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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_to_the_establishment_of_the_battalions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Opposition to the establishment of the battalions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_to_the_establishment_of_the_battalions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Zion_Mule_Corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Zion_Mule_Corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The Zion Mule Corps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Zion_Mule_Corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Jewish_Legion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Jewish_Legion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The Jewish Legion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_Jewish_Legion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The Jewish Legion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_Jewish_Legion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_38th_Battalion_of_the_Royal_Fusiliers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_38th_Battalion_of_the_Royal_Fusiliers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>The 38th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_38th_Battalion_of_the_Royal_Fusiliers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_39th_Battalion_of_the_Royal_Fusiliers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_39th_Battalion_of_the_Royal_Fusiliers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>The 39th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_39th_Battalion_of_the_Royal_Fusiliers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_40th_Battalion_of_the_Royal_Fusiliers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_40th_Battalion_of_the_Royal_Fusiliers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>The 40th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_40th_Battalion_of_the_Royal_Fusiliers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_"First_Judean"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_"First_Judean""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>The "First Judean"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_"First_Judean"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_Disbandment_of_the_"First_Judean"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_Disbandment_of_the_"First_Judean""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>After the Disbandment of the "First Judean"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_Disbandment_of_the_"First_Judean"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Palestine_Defense_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Palestine_Defense_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>The Palestine Defense Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Palestine_Defense_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_of_the_battalions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_of_the_battalions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Legacy of the battalions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_of_the_battalions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="الفيلق اليهودي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفيلق اليهودي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legi%C3%B3_jueva" title="Legió jueva – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Legió jueva" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDidovsk%C3%A1_legie" title="Židovská legie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Židovská legie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCdische_Legion" title="Jüdische Legion – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jüdische Legion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legi%C3%B3n_Jud%C3%ADa" title="Legión Judía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Legión Judía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="گردان یهودی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گردان یهودی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_juive" title="Légion juive – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Légion juive" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legiun_Yahudi" title="Legiun Yahudi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Legiun Yahudi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legione_Ebraica" title="Legione Ebraica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legione Ebraica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הגדודים העבריים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הגדודים העבריים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lejyona_Cih%C3%BByan" title="Lejyona Cihûyan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lejyona Cihûyan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%89" title="الفيلق اليهودى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الفيلق اليهودى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joodse_Legioen" title="Joodse Legioen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joodse Legioen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_j%C3%B8diske_legion" title="Den jødiske legion – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den jødiske legion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_%C5%BBydowski" title="Legion Żydowski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Legion Żydowski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legi%C3%A3o_Judaica" title="Legião Judaica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Legião Judaica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_(1917%E2%80%941919)" title="Еврейский легион (1917—1919) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Еврейский легион (1917—1919)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDidovsk%C3%A1_l%C3%A9gia" title="Židovská légia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Židovská légia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2" title="กองพันยิวอาสา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กองพันยิวอาสา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudi_Lejyonu" title="Yahudi Lejyonu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yahudi Lejyonu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Єврейський легіон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Єврейський легіон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2" title="犹太军团 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="犹太军团" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q198954#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Jewish Legion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_1919_-_i%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%94i_btm1847.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_1919_-_i%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%94i_btm1847.jpeg/300px-%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_1919_-_i%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%94i_btm1847.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_1919_-_i%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%94i_btm1847.jpeg/450px-%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_1919_-_i%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%94i_btm1847.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_1919_-_i%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%94i_btm1847.jpeg/600px-%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_1919_-_i%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%94i_btm1847.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="453" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Jewish Legion soldiers in 1919</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1917–1921</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">5,000 Jewish troops</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Sinai and Palestine campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Battle of Megiddo</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p><b>The Jewish Legion</b> was a series of battalions of Jewish soldiers who served in the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. Some participated in the British conquest of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Palestine">Palestine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a>. </p><p>The formation of the battalions had several motives: the expulsion of the Ottomans, gaining military experience, and the hope that their contribution would favorably influence the support for a Jewish national home in the land when a new world order was established after the war. The idea for the battalions was proposed by <a href="/wiki/Pinhas_Rutenberg" title="Pinhas Rutenberg">Pinhas Rutenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dov_Ber_Borochov" class="mw-redirect" title="Dov Ber Borochov">Dov Ber Borochov</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Ze'ev Jabotinsky</a>, and carried out by Jabotinsky and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Trumpeldor" title="Joseph Trumpeldor">Joseph Trumpeldor</a>, who aspired for the battalions to become the independent military force of the <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a> in Palestine. </p><p>Their vision did not fully materialize, as the battalions were disbanded shortly after the war. However, their activities significantly contributed to the establishment of defense organizations like the <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a> (which later became the foundation for the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation_and_objectives">Formation and objectives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Formation and objectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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.trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:281px;max-width:281px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeev_Jabotinsky_uniform.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zeev_Jabotinsky_uniform.jpg/143px-Zeev_Jabotinsky_uniform.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zeev_Jabotinsky_uniform.jpg/215px-Zeev_Jabotinsky_uniform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zeev_Jabotinsky_uniform.jpg/286px-Zeev_Jabotinsky_uniform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="696" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Trumpeldor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Joseph_Trumpeldor.jpg/130px-Joseph_Trumpeldor.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Joseph_Trumpeldor.jpg/195px-Joseph_Trumpeldor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Joseph_Trumpeldor.jpg/260px-Joseph_Trumpeldor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="729" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Jabotinsky (left) and Trumpeldor (right) in uniform.</div></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_judean_flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/First_judean_flag.jpg/250px-First_judean_flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/First_judean_flag.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the "First Judean" Jewish Legion.