webster purchased a 150-acre estate (now known as the <a href="/wiki/Thomas%E2%80%93Webster_Estate" title="Thomas–Webster Estate">Thomas–Webster Estate</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Marshfield,_Massachusetts" title="Marshfield, Massachusetts">Marshfield, Massachusetts</a>. In the ensuing years, Webster spent much of his earnings making various improvements to his estate, and he made it his primary residence in 1837. After 1829, Webster also owned his father's home, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_Family_Home" title="Daniel Webster Family Home">the Elms</a>, in Franklin, New Hampshire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997346–352_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997346–352-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster's older son, Fletcher, married a niece of Joseph Story, established a profitable law practice, served as <a href="/wiki/Chief_Clerk_(United_States_Department_of_State)" title="Chief Clerk (United States Department of State)">chief clerk</a> of the State Department, and was the only one of his siblings to outlive his father.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997452,_520_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997452,_520-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fletcher died at the 1862 <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="Second Battle of Bull Run">Second Battle of Bull Run</a> while serving as a colonel in the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997758_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997758-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster's younger son, Edward, died of <a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">typhoid fever</a> in January 1848 while serving in the Mexican-American War.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997626–627,_642_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997626–627,_642-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster's daughter, Julia, married Samuel Appleton Appleton, but died of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> in April 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997485,_643_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997485,_643-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conflicting opinions have been voiced as to his religion. The <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian Universalist Church</a>, citing <i>Unitarianism in America</i> from 1902, claim him as their own.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another source, the 1856 biography <i>The American Statesman: The Life and Character of Daniel Webster</i>, proclaims him an avowed orthodox Trinitarian, baptized and raised in an Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Congregational_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational Church">Congregational Church</a>, and who died a member of the Episcopal Church.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remini writes that, though Webster occasionally attended other churches, he remained closely affiliated with the Congregational church throughout his life. In an 1807 letter to a Congregational pastor, Webster wrote, "I believe in the utter inability of any human being to work out his own Salvation, without the constant aids of the spirit of all grace... Although I have great respect for some other forms of worship, I believe the Congregational mode, on the whole, to be preferable to any other."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199786–88_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199786–88-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By early 1852, Webster had begun to suffer from <a href="/wiki/Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a> of the liver, and his poor health increasingly made it difficult for him to serve as secretary of state. In September 1852, Webster returned to his Marshfield estate, where his health continued to decline due to cirrhosis and a <a href="/wiki/Subdural_hematoma" title="Subdural hematoma">subdural hematoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997753–756,_761_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997753–756,_761-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in Marshfield, Massachusetts on October 24, 1852, at the age of 70, and is buried in <a href="/wiki/Winslow_Cemetery" title="Winslow Cemetery">Winslow Cemetery</a> near his estate. His last words were, "I still live."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997759–760_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997759–760-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Webster-s_%22Liberty_and_Union%22_line,_Central_Park,_NYC_IMG_5959.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Webster-s_%22Liberty_and_Union%22_line%2C_Central_Park%2C_NYC_IMG_5959.JPG/220px-Webster-s_%22Liberty_and_Union%22_line%2C_Central_Park%2C_NYC_IMG_5959.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Webster-s_%22Liberty_and_Union%22_line%2C_Central_Park%2C_NYC_IMG_5959.JPG/330px-Webster-s_%22Liberty_and_Union%22_line%2C_Central_Park%2C_NYC_IMG_5959.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Webster-s_%22Liberty_and_Union%22_line%2C_Central_Park%2C_NYC_IMG_5959.JPG/440px-Webster-s_%22Liberty_and_Union%22_line%2C_Central_Park%2C_NYC_IMG_5959.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4266" data-file-height="2840" /></a><figcaption>Daniel Webster monument, <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, from the base: "Liberty and Union, Now and Forever, One and Inseparable"</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Webster_Hall_at_Dartmouth_College.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Webster_Hall_at_Dartmouth_College.jpg/220px-Webster_Hall_at_Dartmouth_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Webster_Hall_at_Dartmouth_College.jpg/330px-Webster_Hall_at_Dartmouth_College.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Webster_Hall_at_Dartmouth_College.jpg/440px-Webster_Hall_at_Dartmouth_College.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2593" data-file-height="1890" /></a><figcaption>Webster Hall, at Dartmouth College.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_evaluations">Historical evaluations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Historical evaluations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="; background:#d7edf4; width:35em; max-width: 40%"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Secession! Peaceable secession! Sir, your eyes and mine are never destined to see that miracle. The dismemberment of this vast country without convulsion! .... There can be no such thing as a peaceable secession. Peaceable secession is an utter impossibility .... We could not separate the states by any such line if we were to draw it .... </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><b>Daniel Webster</b> (<i>March 7, 1850 A Plea for Harmony and Peace</i>)</cite></p> </div> <p>Remini writes that "whether men hated or admired [Webster], all agreed ... on the majesty of his oratory, the immensity of his intellectual powers, and the primacy of his constitutional knowledge."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini19979_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini19979-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>, who had criticized Webster following the Seventh of March address, remarked in the immediate aftermath of his death that Webster was "the completest man", and that "nature had not in our days, or not since <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon</a>, cut out such a masterpiece."<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage" title="Profiles in Courage">Profiles in Courage</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> called Webster's defense of the Compromise of 1850, despite the risk to his presidential ambitions and the denunciations he faced from the North, one of the "greatest acts of courageous principle" in the history of the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, <i>Seventh of March</i> has been criticized by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Henry Cabot Lodge</a> who contrasted the speech's support of the 1850 compromise with his 1833 rejection of similar measures. "While he was brave and true and wise in 1833," said Lodge, "in 1850 he was not only inconsistent, but that he erred deeply in policy and statesmanship" in his advocacy of a policy that "made war inevitable by encouraging slave-holders to believe that they could always obtain anything they wanted by a sufficient show of violence."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge1883103,_105_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge1883103,_105-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several historians suggest Webster failed to exercise leadership for any political issue or vision. Lodge describes Webster's "susceptibility to outside influences that formed such an odd trait in the character of a man so imperious by nature. When acting alone, he spoke his own opinions. When in a situation where public opinion was concentrated against him, he submitted to modifications of his views with a curious and indolent indifference."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge188318_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge188318-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur Schlesinger</a> cites Webster's letter requesting retainers for fighting for the national bank, one of his most inveterate causes; he then asks how Webster could "expect the American people to follow him through hell or high water when he would not lead unless someone made up a purse for him?"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger194584_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlesinger194584-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remini writes that "Webster was a thoroughgoing elitist—and he reveled in it."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997352–353_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997352–353-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Webster retains his high prestige in some recent historiography. Baxter argues that his nationalistic view of the union as one and inseparable from liberty helped the union to triumph over the states-rights Confederacy, making it his greatest contribution.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bartlett, however, emphasizing Webster's private life, says his great oratorical achievements were in part undercut by his improvidence with money, his excessively opulent lifestyle, and his numerous conflict-of-interest situations.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remini points out that Webster's historical orations taught Americans their history before textbooks were widely available.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997187_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997187-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1957, a Senate Committee headed by then Senator John F. Kennedy named Webster, Clay, Calhoun, <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">Robert M. La Follette</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a> as the five greatest senators in history—portraits of the "famous five" were added to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Reception_Room" title="United States Senate Reception Room">Senate Reception Room</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While evaluations on his political career vary, Webster is widely praised for his talent as an orator and attorney. Former <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_the_United_States" title="Solicitor General of the United States">Solicitor General</a> <a href="/wiki/Seth_P._Waxman" title="Seth P. Waxman">Seth P. Waxman</a> writes that "in the realm of advocacy, Webster doesn't merely sit in the Pantheon: He is Zeus himself."<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kennedy praised Webster's "ability to make alive and supreme the latent sense of oneness, of union, that all Americans felt but few could express."<sup id="cite_ref-orator_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orator-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge188366_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge188366-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webster's "Reply to Hayne" in 1830 was generally regarded as "the most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress," and was a stock exercise for oratory students for 75 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Allan_Nevins_1947_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allan_Nevins_1947-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schlesinger, however, notes that he is also an example of the limitations of formal oratory: Congress heard Webster or Clay with admiration, but they rarely prevailed at the vote. Plainer speech and party solidarity were more effective, and Webster never approached Jackson's popular appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger194550–52_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlesinger194550–52-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memorials">Memorials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Memorials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_for_Daniel_Webster" title="List of things named for Daniel Webster">List of things named for Daniel Webster</a></div> <p>Webster's legacy has been commemorated with statues and other memorials. A statue stands in the <a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall_Collection" title="National Statuary Hall Collection">National Statuary Hall Collection</a>, while another <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Daniel_Webster_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of Daniel Webster (New York City)">statue</a> stands in <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>. Another Webster statue is located outside the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_House" title="Massachusetts State House">Massachusetts State House</a>. The <i><a href="/wiki/USS_Daniel_Webster_(SSBN-626)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Daniel Webster (SSBN-626)">USS Daniel Webster (SSBN-626)</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_ship" title="Liberty ship">liberty ship</a> <a href="/wiki/SS_Daniel_Webster" title="SS Daniel Webster">SS <i>Daniel Webster</i></a> were both named for Webster. The first Webster postage stamp was issued in 1870. In all, Daniel Webster is honored on 14 different US postage issues, more than most U.S. Presidents. There is a <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_Highway" title="Daniel Webster Highway">Daniel Webster Highway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Webster" title="Mount Webster">Mount Webster</a> in New Hampshire<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 27 towns named for Webster in California, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Florida" title="Webster, Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Illinois" title="Webster, Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Indiana" title="Webster, Indiana">Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Iowa" title="Webster, Iowa">Iowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Kansas" title="Webster, Kansas">Kansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Kentucky" title="Webster, Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Webster, Maine">Maine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Massachusetts" title="Webster, Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Webster, Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Minnesota" title="Webster, Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Nebraska" title="Webster, Nebraska">Nebraska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_New_Hampshire" title="Webster, New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_New_York" title="Webster, New York">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_North_Carolina" title="Webster, North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_North_Dakota" title="Webster, North Dakota">North Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Ohio" title="Webster, Ohio">Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Pennsylvania" title="Webster, Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_South_Dakota" title="Webster, South Dakota">South Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Texas" title="Webster, Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster,_Virginia" title="Webster, Virginia">Virginia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Webster,_West_Virginia" title="Webster, West Virginia">West Virginia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>. A ghost town in Colorado and Webster Hollow in Tennessee are also named for Daniel Webster. Seven <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a> or <a href="/wiki/List_of_parishes_in_Louisiana" title="List of parishes in Louisiana">parishes</a> are named for Webster. Daniel Webster Elementary School in Marshfield, Massachusetts bears his name. </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Daniel Webster has been honored on numerous U.S. Postage stamps</b></div> <table style="margin:auto"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Webster_15c,1879_issue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Daniel_Webster_15c%2C1879_issue.jpg/180px-Daniel_Webster_15c%2C1879_issue.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Daniel_Webster_15c%2C1879_issue.jpg/270px-Daniel_Webster_15c%2C1879_issue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Daniel_Webster_15c%2C1879_issue.jpg/360px-Daniel_Webster_15c%2C1879_issue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>Issue of 1879</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Webster_10c,1890_issue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Daniel_Webster_10c%2C1890_issue.jpg/180px-Daniel_Webster_10c%2C1890_issue.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Daniel_Webster_10c%2C1890_issue.jpg/270px-Daniel_Webster_10c%2C1890_issue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Daniel_Webster_10c%2C1890_issue.jpg/360px-Daniel_Webster_10c%2C1890_issue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="748" /></a><figcaption>Issue of 1890</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Webster_10c,_1903_issue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Daniel_Webster_10c%2C_1903_issue.jpg/180px-Daniel_Webster_10c%2C_1903_issue.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Daniel_Webster_10c%2C_1903_issue.jpg/270px-Daniel_Webster_10c%2C_1903_issue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Daniel_Webster_10c%2C_1903_issue.jpg/360px-Daniel_Webster_10c%2C_1903_issue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="818" /></a><figcaption>Issue of 1903</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Webster_3c,_1932_issue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Daniel_Webster_3c%2C_1932_issue.jpg/180px-Daniel_Webster_3c%2C_1932_issue.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Daniel_Webster_3c%2C_1932_issue.jpg/270px-Daniel_Webster_3c%2C_1932_issue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Daniel_Webster_3c%2C_1932_issue.jpg/360px-Daniel_Webster_3c%2C_1932_issue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="751" /></a><figcaption>Issue of 1932</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Webster,_Darthmouth_6c,_1969_issue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Daniel_Webster%2C_Darthmouth_6c%2C_1969_issue.jpg/180px-Daniel_Webster%2C_Darthmouth_6c%2C_1969_issue.