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Ictidodraco - Wikipedia

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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Extinct genus of therapsids from the Late Permian of South Africa</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Ictidodraco</i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Late_Permian" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Permian">Late Permian</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Ictidodraco" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Synapsida" title="Synapsida">Synapsida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Therapsida" title="Therapsida">Therapsida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Therocephalia" title="Therocephalia">Therocephalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Superfamily: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Baurioidea" title="Baurioidea">Baurioidea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Ictidodraco</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Robert_Broom" title="Robert Broom">Broom</a> and Robinson, <a href="/wiki/1948_in_paleontology" title="1948 in paleontology">1948</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><b>Ictidodraco longiceps</b></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Broom and Robinson, 1948</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Ictidodraco</b></i> is an extinct <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Therocephalian" class="mw-redirect" title="Therocephalian">therocephalian</a> <a href="/wiki/Therapsid" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapsid">therapsids</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Late_Permian" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Permian">Late Permian</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> <i>Ictidodraco longiceps</i> was named by South African paleontologists <a href="/wiki/Robert_Broom" title="Robert Broom">Robert Broom</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_T._Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="John T. Robinson">John T. Robinson</a> in 1948 from the <a href="/wiki/Cistecephalus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone"><i>Cistecephalus</i> Assemblage Zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BR48_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR48-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Ictidodraco</i> was once classified as a <a href="/wiki/Scaloposauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaloposauria">scaloposaurian</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Silpholestidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Silpholestidae">Silpholestidae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WR56_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WR56-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Scaloposauria and Silpholestidae are no longer regarded as valid groups, and <i>Ictidodraco</i> is now classified as a <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> <a href="/wiki/Baurioidea" title="Baurioidea">Baurioidea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ARH08_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARH08-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ictidodraco&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ictidodraco</i> is a small therocephalian with a long, pointed snout. It has large <a href="/wiki/Orbit_(anatomy)" title="Orbit (anatomy)">orbits</a> or eye sockets that are enclosed by complete postorbital bars at the back margin of the sockets. The temporal openings behind the orbits are relatively small. At the top of the skull, between the two temporal openings, the <a href="/wiki/Parietal_bone" title="Parietal bone">parietal</a> region is wide. Unlike those of other therocephalians, the parietal does not form a distinctive <a href="/wiki/Sagittal_crest" title="Sagittal crest">sagittal crest</a>. </p><p>As in other advanced therocephalians <i>Ictidodraco</i> has a small <a href="/wiki/Secondary_palate" title="Secondary palate">secondary palate</a>. A secondary palate is a <a href="/wiki/Synapomorphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapomorphy">derived</a> feature that gives advanced therocephalians a very mammal-like appearance, although it developed independently in the group as a result of <a href="/wiki/Convergent_evolution" title="Convergent evolution">convergence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AOM_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AOM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ictidodraco&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BR48-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BR48_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBroomRobinson,_J.T.1948" class="citation journal cs1">Broom, R.; Robinson, J.T. (1948). "On some small carnivorous mammal-like reptiles". <i>Special Publications of the Royal Society of South Africa</i>. <b>39</b>: 29–44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Special+Publications+of+the+Royal+Society+of+South+Africa&amp;rft.atitle=On+some+small+carnivorous+mammal-like+reptiles&amp;rft.volume=39&amp;rft.pages=29-44&amp;rft.date=1948&amp;rft.aulast=Broom&amp;rft.aufirst=R.&amp;rft.au=Robinson%2C+J.T.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIctidodraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WR56-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WR56_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatsonRomer,_A.S.1956" class="citation journal cs1">Watson, D.M.S.; Romer, A.S. (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cbarchive_48222_1956aclassificationoftherapsid1863/1956aclassificationoftherapsid1863#page/n41/mode/2up">"A classification of therapsid reptiles"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology</i>. <b>114</b> (2): 37–89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Museum+of+Comparative+Zoology&amp;rft.atitle=A+classification+of+therapsid+reptiles&amp;rft.volume=114&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=37-89&amp;rft.date=1956&amp;rft.aulast=Watson&amp;rft.aufirst=D.M.S.&amp;rft.au=Romer%2C+A.S.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcbarchive_48222_1956aclassificationoftherapsid1863%2F1956aclassificationoftherapsid1863%23page%2Fn41%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIctidodraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARH08-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ARH08_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdalaRubidge,_B._S.Heever,_J._A._van_den2008" class="citation journal cs1">Abdala, F.; Rubidge, B. S.; Heever, J. A. van den (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-4983.2008.00784.x">"The oldest therocephalians (Therapsida, Eutheriodontia) and the early diversification of Therapsida"</a>. <i>Palaeontology</i>. <b>51</b> (4): 1011–1024. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-4983.2008.00784.x">10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00784.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Palaeontology&amp;rft.atitle=The+oldest+therocephalians+%28Therapsida%2C+Eutheriodontia%29+and+the+early+diversification+of+Therapsida&amp;rft.volume=51&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=1011-1024&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1475-4983.2008.00784.x&amp;rft.aulast=Abdala&amp;rft.aufirst=F.&amp;rft.au=Rubidge%2C+B.+S.&amp;rft.au=Heever%2C+J.+A.