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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Linguistical perspective on the Galician and Portuguese languages</div> <p> <b>Reintegrationism</b> (<span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">reintegracionismo</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Galician:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">[rejnteɣɾaθjoˈnizmʊ,<span class="wrap"> </span>-asjo-]</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">European Portuguese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-PT-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ʁɛ.ĩtɨɣɾɐsjuˈniʒmu]</a></span>), or <b>Lusism</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistic</a> movement in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> that advocates for the recognition of <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> and varieties of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese language</a> as a single language.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Reintegrationists argue that the different dialects of Galician and Portuguese should be classified as part of the <a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a> language, rather than two languages within a common branch. The largest reintegrationist association is the <a href="/wiki/Galician_Language_Association" title="Galician Language Association">Galician Language Association</a> (AGAL). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reintegrationism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reintegrationists also believe that the official orthography of the <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician language</a>, regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Galician_Academy" title="Royal Galician Academy">Royal Galician Academy</a>, is too <a href="/wiki/Hispanicization#Spain" title="Hispanicization">Castilianized</a> and artificially separates it from the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Portuguese" title="Northern Portuguese">northern varieties of Portuguese</a>. However, the Spanish influence on Galician dates back to centuries prior to standardization, namely the <a href="/wiki/Galician-language_literature#Dark_Centuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-language literature">Dark Centuries</a>, when Galician lost its official recognition and stopped being a written language, thus becoming the spoken language of the lower classes in the region.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During the <i><a href="/wiki/Rexurdimento" title="Rexurdimento">Rexurdimento</a></i>, many Galician authors initially found that they didn't know how to write Galician,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> since it didn't have a standard form yet. The current Galician grammar is thought to have been influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_grammar" title="Spanish grammar">Spanish</a> one since it could've been seen as a crucial step for recognition within the Spanish state.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Galician_Language_Association" title="Galician Language Association">Galician Language Association</a> (Reintegrationist Galician: <i>Associaçom Galega da Língua</i>) was founded in 1981 under the name "<i>Estudo crítica das normativas ortográficos e morfolóxicas do idioma galego</i>" and officially published its own standard grammar in 1983,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which closely resembles the grammar of Old <a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a> and thus the modern varieties of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>. The main goal of the association is to reinsert Galician, especially in its written form, in a Galician-<a href="/wiki/European_Portuguese" title="European Portuguese">Portuguese</a>-<a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Brazilian</a> <a href="/wiki/Diasystem" title="Diasystem">diasystem</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Practicalities">Practicalities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reintegrationism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Practicalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In writing, the most obvious differences from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Normas_Ortogr%C3%A1ficas_e_Morfol%C3%B3xicas_do_Idioma_Galego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normas Ortográficas e Morfolóxicas do Idioma Galego (page does not exist)">official norm (NOMIGa)</a> are (according to AGAL):<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Use of <span class="nowrap">⟨nh⟩</span> instead of the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨ñ⟩</span> to represent the <a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal">palatal nasal</a> sound. For example: <i>cami<b>nh</b>o</i> instead of <i>cami<b>ñ</b>o</i> (way).</li> <li>Use of <span class="nowrap">⟨mh⟩</span> instead of <span class="nowrap">⟨nh⟩</span> to represent the <a href="/wiki/Velar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar nasal">velar nasal</a> sound. For example: <i>algu<b>mh</b>a</i> instead of <i>algu<b>nh</b>a</i>.</li> <li>Use of the digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨lh⟩</span> instead of <span class="nowrap">⟨ll⟩</span> to represent the <a href="/wiki/Palatal_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal lateral approximant">palatal lateral</a> sound. For example: <i>coe<b>lh</b>o</i> instead of <i>coe<b>ll</b>o</i> (rabbit)</li> <li>Use of <span class="nowrap">⟨çom⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨ção⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨çons⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨ções⟩</span> instead of the suffix <span class="nowrap">⟨ción⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨cións⟩</span>. For example: <i>associa<b>çom</b></i>/<i>associa<b>ção</b></i> instead of <i>asocia<b>ción</b></i> and <i>associa<b>çons</b></i>/<i>associa<b>ções</b></i> instead of <i>asocia<b>cións</b></i> (association, associations)</li> <li>Preference for the use of suffixes <span class="nowrap">⟨aria⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨vel⟩</span> over <span class="nowrap">⟨ería⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨ble⟩</span> or even <span class="nowrap">⟨bel⟩</span>. For example: <i>livr<b>aria</b></i> instead of <i>libr<b>ería</b></i> (bookshop); <i>incrí<b>vel</b></i> instead of <i>incri<b>ble</b></i> or <i>incrí<b>bel</b></i> (incredible)</li> <li>Use of <span class="nowrap">⟨ss⟩</span> between vowels, when appropriate, instead of the simplified <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> for all cases. For example: <i>a<b>ss</b>ociação</i> instead of <i>a<b>s</b>ociación</i></li> <li>Use of either <span class="nowrap">⟨x⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨j⟩</span> or <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> preceding <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span> or <span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span>, according to the etymology of the word, instead of <span class="nowrap">⟨x⟩</span> for all cases. For example: <i>ho<b>j</b>e</i> instead of <i>ho<b>x</b>e</i> (today), <i><b>g</b>eral</i> instead of <i><b>x</b>eral</i> (general), but <i>e<b>x</b>ército</i> as in <i>e<b>x</b>ército</i> (army)</li> <li>Use of <span class="nowrap">⟨m⟩</span> instead of <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> at the end of a word. For example: <i>so<b>m</b></i> instead of <i>so<b>n</b></i> (sound)</li> <li>Use of a wider range of accentuation signs instead of the simplified single stroke. For example: <i>portugu<b>ê</b>s</i> instead of <i>portugu<b>é</b>s</i> (Portuguese), <i>coment<b>á</b>rio</i> instead of <i>coment<b>a</b>rio</i> (commentary). Note that the official orthography, being a calque of the Spanish one in that respect, does not cater for any difference between open and closed vowels, since Spanish does not have them.</li> <li>Avoidance of specific lexical choices introduced by <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li></ul> <p>Galician members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Posada" title="José Posada">José Posada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Nogueira" class="mw-redirect" title="Camilo Nogueira">Camilo Nogueira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xos%C3%A9_Manuel_Beiras" title="Xosé Manuel Beiras">Xosé Manuel Beiras</a>) have used spoken Galician when addressing the chamber and have used standard Portuguese orthography to encode their Galician speech. In all cases, these interventions and encodings have been accepted by the Parliament as a valid form of Portuguese, that is, an official language of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, members of Galician reintegrationist associations have been regularly present at meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries</a>. In 2008, Galician delegates were invited as speakers to the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Parliament">Portuguese Parliament</a> when discussing the new <a href="/wiki/Spelling_reforms_of_Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Spelling reforms of Portuguese">spelling norms</a> for the Portuguese language.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reintegrationism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of the Galician population was educated in Spanish only (as official use of Galician was rare or even absent for centuries,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>especially in <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist Spain</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>In this fashion, it is argued that Galician would be faithful to its history and <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> and subsequently its written norm would be more scientific and precise.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Thus, it would allow Galician speakers to have direct access to a world culture and it would also clarify some spelling problems of the isolationist norm (for example in terms of <a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">stress</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of Portuguese linguists and authors such as <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Lindley_Cintra" title="Luís Lindley Cintra">Luís Lindley Cintra</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Rodrigues_Lapa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Rodrigues Lapa (page does not exist)">Manuel Rodrigues Lapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Ven%C3%A2ncio" title="Fernando Venâncio">Fernando Venâncio</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Ant%C3%B3nio_Alves_dos_Reis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos António Alves dos Reis (page does not exist)">Carlos Reis</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C3%A3o_Malaca_Casteleiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="João Malaca Casteleiro (page does not exist)">Malaca Casteleiro</a> have expressed their agreement with the reintegrationist views.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genesis_of_the_debate">Genesis of the debate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reintegrationism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Genesis of the debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Authors such as <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Daniel_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Castelao" title="Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao">Castelao</a>, among others, stated that Galician should gradually merge with Portuguese, namely in its written form.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Lusitanian and Galician languages are the same.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Benito_Jer%C3%B3nimo_Feij%C3%B3o_y_Montenegro" title="Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro">Padre Feijóo</a>, <i>Theatro Critico Universal</i>, 1726</cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There are two opinions on the orthographic norms of our native language: the phonetic ... influenced by the domination of Spanish, and another one ... where etymology is its main and most logical attribute ... because (Portuguese orthography) is the natural orthography of the Galician language, and I cannot understand how there still are not only doubts about this, but even opinions against it ... with no scientific basis.