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Daniel_Webster%2C_Darthmouth_6c%2C_1969_issue.jpg/270px-Daniel_Webster%2C_Darthmouth_6c%2C_1969_issue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Daniel_Webster%2C_Darthmouth_6c%2C_1969_issue.jpg/360px-Daniel_Webster%2C_Darthmouth_6c%2C_1969_issue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="912" /></a><figcaption>Issue of 1969</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_media">In media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: In media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Webster is the major character in a fictional short story, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil_and_Daniel_Webster" title="The Devil and Daniel Webster">The Devil and Daniel Webster</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Vincent_Ben%C3%A9t" title="Stephen Vincent Benét">Stephen Vincent Benét</a>. It serves as the basis for a one-act opera of the same name written by American composer <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Moore" title="Douglas Moore">Douglas Moore</a> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Devil_and_Daniel_Webster_(film)" title="The Devil and Daniel Webster (film)">1941 film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/William_Dieterle" title="William Dieterle">William Dieterle</a>. </p><p>Webster is briefly discussed in Chapter XIX of <a href="/wiki/MacKinlay_Kantor" title="MacKinlay Kantor">MacKinlay Kantor</a>'s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel <i><a href="/wiki/Andersonville_(novel)" title="Andersonville (novel)">Andersonville</a></i> (1955). </p><p>Jefferson Smith sits at what is said to be Webster's desk when he takes his seat in the Senate in <a href="/wiki/Mr._Smith_Goes_to_Washington" title="Mr. Smith Goes to Washington">Mr. Smith Goes to Washington</a> (1939). </p><p>On film, Webster has been portrayed by </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_MacQuarrie" title="George MacQuarrie">George MacQuarrie</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Barnum" title="The Mighty Barnum">The Mighty Barnum</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Toler" title="Sidney Toler">Sidney Toler</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gorgeous_Hussy" title="The Gorgeous Hussy">The Gorgeous Hussy</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Vogan" title="Emmett Vogan">Emmett Vogan</a> in <i>The Monroe Doctrine</i> (1939)</li> <li>Harry Humphries in <i><a href="/wiki/Abe_Lincoln_in_Illinois_(film)" title="Abe Lincoln in Illinois (film)">Abe Lincoln in Illinois</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Arnold_(actor)" title="Edward Arnold (actor)">Edward Arnold</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil_and_Daniel_Webster_(film)" title="The Devil and Daniel Webster (film)">The Devil and Daniel Webster</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Shortcut_to_Happiness" title="Shortcut to Happiness">Shortcut to Happiness</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rubinstein" title="John Rubinstein">John Rubinstein</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Chilling_Adventures_of_Sabrina_(TV_series)" title="Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (TV series)">Chilling Adventures of Sabrina</a></i> (Episode: "The Trial of Sabrina Spellman")</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/26px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/39px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/52px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_through_alcohol" title="List of deaths through alcohol">List of deaths through alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins of the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster/Sainte-Lagu%C3%AB_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Webster/Sainte-Laguë method">Webster/Sainte-Laguë method</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Under the Constitution, the House can select from the top three electoral vote winners in a contingent election for president. Thus, Jackson, Adams, and Crawford were eligible to be selected, while Clay was not. Calhoun dropped out early in the campaign and won election as vice president.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unlike Jackson and Clay, he was not a member of a <a href="/wiki/Masonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic">Masonic</a> fraternity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997339_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997339-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aside from <i>Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge</i>, other major cases he argued before the Taney Court include <i><a href="/wiki/Thurlow_v._Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Thurlow v. Massachusetts">Thurlow v. Massachusetts</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997605_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997605-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Luther_v._Borden" title="Luther v. Borden">Luther v. Borden</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997640_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997640-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Webster's service in the Fillmore administration made him the first individual to serve as secretary of state under three different presidents. <a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a> would later match Webster's feat of serving as secretary of state under three different presidents.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fincommem-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fincommem_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/MembershipbyCongress.pdf">"Membership of the Finance Committee (By Congress and Session)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Senate Committee on Finance<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Membership+of+the+Finance+Committee+%28By+Congress+and+Session%29&rft.pub=United+States+Senate+Committee+on+Finance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finance.senate.gov%2Fimo%2Fmedia%2Fdoc%2FMembershipbyCongress.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=1837&year-max=1837&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. American Philosophical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=APS+Member+History&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3D%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D1837%26year-max%3D1837%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199729–33-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199729–33_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 29–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199747–48-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199747–48_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 47–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199735–37-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199735–37_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 35–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199738–40-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199738–40_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 38–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199741–42-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199741–42_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 41–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199749–53-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199749–53_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 49–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Webster,_Daniel" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Webster, Daniel">Webster, Daniel</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 459–462.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Webster%2C+Daniel&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=459-462&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199753–54-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199753–54_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 53–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199755–56-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199755–56_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 55–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199758–59-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199758–59_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 58–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199758–59,_66–67-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199758–59,_66–67_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 58–59, 66–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199760–61-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199760–61_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 60–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge188312-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge188312_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLodge1883">Lodge 1883</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199773–77-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199773–77_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 73–77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199778–79-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199778–79_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 78–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheek, H. Lee Jr. "Webster, Daniel." In Schultz, David, ed. <i>Encyclopedia of American Law,</i>New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2002. Facts On File, Inc. American History Online</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199783–84-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199783–84_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 83–84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199789–90-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199789–90_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 89–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199797-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199797_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton2005" class="citation book cs1">Norton (2005). <i>A People & A Nation</i>. p. 228.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+People+%26+A+Nation&rft.pages=228&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Norton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199795–96-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199795–96_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 95–96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199796–99-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199796–99_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 96–99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Discovering-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Discovering_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Discovering_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Daniel Webster." Discovering Biography. Online Edition. Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center. Thomson Gale. June 16, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997100–101-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997100–101_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 100–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997101–102-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997101–102_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 101–102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997103–105-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997103–105_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 103–105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997107–109,_112–113-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997107–109,_112–113_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 107–109, 112–113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997109,_120–122-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997109,_120–122_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 109, 120–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997131–132-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997131–132_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 131–132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997135–136,_141-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997135–136,_141_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 135–136, 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997136–137-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997136–137_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 136–137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997137–140-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997137–140_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 137–140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997131-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997131_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997141–145-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997141–145_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997141–145_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 141–145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997115–117-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997115–117_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 115–117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-American_Eras-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-American_Eras_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Daniel Webster", in <i>American Eras,</i> Volume 5: <i>The Reform Era and Eastern U.S. Development, 1815–1850,</i> Gale Research, 1998. Student Resource Center. Thomson Gale. June 16, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997119-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997119_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997145–146-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997145–146_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 145–146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997116–118-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997116–118_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 116–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997162,_208-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997162,_208_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 162, 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997443–444-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997443–444_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 443–444.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, Thomas E. 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<span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, p. 713.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997722-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997722_179-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, p. 722.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997713–716-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997713–716_180-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 713–716.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997718–720-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997718–720_181-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 718–720.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988227–229-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988227–229_182-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1988">Smith 1988</a>, pp. 227–229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997724–725-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997724–725_183-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 724–725.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988239–244-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988239–244_184-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988239–244_184-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1988">Smith 1988</a>, pp. 239–244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolt1999681–682-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolt1999681–682_185-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolt1999">Holt 1999</a>, pp. 681–682.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997735–736-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997735–736_186-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 735–736.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988244–247-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988244–247_187-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1988">Smith 1988</a>, pp. 244–247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997736–739-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997736–739_188-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 736–739.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997739–741,_755-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997739–741,_755_189-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 739–741, 755.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGienapp198820–21-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGienapp198820–21_190-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGienapp1988">Gienapp 1988</a>, pp. 20–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolt1999754–755-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolt1999754–755_191-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolt1999">Holt 1999</a>, pp. 754–755.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGienapp198829–30-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGienapp198829–30_192-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGienapp1988">Gienapp 1988</a>, pp. 29–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199786–89-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199786–89_193-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 86–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199713-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199713_194-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997285,_288–291-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997285,_288–291_195-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 285, 288–291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997305-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997305_196-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997310–311,_758-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997310–311,_758_197-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 310–311, 758.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997306–309-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997306–309_198-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 306–309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997144–145-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997144–145_199-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 144–145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997346–352-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997346–352_200-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 346–352.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997452,_520-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997452,_520_201-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 452, 520.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997758-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997758_202-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, p. 758.