+van+den&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1475-4983.2008.00784.x&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIctidodraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AOM-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AOM_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://age-of-mammals.ucoz.ru/index/ictidodraco/0-127">"<i>Ictidodraco</i>"</a>. <i>Age of Mammals</i>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Therocephalia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Therocephalia" title="Template:Therocephalia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Therocephalia" title="Template talk:Therocephalia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Therocephalia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Therocephalia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Therocephalia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Therocephalia" title="Therocephalia">Therocephalia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Clade:_Synapsida_*_Clade:_Therapsida_*_Clade:_Eutheriodontia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Synapsida" title="Synapsida">Synapsida</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Therapsida" title="Therapsida">Therapsida</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Eutheriodontia" title="Eutheriodontia">Eutheriodontia</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Synapsida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Synapsida" title="Synapsida">Synapsida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Synapsida" title="Template:Synapsida">Synapsida</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Therocephalia" title="Therocephalia">Therocephalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Therocephalia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Therocephalia" title="Therocephalia">Therocephalia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Therocephalia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Therocephalia" title="Therocephalia">Therocephalia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorynychus" title="Gorynychus">Gorynychus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Porosteognathus" title="Porosteognathus">Porosteognathus</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cynodontia" title="Cynodontia">Cynodontia</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lycosuchidae" title="Lycosuchidae">Lycosuchidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lycosuchus" title="Lycosuchus">Lycosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simorhinella" title="Simorhinella">Simorhinella</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scylacosauridae" title="Scylacosauridae">Scylacosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alopecodon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alopecodon (page does not exist)">Alopecodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alopecognathus" title="Alopecognathus">Alopecognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biarmosuchoides" title="Biarmosuchoides">Biarmosuchoides</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eutheriodon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eutheriodon (page does not exist)">Eutheriodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glanosuchus" title="Glanosuchus">Glanosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyorhynchus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyorhynchus (page does not exist)">Hyorhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Julognathus" title="Julognathus">Julognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koksharovia" title="Koksharovia">Koksharovia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maraisaurus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maraisaurus (page does not exist)">Maraisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pardosuchus" title="Pardosuchus">Pardosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pristerognathus" title="Pristerognathus">Pristerognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scylacosaurus" title="Scylacosaurus">Scylacosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Eutherocephalia" title="Eutherocephalia">Eutherocephalia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caodeyao" title="Caodeyao">Caodeyao</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotelcephalon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotelcephalon (page does not exist)">Kotelcephalon</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanictidops" title="Nanictidops">Nanictidops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perplexisaurus" title="Perplexisaurus">Perplexisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purlovia" title="Purlovia">Purlovia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scylacosuchus" title="Scylacosuchus">Scylacosuchus</a></i>?</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cynodontia" title="Cynodontia">Cynodontia</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chthonosauridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chthonosauridae">Chthonosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chthonosaurus" title="Chthonosaurus">Chthonosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ichibengops" title="Ichibengops">Ichibengops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Akidnognathidae" title="Akidnognathidae">Akidnognathidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Akidnognathus" title="Akidnognathus">Akidnognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annatherapsidus" title="Annatherapsidus">Annatherapsidus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerdosuchoides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerdosuchoides (page does not exist)">Cerdosuchoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euchambersia" title="Euchambersia">Euchambersia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jiufengia" title="Jiufengia">Jiufengia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moschorhinus" title="Moschorhinus">Moschorhinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notaelurodon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Notaelurodon (page does not exist)">Notaelurodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Olivierosuchus" title="Olivierosuchus">Olivierosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Promoschorhynchus" title="Promoschorhynchus">Promoschorhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiguaignathus" title="Shiguaignathus">Shiguaignathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zorillodontops" title="Zorillodontops">Zorillodontops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaitsioidea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Whaitsioidea (page does not exist)">Whaitsioidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophidostoma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ophidostoma (page does not exist)">Ophidostoma</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hofmeyriidae" title="Hofmeyriidae">Hofmeyriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorochovetzia" title="Gorochovetzia">Gorochovetzia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hofmeyria" title="Hofmeyria">Hofmeyria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ictidostoma" title="Ictidostoma">Ictidostoma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirotenthes" title="Mirotenthes">Mirotenthes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Whaitsiidae" title="Whaitsiidae">Whaitsiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dalongkoua" title="Dalongkoua">Dalongkoua</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ictidochampsa" title="Ictidochampsa">Ictidochampsa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megawhaitsia" title="Megawhaitsia">Megawhaitsia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microwhaitsia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Microwhaitsia (page does not exist)">Microwhaitsia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moschowhaitsia" title="Moschowhaitsia">Moschowhaitsia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theriognathus" title="Theriognathus">Theriognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viatkosuchus" title="Viatkosuchus">Viatkosuchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baurioidea" title="Baurioidea">Baurioidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scylacosaurus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scylacosaurus sclateri"><img alt="Scylacosaurus sclateri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Scylacosaurus.jpg/100px-Scylacosaurus.