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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Virtual economies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virtual_economies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_aspect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_aspect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Technical aspect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_aspect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Game_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Game_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Game types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Game_types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Game types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Game_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Role-playing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role-playing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Role-playing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role-playing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bulletin_board_role-playing_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulletin_board_role-playing_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Bulletin board role-playing games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulletin_board_role-playing_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First-person_shooter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First-person_shooter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>First-person shooter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First-person_shooter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Real-time_strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Real-time_strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Real-time strategy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Real-time_strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turn-based_strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turn-based_strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Turn-based strategy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turn-based_strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simulations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simulations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Simulations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simulations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.2</span> <span>Racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Casual</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music/rhythm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music/rhythm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Music/rhythm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music/rhythm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.2</span> <span>Social</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.3</span> <span>Combat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spending" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spending"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Spending</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spending-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Massively multiplayer online game</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="لعبة كثيفة اللاعبين على الإنترنت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لعبة كثيفة اللاعبين على الإنترنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game" title="Massively multiplayer online game – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Massively multiplayer online game" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videojoc_multijugador_massiu_en_l%C3%ADnia" title="Videojoc multijugador massiu en línia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Videojoc multijugador massiu en línia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massively_Multiplayer_Online_Game" title="Massively Multiplayer Online Game – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Massively Multiplayer Online Game" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videojuego_multijugador_masivo_en_l%C3%ADnea" title="Videojuego multijugador masivo en línea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Videojuego multijugador masivo en línea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multludista_enreta_ludo" title="Multludista enreta ludo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Multludista enreta ludo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMO_(bideojokoen_generoa)" title="MMO (bideojokoen generoa) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="MMO (bideojokoen generoa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%94_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بازی آنلاین چندنفرهٔ کلان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازی آنلاین چندنفرهٔ کلان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeu_en_ligne_massivement_multijoueur" title="Jeu en ligne massivement multijoueur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeu en ligne massivement multijoueur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8_%EB%8B%A4%EC%A4%91_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90_%EC%98%A8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84" title="대규모 다중 사용자 온라인 게임 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대규모 다중 사용자 온라인 게임" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMO" title="MMO – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="MMO" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permainan_daring_multipemain_masif" title="Permainan daring multipemain masif – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Permainan daring multipemain masif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%B6lnotendanetleikur" title="Fjölnotendanetleikur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fjölnotendanetleikur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online" title="Massively multiplayer online – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Massively multiplayer online" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D" title="משחק רשת מרובה משתתפים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משחק רשת מרובה משתתפים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="მასიური მრავალმოთამაშიანი ონლაინ თამაში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მასიური მრავალმოთამაშიანი ონლაინ თამაში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMO" title="MMO – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="MMO" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%9C%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Масовна повеќеиграчка семрежна игра – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Масовна повеќеиграчка семрежна игра" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game" title="Massively multiplayer online game – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Massively multiplayer online game" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMO-spill" title="MMO-spill – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="MMO-spill" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game" title="Massively multiplayer online game – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Massively multiplayer online game" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogo_multijogador_massivo_online" title="Jogo multijogador massivo online – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jogo multijogador massivo online" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joc_online_de_multiplayer_masiv" title="Joc online de multiplayer masiv – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Joc online de multiplayer masiv" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Массовая многопользовательская онлайн-игра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Массовая многопользовательская онлайн-игра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game" title="Massively multiplayer online game – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Massively multiplayer online game" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%95_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95_%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%86%DA%B5%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="یاری