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997626–627,_642-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997626–627,_642_203-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 626–627, 642.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997485,_643-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997485,_643_204-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 485, 643.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooke1902" class="citation book cs1">Cooke, George (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NZt97oFb4EsC&q=%22daniel+webster%22+%22unitarian+universalism%22&pg=PA271"><i>Unitarianism in America</i></a>. Kessinger Publishing. p. 271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4191-9210-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-4191-9210-8"><bdi>1-4191-9210-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unitarianism+in+America&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=1902&rft.isbn=1-4191-9210-8&rft.aulast=Cooke&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNZt97oFb4EsC%26q%3D%2522daniel%2Bwebster%2522%2B%2522unitarian%2Buniversalism%2522%26pg%3DPA271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanvard1856" class="citation book cs1">Banvard, Joseph (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanstatesm00banvgoog"><i>The American Statesman: The Life and Character of Daniel Webster</i></a>. Gould and Lincoln [etc ., etc.] pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanstatesm00banvgoog/page/n318">302</a>, 303, 306.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Statesman%3A+The+Life+and+Character+of+Daniel+Webster&rft.pages=302%2C+303%2C+306&rft.pub=Gould+and+Lincoln+%5Betc+.%2C+etc.%5D&rft.date=1856&rft.aulast=Banvard&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanstatesm00banvgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini199786–88-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini199786–88_207-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 86–88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997753–756,_761-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997753–756,_761_208-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 753–756, 761.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997759–760-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997759–760_209-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 759–760.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini19979-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini19979_210-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d9lJ723GMNMC&dq=%22nature+had+not+in+our+days+or+not+since+Napoleon,+cut+out+such+a+masterpiece.%22&pg=PA60">Mott, Wesley T., and Burkholder, Robert E., eds., <i>Emersonian Circles: Essays in Honor of Joel Myerson</i>, University of Rochester Press (1997), p. 60.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Glass2007" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Glass (March 6, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2007/03/this-day-on-capitol-hill-march-7-003015">"This Day on Capitol Hill: March 7"</a>. <i>POLITICO</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=This+Day+on+Capitol+Hill%3A+March+7&rft.date=2007-03-06&rft.au=Andrew+Glass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2007%2F03%2Fthis-day-on-capitol-hill-march-7-003015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge1883103,_105-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge1883103,_105_213-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLodge1883">Lodge 1883</a>, pp. 103, 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge188318-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge188318_214-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLodge1883">Lodge 1883</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlesinger194584-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger194584_215-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchlesinger1945">Schlesinger 1945</a>, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997352–353-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997352–353_216-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, pp. 352–353.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maurice G. Baxter, <i>One and Inseparable: Daniel Webster and the Union</i> (1984)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irving H. Bartlett, <i>Daniel Webster</i> (1978)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERemini1997187-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemini1997187_219-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRemini1997">Remini 1997</a>, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Famous_Five_Seven.htm">"The "Famous Five"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. United States Senate<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%22Famous+Five%22&rft.pub=United+States+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fbriefing%2FFamous_Five_Seven.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaxman2001" class="citation journal cs1">Waxman, Seth P. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1278&context=facpub">"In the Shadow of Daniel Webster: Arguing Appeals in the Twenty-First Century"</a>. <i>J. App. Prac. & Process</i>. <b>3</b>: 523.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+App.+Prac.+%26+Process&rft.atitle=In+the+Shadow+of+Daniel+Webster%3A+Arguing+Appeals+in+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=523&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Waxman&rft.aufirst=Seth+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.georgetown.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1278%26context%3Dfacpub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orator-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-orator_222-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2004" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy (2004). <i>Profiles in Courage</i>. p. 58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Profiles+in+Courage&rft.pages=58&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Kennedy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge188366-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge188366_223-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLodge1883">Lodge 1883</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allan_Nevins_1947-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allan_Nevins_1947_224-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allan Nevins, <i>Ordeal of the Union</i> (1947) 1:288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlesinger194550–52-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger194550–52_225-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchlesinger1945">Schlesinger 1945</a>, pp. 50–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=5&cmd=2&q=daniel+webster&f=1&f=2&d_start=&d_end=&c=&lf=3">"Smithsonian National Postal Museum"</a>. Arago.si.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smithsonian+National+Postal+Museum&rft.pub=Arago.si.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farago.si.edu%2Findex.asp%3Fcon%3D5%26cmd%3D2%26q%3Ddaniel%2Bwebster%26f%3D1%26f%3D2%26d_start%3D%26d_end%3D%26c%3D%26lf%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scotts US Stamp Catalogue</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole1993" class="citation book cs1">Cole, Donald B. (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/presidencyofandr0000cole"><i>The Presidency of Andrew Jackson</i></a></span>. University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-0600-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-0600-9"><bdi>0-7006-0600-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidency+of+Andrew+Jackson&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-7006-0600-9&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Donald+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpresidencyofandr0000cole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGienapp1988" class="citation book cs1">Gienapp, William E. (1988). <i>The Origins of the Republican Party, 1852-1856</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195055016" title="Special:BookSources/9780195055016"><bdi>9780195055016</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Republican+Party%2C+1852-1856&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780195055016&rft.aulast=Gienapp&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt1999" class="citation book cs1">Holt, Michael (1999). <i>The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199772032" title="Special:BookSources/9780199772032"><bdi>9780199772032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+American+Whig+Party%3A+Jacksonian+Politics+and+the+Onset+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780199772032&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe2007" class="citation book cs1">Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whathathgodwroug00howe"><i>What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199743797" title="Special:BookSources/9780199743797"><bdi>9780199743797</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Hath+God+Wrought%3A+The+Transformation+of+America%2C+1815-1848&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780199743797&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Walker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhathathgodwroug00howe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLodge1883" class="citation book cs1">Lodge, Henry Cabot (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.87876"><i>Daniel Webster</i></a>. Houghton, Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16440580">16440580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daniel+Webster&rft.pub=Houghton%2C+Mifflin&rft.date=1883&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16440580&rft.aulast=Lodge&rft.aufirst=Henry+Cabot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.87876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson1989" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, Norma Lois (1989). <i>The Presidencies of William Henry Harrison and John Tyler</i>. University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0400-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0400-5"><bdi>978-0-7006-0400-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidencies+of+William+Henry+Harrison+and+John+Tyler&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-0400-5&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Norma+Lois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRemini1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_V._Remini" title="Robert V. Remini">Remini, Robert V.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/danielwebsterman00remi"><i>Daniel Webster: The Man and His Time</i></a>. W.W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04552-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04552-8"><bdi>0-393-04552-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daniel+Webster%3A+The+Man+and+His+Time&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-393-04552-8&rft.aulast=Remini&rft.aufirst=Robert+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdanielwebsterman00remi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlesinger1945" class="citation book cs1">Schlesinger, Arthur M. (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ageofjackson00schl"><i>The Age of Jackson</i></a>. Little, Brown and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780316773430" title="Special:BookSources/9780316773430"><bdi>9780316773430</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Jackson&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=1945&rft.isbn=9780316773430&rft.aulast=Schlesinger&rft.aufirst=Arthur+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fageofjackson00schl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1988" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Elbert B. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780700603626"><i>The Presidencies of Zachary Taylor & Millard Fillmore</i></a>. University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0362-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0362-6"><bdi>978-0-7006-0362-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidencies+of+Zachary+Taylor+%26+Millard+Fillmore&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-0362-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Elbert+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780700603626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biographies">Biographies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Biographies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irving_H._Bartlett" title="Irving H. Bartlett">Bartlett, Irving H.</a> <i>Daniel Webster</i> (1978) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/62762183">online edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729221851/http://www.questia.com/read/62762183">Archived</a> July 29, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Baxter, Maurice G. "Webster, Daniel"; <i>American National Biography Online</i> Feb. 2000. online edition at academic libraries</li> <li>Baxter, Maurice G. <i>One and Inseparable: Daniel Webster and the Union.</i> (1984).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrands2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._W._Brands" title="H. W. Brands">Brands, H. W.</a> (2018). <i>Heirs of the Founders: The Epic Rivalry of Henry Clay, John Calhoun and Daniel Webster, the Second Generation of American Giants</i>. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0385542548" title="Special:BookSources/978-0385542548"><bdi>978-0385542548</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heirs+of+the+Founders%3A+The+Epic+Rivalry+of+Henry+Clay%2C+John+Calhoun+and+Daniel+Webster%2C+the+Second+Generation+of+American+Giants&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0385542548&rft.aulast=Brands&rft.aufirst=H.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Current" title="Richard N. Current">Current, Richard Nelson</a>. <i>Daniel Webster and the Rise of National Conservatism</i> (1955), short biography</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ticknor_Curtis" title="George Ticknor Curtis">Curtis, George Ticknor</a>. <i>Life of Daniel Webster</i> (1870), useful for quotations <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/96721029">online edition vol 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110518080924/http://www.questia.com/read/96721029">Archived</a> May 18, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/16203820">online edition vol 2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120721051642/http://www.questia.com/read/16203820">Archived</a> July 21, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Fuess" title="Claude Fuess">Fuess, Claude Moore</a> <i>Daniel Webster.</i> (2 vols. 1930). scholarly biography</li> <li>Ogg, Frederic Austin. <i>Daniel Webster</i> (1914) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/danielwebster02ogggoog">online edition</a>, old scholarly biography</li> <li>Paul, Joel Richard. <i>Indivisible: Daniel Webster and the Birth of American Nationalism</i> (2022) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/indivisible-book-review-daniel-webster-one-and-inseparable-11668182673">Review</a></li> <li>Peterson, Merrill D. <i>The Great Triumvirate: Webster, Clay, and Calhoun</i> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_V._Remini" title="Robert V. Remini">Remini, Robert V.</a> <i>Daniel Webster: The Man and His Time</i> (1997)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specialized_scholarly_studies">Specialized scholarly studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Specialized scholarly studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Arntson, Paul, and Craig R. Smith. "The Seventh of March Address: A Mediating Influence." <i>Southern Speech Communication Journal</i> 40 (Spring 1975): 288–301.</li> <li>Bartlett, Irving H. "Daniel Webster as a Symbolic Hero." <i>New England Quarterly</i> 45 (December 1972): 484–507. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/364423">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Baxter, Maurice G. <i>Daniel Webster and the Supreme Court</i> (1966)</li> <li>Birkner, Michael. "Daniel Webster and the Crisis of Union, 1850." <i>Historical New Hampshire</i> 37 (Summer/Fall 1982): 151–73.</li> <li>Brauer, Kinley J. "The Webster-Lawrence Feud: A Study in Politics and Ambitions." <i>Historian</i> 29 (November 1966): 34–59.</li> <li>Brown, Thomas. "Daniel Webster: Conservative Whig." In <i>Politics and Statesmanship: Essays on the American Whig Party</i>, (1985) pp. 49–92. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=35907993">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110729083448/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=35907993">Archived</a> July 29, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Carey, Robert Lincoln. <i>Daniel Webster as an Economist.</i> (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=643615">online edition</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li>Dalzell, Robert F. Jr. <i>Daniel Webster and the Trial of American Nationalism, 1843–1852.</i> (1973).</li> <li>Dubofsky, Melvyn. "Daniel Webster and the Whig Theory of Economic Growth: 1828–1848." <i>New England Quarterly</i> 42 (December 1969): 551–72. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/363471">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Eisenstadt, Arthur A. "Daniel Webster and the Seventh of March." <i>Southern Speech Journal</i> 20 (Winter 1954): 136–47.</li> <li>Fields, Wayne. "The Reply to Hayne: Daniel Webster and the Rhetoric of Stewardship." <i>Political Theory</i> 11 (February 1983): 5–28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/191007">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Foster, Herbert D. "Webster's Seventh of March Speech and the Secession Movement, 1850." <i>American Historical Review</i> 27 (January 1922): 245–70. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/1836156">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Formisano, Ronald P. <i>The Transformation of Political Culture: Massachusetts Parties, 1790s–1840s</i> (1983)</li> <li>Jones, Howard. <i>To the Webster–Ashburton Treaty: A Study in Anglo-American Relations, 1783–1843.</i> (1977). 251 pp.</li> <li>Nathans, Sydney. <i>Daniel Webster and Jacksonian Democracy.</i> (1973).</li> <li>Nathans, Sydney. "Daniel Webster, Massachusetts Man," <i>New England Quarterly</i> 39 (June 1966): 161–81. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/363276">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Nevins, Allan. <i>Ordeal of the Union: Fruits of Manifest Destiny, 1847–1852</i> (1947), highly detailed narrative of national politics.</li> <li>Parish, Peter J. "Daniel Webster, New England, and the West." <i>Journal of American History</i> 54 (December 1967): 524–49. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/2937405">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Prince, Carl E., and Seth Taylor. "Daniel Webster, the Boston Associates, and the U.S. Government's Role in the Industrializing Process, 1815–1830." <i>Journal of the Early Republic</i> 2 (Fall 1982): 283–99. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/3122975">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Rakestraw, Donald A. <i>Daniel Webster: Defender of Peace.</i> Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2018.