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Scylacosaurus.jpg/150px-Scylacosaurus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Scylacosaurus.jpg/200px-Scylacosaurus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="699" /></a></span> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moschorhinus_DB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moschorhinus kitchingi"><img alt="Moschorhinus kitchingi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Moschorhinus_DB.jpg/100px-Moschorhinus_DB.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Moschorhinus_DB.jpg/150px-Moschorhinus_DB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Moschorhinus_DB.jpg/200px-Moschorhinus_DB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> </p> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viatkosuchus_sumini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viatkosuchus sumini"><img alt="Viatkosuchus sumini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Viatkosuchus_sumini.jpg/100px-Viatkosuchus_sumini.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Viatkosuchus_sumini.jpg/150px-Viatkosuchus_sumini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Viatkosuchus_sumini.jpg/200px-Viatkosuchus_sumini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5045" data-file-height="2867" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Baurioidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Baurioidea" title="Baurioidea">Baurioidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Baurioidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Baurioidea" title="Baurioidea">Baurioidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Homodontosaurus" title="Homodontosaurus">Homodontosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Icticephalus" title="Icticephalus">Icticephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ictidodon" title="Ictidodon">Ictidodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ictidodraco</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ictidognathus" title="Ictidognathus">Ictidognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ictidosuchoides" title="Ictidosuchoides">Ictidosuchoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ictidosuchops" title="Ictidosuchops">Ictidosuchops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ictidosuchus" title="Ictidosuchus">Ictidosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jiucaiyuangnathus" title="Jiucaiyuangnathus">Jiucaiyuangnathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macroscelesaurus" title="Macroscelesaurus">Macroscelesaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malasaurus" title="Malasaurus">Malasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muchia" title="Muchia">Muchia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanictocephalus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanictocephalus (page does not exist)">Nanictocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polycynodon" title="Polycynodon">Polycynodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhigosaurus" title="Rhigosaurus">Rhigosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scalopocephalus" title="Scalopocephalus">Scalopocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scalopodon" title="Scalopodon">Scalopodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scalopodontes" title="Scalopodontes">Scalopodontes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scalopolacerta" title="Scalopolacerta">Scalopolacerta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scaloporhinus" title="Scaloporhinus">Scaloporhinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scaloposuchus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Scaloposuchus (page does not exist)">Scaloposuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silphictidoides" title="Silphictidoides">Silphictidoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silpholestes" title="Silpholestes">Silpholestes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yikezhaogia" title="Yikezhaogia">Yikezhaogia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karenitidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Karenitidae">Karenitidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Karenites" title="Karenites">Karenites</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mupashi" title="Mupashi">Mupashi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lycideopidae" title="Lycideopidae">Lycideopidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Choerosaurus" title="Choerosaurus">Choerosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lycideops" title="Lycideops">Lycideops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tetracynodon" title="Tetracynodon">Tetracynodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regisauridae" title="Regisauridae">Regisauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Regisaurus" title="Regisaurus">Regisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Urumchia" title="Urumchia">Urumchia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bauriamorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauriamorpha">Bauriamorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hazhenia" title="Hazhenia">Hazhenia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nothogomphodon" title="Nothogomphodon">Nothogomphodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notictoides" title="Notictoides">Notictoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ordosiodon" title="Ordosiodon">Ordosiodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scaloposaurus" title="Scaloposaurus">Scaloposaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ericiolacertidae" title="Ericiolacertidae">Ericiolacertidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ericiolacerta" title="Ericiolacerta">Ericiolacerta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedaeosaurus" title="Pedaeosaurus">Pedaeosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silphedosuchus" title="Silphedosuchus">Silphedosuchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bauriidae" title="Bauriidae">Bauriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antecosuchus" title="Antecosuchus">Antecosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bauria" title="Bauria">Bauria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microgomphodon" title="Microgomphodon">Microgomphodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scalopognathus" title="Scalopognathus">Scalopognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traversodontoides" title="Traversodontoides">Traversodontoides</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regisaurus1DB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regisaurus jacobi"><img alt="Regisaurus jacobi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Regisaurus1DB.jpg/100px-Regisaurus1DB.