</figcaption></figure> <p>During World War I, a debate emerged within the <a href="/wiki/Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist">Zionist</a> leadership: whether to support one of the sides—the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente Powers</a> versus the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>—or to maintain neutrality, and which policy would best ensure the survival of the Jewish community in Palestine during the war and benefit its aspirations for a national home afterward. This debate created a rift between those who supported the Entente Powers and those who supported the Central Powers. At that time, Jews of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany" title="History of the Jews in Germany">German origin</a> were patriotic to their country of origin, while the battalions were a <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">British</a> initiative against the Ottomans, allies of the Germans. Therefore, the "German" Jews opposed the battalions vehemently, and <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann">Chaim Weizmann</a> yielded to them, opposing the battalions mainly because the one protecting the Yishuv in Palestine was a German general. There was also a real fear that the Ottomans would carry out a massacre of the Jews if they decided that the Jews were a fifth column, as they had <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">done to the Armenians</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pinhas_Rutenberg" title="Pinhas Rutenberg">Pinhas Rutenberg</a> was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolutionary_Party" title="Socialist Revolutionary Party">Socialist Revolutionary</a> (SR) party, which, unlike the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>, supported an alliance with Britain. <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Zvi" title="Yitzhak Ben-Zvi">Yitzhak Ben-Zvi</a> were pro-Ottoman and opposed the battalions. What changed their minds completely was the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a>, after which they enlisted in the battalion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_I_and_the_establishment_of_the_battalions">World War I and the establishment of the battalions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War I and the establishment of the battalions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1918_Private_BenGurion_volunteer_in_Jewish_Legion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1918_Private_BenGurion_volunteer_in_Jewish_Legion.jpg/220px-1918_Private_BenGurion_volunteer_in_Jewish_Legion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1918_Private_BenGurion_volunteer_in_Jewish_Legion.jpg/330px-1918_Private_BenGurion_volunteer_in_Jewish_Legion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1918_Private_BenGurion_volunteer_in_Jewish_Legion.jpg/440px-1918_Private_BenGurion_volunteer_in_Jewish_Legion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="1194" /></a><figcaption>Ben-Gurion in the uniform of the Jewish Legion, 1918</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Henry_Patterson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/John_Henry_Patterson.jpg/220px-John_Henry_Patterson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/John_Henry_Patterson.jpg/330px-John_Henry_Patterson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/John_Henry_Patterson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Lieutenant Colonel John Henry Patterson, commander of the Zion Mule Corps and the 38th Battalion, photographed in 1917.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewish_legion_hakotel_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Jewish_legion_hakotel_1917.jpg/220px-Jewish_legion_hakotel_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Jewish_legion_hakotel_1917.jpg/330px-Jewish_legion_hakotel_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Jewish_legion_hakotel_1917.jpg/440px-Jewish_legion_hakotel_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers from one of the battalions at the Western Wall after the British capture of Jerusalem, likely in 1918.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the period leading up to the outbreak of the war in 1914, revolutionaries were waiting for a revolution in Russia. The <a href="/wiki/Okhrana" title="Okhrana">Okhrana</a> was successful in its activities against the revolutionaries, and SR activists went into exile from <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a> and his colleagues also established the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">Russian Social Democratic Labour Party</a>, competing with the SR in exile. When the war broke out, a meeting was held among the SR exiles' leadership, which was divided between left and right. Supporters of <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Fondaminsky" title="Ilya Fondaminsky">Ilya Fondaminsky</a> argued that the war would shake the tsarist regime and therefore should enlist and aid the British to bring the revolution closer. There was also an opposing trend led by <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Chernov" title="Viktor Chernov">Viktor Chernov</a>, a rival to Rutenberg, who opposed this approach. </p><p>Rutenberg went to London, met with Weizmann, and tried to convince him to support the establishment of the Jewish battalions. Rutenberg told Weizmann that the war was an opportunity to advance the idea of a republic in Israel. To convince the Entente Powers, Jewish legions composed of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Jewish exiles</a> needed to be established. According to Prof. Matityahu Mintz, Rutenberg preceded Jabotinsky. Rutenberg acted in September 1914, while Jabotinsky began in 1915. </p><p>The question arises as to what motivated Rutenberg, who was traveling on behalf of the SR to the capitals of Britain and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> to pressure Russia for greater democratization, to engage with the Jewish people and meet Weizmann. Mintz clarified that for Rutenberg, these were not separate domains. Before his trip, Rutenberg had not spoken about or sought a solution to the Jewish question, but this was a result of Rutenberg's discussions with the SR leadership, who sent him to France. Mintz does not believe that Rutenberg's return to the Jewish people was insincere but emphasizes the alignment between his conduct and the interests of the party and Russia. The evidence for maintaining ties and prioritizing the party's interests was Rutenberg's rapid and smooth integration into the government leadership after the February Revolution of 1917 during <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Alexander Kerensky's</a> social-revolutionary administration. </p><p>The SR, as well as the Cadets, thought that the number of Jews in Russia was too large, and it would be better if they left Russia before the revolution, as it would be beneficial for the Jews as well. The SR was aware of the Jews' animosity toward the <a href="/wiki/Autocratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocratic">autocratic</a> regime in Russia, alongside the growing Jewish sympathy for Germany, which had granted them freedom and rights. Rutenberg adopted this SR stance. The idea of battalions that would conquer the land from the Ottomans, allies of the Germans, served the interests of the Russian homeland, allied with France and Britain. </p><p>Mintz noted that even when the Zionist movement decided on neutrality, in practice, this was not the case, as Zionists in each country supported their homeland. For instance, German Zionists believed that if <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> won the war, the Jews' situation would improve, as their status in Russia was worse compared to Germany. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rutenberg_initiative_towards_the_establishment_of_Jewish_battalions_at_the_beginning_of_World_War_I_Hebrew.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Rutenberg_initiative_towards_the_establishment_of_Jewish_battalions_at_the_beginning_of_World_War_I_Hebrew.pdf/page1-220px-Rutenberg_initiative_towards_the_establishment_of_Jewish_battalions_at_the_beginning_of_World_War_I_Hebrew.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Rutenberg_initiative_towards_the_establishment_of_Jewish_battalions_at_the_beginning_of_World_War_I_Hebrew.pdf/page1-330px-Rutenberg_initiative_towards_the_establishment_of_Jewish_battalions_at_the_beginning_of_World_War_I_Hebrew.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Rutenberg_initiative_towards_the_establishment_of_Jewish_battalions_at_the_beginning_of_World_War_I_Hebrew.pdf/page1-440px-Rutenberg_initiative_towards_the_establishment_of_Jewish_battalions_at_the_beginning_of_World_War_I_Hebrew.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="1239" /></a><figcaption><i>Pinhas Rutenberg's initiative for the establishment of Jewish battalions at the beginning of World War I</i> by Matityahu Mintz, Rutenberg's meeting with Borochov in Milan, Italy.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rutenberg then went to <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and established an organization for the Jewish cause. The basic idea was that if Italy joined the war on the side of the Entente Powers, the first Jewish battalions would be formed in Italy. <a href="/wiki/Dov_Ber_Borochov" class="mw-redirect" title="Dov Ber Borochov">Dov Ber Borochov</a> also arrived in Italy from <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_(Austria)" title="Gendarmerie (Austria)">Austrian police</a> made it clear that it would be better for him to leave the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a>, an ally of Germany. In <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Rutenberg and Borochov met after David Goldstein, a member of <a href="/wiki/Poale_Zion" title="Poale Zion">Poale Zion</a>, connected them. Borochov joined Rutenberg and was active in leading this organization. He managed to organize not only Jews but also intellectuals, politicians, and Italian ministers, like <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Luzzatti" title="Luigi Luzzatti">Luigi Luzzatti</a>. In 1915, they joined, but Rutenberg decided to go to the United States. Before that, he traveled to Bari in Italy and invited Jabotinsky, Ben-Gurion, and Ben-Zvi to present the plan. Ben-Gurion and Ben-Zvi refused to come, and only Jabotinsky met with Rutenberg before Jabotinsky's trip to London. Rutenberg and Jabotinsky divided the work. Rutenberg would work in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and Jabotinsky in Britain, as Rutenberg aimed to establish a non-Zionist Jewish Congress in the U.S. </p><p>According to Mintz, Rutenberg brought a booklet, manifesto, to the U.S., began participating in conferences, organized a committee, and started a newspaper for the Jewish Congress. Borochov was the editor of the newspaper and also wrote the articles. A conflict broke out between Rutenberg and Ben-Gurion, who was also in the U.S., as Ben-Gurion continued to support the Ottoman orientation. Ben-Zvi joined Ben-Gurion, although Mintz notes that their relationship soured in the U.S. because Ben-Gurion published a book in which he attributed all the work to himself. According to Mintz, there is no doubt that Ben-Gurion downplayed Ben-Zvi's contributions. There was no conflict between Ben-Zvi and Borochov, as Ben-Zvi was from Borochov's hometown, his student, and a close friend, and they respected each other. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ze'ev_Jabotinsky"><span id="Ze.27ev_Jabotinsky"></span>Ze'ev Jabotinsky</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ze'ev Jabotinsky"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most prominent figures supporting the activist line was <a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Ze'ev Jabotinsky</a>, who, knowing the Ottoman Empire, predicted its days were numbered during the war and that this would impact the future governance of Palestine. He argued that the Jews should openly support Britain and help its military efforts to capture the land of Israel. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israeli_volunteers_British_WWI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Israeli_volunteers_British_WWI.jpg/220px-Israeli_volunteers_British_WWI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Israeli_volunteers_British_WWI.jpg/330px-Israeli_volunteers_British_WWI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Israeli_volunteers_British_WWI.jpg/440px-Israeli_volunteers_British_WWI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Jewish volunteers from Palestine joining the British Army, 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1915, Jabotinsky arrived at Camp Jabari, near <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, where 1,200 Jews expelled from Palestine by the Ottomans or who fled due to the harsh living conditions gradually gathered, along with Yosef Trumpeldor. Jabotinsky presented his ideas for establishing a Jewish military unit. On the 18th of <a href="/wiki/Adar" title="Adar">Adar</a>, 5675, a document was drafted stating the decision to establish a Jewish battalion offering its services to the British army for the conquest of Palestine. The document bore 100 signatures, with the first being those of Ze'ev Gluskin, Jabotinsky, and Trumpeldor. Subsequently, they began negotiations with various elements within the British army and government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_to_the_establishment_of_the_battalions">Opposition to the establishment of the battalions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Opposition to the establishment of the battalions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After numerous negotiations, Britain partially agreed to the initiative, and a Jewish unit was formed with volunteers from the exiles in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. The unit’s purpose was set as a transport unit on the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli front</a> in Turkey. The means of transport of that time gave the unit its name: the "Zion Mule Corps." However, its activities were not connected to Palestine, as Britain did not yet plan to attack there. </p><p>Several bodies and groups opposed the establishment of the battalions, and some actively tried to stop their formation: </p> <ul><li>Anti-Zionist or non-Zionist Jews, particularly assimilated British Jews who feared that emphasizing Jewish nationality through the battalions would harm their status among the British.