</li> <li>Shade, William G. "The Second Party System" in Paul Kleppner ed., <i>Evolution of American Electoral Systems</i> (1983)</li> <li>Sheidley, Harlow W. "The Webster–Hayne Debate: Recasting New England's Sectionalism." <i>New England Quarterly</i> 1994 67(1): 5–29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/366457">in Jstor</a></li> <li>Sheidley, Harlow W. "'Congress only can declare war' and 'the President is Commander in Chief': Daniel Webster and the War Power." <i>Diplomatic History</i> 12 (Fall 1988): 383–409.</li> <li>Shewmaker, Kenneth E. "Forging the 'Great Chain': Daniel Webster and the Origins of American Foreign Policy toward East Asia and the Pacific, 1841–1852." <i>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i> 129 (September 1985): 225–59.</li> <li>Shewmaker, Kenneth E. ed. <i>Daniel Webster: "The Completest Man.</i> (1990), specialized studies by scholars</li> <li>Simpson, Brooks D. "Daniel Webster and the Cult of the Constitution," <i>Journal of American Culture</i> 15 (Spring 1992): 15–23. online in <a href="/wiki/Blackwell_Synergy" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwell Synergy">Blackwell Synergy</a></li> <li>Smith, Craig R. "Daniel Webster's Epideictic Speaking: A Study in Emerging Whig Virtues" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060923133339/https://www.csulb.edu/~crsmith/webepid.html">online edition</a></li> <li>Smith, Craig R. <i>Daniel Webster and the Oratory of Civil Religion.</i> (2005) 300pp</li> <li>Smith, Craig R. "Daniel Webster's July 17th Address: A Mediating Influence in the 1850 Compromise," <i>Quarterly Journal of Speech</i> 71 (August 1985): 349–61.</li> <li>Smith, Craig R. <i>Defender of the Union: The Oratory of Daniel Webster.</i> (1989).</li> <li>Szasz, Ferenc M. "Daniel Webster – Architect of America's 'Civil Religion'," <i>Historical New Hampshire</i> 34 (Fall/Winter 1979): 223–43.</li> <li>Wilson, Major L. "Of Time and the Union: Webster and His Critics in the Crisis of 1850." <i>Civil War History</i> 14 (December 1968): 293–306. ch 1 of Wilson, <i>Space, Time, and Freedom: The Quest for Nationality and the Irrepressible Conflict, 1815–1861</i> (1974) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/14321778#">online edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110518023506/http://www.questia.com/read/14321778">Archived</a> May 18, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Select Speeches of Daniel Webster 1817–1845</i> edited by A. J. George, (1903) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090630174630/https://infomotions.com/etexts/gutenberg/dirs/etext05/7sweb10.htm">online at Project Gutenberg</a>. Contains: Defence of the Kennistons; The Dartmouth College Case; First Settlement of New England; The Bunker Hill Monument; The Reply to Hayne; The Murder of Captain Joseph White; The Constitution Not a Compact Between Sovereign States; Speech at Saratoga; and Eulogy on Mr. Justice Story.</li> <li><i>The works of Daniel Webster</i> edited in 6 vol. by Edward Everett, Boston: Little, Brown and company, 1853. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?sid=92c15815cc33e5443a38fa6ad21dca7b&c=moa&idno=ABK0760.0001.001&view=toc">online edition</a></li> <li>McIntyre, J. W., ed. <i>The Writings and Speeches of Daniel Webster</i>. 18 vols. (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/writingsandspee14evergoog">vol 8 online</a></li> <li>Tefft, B. F., ed. <i>The Speeches of Daniel Webster and His Master-Pieces</i>. Alta ed. Philadelphia, Penn.: Porter and Coates, 1854.</li> <li>Van Tyne, Claude H., ed. <i>The Letters of Daniel Webster, from Documents Owned Principally by the New Hampshire Historical Society</i> (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lettersdanielwe01websgoog">online edition</a></li> <li>Webster, Fletcher, ed. <i>The Private Correspondence of Daniel Webster.</i> 2 vols. 1857. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/58675408">online edition vol 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511033020/http://www.questia.com/read/58675408">Archived</a> May 11, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Wiltse, Charles M., Harold D. Moser, and Kenneth E. Shewmaker (Diplomatic papers), eds., <i>The Papers of Daniel Webster</i>, (1974–1989). Published for Dartmouth College by the University Press of New England. ser. 1. Correspondence: v. 1. 1798–1824. v. 2. 1825–1829. v. 3. 1830–1834. v. 4. 1835–1839. v. 5. 1840–1843. v. 6. 1844–1849. v. 7. 1850–1852 – ser. 2. Legal papers: v. 1. The New Hampshire practice. v. 2. The Boston practice. v. 3. The federal practice (2 v.) – ser. 3. Diplomatic papers: v. 1. 1841–1843. v. 2. 1850–1852 – ser. 4. Speeches and formal writings: v. 1. 1800–1833. v. 2. 1834–1852.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Daniel_Webster" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Daniel Webster">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thedanielwebsterestate.org/">Daniel Webster Estate</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/webster/index.html">Daniel Webster: A Resource Guide</a> from the Library of Congress</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/author/Webster,+Daniel">Works by Daniel Webster</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Webster%2C%20Daniel%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Daniel%20Webster%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Webster%2C%20Daniel%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Daniel%20Webster%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Webster%2C%20D%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Daniel%20Webster%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Webster%2C%20Daniel%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Daniel%20Webster%22%29%20OR%20%28%221782-1852%22%20AND%20Webster%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Daniel Webster</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000303232918/https://216.202.17.223/hwdebate.htm">Webster–Hayne debate, 1830 on nullification & tariff</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?sid=92c15815cc33e5443a38fa6ad21dca7b&c=moa&idno=ABK0760.0001.001&view=toc"><i>The works of Daniel Webster...</i> 6 vol, 1853 edition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?sid=92c15815cc33e5443a38fa6ad21dca7b&c=moa&idno=ABP5165.0001.001&view=toc"><i>The private correspondence of Daniel Webster</i> ed. by Fletcher Webster. 2v 1857 edition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/36988">Portrait of Daniel Webster</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111024043/https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/36988">Archived</a> November 11, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, painted by <a href="/wiki/William_Willard_(painter)" title="William Willard (painter)">William Willard</a> circa 1839–1985</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressW000238" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000238">"Daniel Webster (id: W000238)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Daniel+Webster+%28id%3A+W000238%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DW000238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Webster" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719052345/https://mulibraries.missouri.edu/specialcollections/webster.htm">Daniel Webster Speeches Collection</a> from the University of Missouri Division of Special Collections and Rare Books</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Sullivan_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="George Sullivan (New Hampshire politician)">George Sullivan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from New Hampshire">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="New Hampshire's at-large congressional district">New Hampshire's at-large congressional district</a> </b><br />1813–1817 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Livermore" title="Arthur Livermore">Arthur Livermore</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Benjamin Gorham</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 1st congressional district">Massachusetts's 1st congressional district</a> </b><br />1823–1827 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Benjamin Gorham</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Nelson_(congressman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Nelson (congressman)">Hugh Nelson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">House Judiciary Committee</a> </b><br />1823–1827 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philip_P._Barbour" title="Philip P. Barbour">Philip P. Barbour</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Elijah_H._Mills" title="Elijah H. Mills">Elijah H. Mills</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Massachusetts">U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Massachusetts</a> </b><br />1827–1841 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee" title="Nathaniel Silsbee">Nathaniel Silsbee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_Governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Davis (Massachusetts Governor)">John Davis</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Rufus Choate</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Forsyth (Georgia)">John Forsyth</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Senate Finance Committee</a> </b><br />1833–1836 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Silas_Wright" title="Silas Wright">Silas Wright</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Rufus Choate</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Massachusetts">U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Massachusetts</a> </b><br />1845–1850 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_Governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Davis (Massachusetts Governor)">John Davis</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Winthrop" title="Robert C. Winthrop">Robert C. Winthrop</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">John Forsyth</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> </b><br />1841–1843 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Abel_P._Upshur" title="Abel P. Upshur">Abel P. Upshur</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> </b><br />1850–1852 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Edward Everett</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Secretaries_of_State" title="Template:United States Secretaries of State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Secretaries_of_State" title="Template talk:United States Secretaries of State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Secretaries_of_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Secretaries of State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_secretaries_of_state" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">United States secretaries of state</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a><br />1781–1789</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Livingston" title="Robert R. Livingston">R. Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">Jay</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a><br />1789–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Randolph" title="Edmund Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">J. Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(Cabinet_member)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Smith (Cabinet member)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Livingston" title="Edward Livingston">E. Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_P._Upshur" title="Abel P. Upshur">Upshur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Marcy" title="William L. Marcy">Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_S._Black" title="Jeremiah S. Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_B._Washburne" title="Elihu B. Washburne">Washburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish" title="Hamilton Fish">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Evarts" title="William M. Evarts">Evarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_T._Frelinghuysen" title="Frederick T. Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Foster" title="John W. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Q._Gresham" title="Walter Q. Gresham">Gresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Olney" title="Richard Olney">Olney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Day" title="William R. Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hay" title="John Hay">Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bacon" title="Robert Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philander_C._Knox" title="Philander C. Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lansing" title="Robert Lansing">Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bainbridge_Colby" title="Bainbridge Colby">Colby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Stimson" title="Henry L. Stimson">Stimson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stettinius_Jr." title="Edward Stettinius Jr.">Stettinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">Byrnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">G. Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Acheson" title="Dean Acheson">Acheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">Dulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Herter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Rogers" title="William P. Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Kissinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">Shultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Eagleburger" title="Lawrence Eagleburger">Eagleburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Christopher" title="Warren Christopher">Christopher</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Warren_Christopher_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Warren Christopher as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Albright</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Madeleine_Albright_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Madeleine Albright as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Powell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Colin_Powell_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Colin Powell as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Rice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice%27s_tenure_as_Secretary_of_State" title="Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State">tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Condoleezza_Rice_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Condoleezza Rice as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Clinton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_Secretary_of_State" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State">tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Hillary_Clinton_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Hillary Clinton as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_John_Kerry_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by John Kerry as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Tillerson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Rex_Tillerson_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Rex Tillerson as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Pompeo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Mike_Pompeo_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Mike Pompeo as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Blinken</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Antony_Blinken_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Antony Blinken as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of international trips made by secretaries of state of the United States">List of international trips made by secretaries of state of the United States</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="Template:United States senators from Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:United States senators from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">United States senators from Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tristram_Dalton" title="Tristram Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cabot" title="George Cabot">Cabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mason_(politician)" title="Jonathan Mason (politician)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Lloyd (Massachusetts politician)">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gore" title="Christopher Gore">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_P._Ashmun" title="Eli P. Ashmun">Ashmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prentiss_Mellen" title="Prentiss Mellen">Mellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_H._Mills" title="Elijah H. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Choate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rantoul_Jr." title="Robert Rantoul Jr.">Rantoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Butler" title="William M. Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Lodge Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">J. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_A._Smith_II" title="Benjamin A. Smith II">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">E. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)" title="Scott Brown (politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Strong" title="Caleb Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_(politician)" title="Harrison Gray Otis (politician)">Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Lloyd (Massachusetts politician)">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee" title="Nathaniel Silsbee">Silsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_C._Bates" title="Isaac C. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Rockwell" title="Julius Rockwell">Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_M._Crane" title="Winthrop M. Crane">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">J. Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_A._Coolidge" title="Marcus A. Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Lodge Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Weeks" title="Sinclair Weeks">S. Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_Cowan" title="Mo Cowan">Cowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Finance_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Finance chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Finance_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Finance chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Finance_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Finance chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">United States Senate Committee on Finance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Campbell" title="George W. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayles_Eppes" title="John Wayles Eppes">Eppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Holmes_(Maine_politician)" title="John Holmes (Maine politician)">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lowrie_(politician)" title="Walter Lowrie (politician)">Lowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Wright" title="Silas Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Evans_(American_politician)" title="George Evans (American politician)">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixon_Hall_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixon Hall Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Atherton" title="Charles G. Atherton">Atherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Dickinson" title="Daniel S. Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._T._Hunter" title="Robert M. T. Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pearce" title="James Pearce">Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Voorhees" title="Daniel W. Voorhees">Voorhees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_W._Aldrich" title="Nelson W. Aldrich">Aldrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="Boies Penrose">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._M._Simmons" title="F. M. Simmons">Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="Boies Penrose">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_J._McCumber" title="Porter J. McCumber">McCumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Smoot" title="Reed Smoot">Smoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Harrison" title="Pat Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Millikin" title="Eugene Millikin">Millikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Millikin" title="Eugene Millikin">Millikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Byrd" title="Harry F. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Packwood" title="Bob Packwood">Packwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Moynihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Packwood" title="Bob Packwood">Packwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Roth" title="William Roth">Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Baucus" title="Max Baucus">Baucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Baucus" title="Max Baucus">Baucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Baucus" title="Max Baucus">Baucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Wyden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Wyden</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Template:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts01 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Ames" title="Fisher Ames">F. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Holten" title="Samuel Holten">Holten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson_J._Skinner" title="Thomson J. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bacon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Bacon (Massachusetts politician)">J. Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Quincy_III" title="Josiah Quincy III">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward_Jr." title="Artemas Ward Jr.">Ward Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mason_(politician)" title="Jonathan Mason (politician)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Appleton" title="Nathan Appleton">N. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">A. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fletcher_(American_politician)" title="Richard Fletcher (American politician)">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">A. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Appleton" title="Nathan Appleton">N. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Atkins_Eliot_(politician)" title="Samuel Atkins Eliot (politician)">S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_Scudder" title="Zeno Scudder">Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Eliot" title="Thomas D. Eliot">T. D. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bernard_Hall" title="Robert Bernard Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Eliot" title="Thomas D. Eliot">T. D. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buffington_(politician)" title="James Buffington (politician)">Buffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Crapo" title="William W. Crapo">Crapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Davis" title="Robert T. Davis">R. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Randall" title="Charles S. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_B._Wright" title="Ashley B. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_P._Lawrence" title="George P. Lawrence">G. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_T._Treadway" title="Allen T. Treadway">Treadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Heselton" title="John W. Heselton">Heselton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">Conte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">Olver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Neal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="21" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/100px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/150px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/200px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts02 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyman_(congressman)" title="William Lyman (congressman)">W. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyman_(congressman)" title="William Lyman (congressman)">W. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shepard" title="William Shepard">Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Crowninshield" title="Jacob Crowninshield">J. Crowninshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Pickman_Jr." title="Benjamin Pickman Jr.">Pickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Reed_(politician)" title="William Reed (politician)">W. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee" title="Nathaniel Silsbee">Silsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Barstow" title="Gideon Barstow">Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Williams_Crowninshield" title="Benjamin Williams Crowninshield">B. Crowninshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_C._Phillips" title="Stephen C. Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall_I" title="Leverett Saltonstall I">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._King" title="Daniel P. King">D. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rantoul_Jr." title="Robert Rantoul Jr.">Rantoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_B._Fay" title="Francis B. Fay">Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Crocker" title="Samuel L. Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buffington_(politician)" title="James Buffington (politician)">Buffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakes_Ames" title="Oakes Ames">O. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_W._Harris" title="Benjamin W. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Long" title="John Davis Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_A._Morse" title="Elijah A. Morse">E. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Churchill" title="George B. Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Bowles" title="Henry L. Bowles">Bowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Kirk_Kaynor" title="Will Kirk Kaynor">Kaynor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Granfield" title="William J. Granfield">Granfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Clason" title="Charles R. Clason">Clason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Furcolo" title="Foster Furcolo">Furcolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">Boland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">McGovern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts03 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Gerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearjashub_Bourne" title="Shearjashub Bourne">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Coffin_Jr." title="Peleg Coffin Jr.">Coffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lyman" title="Samuel Lyman">S. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Mattoon" title="Ebenezer Mattoon">Mattoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_Cutler" title="Manasseh Cutler">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_St._Loe_Livermore" title="Edward St. Loe Livermore">Livermore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_White_(politician)" title="Leonard White (politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Varnum" title="John Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayton_P._Osgood" title="Gayton P. Osgood">Osgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Cushing" title="Caleb Cushing">Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Abbott" title="Amos Abbott">A. Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Duncan" title="James H. Duncan">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Wiley_Edmands" title="J. Wiley Edmands">Edmands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Damrell" title="William S. Damrell">Damrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">C. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thomas_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thomas (politician)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">A. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginery_Twichell" title="Ginery Twichell">Twichell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whiting_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William Whiting (Massachusetts politician)">Whiting I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Pierce" title="Henry L. Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbridge_A._Field" title="Walbridge A. Field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Dean" title="Benjamin Dean">B. Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbridge_A._Field" title="Walbridge A. Field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Ranney" title="Ambrose Ranney">Ranney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Andrew" title="John F. Andrew">J. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Thayer" title="John R. Thayer">J. R. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwood_Hoar" title="Rockwood Hoar">R. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Washburn" title="Charles G. Washburn">C. Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Thayer" title="John A. Thayer">J. A. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilder" title="William Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Paige" title="Calvin Paige">Paige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Foss" title="Frank H. Foss">F. Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Casey" title="Joseph E. Casey">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Philbin" title="Philip J. Philbin">Philbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Drinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Donohue" title="Harold Donohue">Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Blute" title="Peter Blute">Blute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">Trahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts04 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 4th congressional district">4th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">L. Lincoln Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Hastings" title="Seth Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Richardson" title="William M. Richardson">W. Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dana_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Samuel Dana (Massachusetts politician)">Dana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asahel_Stearns" title="Asahel Stearns">Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Fuller" title="Timothy Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">E. Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoar" title="Samuel Hoar">Sa. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Parmenter" title="William Parmenter">Parmenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Palfrey" title="John G. Palfrey">Palfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Sabine" title="Lorenzo Sabine">Sabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Walley" title="Samuel H. Walley">Walley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_B._Comins" title="Linus B. Comins">Comins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">A. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_S._Frost" title="Rufus S. Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gardner_Abbott" title="Josiah Gardner Abbott">J. Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Collins_(mayor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Collins (mayor)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._O%27Neil" title="Joseph H. O'Neil">O'Neil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_D._Apsley" title="Lewis D. Apsley">Apsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Weymouth" title="George W. Weymouth">Weymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Q._Tirrell" title="Charles Q. Tirrell">Tirrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Mitchell" title="John Joseph Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilder" title="William Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Winslow" title="Samuel Winslow">Winslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Stobbs" title="George R. Stobbs">Stobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehr_G._Holmes" title="Pehr G. Holmes">P. Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Donohue" title="Harold Donohue">Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Drinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Kennedy III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">Auchincloss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts05 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 5th congressional district">5th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Partridge" title="George Partridge">Partridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearjashub_Bourne" title="Shearjashub Bourne">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Freeman_Jr." title="Nathaniel Freeman Jr.">Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_Williams" title="Lemuel Williams">L. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dwight_(politician)" title="Thomas Dwight (politician)">T. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ely" title="William Ely">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_H._Mills" title="Elijah H. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lathrop" title="Samuel Lathrop">Lathrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Sibley" title="Jonas Sibley">Sibley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">J. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Jr." title="Levi Lincoln Jr.">L. Lincoln Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hudson_(American_politician)" title="Charles Hudson (American politician)">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Charles Allen (Massachusetts politician)">C. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anson_Burlingame" title="Anson Burlingame">Burlingame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Alley" title="John B. Alley">Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Z._Bowman" title="Selwyn Z. Bowman">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_D._Hayden" title="Edward D. Hayden">Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Hoar" title="Sherman Hoar">Sh. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_T._Stevens" title="Moses T. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shadrach_Knox" class="mw-redirect" title="William Shadrach Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_Ames" title="Butler Ames">B. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Rogers" title="John Jacob Rogers">J. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">E. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Bradford_Morse" title="F. Bradford Morse">B. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_W._Cronin" title="Paul W. Cronin">Cronin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">P. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Shannon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Shannon (Massachusetts politician)">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_G._Atkins" title="Chester G. Atkins">Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">Meehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts06 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 6th congressional district">6th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Sr." title="John Reed Sr.">J. Reed Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Smith" title="Josiah Smith">J. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taggart" title="Samuel Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Clesson_Allen" title="Samuel Clesson Allen">S. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Locke (Massachusetts politician)">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_G._Kendall" title="Joseph G. Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grennell_Jr." title="George Grennell Jr.">Grennell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Alvord" title="James C. Alvord">Alvord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmyn_Baker" title="Osmyn Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ashmun" title="George Ashmun">Ashmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Davis" title="George T. Davis">G. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth_Upham" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Wentworth Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Davis_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Timothy Davis (Massachusetts politician)">T. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Alley" title="John B. Alley">Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Perkins_Thompson" title="Charles Perkins Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Loring" title="George B. Loring">Loring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_F._Stone" title="Eben F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Lovering" title="Henry B. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cogswell" title="William Cogswell">Cogswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Moody" title="William Henry Moody">Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Peabody_Gardner" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Peabody Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willfred_W._Lufkin" title="Willfred W. Lufkin">Lufkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Piatt_Andrew" title="A. Piatt Andrew">A.P. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Bates" title="George J. Bates">G. Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Bates" title="William H. Bates">W. Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Harrington" title="Michael J. Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">Mavroules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Torkildsen" title="Peter G. Torkildsen">Torkildsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">Tierney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Moulton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts07 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 7th congressional district">7th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bullock" title="Stephen Bullock">Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_Bishop" title="Phanuel Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum_Mitchell" title="Nahum Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Joseph Barker (Massachusetts politician)">Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Turner_Jr." title="Charles Turner Jr.">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Hulbert" title="John W. Hulbert">Hulbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Shaw_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Shaw (Massachusetts politician)">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Dwight" title="Henry W. Dwight">H. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Clesson_Allen" title="Samuel Clesson Allen">S. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grennell_Jr." title="George Grennell Jr.">Grennell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Rockwell" title="Julius Rockwell">J. Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Brooks" title="George M. Brooks">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_C._Esty" title="Constantine C. Esty">Esty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_R._Hoar" title="Ebenezer R. Hoar">E. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Tarbox" title="John K. Tarbox">Tarbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Russell_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician)">W. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_F._Stone" title="Eben F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cogswell" title="William Cogswell">Cogswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Everett" title="William Everett">W. Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Emerson_Barrett" title="William Emerson Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Roberts" title="Ernest W. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Francis_Phelan" title="Michael Francis Phelan">Phelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Maloney" title="Robert S. Maloney">Maloney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Connery_Jr." title="William P. Connery Jr.">W. Connery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Connery" title="Lawrence J. Connery">L. Connery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Lane" title="Thomas J. Lane">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">Capuano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Pressley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts08 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 8th congressional district">8th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Grout" title="Jonathan Grout">Grout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Ames" title="Fisher Ames">F. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_(politician)" title="Harrison Gray Otis (politician)">Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_Williams" title="Lemuel Williams">L. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_L._Green" title="Isaiah L. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Gardner" title="Gideon Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_L._Green" title="Isaiah L. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabdiel_Sampson" title="Zabdiel Sampson">Sampson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Hobart" title="Aaron Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lathrop" title="Samuel Lathrop">Lathrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_C._Bates" title="Isaac C. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Calhoun" title="William B. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann" title="Horace Mann">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappan_Wentworth" title="Tappan Wentworth">Wentworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_L._Knapp" title="Chauncey L. Knapp">Knapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Train" title="Charles R. Train">Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Denison_Baldwin" class="mw-redirect" title="John Denison Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">G. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._S._Williams" title="John M. S. Williams">J. M. S. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Warren" title="William W. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Claflin" title="William Claflin">Claflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Candler" title="John W. Candler">Candler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Russell_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician)">W Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Herbert_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Herbert Allen">C. H. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_T._Greenhalge" title="Frederic T. Greenhalge">Greenhalge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_T._Stevens" title="Moses T. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._McCall" title="Samuel W. McCall">McCall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Simpson_Deitrick" title="Frederick Simpson Deitrick">Deitrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Dallinger" title="Frederick W. Dallinger">Dallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Irving_Thayer" title="Harry Irving Thayer">H. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Dallinger" title="Frederick W. Dallinger">Dallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Daniel_Healey" title="Arthur Daniel Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angier_Goodwin" title="Angier Goodwin">Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">Kennedy II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">Capuano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Lynch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts09 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 9th congressional district">9th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_Bishop" title="Phanuel Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Dean" title="Josiah Dean">J. Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_Wheaton" title="Laban Wheaton">Wheaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Folger_Jr." title="Walter Folger Jr.">Folger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Dwight" title="Henry W. Dwight">H. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jackson_(Massachusetts_politician,_born_1783)" title="William Jackson (Massachusetts politician, born 1783)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Soden_Hastings" title="William Soden Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Williams (Massachusetts politician)">H. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Hale" title="Artemas Hale">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orin_Fowler" title="Orin Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Little" title="Edward P. Little">Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Witt" title="Alexander De Witt">De Witt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Thayer" title="Eli Thayer">E. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmith_Bailey" title="Goldsmith Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa_Walker" title="Amasa Walker">A. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">W. Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvah_Crocker" title="Alvah Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">G. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Rice" title="William W. Rice">W. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lyman_III" title="Theodore Lyman III">T. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_D._Ely" title="Frederick D. Ely">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Burnett" title="Edward Burnett">Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Candler" title="John W. Candler">Candler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Williams" title="George F. Williams">G. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._O%27Neil" title="Joseph H. O'Neil">O'Neil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Conry" title="Joseph A. Conry">Conry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Keliher" title="John A. Keliher">Keliher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Murray" title="William Francis Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Roberts" title="Ernest W. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvan_T._Fuller" title="Alvan T. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Underhill" title="Charles L. Underhill">Underhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Russell" title="Richard M. Russell">R. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Eliot" title="Thomas H. Eliot">T. H. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_W._Nicholson" title="Donald W. Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Keith" title="Hastings Keith">Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Day_Hicks" title="Louise Day Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">Moakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Keating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts10 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 10th congressional district">10th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sewall_(congressman)" title="Samuel Sewall (congressman)">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Read" title="Nathan Read">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Hastings" title="Seth Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabez_Upham" title="Jabez Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Allen_(congressman)" title="Joseph Allen (congressman)">J. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Brigham" title="Elijah Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_Wheaton" title="Laban Wheaton">Wheaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baylies" title="Francis Baylies">F Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bailey_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Bailey (Massachusetts politician)">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Alexander_Scammell_Dearborn" title="Henry Alexander Scammell Dearborn">H. A. S. Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">W. Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Borden" title="Nathaniel B. Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Williams (Massachusetts politician)">H. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Borden" title="Nathaniel B. Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barker_Burnell" title="Barker Burnell">Burnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grinnell_(politician)" title="Joseph Grinnell (politician)">Grinnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_Scudder" title="Zeno Scudder">Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dickinson" title="Edward Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_C._Chaffee" title="Calvin C. Chaffee">Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Delano" title="Charles Delano">Delano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvah_Crocker" title="Alvah Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Stevens" title="Charles A. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Hawley_Seelye" title="Julius Hawley Seelye">Seelye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa_Norcross" title="Amasa Norcross">Norcross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Rice" title="William W. Rice">W. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Russell" title="John E. Russell">J. E. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McEttrick" title="Michael J. McEttrick">McEttrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Henry_Atwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrison Henry Atwood">Atwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Barrows" title="Samuel J. Barrows">Barrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Naphen" title="Henry F. Naphen">Naphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._McNary" title="William S. McNary">McNary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._O%27Connell" title="Joseph F. O'Connell">O'Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Murray" title="William Francis Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Francis_Tague" title="Peter Francis Tague">Tague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Francis_Tague" title="Peter Francis Tague">Tague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Douglass" title="John J. Douglass">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Tinkham" title="George H. Tinkham">Tinkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Herter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Curtis" title="Laurence Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Heckler" title="Margaret Heckler">Heckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">Studds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">Delahunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Keating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts11 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">11th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Bradbury" title="Theophilus Bradbury">Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailey_Bartlett" title="Bailey Bartlett">Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_Cutler" title="Manasseh Cutler">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stedman" title="William Stedman">Stedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abijah_Bigelow" title="Abijah Bigelow">A. Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Brigham" title="Elijah Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Adams_(politician)" title="Benjamin Adams (politician)">B. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Russell" title="Jonathan Russell">J. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Hobart" title="Aaron Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Richardson_(American_politician)" title="Joseph Richardson (American politician)">J. Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barker_Burnell" title="Barker Burnell">Burnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Trafton" title="Mark Trafton">Trafton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_W._Chapin" title="Chester W. Chapin">Chapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whiting_II" title="William Whiting II">Whiting II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Wallace_(politician)" title="Rodney Wallace (politician)">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_S._Coolidge" title="Frederick S. Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Franklin_Draper_(politician)" title="William Franklin Draper (politician)">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Sprague" title="Charles F. Sprague">Sprague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Powers" title="Samuel L. Powers">Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Andrew_Sullivan" title="John Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_James_Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew James Peters">Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Tinkham" title="George H. Tinkham">Tinkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Douglass" title="John J. Douglass">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Higgins" class="mw-redirect" title="John Patrick Higgins">Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Flaherty" title="Thomas A. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Burke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James A. Burke (Massachusetts politician)">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts12 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 12th congressional district">12th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">H. Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Parker_(Massachusetts_judge)" title="Isaac Parker (Massachusetts judge)">I. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Lee" title="Silas Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Thatcher" title="Samuel Thatcher">S. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson_J._Skinner" title="Thomson J. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Larned" title="Simon Larned">Larned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas_Bidwell" title="Barnabas Bidwell">Bidwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Bacon" title="Ezekiel Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dewey" title="Daniel Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Hulbert" title="John W. Hulbert">Hulbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Strong" title="Solomon Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Kendall" title="Jonas Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Bigelow" title="Lewis Bigelow">L. Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baylies" title="Francis Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Hodges" title="James L. Hodges">Hodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_W._Rockwell_(politician)" title="Francis W. Rockwell (politician)">F. Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crawford_Crosby" title="John Crawford Crosby">Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_A._Morse" title="Elijah A. Morse">E. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Lovering" title="William C. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Powers" title="Samuel L. Powers">Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Gallivan" title="James A. Gallivan">Gallivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Keith" title="Hastings Keith">Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">Studds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts13 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 13th congressional district">13th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Seaver" title="Ebenezer Seaver">Seaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Ruggles" title="Nathaniel Ruggles">Ruggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dowse" title="Edward Dowse">Dowse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Randall" title="Charles S. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simpkins" title="John Simpkins">Simpkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Greene" title="William S. Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Mitchell" title="John Joseph Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Carter" title="William Henry Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Wigglesworth" title="Richard B. Wigglesworth">Wigglesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Burke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James A. Burke (Massachusetts politician)">Burke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts14 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_14th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 14th congressional district">14th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cutts" title="Richard Cutts">Cutts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_King" title="Cyrus King">C. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Holmes_(Maine_politician)" title="John Holmes (Maine politician)">J. Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Lovering" title="William C. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Foss" title="Eugene Foss">E. Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Harris" title="Robert O. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gilmore" title="Edward Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Olney_II" title="Richard Olney II">Olney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_A._Frothingham" title="Louis A. Frothingham">Frothingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Wigglesworth" title="Richard B. Wigglesworth">Wigglesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts15 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_15th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 15th congressional district">15th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ilsley" title="Daniel Ilsley">Ilsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Whitman" title="Ezekiel Whitman">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Widgery" title="William Widgery">Widgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bradbury_(American_politician)" title="George Bradbury (American politician)">Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Whitman" title="Ezekiel Whitman">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Greene" title="William S. Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Leach" title="Robert M. Leach">Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts16 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_16th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 16th congressional district">16th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Thatcher" title="Samuel Thatcher">S. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Cook" title="Orchard Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Tallman" title="Peleg Tallman">Tallman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Davis_(American_politician)" title="Samuel Davis (American politician)">S. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Brown_(politician)" title="Benjamin Brown (politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Orr_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Benjamin Orr (Massachusetts politician)">Orr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Langdon_Hill" title="Mark Langdon Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chandler_Thacher" title="Thomas Chandler Thacher">Thacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Walsh_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Joseph Walsh (Massachusetts politician)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts17 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_17th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 17th congressional district">17th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Bruce" title="Phineas Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chandler" title="John Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barzillai_Gannett" title="Barzillai Gannett">Gannett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Carr_(District_of_Maine_politician)" title="Francis Carr (District of Maine politician)">F. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiel_Wood" title="Abiel Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Carr_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Carr (Massachusetts politician)">J. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Wilson (Massachusetts politician)">Wilson</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kinsley" title="Martin Kinsley">Kinsley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts18 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_18th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 18th congressional district">18th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Wilson (Massachusetts politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rice_(1768)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Rice (1768)">T. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Parker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Parker (Massachusetts politician)">J. Parker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts19 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_19th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 19th congressional district">19th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Parker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Parker (Massachusetts politician)">J. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Conner" title="Samuel S. Conner">Conner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Gage" title="Joshua Gage">Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Cushman" title="Joshua Cushman">Cushman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts20 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_20th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 20th congressional district">20th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Hubbard" title="Levi Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion_Parris" title="Albion Parris">Parris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Lincoln" title="Enoch Lincoln">E. Lincoln</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="MassachusettsAL !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" title="Massachusetts's at-large congressional seat">At-large</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Cobb_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="David Cobb (Massachusetts politician)">Cobb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Judiciary_chairs" title="Template:US House Judiciary chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Judiciary_chairs" title="Template talk:US House Judiciary chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Judiciary_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Judiciary chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">United States House Committee on the Judiciary</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jared_Ingersoll" title="Charles Jared Ingersoll">C. Ingersoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Nelson_(Virginia_politician)" title="Hugh Nelson (Virginia politician)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sergeant_(politician)" title="John Sergeant (politician)">Sergeant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Nelson_(Virginia_politician)" title="Hugh Nelson (Virginia politician)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_P._Barbour" title="Philip P. Barbour">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_R._Davis" title="Warren R. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Flournoy_Foster" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Flournoy Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beardsley" title="Samuel Beardsley">Beardsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Thomas" title="Francis Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sergeant_(politician)" title="John Sergeant (politician)">Sergeant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Barnard" title="Daniel D. Barnard">Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilkins_(American_politician)" title="William Wilkins (American politician)">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulus_Mitchell_Saunders" class="mw-redirect" title="Romulus Mitchell Saunders">Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_O._Rathbun" title="George O. Rathbun">Rathbun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Reed_Ingersoll" title="Joseph Reed Ingersoll">J. Ingersoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Thompson_(jurist)" title="James Thompson (jurist)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Xavier_McLanahan" class="mw-redirect" title="James Xavier McLanahan">McLanahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Perry_Stanton" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Perry Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Simmons" title="George A. Simmons">Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hickman_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="John Hickman (Pennsylvania politician)">Hickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Wilson" title="James F. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bingham" title="John Bingham">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Proctor_Knott" title="J. Proctor Knott">Knott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">T. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_Tucker_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Randolph Tucker (politician)">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">Culberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_B._Taylor" title="Ezra B. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">Culberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Henderson" title="David B. Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Ray" title="George W. Ray">Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Jenkins" title="John J. Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Parker" title="Richard W. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_De_Lamar_Clayton_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Henry De Lamar Clayton Jr.">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Y._Webb" title="Edwin Y. Webb">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Volstead" title="Andrew Volstead">Volstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Scott_Graham" class="mw-redirect" title="George Scott Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatton_W._Sumners" title="Hatton W. Sumners">Sumners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_C._Michener" title="Earl C. Michener">Michener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Celler" title="Emanuel Celler">Celler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_W._Reed" title="Chauncey W. Reed">C. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Celler" title="Emanuel Celler">Celler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_W._Rodino" title="Peter W. Rodino">Rodino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Brooks_(American_politician)" title="Jack Brooks (American politician)">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hyde" title="Henry Hyde">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Sensenbrenner" title="Jim Sensenbrenner">Sensenbrenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">Conyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith" title="Lamar Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Goodlatte" title="Bob Goodlatte">Goodlatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Nadler" title="Jerry Nadler">Nadler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jordan" title="Jim Jordan">Jordan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Republican_and_Whig_Parties" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Template:Whig Party (United States)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Whig Party (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Whig Party (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Republican_and_Whig_Parties" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Parties</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_System_(economic_plan)" title="American System (economic plan)">American System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">American Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1856_American_National_Convention" title="1856 American National Convention">1856 American National Convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1860_Constitutional_Union_Convention" title="1860 Constitutional Union Convention">1860 Constitutional Union Convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_Party_(Northern_U.S.)" title="Opposition Party (Northern U.S.)">Opposition Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Party_(United_States,_1850)" title="Union Party (United States, 1850)">Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Quincy_Adams" title="Presidency of John Quincy Adams">Presidency of John Quincy Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison#Presidency_(1841)" title="William Henry Harrison">Presidency of William Henry Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Tyler" title="Presidency of John Tyler">Presidency of John Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor#Presidency_(1849–1850)" title="Zachary Taylor">Presidency of Zachary Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Millard_Fillmore" title="Presidency of Millard Fillmore">Presidency of Millard Fillmore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_National_Republican_and_Whig_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States National Republican and Whig Party presidential tickets">Presidential<br />tickets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828 (None)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_National_Republican_National_Convention" title="1831 National Republican National Convention">1831 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Sergeant_(politician)" title="John Sergeant (politician)">Sergeant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836 (None)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">Harrison</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Granger" title="Francis Granger">Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">White</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">Tyler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Webster</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Granger" title="Francis Granger">Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_P._Mangum" title="Willie P. Mangum">Mangum</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_Whig_National_Convention" title="1839 Whig National Convention">1839 (Harrisburg)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">Harrison</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Whig_National_Convention" title="1844 Whig National Convention">1844 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a>/<a href="/wiki/Theodore_Frelinghuysen" title="Theodore Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Whig_National_Convention" title="1848 Whig National Convention">1848 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Z. Taylor</a>/<a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Whig_National_Convention" title="1852 Whig National Convention">1852 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Scott</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Graham" title="William Alexander Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Whig_National_Convention" title="1856 Whig National Convention">1856 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Fillmore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Donelson" title="Andrew Jackson Donelson">Donelson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House<br />Speakers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Taylor_(politician)" title="John W. Taylor (politician)">J. Taylor</a> (1825–1827)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._T._Hunter" title="Robert M. T. Hunter">Hunter</a> (1839–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_White_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John White (Kentucky politician)">White</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a> (1847–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a> (1856–1857)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">U.S. Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> (1825–1829)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Webster</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_P._Upshur" title="Abel P. Upshur">Abel P. Upshur</a> (1843–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Webster</a> (1850–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Edward Everett</a> (1852–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Richard Rush</a> (1825–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Forward" title="Walter Forward">Walter Forward</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Canfield_Spencer" title="John Canfield Spencer">John C. Spencer</a> (1843–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">George M. Bibb</a> (1844–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Meredith" title="William M. Meredith">William M. Meredith</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Thomas Corwin</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Barbour" title="James Barbour">James Barbour</a> (1825–1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Buell_Porter" title="Peter Buell Porter">Peter B. Porter</a> (1828–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">John Bell</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Canfield_Spencer" title="John Canfield Spencer">John C. Spencer</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Porter" title="James Madison Porter">James M. Porter</a> (1843–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Crawford" title="George W. Crawford">George W. Crawford</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Magill_Conrad" title="Charles Magill Conrad">Charles M. Conrad</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_(attorney_general)" title="William Wirt (attorney general)">William Wirt</a> (1825–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(lawyer)" title="John Nelson (lawyer)">John Nelson</a> (1843–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Reverdy Johnson</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Southard" title="Samuel L. Southard">Samuel L. Southard</a> (1825–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Edmund_Badger" title="George Edmund Badger">George E. Badger</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_P._Upshur" title="Abel P. Upshur">Abel P. Upshur</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ballard_Preston" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ballard Preston">William B. Preston</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Graham" title="William Alexander Graham">William A. Graham</a> (1850–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Kennedy" title="John P. Kennedy">John P. Kennedy</a> (1852–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean_Thompson_McKennan" title="Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan">Thomas M. T. McKennan</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hugh_Holmes_Stuart" title="Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart">Alexander H. H. Stuart</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_William_Henry_Harrison_(1841)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:William_Henry_Harrison_cabinet" title="Template:William Henry Harrison cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:William_Henry_Harrison_cabinet" title="Template talk:William Henry Harrison cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:William_Henry_Harrison_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:William Henry Harrison cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_William_Henry_Harrison_(1841)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> (1841)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Webster</a> (1841)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/William_Henry_Harrison.jpg/120px-William_Henry_Harrison.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/William_Henry_Harrison.jpg/180px-William_Henry_Harrison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/William_Henry_Harrison.jpg/240px-William_Henry_Harrison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3338" data-file-height="4000" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a> (1841)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">John Bell</a> (1841)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a> (1841)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Granger" title="Francis Granger">Francis Granger</a> (1841)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Edmund_Badger" title="George Edmund Badger">George Edmund Badger</a> (1841)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_John_Tyler_(1841–1845)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tyler_cabinet" title="Template:Tyler cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tyler_cabinet" title="Template talk:Tyler cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tyler_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tyler cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_John_Tyler_(1841–1845)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> (1841–1845)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Webster</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_P._Upshur" title="Abel P. Upshur">Abel P. Upshur</a> (1843–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> (1844–1845)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/John_Tyler.png/100px-John_Tyler.