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Regisaurus1DB.jpg/150px-Regisaurus1DB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Regisaurus1DB.jpg/200px-Regisaurus1DB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="780" /></a></span> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sesamodon1%D0%92%D0%98.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Microgomphodon oligocynus"><img alt="Microgomphodon oligocynus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sesamodon1%D0%92%D0%98.jpg/100px-Sesamodon1%D0%92%D0%98.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sesamodon1%D0%92%D0%98.jpg/150px-Sesamodon1%D0%92%D0%98.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sesamodon1%D0%92%D0%98.jpg/200px-Sesamodon1%D0%92%D0%98.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="749" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Nomina_dubia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">Nomina dubia</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alopecorhinus" title="Alopecorhinus">Alopecorhinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arnognathus" title="Arnognathus">Arnognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blattoidealestes" title="Blattoidealestes">Blattoidealestes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dongusaurus" title="Dongusaurus">Dongusaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyaenasuchus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyaenasuchus (page does not exist)">Hyaenasuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ictidoparia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ictidoparia (page does not exist)">Ictidoparia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ictidosaurus" title="Ictidosaurus">Ictidosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scymnosaurus" title="Scymnosaurus">Scymnosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamboeria" title="Tamboeria">Tamboeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trochorhinus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Trochorhinus (page does not exist)">Trochorhinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trochosaurus" title="Trochosaurus">Trochosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trochosuchus" title="Trochosuchus">Trochosuchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Therocephalia" title="Category:Therocephalia">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geology_of_South_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geology_of_South_Africa" title="Template:Geology of South Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geology_of_South_Africa" title="Template talk:Geology of South Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geology_of_South_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geology of South Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geology_of_South_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_South_Africa" title="Geology of South Africa">Geology of South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geological_formations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geological formations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fossiliferous_stratigraphic_units_in_South_Africa" title="List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa">List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palaeoarchaean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushveld_Igneous_Complex" title="Bushveld Igneous Complex">Bushveld Igneous Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_Tree_Formation" title="Fig Tree Formation">Fig Tree Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komatii_Formation" title="Komatii Formation">Komatii Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodies_Group" title="Moodies Group">Moodies Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onverwacht_Group" title="Onverwacht Group">Onverwacht Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Supergroup" title="Transvaal Supergroup">Transvaal Supergroup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paleozoic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Carboniferous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwyka_Group" title="Dwyka Group">Dwyka Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganigobis_Formation" title="Ganigobis Formation">Ganigobis Formation</a></li></ul></li> <li>Devonian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokkeveld_Group" title="Bokkeveld Group">Bokkeveld Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_Mountain_Sandstone" title="Table Mountain Sandstone">Table Mountain Sandstone</a></li></ul></li> <li>Permian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrahamskraal_Formation" title="Abrahamskraal Formation">Abrahamskraal Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfour_Formation" title="Balfour Formation">Balfour Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwyka_Group" title="Dwyka Group">Dwyka Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganigobis_Formation" title="Ganigobis Formation">Ganigobis Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teekloof_Formation" title="Teekloof Formation">Teekloof Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehill_Formation" title="Whitehill Formation">Whitehill Formation</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ordovician <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soom_Shale" title="Soom Shale">Soom Shale</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesozoic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cretaceous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uitenhage_Group" title="Uitenhage Group">Uitenhage Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffelskloof_Formation" title="Buffelskloof Formation">Buffelskloof Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enon_Formation" title="Enon Formation">Enon Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwood_Formation" title="Kirkwood Formation">Kirkwood Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundays_River_Formation" title="Sundays River Formation">Sundays River Formation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Deposits" title="Kalahari Deposits">Kalahari Deposits</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Jurassic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drakensberg_Group" title="Drakensberg Group">Drakensberg Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enon_Formation" title="Enon Formation">Enon Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uitenhage_Group" title="Uitenhage Group">Uitenhage Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoo_Supergroup" title="Karoo Supergroup">Karoo Supergroup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Group" title="Beaufort Group">Beaufort Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrahamskraal_Formation" title="Abrahamskraal Formation">Abrahamskraal Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfour_Formation" title="Balfour Formation">Balfour Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katberg_Formation" title="Katberg Formation">Katberg Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleton_Formation" title="Middleton Formation">Middleton Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teekloof_Formation" title="Teekloof Formation">Teekloof Formation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwyka_Group" title="Dwyka Group">Dwyka Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecca_Group" title="Ecca Group">Ecca Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whitehill_Formation" title="Whitehill