</li> <li>The leadership of the Zionist Organization, including figures like <a href="/wiki/Nahum_Sokolow" title="Nahum Sokolow">Nahum Sokolow</a> and others in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, who aimed to maintain neutrality.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahad_Ha%27am" title="Ahad Ha'am">Ahad Ha'am</a> and others who saw the main role of Zionism in spiritual activity.</li> <li>Part of the labor camp in Palestine, especially members of <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Hatzair" title="Hapoel Hatzair">Hapoel Hatzair</a>, believed that the land should be acquired through labor, not war, and therefore opposed the establishment of the battalions and joining them.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Zion_Mule_Corps">The Zion Mule Corps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Zion Mule Corps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Zion Mule Corps preceded the combat Jewish battalions formed later. Its recruits were Jews exiled to Egypt by the Ottoman Empire. It was established in the spring of 1915 and was responsible for transporting supplies to the front lines during the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Battle of Gallipoli</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. The unit was praised for its performance. After the failed campaign, and as the British refused to transfer it to another front, the corps was disbanded, and some of its members joined the subsequent Jewish battalions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Jewish_Legion">The Jewish Legion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Jewish Legion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legion003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Legion003.jpg/250px-Legion003.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Legion003.jpg/375px-Legion003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Legion003.jpg/500px-Legion003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers of the battalion marching with rifles and bayonets in the streets of London; the first marcher: Lieutenant Jabotinsky</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legion005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Legion005.jpg/250px-Legion005.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Legion005.jpg/375px-Legion005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Legion005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption>Poster calling for enlistment in the Jewish Battalion: "The brave and faithful man / The Lord his God is with him - and he shall join the Jewish Battalion! Chazak!"</figcaption></figure> <p>Unlike <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Trumpeldor" title="Joseph Trumpeldor">Trumpeldor</a>, Jabotinsky was not satisfied with the formation of the Zion Mule Corps, which was not a combat unit and did not participate in the fight against the Ottomans. He traveled to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> to continue advocating for the battalions. Jabotinsky contacted numerous statesmen but failed to gain genuine support for his initiative in Britain, France, and Russia. The resistance stemmed from both a lack of trust in a military unit composed entirely of Jewish volunteers and a lack of intent to fight the Ottomans in Palestine at that time. Significant support also did not come from most Jewish leaders or communities. However, a few Zionist figures tried to assist Jabotinsky. The most notable was Meir Grossman, with whom he founded the newspaper "Di Tribune"—later known as "Unser Tribune"—to promote propaganda for the battalions. <a href="/wiki/Pinhas_Rutenberg" title="Pinhas Rutenberg">Pinhas Rutenberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann">Chaim Weizmann</a> also supported Jabotinsky's initiative, but the <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">Zionist Organization</a> strongly opposed it, and its executive committee issued an order to all Zionists in Europe to fight against the propaganda supporting the Jewish Legion. </p><p>Jabotinsky eventually reached London, focusing his efforts there for the next two years. He decided to concentrate on around 30,000 Jews, mostly young men who were refugees from Russia, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Eastern_Europe)" title="Galicia (Eastern Europe)">Galicia</a>, residing as refugees in London, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/East_End_of_London" title="East End of London">East End</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel" title="Whitechapel">Whitechapel</a>. The efforts to form the battalion were highly determined and carried out against the odds: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Horatio Kitchener</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War" title="Secretary of State for War">British Secretary of War</a>, believed that Britain did not need "exotic armies" and that the war would not reach Palestine. Most of the Zionist movement leaders, as mentioned earlier, tried to thwart the initiative, and above all, there was great apathy among young <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_England" title="History of the Jews in England">London Jews</a>, most of whom saw no need to enlist in the British army, did not identify with its war, and did not identify with Zionism or the idea of conquering Palestine. </p><p>Nevertheless, voices in Britain began to grow in favor of compulsory enlistment. The people of the kingdom witnessed the heavy losses among the youth on the battlefields compared to the "café dwellers," many of whom were European refugees in London, including young Jews. The <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">British Home Office</a> later ordered compulsory enlistment for British citizens. The foreign Jews initially refused enlistment. Jabotinsky and his supporters clarified to both the British authorities and the young Jews that joining a Jewish battalion was the only way out of the predicament. Two catalysts then appeared: an editorial supporting the idea in the influential newspaper "The Times" and a group of 120 former members of the Zion Mule Corps, along with Trumpeldor, who joined the 20th Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fusiliers" title="Royal Fusiliers">Royal Fusiliers</a> and formed a Jewish company within it. After a decisive meeting between Trumpeldor, Jabotinsky, and senior officials at the War Office, the formation of a combat Jewish battalion was realized. </p><p>Initially, the battalion was called "The Jewish Regiment" (a regiment usually consisting of two battalions), and its symbol was a menorah with the slogan "Kadima," meaning "forward" in both "advance" and "eastward." They recommended <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Patterson_(author)" title="John Henry Patterson (author)">John Henry Patterson</a> as its commander, as he had led the Zion Mule Corps throughout its operations in Gallipoli. Trumpeldor, who had served as the deputy commander of the Mule Corps in Gallipoli and succeeded Patterson in its final months, was initially denied an officer's commission by the British, so he returned to Russia to promote his idea of forming a massive Jewish army to fight on the Caucasus front and advance toward Palestine. The Jewish company of the 20th Battalion joined the new Jewish battalion, and its members became the core of the unit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_38th_Battalion_of_the_Royal_Fusiliers">The 38th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The 38th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JewishBattalionSoldier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/JewishBattalionSoldier.jpg/200px-JewishBattalionSoldier.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/JewishBattalionSoldier.jpg/300px-JewishBattalionSoldier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/JewishBattalionSoldier.jpg/400px-JewishBattalionSoldier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Benjamin Smith, a soldier in the 38th Jewish Battalion wearing his uniform. Note the Star of David on the shoulder. This soldier came from Sioux City, Iowa, USA.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>The 38th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment)</b>—commonly referred to as the "London Battalion"—was mainly composed of Jews from London, England, with a smaller number of Americans. This battalion, led by Patterson due to his success with the Zion Mule Corps, had two-thirds of its officers as Jews, whereas other battalions had a majority of <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a> officers. Recruitment for this battalion took place in England. </p><p>In August 1917, two official notices were issued: one obligating Russian citizens residing in England to enlist in the army, and the other announcing the establishment of the Jewish battalion. Despite obstacles, the assimilated Jews in London continued to oppose its existence and tried to dissolve it. Although they failed in their efforts, their influence led to the cancellation of the name "The Jewish Regiment" and the <a href="/wiki/Temple_menorah" title="Temple menorah">menorah</a> symbol. Instead, it was given the name of a regular British battalion—the 38th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers. The War Minister promised, however, that the battalion would regain its symbols after proving itself in combat. The public and the press still referred to it by its original name, the recruitment office displayed Hebrew signs, and the soldiers and officers wore Star of David insignias on their left arm (the 38th Battalion had a light purple <a href="/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David">Star of David</a>, the 39th was red, and the 40th was blue). The soldiers trained at a camp near Portsmouth. </p><p>On 2 February 1918, the Jewish battalion marched through the main streets of London and Whitechapel. Great excitement was felt among the city's Jews, many shops hung blue and white flags, and the proud soldiers of the legion were received with loud cheers in the streets. The next day, the battalion set off for France, then through Italy to Egypt. </p><p>The 38th Battalion trained in Egypt and was later sent to Palestine. There were already many volunteers from among the local youth who would later form the 40th Battalion. In early June, the battalion was stationed on the front lines of the British forces in the hills of Ephraim, an area where the British forces were engaged in skirmishes against the Ottomans. <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">Malaria</a> was an issue, which afflicted many. </p><p>In mid-August, the battalion was sent to the Jordan front, where it served as a link throughout the British front. In September, at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Battle of Megiddo</a>, Patterson received orders to capture the Umm al-Shert Bridge in the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley" title="Jordan Valley">Jordan Valley</a>, the only bridge in the area (located directly east of the moshav <a href="/wiki/Netiv_HaGdud" title="Netiv HaGdud">Netiv HaGdud</a>, named after this operation). The first company sent to the location came under fire, its captain Julian was barely rescued, the lieutenant was wounded and taken prisoner, and a private was killed. Jabotinsky then led the second company to seize the site, and the mission was successfully completed on the 22nd of the month. From there, the battalion advanced to the area of As-Salt, east of the Jordan River, where the 39th Battalion had already preceded them, and it established a garrison there. In <a href="/wiki/Gilead" title="Gilead">Gilead</a>, the British completed their conquest of Palestine, and the battalion returned to its western side, taking Ottoman and German prisoners. Subsequently, the battalion was tasked with guarding military facilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_39th_Battalion_of_the_Royal_Fusiliers">The 39th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The 39th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bat_Zion_I_want_your_Old_New_Land_join_Jewish_regiment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bat_Zion_I_want_your_Old_New_Land_join_Jewish_regiment.jpg/250px-Bat_Zion_I_want_your_Old_New_Land_join_Jewish_regiment.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bat_Zion_I_want_your_Old_New_Land_join_Jewish_regiment.jpg/375px-Bat_Zion_I_want_your_Old_New_Land_join_Jewish_regiment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Bat_Zion_I_want_your_Old_New_Land_join_Jewish_regiment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption>Advertisement published in American Jewish newspapers encouraging enlistment in the Jewish Battalions: "Bat Zion"—a personification of the Jewish people, or the people dwelling in Zion—emerges from a Star of David, pointing at the viewer in the style of the "<a href="/wiki/Lord_Kitchener_Wants_You" title="Lord Kitchener Wants You">Lord Kitchener Wants You</a>" poster and calling: "Your Altneuland needs you! Join the Jewish Regiment!"