فرە یاریزانی بە شێوەی ئۆنڵاین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یاری فرە یاریزانی بە شێوەی ئۆنڵاین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massiivinen_monen_pelaajan_verkkopeli" title="Massiivinen monen pelaajan verkkopeli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Massiivinen monen pelaajan verkkopeli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game" title="Massively multiplayer online game – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Massively multiplayer online game" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devasa_%C3%A7ok_oyunculu_%C3%A7evrimi%C3%A7i_oyun" title="Devasa 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Multiplayer video game with a large number of players</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"MMOG" redirects here. For industrial assessment, see <a href="/wiki/Automotive_Industry_Action_Group#MMOG/LE" title="Automotive Industry Action Group">Automotive Industry Action Group § MMOG/LE</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_online_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiplayer online game">Multiplayer online game</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Video_games" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Video games"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/60px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/120px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Video games</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Video_game#Platform" title="Video game">Platforms</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">Arcade video game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_game" title="Console game">Console game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Game console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_game_console" title="Handheld game console">Handheld console</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_game" title="Electronic game">Electronic game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_game" title="Audio game">Audio game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_electronic_game" title="Handheld electronic game">Electronic handheld</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_game" title="Online game">Online game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Browser_game" title="Browser game">Browser game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social-network_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Social-network game">Social-network game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile gaming">Mobile game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC_game" title="PC game">PC game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linux_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux gaming">Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_gaming" title="Mac gaming">Mac</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_game" title="Virtual reality game">Virtual reality game</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Genres</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_game" title="Action game">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shooter_game" title="Shooter game">Shooter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action-adventure_game" title="Action-adventure game">Action-adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_game" title="Adventure game">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_game" title="Casual game">Casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzzle_video_game" title="Puzzle video game">Puzzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">Role-playing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulation_video_game" title="Simulation video game">Simulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_video_game" title="Sports video game">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_game" title="Racing game">Racing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_video_game" title="Strategy video game">Strategy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_video_games" title="Lists of video games">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_arcade_video_games" title="List of arcade video games">Arcade games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game#Highest-grossing" title="Arcade video game">highest-grossing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_video_games" title="List of best-selling video games">Best-selling games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_video_game_franchises" title="List of best-selling video game franchises">franchises</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-played_mobile_games_by_player_count" title="List of most-played mobile games by player count">Most-played mobile games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_considered_the_best" title="List of video games considered the best">Games considered the best</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Game_of_the_Year_awards" title="List of Game of the Year awards">Game of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_game_soundtracks_considered_the_best" title="List of video game soundtracks considered the best">soundtracks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_notable_for_negative_reception" title="List of video games notable for negative reception">Negative reception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cancelled_video_games" title="Lists of cancelled video games">Cancelled games</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_development" title="Video game development">Development</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_producer" title="Video game producer">Producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_developer" title="Video game developer">Developer</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_design#Game_designer" title="Video game design">Designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_art_design#Video_game_artist" title="Game art design">Artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_programmer" title="Video game programmer">Programmer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_design" title="Video game design">Design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Level_(video_games)#Level_design" title="Level (video games)">Level design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_programming" title="Video game programming">Programming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_engine" title="Game engine">Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_video_games" title="Artificial intelligence in video games">AI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_graphics" title="Video game graphics">Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_music" title="Video game music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_testing" title="Game testing">Testing</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_games" title="Template:Video games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_games" title="Template talk:Video games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>massively multiplayer online game</b> (<b>MMOG</b> or more commonly <b>MMO</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Online_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Online video game">online video game</a> with a large number of players to interact in the same online game world.