Formation">Whitehill Formation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormberg_Group" title="Stormberg Group">Stormberg Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushveld_Sandstone" title="Bushveld Sandstone">Bushveld Sandstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarens_Formation" title="Clarens Formation">Clarens Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Formation" title="Elliot Formation">Elliot Formation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Triassic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Formation" title="Elliot Formation">Elliot Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katberg_Formation" title="Katberg Formation">Katberg Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molteno_Formation" title="Molteno Formation">Molteno Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandien_Formation" title="Normandien Formation">Normandien Formation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cenozoic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algoa_Group" title="Algoa Group">Algoa Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tectonics_and_orogeny" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">‎Tectonics and orogeny</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algoa_Basin" title="Algoa Basin">Algoa Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Fold_Belt" title="Cape Fold Belt">Cape Fold Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellisras_Basin" title="Ellisras Basin">Ellisras Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondwanide_orogeny" title="Gondwanide orogeny">Gondwanide orogeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaapvaal_Craton" title="Kaapvaal Craton">Kaapvaal Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Craton" title="Kalahari Craton">Kalahari Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhonjwa_Mountains" title="Makhonjwa Mountains">Makhonjwa Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectonic_evolution_of_the_Barberton_greenstone_belt" title="Tectonic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt">Tectonic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis_Orogen" title="Terra Australis Orogen">Terra Australis Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Basin" title="Transvaal Basin">Transvaal Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witteberg" title="Witteberg">Witteberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Witwatersrand Basin">Witwatersrand Basin</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volcanism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_South_Africa" title="List of volcanoes in South Africa">List of volcanoes in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilanesberg" title="Pilanesberg">Pilanesberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilanesberg_Game_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilanesberg Game Reserve">Pilanesberg Game Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Islands" title="Prince Edward Islands">Prince Edward Islands</a></li> <li>Diatremes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Hole" title="Big Hole">Big Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finsch_diamond_mine" title="Finsch diamond mine">Finsch diamond mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagersfontein_Mine" title="Jagersfontein Mine">Jagersfontein Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koffiefontein_mine" title="Koffiefontein mine">Koffiefontein mine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barberton_Greenstone_Belt" title="Barberton Greenstone Belt">Barberton Greenstone Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drakensberg" title="Drakensberg">Drakensberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoo-Ferrar" title="Karoo-Ferrar">Karoo-Ferrar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_South_Africa" title="List of earthquakes in South Africa">Earthquakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1620_Robben_Island_earthquake" title="1620 Robben Island earthquake">1620 Robben Island earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Tulbagh_earthquake" title="1969 Tulbagh earthquake">1969 Tulbagh earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Mozambique_earthquake" title="2006 Mozambique earthquake">2006 Mozambique earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Orkney_earthquake" title="2014 Orkney earthquake">2014 Orkney earthquake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact craters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalkkop_crater" title="Kalkkop crater">Kalkkop crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morokweng_impact_structure" title="Morokweng impact structure">Morokweng impact structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tswaing_crater" title="Tswaing crater">Tswaing crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vredefort_impact_structure" title="Vredefort impact structure">Vredefort impact structure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meteorites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bellsbank_meteorite" title="Bellsbank meteorite">Bellsbank meteorite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mineral_deposits" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">‎Mineral deposits</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimberlite" title="Kimberlite">Kimberlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merensky_Reef" title="Merensky Reef">Merensky Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand" title="Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banket_(mining_term)" title="Banket (mining term)">Banket (mining term)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_South_Africa" title="Coal in South Africa">Coal in South Africa</a></li> <li>Iron ore in Africa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_in_Africa" title="Platinum in Africa">Platinum in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium_in_Africa" title="Titanium in Africa">Titanium in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_in_Africa" title="Uranium in Africa">Uranium in Africa</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minerals_Council_South_Africa" title="Minerals Council South Africa">Minerals Council South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Mineral_Resources_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Mineral Resources (South Africa)">Department of Mineral Resources (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Mineral_Resources_and_Energy" title="Department of Mineral Resources and Energy">Department of Mineral Resources and Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Paleontology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Paleontology‎</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fossiliferous_stratigraphic_units_in_South_Africa" title="List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa">List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archean_life_in_the_Barberton_Greenstone_Belt" title="Archean life in the Barberton Greenstone Belt">Archean life in the Barberton Greenstone Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Farm_lagerst%C3%A4tte" title="Waterloo Farm lagerstätte">Waterloo Farm