</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>39th Battalion</b> was known as "<b>the American Battalion</b>," with most of its soldiers coming from the Jewish community in the United States, and a minority from England. The origins of its formation lie in <a href="/wiki/Pinhas_Rutenberg" title="Pinhas Rutenberg">Pinhas Rutenberg</a>’s 1915 initiative to create a military unit composed of American and Canadian Jews. Initially, American Jews did not agree to his initiative, but when the United States entered World War I in April 1917, their stance changed. This battalion was recruited in the United States. </p><p>The principal initiators of its establishment were <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Zvi" title="Yitzhak Ben-Zvi">Yitzhak Ben-Zvi</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a>, who were exiled from Palestine during the war by <a href="/wiki/Djemal_Pasha" title="Djemal Pasha">Djemal Pasha</a>. They changed their position after the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a>. About 5,000 volunteers (though not all managed to arrive in Palestine) formed the battalion, which operated under British command. The battalion’s commander was Colonel <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Margolin" title="Eliezer Margolin">Eliezer Margolin</a>. It included a core group of members from the "<a href="/wiki/HaHalutz" class="mw-redirect" title="HaHalutz">HaHalutz</a>" (The Pioneer) movement and "<a href="/wiki/Poalei_Zion" class="mw-redirect" title="Poalei Zion">Poalei Zion</a>," meaning, unlike the 38th British Battalion, most of its members were Zionists. In 1918, the battalion’s soldiers were sent to Palestine, where the 38th Battalion had also arrived. </p><p>About half of its members participated in the military campaigns in the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley" title="Jordan Valley">Jordan Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a> during the time the 38th Battalion was also present there. After the capture of the Umm-Shert Bridge, half of the battalion moved to the area of Jericho and then to <a href="/wiki/Gilead" title="Gilead">Gilead</a> to complete the British conquest of Palestine. Some members of the battalion only arrived in the land after the war ended. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_40th_Battalion_of_the_Royal_Fusiliers">The 40th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The 40th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_431_Jewish_Legion_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/PikiWiki_Israel_431_Jewish_Legion_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_431_Jewish_Legion_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/PikiWiki_Israel_431_Jewish_Legion_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_431_Jewish_Legion_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/PikiWiki_Israel_431_Jewish_Legion_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_431_Jewish_Legion_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Choir of the Jewish Legion</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>40th Battalion</b> was known as "<b>the Palestinian Battalion</b>" of the Jewish Legion. The primary mission of this battalion was to perform guard and security duties. It was formed after the British forces entered Palestine, and many local youths wanted to participate in the Jewish military effort. Even before the 38th Battalion arrived, there were already 1,500 youths prepared to volunteer, one-third of whom were women, though the women were not enlisted. The desire of the local Palestinian Jewish youth to enlist met the initiative of Major General John Hill, commander of the 52nd Division, who called on the young men of the <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a> in areas already conquered by the British to join the army and assist in further conquests of the land. Most of the volunteers were young "activists" from the labor camp, members of the Jaffa Group and the Small Assembly, as well as high school students from <a href="/wiki/Herzliya_Hebrew_Gymnasium" title="Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium">Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium</a>, who campaigned vigorously for recruitment. Their initiative met resistance, and a debate arose within the Jewish Yishuv regarding enlistment. </p><p>The decision was made at the First Constituent Assembly on 2 January 1918, following a discussion in which the leadership of "<a href="/wiki/Poalei_Zion" class="mw-redirect" title="Poalei Zion">Poalei Zion</a>" supported enlistment and volunteering. <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Smilansky" title="Moshe Smilansky">Moshe Smilansky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Golomb" title="Eliyahu Golomb">Eliyahu Golomb</a> argued that joining the Jewish Battalions was a political endeavor that elevated the status of the Yishuv in the eyes of its new rulers and contributed to the strength of the community. </p><p>Members of the "<a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Hatzair" title="Hapoel Hatzair">HaPoel HaTzair</a>" party, including <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Sprinzak" title="Yosef Sprinzak">Yosef Sprinzak</a> and <a href="/wiki/A.D._Gordon" class="mw-redirect" title="A.D. Gordon">A.D. Gordon</a>, were the main opponents, arguing that the Yishuv’s efforts should focus on settlement and agriculture, alongside a pacifist ideology that opposed participation in imperialist and bloody wars. Another argument was the fear of harm to the settlers of the Galilee, who were still under Turkish rule. Despite the opposition from the leadership of HaPoel HaTzair, there were volunteers from this movement who joined the battalion. </p><p>In parallel with the enlistment campaign conducted in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, which resulted in one company of volunteers, Baron <a href="/wiki/James_de_Rothschild_(politician)" title="James de Rothschild (politician)">James de Rothschild</a> led a recruitment campaign in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, producing a second company of recruits. The volunteers from Jerusalem included some students from the teacher's seminary and mostly members of the old Yishuv who enlisted with the blessing of the rabbis. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legion002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Legion002.jpg/150px-Legion002.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Legion002.jpg/225px-Legion002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Legion002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="312" /></a><figcaption>Emblem of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fusiliers" title="Royal Fusiliers">Royal Fusiliers</a> ("The King's Men") worn by the soldiers and officers of the Jewish Legion</figcaption></figure> <p>General <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Allenby" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Allenby">Allenby</a> was initially reluctant to the idea of a unit of Jewish soldiers under his command, but Zionist political activity in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> led to its establishment, and 1,000 volunteers were accepted into its ranks. Smilansky, who also enlisted, spearheaded the recruitment campaign. This battalion was formed in Palestine. Among the enlistees were Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, David Ben-Gurion, and <a href="/wiki/Berl_Katznelson" title="Berl Katznelson">Berl Katznelson</a>, who were already public leaders in the Yishuv but served as privates in the battalion. The 40th Battalion completed its initial training near Tel El-Kebir in Egypt, under the command of Colonel Margolin. After Margolin was appointed to command the 39th Battalion, Colonel Frederick Samuel, a member of an assimilated English-Jewish family who had previously served as a battalion commander on the French front, took command. He expected a promotion to brigadier but, upon receiving a letter stating that Jewish officers were needed for the Jewish Legion, left his unit, forgoing the brigadier position, and joined the 40th Battalion. After him, the battalion was commanded by Colonel M.P. Scott, who was Christian. The battalion did not participate in battles, and its soldiers served in support roles for the British army and guarded prisoners. In December 1918, the battalion was moved to the Sarafand (now Tzrifin) area, and some of its soldiers, those who found work, were released from service. By the end of 1919, part of the battalion was stationed at <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a> and received an order to send 80 of its soldiers to the Egyptian headquarters. As this was against the "agreement," its soldiers refused to comply. Scott supported their stance and excused them from the order. After his service, Scott remained a supporter of Zionism, quoted as saying: "England has been honored: We tore a page from the Bible inscribed with the oldest prophecy—adding England's pledge to the promissory note of God. Such a signature cannot be renounced by the nation." </p><p>The composition of the three battalions by country of origin was estimated as follows: 1,700 Americans, 1,500 Palestinian Jews, 1,400 English, 300 Canadians, 50 Argentinians, and about 50 Jewish prisoners released from Ottoman captivity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_"First_Judean""><span id="The_.22First_Judean.22"></span>The "First Judean"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The "First Judean""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legion001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Legion001.jpg/150px-Legion001.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Legion001.jpg/225px-Legion001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Legion001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption>Emblem of the "First Judean" Jewish Battalion</figcaption></figure> <p>In the first year after the conquest of Palestine (1919), the battalions comprised a significant portion of the British forces maintaining order in the land. In the Autumn Offensive of Allenby 1918, only "a battalion and a half" participated, but a year later, the battalions numbered 5,000 soldiers (actually, according to British War Office records, 10,000 men were accepted into the battalions, but half did not reach Palestine because the war had already ended). The presence of the battalions in Palestine moderated the <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> population's attitude toward the Yishuv. For two months, uprisings broke out in Egypt, and the sense of Arab national awakening also reached Palestine, but it did not ignite significant actions. </p><p>After the war ended, the morale of the soldiers in the legion declined, and most of the English and American soldiers wanted to return to their home countries. The British military administration in Palestine did not align with the pro-Zionist sentiments of London and sought to disband the battalions, which they saw as potentially igniting conflict with the local Arabs. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em"> <caption>The Legion's casualties in the First World War<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Battalion</th> <th>Fatalities </th></tr> <tr> <td>38th</td> <td>43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>39th</td> <td>23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>40th</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>42nd</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>38th/40th</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Transferred from<br />Jewish Legion</td> <td>1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>By spring 1920, the first two battalions were already disbanded, and the remnants of their soldiers joined the Palestinian battalion, now under Margolin's command. The War Minister’s promise was fulfilled, and the battalion was renamed the "First Judean." Its symbol was the menorah, and its motto was "Kadima." It was the first military body to have all its symbols in Hebrew. The Palestinian volunteers attempted to remain despite the demobilization orders strongly enforced by the military command. Many were torn between military service and labor, but some managed to extend their service by several months. Gradually, only 400 soldiers remained. <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Samuel">Herbert Samuel</a> planned to establish a "mixed militia" of Jews and Arabs, and some of the legion's soldiers and veterans joined its Jewish section. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/1921_Palestine_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1921 Palestine riots">1921 Palestine riots</a>, on Margolin’s initiative, several dozen armed soldiers of the battalion arrived in <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> and participated in defending the area against Arab rioters. Among other actions, they prevented Arabs from breaking into the Jewish compound of Batay Varsha (Jaffa). Their intervention in the pogrom led to the end of their service and closed the chapter on the planned "militia." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_the_Disbandment_of_the_"First_Judean""><span id="After_the_Disbandment_of_the_.22First_Judean.22"></span>After the Disbandment of the "First Judean"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: After the Disbandment of the "First Judean""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legion_Grave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Legion_Grave.jpg/150px-Legion_Grave.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Legion_Grave.jpg/225px-Legion_Grave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Legion_Grave.jpg/300px-Legion_Grave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Emblem of the battalion on a gravestone at the cemetery on Trumpeldor Street in Tel Aviv</figcaption></figure> <p>The "First Judean" battalion was disbanded by the British in May 1921. The disbandment of the battalions thwarted Jabotinsky’s vision of establishing an official Jewish army and led the Yishuv to establish a clandestine armed force—the "<a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a>," which, as its name suggests, was primarily defensive. The disbandment of the "First Judean" battalion marked a British policy against an independent Jewish defense force in the Yishuv in response to Arab aggression. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Palestine_Defense_Force">The Palestine Defense Force</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Palestine Defense Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the time of the disbandment of the Jewish Battalions, a plan was proposed to establish a militia called the "Palestine Defense Force" or "Defense Corps of Palestine" (various translations of the English term). To establish this guard force, a number of officers and about 30 sergeants were retained in the army, intended to be the command staff of the first battalion of the future guard force. </p><p>However, after the riots in May 1921, in which the sergeants left their base without permission to assist Jewish defense forces, Colonel Margolin, the force commander, decided to resign, and the military authorities dismissed all personnel and canceled the plan to establish the guard. Some of the dismissed soldiers later became instructors and commanders in the newly formed Haganah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_of_the_battalions">Legacy of the battalions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legacy of the battalions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_19028_quot;Bet_Hagdudimquot;_museum_in_Avihayil.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/PikiWiki_Israel_19028_quot%3BBet_Hagdudimquot%3B_museum_in_Avihayil.JPG/250px-PikiWiki_Israel_19028_quot%3BBet_Hagdudimquot%3B_museum_in_Avihayil.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/PikiWiki_Israel_19028_quot%3BBet_Hagdudimquot%3B_museum_in_Avihayil.JPG/375px-PikiWiki_Israel_19028_quot%3BBet_Hagdudimquot%3B_museum_in_Avihayil.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/PikiWiki_Israel_19028_quot%3BBet_Hagdudimquot%3B_museum_in_Avihayil.JPG/500px-PikiWiki_Israel_19028_quot%3BBet_Hagdudimquot%3B_museum_in_Avihayil.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The "Beit HaGdudim" Museum in <a href="/wiki/Avihayil" title="Avihayil">Avihayil</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewish_Legion_Garden_in_Ramat_Gan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jewish_Legion_Garden_in_Ramat_Gan.JPG/250px-Jewish_Legion_Garden_in_Ramat_Gan.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jewish_Legion_Garden_in_Ramat_Gan.JPG/375px-Jewish_Legion_Garden_in_Ramat_Gan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jewish_Legion_Garden_in_Ramat_Gan.JPG/500px-Jewish_Legion_Garden_in_Ramat_Gan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The Jewish Legion Garden in Ramat Gan</figcaption></figure> <p>Even though the battalions’ contribution to the campaign was limited, their existence was significant as the first Jewish military force of the modern era. It was an open, non-clandestine force bearing Jewish symbols, and its language was Hebrew. The existence of the battalions provided proof of the possible strength of the Jewish people and gave moral and ethical justification for the demand to establish a Jewish national entity in Palestine. Military experience gained within the battalions, as well as the spirit of volunteerism, was later transferred to defensive frameworks like the Tel Aviv Keda Group, most of whose members were former battalion members, and later also into the underground movements operating in the land. </p><p>In his book "The Legion Scroll," Jabotinsky wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The moral value of the battalion is clear to anyone capable of honest and fair thinking. War is a terrible thing—a sacrifice of human lives. But today, no one can accuse us: Where were you? Why didn't you demand: Let us, as Jews, give our lives for Eretz Yisrael? – Now we have an answer: Five thousand; and there could have been many more had your leaders not delayed our matter for two and a half years. This moral aspect is invaluable; and this is what the Prime Minister of South Africa—a great lover of peace himself—meant when he said: Letting Jews fight for the land of Israel is one of the most beautiful ideas I have ever heard in my life.</p></blockquote> <p>To the members of his battalion who were about to return to their homes overseas, he said: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>You will return to your family far across the sea; and there, as you browse the newspaper, you will read good news about the freedom of Jews in a free Jewish land—about workshops and cathedrals, about plowed fields and theaters, and perhaps also about members of parliament and ministers. And you will be lost in thought, and the newspaper will slip from your hand; and you will remember the Jordan Valley, and the desert behind Rafah, and the hills above <a href="/wiki/Abwein" title="Abwein">Aboein</a>. Stand up then, approach the mirror, and look with pride upon yourself, stand tall and salute: This is—your very own handiwork.</p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewish_Legion_in_World_War_I_Memorial_IMG_3122.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jewish_Legion_in_World_War_I_Memorial_IMG_3122.JPG/220px-Jewish_Legion_in_World_War_I_Memorial_IMG_3122.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jewish_Legion_in_World_War_I_Memorial_IMG_3122.JPG/330px-Jewish_Legion_in_World_War_I_Memorial_IMG_3122.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jewish_Legion_in_World_War_I_Memorial_IMG_3122.JPG/440px-Jewish_Legion_in_World_War_I_Memorial_IMG_3122.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The Jewish Legion Memorial Park</figcaption></figure> <p>The enlistment, service, and experience of military life in the battalions are described in the song "Aryeh, Aryeh." </p><p>The <i>Menorah Club</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a club for veterans of the 'Jewish Battalions,' established in Jerusalem in 1923. Initially located on Jaffa Street, it moved near the <a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bezalel Academy">Bezalel Academy</a> in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various gatherings, parties, and events were held at the club.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Beit HaGdudim" is a museum commemorating their work.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located in <a href="/wiki/Avihayil" title="Avihayil">Avihayil</a>, a moshav founded by battalion veterans. It was also decided to move the ashes of John Patterson there. </p><p>The Jewish Legion Memorial Park exists near the beginning of the trail in the Shiloh Stream. The Jewish battalions are also commemorated at the Memorial for the Jewish Volunteers in the British Army during the World Wars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_(_1915)_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D.-PHG-1003805.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Zion Mule Corps Ammunition Company in Egypt 1915"><img alt="Zion Mule Corps Ammunition Company in Egypt 1915" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%28_1915%29_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D.-PHG-1003805.png/120px-%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%28_1915%29_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D.-PHG-1003805.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%28_1915%29_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D.-PHG-1003805.png/180px-%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%28_1915%29_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D.-PHG-1003805.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%28_1915%29_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D.-PHG-1003805.png/240px-%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%28_1915%29_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D.-PHG-1003805.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Zion Mule Corps Ammunition Company in Egypt 1915</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eliezer_Margolin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Colonel Eliezer Margolin of the "First Judeans"."><img alt="Colonel Eliezer Margolin of the "First Judeans"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Eliezer_Margolin.jpg/75px-Eliezer_Margolin.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Eliezer_Margolin.jpg/112px-Eliezer_Margolin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Eliezer_Margolin.jpg/150px-Eliezer_Margolin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="282" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Colonel <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Margolin" title="Eliezer Margolin">Eliezer Margolin</a> of the "First Judeans".</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Morris-ziggles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Private Morris Ziggles of the 39th Battalion and his daughter Stella, 1917."><img alt="Private Morris Ziggles of the 39th Regiment and his daughter Stella, 1917." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Morris-ziggles.jpg/56px-Morris-ziggles.jpg" decoding="async" width="56" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Morris-ziggles.jpg/85px-Morris-ziggles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Morris-ziggles.jpg/113px-Morris-ziggles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="4062" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Private Morris Ziggles of the 39th Battalion and his daughter Stella, 1917.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_1107_People_of_Israel_%D7%96%D7%90%D7%91_%D7%96%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lt. Ze'ev Jabotinsky MBE in uniform of 38th RF (centre seated)."><img alt="Lt. Ze'ev Jabotinsky MBE in uniform of 38th RF (centre seated)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/PikiWiki_Israel_1107_People_of_Israel_%D7%96%D7%90%D7%91_%D7%96%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99.jpg/120px-PikiWiki_Israel_1107_People_of_Israel_%D7%96%D7%90%D7%91_%D7%96%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/PikiWiki_Israel_1107_People_of_Israel_%D7%96%D7%90%D7%91_%D7%96%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99.jpg/180px-PikiWiki_Israel_1107_People_of_Israel_%D7%96%D7%90%D7%91_%D7%96%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/PikiWiki_Israel_1107_People_of_Israel_%D7%96%D7%90%D7%91_%D7%96%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99.jpg/240px-PikiWiki_Israel_1107_People_of_Israel_%D7%96%D7%90%D7%91_%D7%96%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="509" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lt. <a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Ze'ev Jabotinsky</a> MBE in uniform of 38th <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fusiliers" title="Royal Fusiliers">RF</a> (centre seated).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JewishLeagueFortEdwardNovaScotia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="39th Battalion, Jewish Legion, at Fort Edward (Nova Scotia), Yom Kippur, 1918."><img alt="39th Battalion, Jewish Legion, at Fort Edward (Nova Scotia), Yom Kippur, 1918." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/JewishLeagueFortEdwardNovaScotia.jpg/120px-JewishLeagueFortEdwardNovaScotia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/JewishLeagueFortEdwardNovaScotia.jpg/180px-JewishLeagueFortEdwardNovaScotia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/JewishLeagueFortEdwardNovaScotia.jpg/240px-JewishLeagueFortEdwardNovaScotia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="854" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">39th Battalion, Jewish Legion, at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Edward_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Fort Edward (Nova Scotia)">Fort Edward (Nova Scotia)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a>, 1918.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Officers_of_39th_Royal_Fusiliers_(Jewish),_Helmieh_Camp,_Cairo,_August_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Officers of 39th Royal Fusiliers (Jewish), Helmieh Camp, Cairo, August 1918."><img alt="Officers of 39th Royal Fusiliers (Jewish), Helmieh Camp, Cairo, August 1918." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Officers_of_39th_Royal_Fusiliers_%28Jewish%29%2C_Helmieh_Camp%2C_Cairo%2C_August_1918.jpg/120px-Officers_of_39th_Royal_Fusiliers_%28Jewish%29%2C_Helmieh_Camp%2C_Cairo%2C_August_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Officers_of_39th_Royal_Fusiliers_%28Jewish%29%2C_Helmieh_Camp%2C_Cairo%2C_August_1918.jpg/180px-Officers_of_39th_Royal_Fusiliers_%28Jewish%29%2C_Helmieh_Camp%2C_Cairo%2C_August_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Officers_of_39th_Royal_Fusiliers_%28Jewish%29%2C_Helmieh_Camp%2C_Cairo%2C_August_1918.jpg/240px-Officers_of_39th_Royal_Fusiliers_%28Jewish%29%2C_Helmieh_Camp%2C_Cairo%2C_August_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1324" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Officers of 39th Royal Fusiliers (Jewish), Helmieh Camp, Cairo, August 1918.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eliazar_Margolin_leading_the_39th_Royal_Fusiliers_through_Bet_Shemen_in_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Col. Margolin leading the 39th Battalion of the Jewish Legion through Bet Shemen."><img alt="Col. Margolin leading the 39th Battalion of the Jewish Legion through Bet Shemen." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Eliazar_Margolin_leading_the_39th_Royal_Fusiliers_through_Bet_Shemen_in_Israel.jpg/120px-Eliazar_Margolin_leading_the_39th_Royal_Fusiliers_through_Bet_Shemen_in_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Eliazar_Margolin_leading_the_39th_Royal_Fusiliers_through_Bet_Shemen_in_Israel.jpg/180px-Eliazar_Margolin_leading_the_39th_Royal_Fusiliers_through_Bet_Shemen_in_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Eliazar_Margolin_leading_the_39th_Royal_Fusiliers_through_Bet_Shemen_in_Israel.jpg/240px-Eliazar_Margolin_leading_the_39th_Royal_Fusiliers_through_Bet_Shemen_in_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Col. Margolin leading the 39th Battalion of the Jewish Legion through <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bet_Shemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bet Shemen (page does not exist)">Bet Shemen</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewish_Legion_in_World_War_I_Memorial_IMG_3128.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jewish Legion camped at what would become Shilo, Mateh Binyamin"><img alt="Jewish Legion camped at what would become Shilo, Mateh Binyamin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jewish_Legion_in_World_War_I_Memorial_IMG_3128.JPG/120px-Jewish_Legion_in_World_War_I_Memorial_IMG_3128.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jewish_Legion_in_World_War_I_Memorial_IMG_3128.JPG/180px-Jewish_Legion_in_World_War_I_Memorial_IMG_3128.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jewish_Legion_in_World_War_I_Memorial_IMG_3128.JPG/240px-Jewish_Legion_in_World_War_I_Memorial_IMG_3128.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4916" data-file-height="1522" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jewish Legion camped at what would become <a href="/wiki/Shilo,_Mateh_Binyamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Shilo, Mateh Binyamin">Shilo, Mateh Binyamin</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gershon_Agronsky_Jewish_Legionnaire_uniform_1918.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gershon Agron in his Jewish Legionnaire uniform, 1918"><img alt="Gershon Agron in his Jewish Legionnaire uniform, 1918" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Gershon_Agronsky_Jewish_Legionnaire_uniform_1918.png/84px-Gershon_Agronsky_Jewish_Legionnaire_uniform_1918.png" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Gershon_Agronsky_Jewish_Legionnaire_uniform_1918.png/126px-Gershon_Agronsky_Jewish_Legionnaire_uniform_1918.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Gershon_Agronsky_Jewish_Legionnaire_uniform_1918.png/168px-Gershon_Agronsky_Jewish_Legionnaire_uniform_1918.png 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="594" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Gershon Agron in his Jewish Legionnaire uniform, 1918</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F-JNF039459.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Private Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, a volunteer in the Jewish Legion 1918."><img alt="Private Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, a volunteer in the Jewish Legion 1918." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F-JNF039459.jpeg/76px-%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F-JNF039459.jpeg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F-JNF039459.jpeg/114px-%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F-JNF039459.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F-JNF039459.jpeg/152px-%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F-JNF039459.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Private <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Zvi" title="Yitzhak Ben-Zvi">Yitzhak Ben-Zvi</a>, a volunteer in the Jewish Legion 1918. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1918_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%A8_-_i%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99i_btm11334.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shimon Kushner in the uniform of the Hebrew Battalion 1918"><img alt="Shimon Kushner in the uniform of the Hebrew Battalion 1918" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/1918_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%A8_-_i%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99i_btm11334.jpeg/76px-1918_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%A8_-_i%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99i_btm11334.jpeg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/1918_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%A8_-_i%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99i_btm11334.jpeg/114px-1918_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%A8_-_i%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99i_btm11334.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/1918_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%A8_-_i%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99i_btm11334.jpeg/152px-1918_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%A8_-_i%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99i_btm11334.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="566" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shimon Kushner in the uniform of the Hebrew Battalion 1918</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:YaakovDori.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yaakov Dori"><img alt="Yaakov Dori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/YaakovDori.jpg/77px-YaakovDori.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/YaakovDori.jpg/116px-YaakovDori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/YaakovDori.jpg/155px-YaakovDori.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1808" data-file-height="2794" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yaakov Dori</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Private_Jacob_Epstein_(7500049192).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Private Jacob Epstein"><img alt="Private Jacob Epstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Private_Jacob_Epstein_%287500049192%29.jpg/84px-Private_Jacob_Epstein_%287500049192%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Private_Jacob_Epstein_%287500049192%29.jpg/127px-Private_Jacob_Epstein_%287500049192%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Private_Jacob_Epstein_%287500049192%29.jpg/169px-Private_Jacob_Epstein_%287500049192%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Private Jacob Epstein</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%AA_1918_(%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%9F-PHAL-1621100.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Jewish Legion Soldiers at El Arish Egypt 1918"><img alt="Jewish Legion Soldiers at El Arish Egypt 1918" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%AA_1918_%28%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%9F-PHAL-1621100.png/120px-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%AA_1918_%28%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%9F-PHAL-1621100.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%AA_1918_%28%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%9F-PHAL-1621100.png/180px-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%AA_1918_%28%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%9F-PHAL-1621100.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%AA_1918_%28%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%9F-PHAL-1621100.png/240px-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%AA_1918_%28%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%9F-PHAL-1621100.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jewish Legion Soldiers at El Arish Egypt 1918</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_28785_Israel_Defense_Forces.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Jewish Legion celebrates Passover 1919."><img alt="The Jewish Legion celebrates Passover 1919." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PikiWiki_Israel_28785_Israel_Defense_Forces.jpg/120px-PikiWiki_Israel_28785_Israel_Defense_Forces.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PikiWiki_Israel_28785_Israel_Defense_Forces.jpg/180px-PikiWiki_Israel_28785_Israel_Defense_Forces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PikiWiki_Israel_28785_Israel_Defense_Forces.jpg/240px-PikiWiki_Israel_28785_Israel_Defense_Forces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="453" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Jewish Legion celebrates Passover 1919.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99-JNF029623.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jewish Legion standard 1 January 1918"><img alt="Jewish Legion standard 1 January 1918" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99-JNF029623.jpeg/120px-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99-JNF029623.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99-JNF029623.jpeg/180px-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99-JNF029623.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99-JNF029623.jpeg/240px-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99-JNF029623.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="418" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jewish Legion standard 1 January 1918</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%AA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Judea Liberated postcard. At the lower right is a Jewish Legion soldier."><img alt="Judea Liberated postcard. At the lower right is a Jewish Legion soldier." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%AA.jpg/113px-%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%AA.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%AA.jpg/170px-%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%AA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%AA.jpg/227px-%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%AA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1674" data-file-height="1772" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Judea Liberated postcard. At the lower right is a Jewish Legion soldier.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1940_POSTER_CALLING_FOR_CONTRIBUTIONS_TO_KEREN_HAYESOD._%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-40_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93.D247-011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1940 Poster featuring Jabotinsky of the Jewish Legion. For contributions to Keren Hayesod."><img alt="1940 Poster featuring Jabotinsky of the Jewish Legion. For contributions to Keren Hayesod." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/1940_POSTER_CALLING_FOR_CONTRIBUTIONS_TO_KEREN_HAYESOD._%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-40_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93.D247-011.jpg/76px-1940_POSTER_CALLING_FOR_CONTRIBUTIONS_TO_KEREN_HAYESOD._%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-40_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93.D247-011.