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/John_Tyler.png/150px-John_Tyler.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/John_Tyler.png/200px-John_Tyler.png 2x" data-file-width="1420" data-file-height="2000" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Forward" title="Walter Forward">Walter Forward</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Canfield_Spencer" title="John Canfield Spencer">John Canfield Spencer</a> (1843–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">George M. Bibb</a> (1844–1845)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">John Bell</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Canfield_Spencer" title="John Canfield Spencer">John Canfield Spencer</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Porter" title="James Madison Porter">James Madison Porter</a> (1843–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilkins_(American_politician)" title="William Wilkins (American politician)">William Wilkins</a> (1844–1845)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_S._Legar%C3%A9" title="Hugh S. Legaré">Hugh S. Legaré</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(lawyer)" title="John Nelson (lawyer)">John Nelson</a> (1843–1845)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Granger" title="Francis Granger">Francis Granger</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Wickliffe" title="Charles A. Wickliffe">Charles A. Wickliffe</a> (1841–1845)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Edmund_Badger" title="George Edmund Badger">George Edmund Badger</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_P._Upshur" title="Abel P. Upshur">Abel P. Upshur</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Henshaw_(American_politician)" title="David Henshaw (American politician)">David Henshaw</a> (1843–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Walker_Gilmer" title="Thomas Walker Gilmer">Thomas Walker Gilmer</a> (1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Y._Mason" title="John Y. Mason">John Y. Mason</a> (1844–1845)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Millard_Fillmore_(1850–1853)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fillmore_cabinet" title="Template:Fillmore cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fillmore_cabinet" title="Template talk:Fillmore cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fillmore_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fillmore cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Millard_Fillmore_(1850–1853)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> (1850–1853)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a> (1850)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Webster</a> (1850–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Edward Everett</a> (1852–1853)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Millard_Fillmore.jpg/100px-Millard_Fillmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Millard_Fillmore.jpg/150px-Millard_Fillmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Millard_Fillmore.jpg/200px-Millard_Fillmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2994" data-file-height="3938" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Meredith" title="William M. Meredith">William M. Meredith</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Thomas Corwin</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Crawford" title="George W. Crawford">George W. Crawford</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Magill_Conrad" title="Charles Magill Conrad">Charles Magill Conrad</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Reverdy Johnson</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Collamer" title="Jacob Collamer">Jacob Collamer</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_K._Hall" title="Nathan K. Hall">Nathan K. Hall</a> (1850–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dickinson_Hubbard" title="Samuel Dickinson Hubbard">Samuel Dickinson Hubbard</a> (1852–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Ballard_Preston" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ballard Preston">William Ballard Preston</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Graham" title="William Alexander Graham">William Alexander Graham</a> (1850–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Kennedy" title="John P. Kennedy">John P. Kennedy</a> (1852–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean_Thompson_McKennan" title="Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan">Thomas M. T. McKennan</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hugh_Holmes_Stuart" title="Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart">Alexander H. H. Stuart</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1832)_1836_United_States_presidential_election_(1840_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1836 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1836 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1836 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1832)_1836_United_States_presidential_election_(1840_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">← 1832</a>) <a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">VP nominee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Richard M. Johnson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F0C862;"><b><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">Hugh L. White</a></b></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Webster</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Willie_P._Mangum" title="Willie P. Mangum">Willie P. Mangum</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">VP nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Francis_Granger" title="Francis Granger">Francis Granger</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1836 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1836%E2%80%9337_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1836–37 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836%E2%80%9337_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1836–37 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1844)_1848_United_States_presidential_election_(1852_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1848 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1848 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1848 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1844)_1848_United_States_presidential_election_(1852_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">← 1844</a>) <a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F0C862;"><b><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1848_Whig_National_Convention" title="1848 Whig National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Webster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">William O. Butler</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury">Levi Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CCCC66;"><b><a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1848_Free_Soil_%26_Liberty_national_conventions" title="1848 Free Soil & Liberty national conventions">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Charles F. Adams</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">John P. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reed_Giddings" title="Joshua Reed Giddings">Joshua R. Giddings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1848 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1848_and_1849_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1848 and 1849 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_and_1849_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1848 and 1849 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1848)_1852_United_States_presidential_election_(1856_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1852 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1852 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1852 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1848)_1852_United_States_presidential_election_(1856_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">← 1848</a>) <a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">William R. King</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Marcy" title="William L. Marcy">William L. Marcy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F0C862;"><b><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1852_Whig_National_Convention" title="1852 Whig National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Graham" title="William Alexander Graham">William A. Graham</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bates" title="Edward Bates">Edward Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Rufus Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> (incumbent)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Webster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CCCC66;"><b><a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">John P. Hale</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/George_W._Julian" title="George W. Julian">George W. Julian</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1852 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1852_and_1853_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1852 and 1853 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_and_1853_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1852 and 1853 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans_inductees" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans" title="Template:Hall of Fame for Great Americans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans" title="Template talk:Hall of Fame for Great Americans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hall of Fame for Great Americans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans_inductees" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans" title="Hall of Fame for Great Americans">Hall of Fame for Great Americans</a> inductees</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon">John James Audubon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bancroft" title="George Bancroft">George Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ward_Beecher" title="Henry Ward Beecher">Henry Ward Beecher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boone" title="Daniel Boone">Daniel Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Booth" title="Edwin Booth">Edwin Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Louis Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Brooks" title="Phillips Brooks">Phillips Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" title="William Cullen Bryant">William Cullen Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Burbank" title="Luther Burbank">Luther Burbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" title="George Washington Carver">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ellery_Channing" title="William Ellery Channing">William Ellery Channing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Rufus Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">James Fenimore Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cooper" title="Peter Cooper">Peter Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Cushman" title="Charlotte Cushman">Charlotte Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan_Eads" title="James Buchanan Eads">James Buchanan Eads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Alva Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)" title="Jonathan Edwards (theologian)">Jonathan Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Farragut" title="David Farragut">David Farragut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster" title="Stephen Foster">Stephen Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fulton" title="Robert Fulton">Robert Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs">Josiah W. Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Gorgas" title="William C. Gorgas">William C. Gorgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Gray" title="Asa Gray">Asa Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hopkins_(educator)" title="Mark Hopkins (educator)">Mark Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Howe" title="Elias Howe">Elias Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Thomas J. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones" title="John Paul Jones">John Paul Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kent_(jurist)" title="James Kent (jurist)">James Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lanier" title="Sidney Lanier">Sidney Lanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">James Russell Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_MacDowell" title="Edward MacDowell">Edward MacDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann" title="Horace Mann">Horace Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Fontaine_Maury" title="Matthew Fontaine Maury">Matthew Fontaine Maury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Albert A. Michelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel F. B. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._G._Morton" title="William T. G. Morton">William T. G. Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lothrop_Motley" title="John Lothrop Motley">John Lothrop Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Newcomb" title="Simon Newcomb">Simon Newcomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Freeman_Palmer" title="Alice Freeman Palmer">Alice Freeman Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Parkman" title="Francis Parkman">Francis Parkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Peabody" title="George Peabody">George Peabody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed" title="Walter Reed">Walter Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Saint-Gaudens" title="Augustus Saint-Gaudens">Augustus Saint-Gaudens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa">John Philip Sousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Joseph Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart" title="Gilbert Stuart">Gilbert Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvanus_Thayer" title="Sylvanus Thayer">Sylvanus Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Westinghouse" title="George Westinghouse">George Westinghouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McNeill_Whistler" title="James McNeill Whistler">James McNeill Whistler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Whitney" title="Eli Whitney">Eli Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Greenleaf_Whittier" title="John Greenleaf Whittier">John Greenleaf Whittier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams" title="Roger Williams">Roger Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Orville Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Wilbur Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106231#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106231#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106231#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083521696">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4944460">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/52144/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJycMmP84T3HVwH6XXcwYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118806459">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80034929">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120270205">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120270205">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00771276">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Webster, Daniel <1782-1852>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV219714">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35595975">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kup20030000110282&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069678898">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90120396">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000492129">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=104019">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/jgvz2s222k6jvbz">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810681900305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269772205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14796496">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Daniel Webster"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ce310410-ee13-4a58-9af5-dd149a09230f">MusicBrainz</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/358064">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102733">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000238">US Congress</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1008713">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118806459.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118806459">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/060982020">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10581742">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6s865sc">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6ft8k6w">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&oldid=1258428211">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Webster&oldid=1258428211</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Daniel_Webster" title="Category:Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1782_births" title="Category:1782 births">1782 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1852_deaths" title="Category:1852 deaths">1852 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Salisbury,_New_Hampshire" title="Category:People from Salisbury, New Hampshire">People from Salisbury, New Hampshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_English_descent" title="Category:American people of English descent">American people of English descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_secretaries_of_state" title="Category:United States secretaries of state">United States secretaries of state</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:William_Henry_Harrison_administration_cabinet_members" title="Category:William Henry Harrison administration cabinet members">William Henry Harrison administration cabinet members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tyler_administration_cabinet_members" title="Category:Tyler administration cabinet members">Tyler administration cabinet members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fillmore_administration_cabinet_members" title="Category:Fillmore administration cabinet members">Fillmore administration cabinet members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Federalist_Party_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_New_Hampshire" title="Category:Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New Hampshire">Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New Hampshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Federalist_Party_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Category:Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts">Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Republican_Party_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Category:National Republican Party members of the 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