lagerstätte</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ordovician</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notiodella" title="Notiodella">Notiodella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychopterella" title="Onychopterella">Onychopterella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promissum" title="Promissum">Promissum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soomaspis" title="Soomaspis">Soomaspis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Devonian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanaspis" title="Africanaspis">Africanaspis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctilamna" title="Antarctilamna">Antarctilamna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bainella" title="Bainella">Bainella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deltacephalaspis" title="Deltacephalaspis">Deltacephalaspis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplacanthus" title="Diplacanthus">Diplacanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondwanascorpio" title="Gondwanascorpio">Gondwanascorpio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscomyzon" title="Priscomyzon">Priscomyzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serenichthys" title="Serenichthys">Serenichthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutusius" title="Tutusius">Tutusius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umzantsia" title="Umzantsia">Umzantsia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carboniferous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dadoxylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadoxylon">Dadoxylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepidodendron" title="Lepidodendron">Lepidodendron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Permian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdalodon" title="Abdalodon">Abdalodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopecognathus" title="Alopecognathus">Alopecognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anomocephalus" title="Anomocephalus">Anomocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilodon" title="Basilodon">Basilodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulbasaurus" title="Bulbasaurus">Bulbasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charassognathus" title="Charassognathus">Charassognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistecephaloides" title="Cistecephaloides">Cistecephaloides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crapartinella" class="mw-redirect" title="Crapartinella">Crapartinella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynosaurus" title="Cynosaurus">Cynosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicynodontoides" title="Dicynodontoides">Dicynodontoides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diictodon" title="Diictodon">Diictodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinanomodon" title="Dinanomodon">Dinanomodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinogorgon" title="Dinogorgon">Dinogorgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwykaselachus" title="Dwykaselachus">Dwykaselachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endothiodon" title="Endothiodon">Endothiodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunotosaurus" title="Eunotosaurus">Eunotosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galechirus" title="Galechirus">Galechirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glanosuchus" title="Glanosuchus">Glanosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossopteris" title="Glossopteris">Glossopteris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hofmeyria" title="Hofmeyria">Hofmeyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictidognathus" title="Ictidognathus">Ictidognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictidosuchoides" title="Ictidosuchoides">Ictidosuchoides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepidodendron" title="Lepidodendron">Lepidodendron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycosuchus" title="Lycosuchus">Lycosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesosaurus" title="Mesosaurus">Mesosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moschops" title="Moschops">Moschops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odontocyclops" title="Odontocyclops">Odontocyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procynosuchus" title="Procynosuchus">Procynosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylacosaurus" title="Scylacosaurus">Scylacosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scymnosaurus" title="Scymnosaurus">Scymnosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simorhinella" title="Simorhinella">Simorhinella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereosternum" title="Stereosternum">Stereosternum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theriognathus" title="Theriognathus">Theriognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thliptosaurus" title="Thliptosaurus">Thliptosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trochosaurus" title="Trochosaurus">Trochosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngina" title="Youngina">Youngina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beaufort Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aelurosaurus" title="Aelurosaurus">Aelurosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anomocephalus" title="Anomocephalus">Anomocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilodon" title="Basilodon">Basilodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blattoidealestes" title="Blattoidealestes">Blattoidealestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachyprosopus" title="Brachyprosopus">Brachyprosopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomistega" title="Broomistega">Broomistega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistecephaloides" title="Cistecephaloides">Cistecephaloides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choerosaurus" title="Choerosaurus">Choerosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clelandina" title="Clelandina">Clelandina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colobodectes" title="Colobodectes">Colobodectes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compsodon" title="Compsodon">Compsodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptocynodon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptocynodon">Cryptocynodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynariognathus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynariognathus">Cynariognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynosaurus" title="Cynosaurus">Cynosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diictodon" title="Diictodon">Diictodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinanomodon" title="Dinanomodon">Dinanomodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eodicynodon" title="Eodicynodon">Eodicynodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eohyosaurus" title="Eohyosaurus">Eohyosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emyduranus" class="mw-redirect" title="Emyduranus">Emyduranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchambersia" title="Euchambersia">Euchambersia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homodontosaurus" title="Homodontosaurus">Homodontosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icticephalus" title="Icticephalus">Icticephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictidochampsa" title="Ictidochampsa">Ictidochampsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictidodon" title="Ictidodon">Ictidodon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ictidodraco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictidostoma" title="Ictidostoma">Ictidostoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanostegus" title="Lanthanostegus">Lanthanostegus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontosaurus" title