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/1940_POSTER_CALLING_FOR_CONTRIBUTIONS_TO_KEREN_HAYESOD._%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-40_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93.D247-011.jpg/114px-1940_POSTER_CALLING_FOR_CONTRIBUTIONS_TO_KEREN_HAYESOD._%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-40_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93.D247-011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/1940_POSTER_CALLING_FOR_CONTRIBUTIONS_TO_KEREN_HAYESOD._%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-40_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93.D247-011.jpg/153px-1940_POSTER_CALLING_FOR_CONTRIBUTIONS_TO_KEREN_HAYESOD._%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-40_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93.D247-011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1939" data-file-height="3047" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1940 Poster featuring Jabotinsky of the Jewish Legion. For contributions to <a href="/wiki/Keren_Hayesod" title="Keren Hayesod">Keren Hayesod</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%AA%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%22%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F%22.-JNF035417.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jewish Legion Veterans March in Jerusalem in protest against the "Palestine White Paper" restricting Jewish Immigration 18 May 1939"><img alt="Jewish Legion Veterans March in Jerusalem in protest against the "Palestine White Paper" restricting Jewish Immigration 18 May 1939" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%AA%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%22%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F%22.-JNF035417.jpeg/120px-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%AA%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%22%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F%22.-JNF035417.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%AA%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%22%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F%22.-JNF035417.jpeg/180px-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%AA%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%22%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F%22.-JNF035417.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%AA%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%22%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F%22.-JNF035417.jpeg/240px-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%AA%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%22%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F%22.-JNF035417.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="408" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jewish Legion Veterans March in Jerusalem in protest against the "Palestine White Paper" restricting Jewish Immigration 18 May 1939</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MEMBERS_OF_THE_WORLD_WAR_I_JEWISH_LEGION_MARCHING_ON_THE_%22JEWISH_SOLDIERS_DAY%22_IN_TEL_AVIV._%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91._%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D,_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%95D817-123.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Veterans of the Jewish Legion, 27 September 1942, Tel Aviv."><img alt="Veterans of the Jewish Legion, 27 September 1942, Tel Aviv." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/MEMBERS_OF_THE_WORLD_WAR_I_JEWISH_LEGION_MARCHING_ON_THE_%22JEWISH_SOLDIERS_DAY%22_IN_TEL_AVIV._%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91._%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D%2C_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%95D817-123.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/MEMBERS_OF_THE_WORLD_WAR_I_JEWISH_LEGION_MARCHING_ON_THE_%22JEWISH_SOLDIERS_DAY%22_IN_TEL_AVIV._%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91._%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D%2C_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%95D817-123.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/MEMBERS_OF_THE_WORLD_WAR_I_JEWISH_LEGION_MARCHING_ON_THE_%22JEWISH_SOLDIERS_DAY%22_IN_TEL_AVIV._%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91._%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D%2C_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%95D817-123.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2508" data-file-height="2508" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Veterans of the Jewish Legion, 27 September 1942, Tel Aviv.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notable members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ha-Hitnadvut.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ha-Hitnadvut.svg/220px-Ha-Hitnadvut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ha-Hitnadvut.svg/330px-Ha-Hitnadvut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ha-Hitnadvut.svg/440px-Ha-Hitnadvut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Volunteer_Ribbon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Volunteer Ribbon">The Volunteer Ribbon</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Patterson_(author)" title="John Henry Patterson (author)">John Henry Patterson</a>, Commander of Zion Mule Corps and 38th Battalion Royal Fusiliers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Margolin" title="Eliezer Margolin">Eliezer Margolin</a>, Commander of the 39th Battalion Royal Fusiliers and the First Judaeans</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershon_Agron" title="Gershon Agron">Gershon Agron</a>, Mayor of Jerusalem</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Ausubel" title="Nathan Ausubel">Nathan Ausubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish-American">Jewish-American</a> author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Zvi" title="Yitzhak Ben-Zvi">Yitzhak Ben-Zvi</a>, second <a href="/wiki/Israeli_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli President">Israeli President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Dori" title="Yaakov Dori">Yaakov Dori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> leader; first <a href="/wiki/Ramatkal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramatkal">Chief of Staff</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>, President of the <a href="/wiki/Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology" title="Technion – Israel Institute of Technology">Technion – Israel Institute of Technology</a></li> <li>Maxwell H. Dubin, rabbi, Wilshire Boulevard Temple, Los Angeles</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Epstein" title="Jacob Epstein">Jacob Epstein</a>, British sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Eshkol" title="Levi Eshkol">Levi Eshkol</a>, third <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fischer" title="Louis Fischer">Louis Fischer</a>, Jewish-American journalist and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Golomb" title="Eliyahu Golomb">Eliyahu Golomb</a>, founding member of the Haganah</li> <li>David Grün, later <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">Ben-Gurion</a>, first Israeli Prime Minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachum_Gutman" title="Nachum Gutman">Nachum Gutman</a>, Israeli painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dov_Hoz" title="Dov Hoz">Dov Hoz</a>, Zionist activist, Haganah fighter</li> <li>Julius Jacobs, brother-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Smilansky" title="Moshe Smilansky">Moshe Smilansky</a>; killed in the <a href="/wiki/King_David_Hotel_bombing" title="King David Hotel bombing">King David Hotel bombing</a>, 22 July 1946</li> <li>Bernard Joseph, later <a href="/wiki/Dov_Yosef" title="Dov Yosef">Dov Yosef</a>, Governor of Jewish Jerusalem during the 1948 siege; longtime <a href="/wiki/Mapai" title="Mapai">Labor</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Knesset" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Knesset">MK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berl_Katznelson" title="Berl Katznelson">Berl Katznelson</a>, Zionist philosopher and activist</li> <li>Reuven Katzenelson, Sergeant under Joseph Trumpeldor at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gallipoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Gallipoli">Battle of Gallipoli</a> and father of <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Tamir" title="Shmuel Tamir">Shmuel Tamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%22Yank%22_Levy" class="mw-redirect" title=""Yank" Levy">Bert "Yank" Levy</a>, Internationalist in Spain and military instructor for the <a href="/wiki/British_Home_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="British Home Guard">British Home Guard</a>. His work served as the basis for a popular handbook on <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Mer" title="Gideon Mer">Gideon Mer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> physician, veteran of Zion Mule Corps, Jewish Legion and British Army in the Second World War. Served as a medic in the <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a>; later worked in the Israeli Ministry of Health. (Note: he is the unnamed officer in charge of an anti-malaria programme during the Second World War – mentioned in Martin Sugarman's article<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the Zion Mule Corps.)</li> <li>Nehemiah Rubitzov, father of <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Rosenberg" title="Israel Rosenberg">Israel Rosenberg</a>, also known as 'The grandfather of the Jewish Legion'<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Armand_de_Rothschild" class="mw-redirect" title="James Armand de Rothschild">James Armand de Rothschild</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Conduct_Medal" title="Distinguished Conduct Medal">DCM</a> Major, 39th Royal Fusiliers Battalion; Captain <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Dragoons" title="Royal Canadian Dragoons">Royal Canadian Dragoons</a>; a member of the <a href="/wiki/Rothschild_family" title="Rothschild family">Rothschild family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcliffe_N._Salaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Redcliffe N. Salaman">Redcliffe N. Salaman</a>, medical officer, from April 1918 in Egypt and Palestine, 38th Battalion, then 39th of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fusiliers" title="Royal Fusiliers">Royal Fusiliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Herbert_Samuel,_2nd_Viscount_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Herbert Samuel, 2nd Viscount Samuel">Edwin Herbert Samuel, 2nd Viscount Samuel</a>; <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Michael_and_St._George" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Michael and St. George">CMG</a> son of <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel">Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Smilansky" title="Moshe Smilansky">Moshe Smilansky</a>, pioneer of the <a href="/wiki/First_Aliyah" title="First Aliyah">First Aliyah</a>, a Zionist leader who advocated peaceful coexistence with the Arabs in Mandatory Palestine, a farmer, and a prolific author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sperling" title="Edward Sperling">Edward Sperling</a>, humourist and later <a href="/wiki/Director-general" class="mw-redirect" title="Director-general">director-general</a> of the Ministry of Trade and Industry under the <a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Palestine" title="Mandate for Palestine">British Mandate of Palestine</a>; killed in the 1946 <a href="/wiki/King_David_Hotel_bombing" title="King David Hotel bombing">King David Hotel bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_Sukenik" title="Eleazar Sukenik">Eleazar Sukenik</a>, Israeli archaeologist; father of <a href="/wiki/Yigael_Yadin" title="Yigael Yadin">Yigael Yadin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Tidhar" title="David Tidhar">David Tidhar</a>, Police officer, private investigator and author</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Jewish Battalions in World War I: Documents and Records</i>, Tel Aviv: <a href="/wiki/Jabotinsky_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabotinsky Institute">Jabotinsky Institute</a>, 1968.</li> <li>Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, <i>The Jewish Battalions – Letters</i>, Jerusalem: <a href="/wiki/Ben-Zvi_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben-Zvi Institute">Ben-Zvi Institute</a>, 1968.