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Roberto Blanco Torres, <i>La unificación ortográfica del idioma gallego</i>, 1930</cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There is a reason why our language is the same as in Portugal ... Our languages must become the same one again.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Otero_Pedrayo" title="Ramón Otero Pedrayo">Otero Pedrayo</a>, <i>Discursos Parlamentarios</i>, 1933</cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Galician is a wide-spread and useful language which—with small variations—is spoken in Brazil, Portugal and in the Portuguese colonies.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Daniel_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Castelao" title="Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao">Castelao</a>, <i>Sempre en Galiza</i>, 1944</cite></div></blockquote> <p>However, political issues forced the resignation of Carvalho Calero and, consequently, the 1979 pro-reintegrationist norms were revoked. The new official norms and reforms passed from 1982 onwards would be strongly pro-isolationist.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reintegrationism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castrapo" title="Castrapo">Castrapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Language_Association" title="Galician Language Association">Galician Language Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Party">Partido da Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Carvalho_Calero" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricardo Carvalho Calero">Ricardo Carvalho Calero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_reform" title="Spelling reform">Spelling reform</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reintegrationism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agal-gz.org/corporativo/reintegracionismo/5-reintegracionimo/113-guia-de-leitura-dos-grafemas-e-digrafos-da-escrita-do-galego">"Associaçom Galega da Língua"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Associa%C3%A7om+Galega+da+L%C3%ADngua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agal-gz.org%2Fcorporativo%2Freintegracionismo%2F5-reintegracionimo%2F113-guia-de-leitura-dos-grafemas-e-digrafos-da-escrita-do-galego&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReintegrationism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://recantodasletras.uol.com.br/artigos/1133552"><i>O galego já é oficial na União Europeia</i></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, by José Manuel Barbosa, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udc.es/dep/lx/cac/vo/20040526DR/index.htm"><i>O galego na União Europea</i></a>, sound file, by Camilo Nogueira, <a href="/wiki/Celso_%C3%81lvarez_C%C3%A1ccamo" title="Celso Álvarez Cáccamo">Celso Álvarez Cáccamo</a> et al., 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agal-gz.org/modules.php?name=News&file=articlecomments&sid=2452&mode=&order=0&thold=0">Interview to Manuel Garcia: "I spoke Galician in the European Parliament"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717071559/http://www.agal-gz.org/modules.php?name=News&file=articlecomments&sid=2452&mode=&order=0&thold=0">Archived</a> 17 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agal-gz.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=4242"><i>Presença galega no parlamento português na comunicaçom social</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717071614/http://www.agal-gz.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=4242">Archived</a> 17 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freitas, M.P. (2008). <i>A represión linguística en Galiza no S.XX</i>. Ed. Xerais.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Callón, Carlos (2022). <i>O libro negro da língua galega.</i> Ed. Xerais.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2000" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James (2000). <i>One Europe, many nations: a historical dictionary of European national groups</i>. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 279. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-04866-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-04866-5"><bdi>0-313-04866-5</bdi></a>. <q>Following Franco's 1939 victory, the Galicians suffered severe punishment – their culture was suppressed, and edicts were issued forbidding the speaking, teaching, or publishing of books or newspapers in the Galician language.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Europe%2C+many+nations%3A+a+historical+dictionary+of+European+national+groups&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-313-04866-5&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReintegrationism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://membres.multimania.fr/questione/documentos/estudo83/acento.html">Accentuation section on the 'Critical Study' to the ILG-RAG norm, by AGAL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015002712/http://membres.multimania.fr/questione/documentos/estudo83/acento.html">Archived</a> 15 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Access date 1 September 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udc.es/dep/lx/cac/artigos/escrit96.html">Article about the 'Continuum' of the norms in Galicia</a>. Access date 1 September 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pglingua.