="Leontosaurus">Leontosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepidodendron" title="Lepidodendron">Lepidodendron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycideops" title="Lycideops">Lycideops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macroscelesaurus" title="Macroscelesaurus">Macroscelesaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moschorhinus" title="Moschorhinus">Moschorhinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paliguana" title="Paliguana">Paliguana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelictosuchus" title="Pelictosuchus">Pelictosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycynodon" title="Polycynodon">Polycynodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pristerodon" title="Pristerodon">Pristerodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pristerognathoides" class="mw-redirect" title="Pristerognathoides">Pristerognathoides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pristerognathus" title="Pristerognathus">Pristerognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procolophon" title="Procolophon">Procolophon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoschorhynchus" title="Promoschorhynchus">Promoschorhynchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalopocephalus" title="Scalopocephalus">Scalopocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silpholestes" title="Silpholestes">Silpholestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamboeria" title="Tamboeria">Tamboeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranocentrodon" title="Uranocentrodon">Uranocentrodon</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Assemblages" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Assemblages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cistecephalus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone">Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daptocephalus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone">Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eodicynodon_Assemblage_Zone" title="Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone">Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pristerognathus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone">Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapinocephalus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone">Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropidostoma_Assemblage_Zone" title="Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone">Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Triassic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batrachosuchus" title="Batrachosuchus">Batrachosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blikanasaurus" title="Blikanasaurus">Blikanasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolotridon" title="Bolotridon">Bolotridon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynognathus" title="Cynognathus">Cynognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diademodon" title="Diademodon">Diademodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinanomodon" title="Dinanomodon">Dinanomodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliotherium" title="Elliotherium">Elliotherium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericiolacerta" title="Ericiolacerta">Ericiolacerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythrosuchus" title="Erythrosuchus">Erythrosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythrotherium" title="Erythrotherium">Erythrotherium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucnemesaurus" title="Eucnemesaurus">Eucnemesaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euskelosaurus" title="Euskelosaurus">Euskelosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galesaurus" title="Galesaurus">Galesaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howesia" title="Howesia">Howesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictidosuchoides" title="Ictidosuchoides">Ictidosuchoides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannemeyeria" title="Kannemeyeria">Kannemeyeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepidodendron" title="Lepidodendron">Lepidodendron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydekkerina" title="Lydekkerina">Lydekkerina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lystrosaurus" title="Lystrosaurus">Lystrosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanorosaurus" title="Melanorosaurus">Melanorosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesosuchus" title="Mesosuchus">Mesosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microgomphodon" title="Microgomphodon">Microgomphodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropholis_(amphibian)" title="Micropholis (amphibian)">Micropholis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myosaurus" title="Myosaurus">Myosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noteosuchus" title="Noteosuchus">Noteosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivierosuchus" title="Olivierosuchus">Olivierosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orosaurus" title="Orosaurus">Orosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentasaurus" title="Pentasaurus">Pentasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateosauravus" title="Plateosauravus">Plateosauravus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platycraniellus" title="Platycraniellus">Platycraniellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procolophon" title="Procolophon">Procolophon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progalesaurus" title="Progalesaurus">Progalesaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolacerta" title="Prolacerta">Prolacerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proterosuchus" title="Proterosuchus">Proterosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptychoceratodus" title="Ptychoceratodus">Ptychoceratodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regisaurus" title="Regisaurus">Regisaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaloposaurus" title="Scaloposaurus">Scaloposaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scymnosaurus" title="Scymnosaurus">Scymnosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shansiodon" title="Shansiodon">Shansiodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracynodon" title="Tetracynodon">Tetracynodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrinaxodon" title="Thrinaxodon">Thrinaxodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trirachodon" title="Trirachodon">Trirachodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufudocyclops" title="Ufudocyclops">Ufudocyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorillodontops" title="Zorillodontops">Zorillodontops</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Assemblages" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Assemblages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynognathus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Cynognathus Assemblage Zone">Cynognathus Assemblage Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lystrosaurus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone">Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jurassic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardonyx" title="Aardonyx">Aardonyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abrictosaurus" title="Abrictosaurus">Abrictosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antetonitrus" title="Antetonitrus">Antetonitrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcusaurus" title="Arcusaurus">Arcusaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelophysis" title="Coelophysis">Coelophysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelophysis_rhodesiensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coelophysis