</li> <li>Rafael Doron (Boyanovsky), <i>Legionnaires from Argentina: Volunteers in the Jewish Battalion in World War I – Life Chapters</i>, Edited by Dvora Schechner, Afterword by Muki Tzur, Yad Yaari, Givat Haviva, 2007.</li> <li>Avraham Yaari, <i>Memories of Eretz Yisrael</i>, Volume II, <a href="/wiki/Zionist_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist Organization">Zionist Organization</a>; Tel Aviv: Masada Press, 1947, pp. 1104–1133: <ul><li>Chapter 103, In the Jewish Volunteer Battalion in America, Yafat Yudilovich, 1918</li> <li>Chapter 104, Establishing the Palestinian Jewish Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Smilansky" title="Moshe Smilansky">Moshe Smilansky</a>, 1918</li> <li>Chapter 105, The Life of a Soldier in the Palestinian Jewish Battalion, Shimon Kushnir, 1918-1920</li> <li>Chapter 106, Passover in the Jewish Battalion in <a href="/wiki/Beit_Shean" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Shean">Beit Shean</a>, Shmuel Bas, 1920</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Patterson_(author)" title="John Henry Patterson (author)">John Patterson</a>, <i>With the Jewish Battalions in Eretz Yisrael</i> (translated from English: Chaya Wali), Introduction by <a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Ze'ev Jabotinsky</a>, Jerusalem: Mitzpeh Publishing, Jerusalem - Tel Aviv, 1929.</li> <li>Yigal Eilam, <i>The Jewish Battalions in World War I</i>, Ministry of Defense Publishing, Tel Aviv, 1973.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Ze'ev Jabotinsky</a>, <i>The Legion Scroll: The Story of the Jewish Battalions in World War I</i> (revised edition), Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense Publishing, 1991 (= Ze'ev Jabotinsky (posthumously), <i>Autobiography</i> (in the series of writings), published by <a href="/wiki/Ari_Jabotinsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Ari Jabotinsky">Ari Jabotinsky</a>, Jerusalem, 1947).</li> <li>Michael Keren and Shlomit Keren, <i>We Are Coming, Unafraid: The Jewish Legions and the Promised Land in the First World War</i>, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010.</li> <li>Moshe Beller, Ze'ev Jabotinsky in His Ideological Struggle for the Jewish Battalions (On the 60th Anniversary of Their Establishment), <a href="/wiki/Hauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauma">Hauma</a>, XV (51-52), 1977, pp. 417–427.</li> <li>Arnon Lamperom, "Yitzhak Ben-Zvi and the Commemoration of Yosef Benyamin: A Failed Attempt to Establish a Heritage Site," Archive 17, Winter 2013, pp. 48–55. See the article online in Archive 17.</li> <li>Rachel Silko, An Ephemeral Episode or the Beginning of a Military Tradition? The Military Aspect in the Families of the Jewish Legion Soldiers, The Chain of Generations Volume XXI, No. 3, August 2007, pp. 22–26.</li> <li>Shlomit Keren, The Jewish Battalions in World War I as a Source of Military Culture in Israel, <a href="/wiki/National_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security">National Security</a> 5, 2007, pp. 93–109.</li> <li>Ofer Regev <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mida.org.il/2019/01/08/ביקורת-ספר-הקולונל-הבריטי-שהתאהב-בציו/">Book Review on John Patterson</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Patterson, John H. <i>With the Judaeans in the Palestine campaign.</i> Uckfield : Naval & Military Press, [2004 reprint] <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84342-829-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84342-829-9">978-1-84342-829-9</a></li> <li>Jabotinsky, Vladimir. <i>The story of the Jewish Legion.</i> New York: Bernard Ackerman, 1945. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/177504">177504</a></li> <li>Freulich, Roman. <i>Soldiers in Judea: Stories and vignettes of the Jewish Legion.</i> Herzl Press, 1965. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3382262">3382262</a></li> <li>Gilner, Elias. <i>Fighting dreamers; a history of the Jewish Legion in World War One,: With a glimpse at other Jewish fighting groups of the period.</i> 1968. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/431968">431968</a></li> <li>Gilner, Elias. <i>War and Hope. A History of the Jewish Legion.</i> New York; Herzl Press: 1969. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59592">59592</a></li> <li>Keren, Michael and Shlomit Keren, <i>We Are Coming, Unafraid: The Jewish Legions and the Promised Land in the First World War</i>. Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-0550-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-0550-5">978-1-4422-0550-5</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/700447107">700447107</a></li> <li>Kraines, Oscar. <i>The soldiers of Zion: The Jewish Legion, 1915–1921.</i> 1985. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13115081">13115081</a></li> <li>Lammfromm, Arnon, "Izhak Ben-Zvi and the Commemoration of Joseph Binyamini: A Failed Attempt to Create a Site of National Heritage", <b>Archion</b>, 17, Winter 2013, pages 48–55, 68 (Hebrew and English abstract)</li> <li>Marrion, R.J. <i>"The Jewish Legion," 39th (service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment), 1918–1919.</i> 1987.</li> <li>Watts, Martin. <i>The Jewish Legion and the First World War.</i> 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-3921-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-3921-0">978-1-4039-3921-0</a></li> <li>"When the spirit of Judah Maccabee hovered over Whitechapel Road and – The march of the 38th Royal Fusiliers" by Martin Sugarman, Western Front Association Journal, Jan 2010.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAspinall-Oglander1929" class="citation book cs1">Aspinall-Oglander, C. F. (1929). <i>Military Operations Gallipoli: Inception of the Campaign to May 1915</i>. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (1st ed.). London: Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/464479053">464479053</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Operations+Gallipoli%3A+Inception+of+the+Campaign+to+May+1915&rft.place=London&rft.series=History+of+the+Great+War+Based+on+Official+Documents+by+Direction+of+the+Historical+Section+of+the+Committee+of+Imperial+Defence&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1929&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F464479053&rft.aulast=Aspinall-Oglander&rft.aufirst=C.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+Legion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1917" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, H. M. (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ontwofrontsbeing00alexrich"><i>On Two Fronts: Being the Adventures of an Indian Mule Corps in France and Gallipoli</i></a>. London: Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12034903">12034903</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Two+Fronts%3A+Being+the+Adventures+of+an+Indian+Mule+Corps+in+France+and+Gallipoli&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1917&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12034903&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=H.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fontwofrontsbeing00alexrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+Legion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson1916" class="citation book cs1">Patterson, J. H. (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/withzionistsinga00pattiala"><i>With the Zionists in Gallipoli</i></a>. London: Hutchinson. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/466253048">466253048</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+the+Zionists+in+Gallipoli&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hutchinson&rft.date=1916&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F466253048&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwithzionistsinga00pattiala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+Legion" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Approximate numbers, according to <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Various photographs, posters, and documents related to the Menorah Club are available in the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel">National Library of Israel</a> collections.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the map of Jerusalem by Ze'ev Vilnai, published by Steimatzky in 1935, with the club’s location marked. Viewing is possible from the National Library building.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Eyal Davidson, "Menorah Garden: The Evolution of a Jerusalem Pit," <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Eyal_Davidson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Eyal Davidson (page does not exist)">Dr. Eyal Davidson</a>'s site.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Photos by Tzvi Oron documenting the Menorah Club.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reuven Gefen, "The Menorah Club in Jerusalem," <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zionist_Archives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zionist Archives (page does not exist)">Zionist Archives</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The museum's page on the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Defense (Israel)">Ministry of Defense (Israel)</a> site.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevyWintringham1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/%22Yank%22_Levy" class="mw-redirect" title=""Yank" Levy">Levy, Bert "Yank"</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wintringham" title="Tom Wintringham">Wintringham, Tom (Foreword)</a> (1964) [1942]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140412013656/http://www.solargeneral.com/library/guerrilla-warfare-by-yank-bert-levy.pdf"><i>Guerilla Warfare</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Paladin Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solargeneral.com/library/guerrilla-warfare-by-yank-bert-levy.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guerilla+Warfare&rft.pub=Paladin+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Bert+%22Yank%22&rft.au=Wintringham%2C+Tom+%28Foreword%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solargeneral.com%2Flibrary%2Fguerrilla-warfare-by-yank-bert-levy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+Legion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071225180154/http://www.veterans.org.il/?p=206">"Mer, Professor Gideon"</a>. Israel War Veterans League. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veterans.org.il/?p=206">the original</a> on 25 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mer%2C+Professor+Gideon&rft.pub=Israel+War+Veterans+League&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.veterans.org.il%2F%3Fp%3D206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+Legion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewsfww.london/files/?m=1665&s=1&l=1">The Zion Muleteers of Gallipoli (March 1915 – May 1916)</a> article. Retrieved 11 November 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.jabotinsky.org/archive/search-archive/item/?itemId=101644">"מכון ז'בוטינסקי | Item"</a>. <i>en.jabotinsky.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.jabotinsky.org&rft.atitle=%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F+%D7%96%27%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99+%26%23124%3B+Item&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.jabotinsky.org%2Farchive%2Fsearch-archive%2Fitem%2F%3FitemId%3D101644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+Legion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/British_Jewry_Book_of_Honour/6sfP_JEKSU0C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=fitchburg+fusiliers+in+1900&printsec=frontcover">Link of Interest of Jews of British Empire 1914-1918 "British Jewry Book of Honor" 1922</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewisheastend.com/jewishlegion.html">Jewish Legion and Jewish East End of London Link</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/474290/I%20BENDOW/">CWGC record of I Bendow</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn78004468/1919-12-05/ed-1/seq-3/">Note Born Israel Bendow Feigelman</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Legion&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Brigade" title="Jewish Brigade">Jewish Brigade</a>, a similar military formation of volunteer Jews in the British Army that fought in the Second World War</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Legion_(Anders_Army)" title="Jewish Legion (Anders Army)">Jewish Legion (Anders Army)</a>, a proposed unit in the Polish <a href="/wiki/Anders_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Anders Army">Anders Army</a> in USSR during the Second World War</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilhas_Tizig_Gesheften" title="Tilhas Tizig Gesheften">Tilhas Tizig Gesheften</a>, organisation which grew out of the Jewish Brigade</li></ul> <div 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