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=260:aglp-ja-caminha-com-parabens-e-criticas&catid=8:cronicas&Itemid=69">On the opening of the Galician Academy for Portuguese Language</a>. Access date 8 October 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agal-gz.org/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=11">Selected quotes of Castelao and other Galician classics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081005063224/http://www.agal-gz.org/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=11">Archived</a> 5 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, commenting on Galician language and politics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carvalhocalero2010.net/citas">Selected quotes Galician classics on Reintegrationism and the Galician-Portuguese issue</a>, commenting on Galician language and politics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agal-gz.org/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=5">Biography of Carvalho Calero</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511002728/http://www.agal-gz.org/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=5">Archived</a> 11 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, explaining the development of the language norm and his implication in it</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reintegrationism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061102180041/http://www.instituto-camoes.pt/cvc/hlp/biblioteca/novaproposta.pdf"><i>Nova Proposta de Classificação dos Dialectos Galego-Portugueses</i></a>, Luís F. Lindley Cintra, in <i>Boletim de Filologia</i>, 1971, Lisboa, Centro de Estudos Filológicos.</li> <li><i>A Galiza, o galego e Portugal</i>, Manoel Rodrigues Lapa, 1979, Sá da Costa, Lisboa.</li> <li><i>Estudo crítico das normas ortográficas e morfolóxicas do idioma galego</i>, AGAL 1983 and 1989, Corunha.</li> <li><i>Prontuário ortográfico galego</i>, AGAL, 1985, Corunha.</li> <li><i>Sobre o problema da Galiza, da sua cultura e seu idioma</i>, Manoel Rodrigues Lapa, in <i>Agália</i> no. 29, 1992.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724135117/http://www.xoan.net/recursos/Pt_da_Gz.pdf"><i>A língua portuguesa da Galiza</i></a>, compiled for students of Portuguese language at <a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">University College Cork</a>, Xoán M. Paredes, 2006.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061013002624/http://www.agal-gz.org/modules.php?name=IndyNews&MediaOp=get&idMediaAss=s2790&MediaName=venancio_cork_03_2006.pdf&MediaNum=1"><i>"I see my language everywhere": On linguistic relationship between Galicia and Portugal</i></a>, Fernando Venâncio (conference), 2006.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050118074351/http://docs.indymedia.org/view/Local/ImcGalizaOrtoGl"><i>O conflicto ortográfico do galego no CMI Galiza</i></a>, 2006.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/fromgaliza/docs/dossier-vozpropria-19"><i>Reintegracionismo lingüístico: identidade e futuro para o galego</i></a> from the magazine <i>Voz Própria</i>, 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adigal.org.ar/brasilfala.htm"><i>O Brasil fala a língua galega</i></a>, Júlio César Barreto Rocha, Universidade Federal da Rondônia, (date unknown; 2000?).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reintegrationism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agal-gz.org"><i>Associaçom Galega da Língua</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080818232609/http://www.mdl-galiza.org/"><i>Movimento Defesa da Língua</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lusografia.org"><i>Associação de Amizade Galiza-Portugal</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080719004803/http://www.lusografia.org/ifgp"><i>Irmandades da Fala da Galiza e Portugal</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adigal.org.ar"><i>ADIGAL</i></a> – reintegracionist association in Argentina</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aglp.net/"><i>Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa</i></a>, Galician Academy of the Portuguese Language</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novasgz.com"><i>Novas da Galiza</i></a> – newspaper in AGAL norm</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pglingua.org/images/stories/pdfs/2008/20080909_faq_reintegracionismo_gentalha.pdf"><i>FAQ do Reintegracionismo</i></a> – "FAQ on Reintegracionism", by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gentalha.agal-gz.org">Gentalha do Pichel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udc.es/dep/lx/cac/vo/20060221L/20060221L.m3u">Conference by Professor Martinho Monteiro Santalha</a>, where he argues for the linguistic unity of Galician and Portuguese – from minute 04:09</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080930002413/http://www.agal-gz.org/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=15"><i>Amostra comparativa</i></a> – comparison between Galician, Portuguese and Brazilian-Portuguese pronunciation (with sound files)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCOreBJXOZk"><i>Reportagem sobre a língua galega</i></a> – short documentary about Galician language on Portuguese national television (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a>); 8:21 total running time</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reintegrationism&oldid=1253539279">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reintegrationism&oldid=1253539279</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Galician_language" title="Category:Galician language">Galician language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portuguese_language" title="Category:Portuguese language">Portuguese language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spelling_reform" title="Category:Spelling reform">Spelling reform</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sociolinguistics" title="Category:Sociolinguistics">Sociolinguistics</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2018">Articles with dead external links from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2018">Use dmy dates from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Galician-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Galician-language text">Articles containing Galician-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Galician_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Galician IPA">Pages with Galician IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_European_Portuguese_IPA" title="Category:Pages with European Portuguese IPA">Pages with European Portuguese IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2023">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 October 2024, at 14:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; 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