rhodesiensis">Coelophysis rhodesiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dracovenator" title="Dracovenator">Dracovenator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eocursor" title="Eocursor">Eocursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythrotherium" title="Erythrotherium">Erythrotherium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrosaurus" title="Fabrosaurus">Fabrosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geranosaurus" title="Geranosaurus">Geranosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigantoscelus" title="Gigantoscelus">Gigantoscelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gryponyx" title="Gryponyx">Gryponyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyposaurus" title="Gyposaurus">Gyposaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterodontosaurus" title="Heterodontosaurus">Heterodontosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ledumahadi" title="Ledumahadi">Ledumahadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesothosaurus" title="Lesothosaurus">Lesothosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litargosuchus" title="Litargosuchus">Litargosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycorhinus" title="Lycorhinus">Lycorhinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massospondylus" title="Massospondylus">Massospondylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngwevu" title="Ngwevu">Ngwevu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegomastax" title="Pegomastax">Pegomastax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptychoceratodus" title="Ptychoceratodus">Ptychoceratodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulanesaura" title="Pulanesaura">Pulanesaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefapanosaurus" title="Sefapanosaurus">Sefapanosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenosuchus" title="Sphenosuchus">Sphenosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritheledon" title="Tritheledon">Tritheledon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cretaceous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acanthohoplites" title="Acanthohoplites">Acanthohoplites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algoasaurus" title="Algoasaurus">Algoasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baculites" title="Baculites">Baculites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangnasaurus" title="Kangnasaurus">Kangnasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macroscaphites" title="Macroscaphites">Macroscaphites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nqwebasaurus" title="Nqwebasaurus">Nqwebasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranthodon" title="Paranthodon">Paranthodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptychoceratodus" title="Ptychoceratodus">Ptychoceratodus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paleogene</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nummulite" title="Nummulite">Nummulite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neogene</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanacetus" title="Africanacetus">Africanacetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nummulite" title="Nummulite">Nummulite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pleistocene</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boskop_Man" title="Boskop Man">Boskop Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_naledi" title="Homo naledi">Homo naledi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panthera_shawi" title="Panthera shawi">Panthera shawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulpes_skinneri" title="Vulpes skinneri">Vulpes skinneri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_Humankind" title="Cradle of Humankind">Cradle of Humankind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planolites" title="Planolites">Planolites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylacorhinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Scylacorhinus">Scylacorhinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Fossil_Park" title="West Coast Fossil Park">West Coast Fossil Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Farm_lagerst%C3%A4tte" title="Waterloo Farm lagerstätte">Waterloo Farm lagerstätte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Research_and_administration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Research and administration‎</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_Geoscience" title="Council for Geoscience">Council for Geoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_Studies_Institute" title="Evolutionary Studies Institute">Evolutionary Studies Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geological_Commission_of_the_Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Geological Commission of the Cape of Good Hope">Geological Commission of the Cape of Good Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geological_Society_of_South_Africa" title="Geological Society of South Africa">Geological Society of South Africa</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geologists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Merensky" title="Hans Merensky">Hans Merensky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paleontologists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Geddes_Bain" title="Andrew Geddes Bain">Andrew Geddes Bain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieuwe_Dirk_Boonstra" title="Lieuwe Dirk Boonstra">Lieuwe Dirk Boonstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kimberlin_Brain" title="Charles Kimberlin Brain">Charles Kimberlin Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Broom" title="Robert Broom">Robert Broom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Brown_(palaeontologist)" title="Alfred Brown (palaeontologist)">Alfred Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anusuya_Chinsamy-Turan" title="Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan">Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Basil_S._Cooke" title="H. Basil S. Cooke">H. Basil S. Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_W._Crompton" title="Alfred W. Crompton">Alfred W. Crompton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rossouw_Kannemeyer" title="Daniel Rossouw Kannemeyer">Daniel Rossouw Kannemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Keyser" title="Andre Keyser">Andre Keyser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kitching" title="James Kitching">James Kitching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Talbot_Robinson" title="John Talbot Robinson">John Talbot Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_William_Stow" title="George William Stow">George William Stow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Meine_van_Zinderen-Bakker" title="Eduard Meine van Zinderen-Bakker">Eduard Meine van Zinderen-Bakker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Regional_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regional articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Cape_Town" title="Geology of Cape Town">Geology of Cape Town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pothole_(geology)" title="Pothole (geology)">Pothole (geology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steep_structure" title="Steep structure">Steep structure</a></li> 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