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MMOs usually feature a huge, <a href="/wiki/Persistent_world" title="Persistent world">persistent</a> <a href="/wiki/Open_world" title="Open world">open world</a>, although there are games that differ. These games can be found for most network-capable platforms, including the <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game console</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">smartphones</a> and other mobile devices. </p><p>MMOs can enable players to cooperate and compete with each other on a large scale, and sometimes to interact meaningfully with people around the world. They include a variety of gameplay types, representing many <a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">video game genres</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_massively_multiplayer_online_games" title="History of massively multiplayer online games">History of massively multiplayer online games</a></div> <p>The most popular type of MMOG, and the subgenre that pioneered the category, is the <a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game" title="Massively multiplayer online role-playing game">massively multiplayer online role-playing game</a> (MMORPG), which descended from university <a href="/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframe computer</a> <a href="/wiki/Multi-user_dungeon" title="Multi-user dungeon">MUD</a> and adventure games such as <i><a href="/wiki/Rogue_(video_game)" title="Rogue (video game)">Rogue</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dungeon_(video_game)" title="Dungeon (video game)">Dungeon</a></i> on the <a href="/wiki/PDP-10" title="PDP-10">PDP-10</a>. These games predate the commercial gaming industry and the Internet, but still featured persistent worlds and other elements of MMOGs still used today. </p><p>The first graphical MMOG, and a major milestone in the creation of the genre, was the multiplayer flight combat simulation game <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Warrior_(video_game)" title="Air Warrior (video game)">Air Warrior</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Kesmai" title="Kesmai">Kesmai</a> on the <a href="/wiki/GEnie" title="GEnie">GEnie</a> online service, which first appeared in 1986. Kesmai later added 3D graphics to the game, making it the first 3D MMO. </p><p>Commercial MMORPGs gained acceptance in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The genre was pioneered by the <a href="/wiki/GemStone_IV" title="GemStone IV"><i>GemStone</i></a> series on GEnie, also created by Kesmai, and <i><a href="/wiki/Neverwinter_Nights_(AOL_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neverwinter Nights (AOL game)">Neverwinter Nights</a></i>, the first such game to include graphics, which debuted on <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a> in 1991.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Video_game_developer" title="Video game developer">video game developers</a> applied MMOG ideas to other <a href="/wiki/Computer_and_video_game_genres" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer and video game genres">computer and video game genres</a>, new acronyms started to develop, such as <a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_real-time_strategy_game" title="Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy game">MMORTS</a>. <i>MMOG</i> emerged as a generic term to cover this growing class of games. </p><p>The debuts of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Realm_Online" title="The Realm Online">The Realm Online</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Meridian_59" title="Meridian 59">Meridian 59</a></i> (the first 3D MMORPG), <i><a href="/wiki/Castle_Infinity" title="Castle Infinity">Castle Infinity</a></i> (the first kid-focused MMORPG),<i><a href="/wiki/Ultima_Online" title="Ultima Online">Ultima Online</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Underlight" title="Underlight">Underlight</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/EverQuest" title="EverQuest">EverQuest</a></i> in the late 1990s popularized the MMORPG genre. The growth in technology meant that where Neverwinter Nights in 1991 had been limited to 50 simultaneous players (a number that grew to 500 by 1995), by 2000 a multitude of MMORPGs was each serving thousands of simultaneous players and led the way for games such as <i><a href="/wiki/World_of_Warcraft" title="World of Warcraft">World of Warcraft</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/EVE_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="EVE Online">EVE Online</a></i>. </p><p>Despite the genre's focus on multiplayer gaming, <a href="/wiki/Game_AI" class="mw-redirect" title="Game AI">AI</a>-controlled characters are still common. <a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">NPCs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mob_(video_gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mob (video gaming)">mobs</a> who give out quests or serve as opponents are typical in MMORPGs. AI-controlled characters are not as common in action-based MMOGs. </p><p>The popularity of MMOGs was mostly restricted to the computer game market until the <a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles_(sixth_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of video game consoles (sixth generation)">sixth-generation consoles</a>, with the launch of <i><a href="/wiki/Phantasy_Star_Online" title="Phantasy Star Online">Phantasy Star Online</a></i> on the <a href="/wiki/Dreamcast" title="Dreamcast">Dreamcast</a>, as well as the emergence and growth of the online service <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox Live">Xbox Live</a>. There have been a number of console MMOGs, including <i><a href="/wiki/EverQuest_Online_Adventures" title="EverQuest Online Adventures">EverQuest Online Adventures</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a>), and the multi-console <i><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XI" title="Final Fantasy XI">Final Fantasy XI</a></i>. On PCs, the MMOG market has always been dominated by successful <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> MMORPGs. </p><p>MMOGs have only recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (June 2015)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> begun to break into the mobile phone market. The first, <a href="/wiki/Samurai_Romanesque" title="Samurai Romanesque">Samurai Romanesque</a> set in feudal <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, was released in 2001 on <a href="/wiki/NTT_DoCoMo" class="mw-redirect" title="NTT DoCoMo">NTT DoCoMo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/IMode" class="mw-redirect" title="IMode">iMode</a> network in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent developments are <a href="/wiki/CipSoft" title="CipSoft">CipSoft</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/TibiaME" class="mw-redirect" title="TibiaME">TibiaME</a></i> and Biting Bit's <i>MicroMonster</i>, which features online and bluetooth multiplayer gaming. <a href="/wiki/SmartCell_Technology" title="SmartCell Technology">SmartCell Technology</a> is in development of <i>Shadow of Legend</i>, which will allow gamers to continue their game on their mobile device when away from their PC. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a> has also been a popular theme, featuring games such as <i><a href="/wiki/Mankind_(video_game)" title="Mankind (video game)">Mankind</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anarchy_Online" title="Anarchy Online">Anarchy Online</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Eve_Online" title="Eve Online">Eve Online</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Galaxies" title="Star Wars Galaxies">Star Wars Galaxies</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix_Online" title="The Matrix Online">The Matrix Online</a></i>. </p><p>MMOGs emerged from the hard-core gamer community to the mainstream strongly in December 2003, with an analysis in the <i>Financial Times</i> measuring the value of the virtual property in the then-largest MMOG, <i>EverQuest</i>, to result in a per-capita GDP of 2,266 dollars, which would have placed the virtual world of <i>EverQuest</i> as the 77th wealthiest nation, on par with Croatia, Ecuador, Tunisia or Vietnam. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/World_of_Warcraft" title="World of Warcraft">World of Warcraft</a></i> is a dominant MMOG with 8-9 million monthly subscribers worldwide.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (June 2015)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The subscriber base dropped by one million after the expansion <a href="/wiki/World_of_Warcraft:_Wrath_of_the_Lich_King" title="World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King"><i>Wrath of the Lich King</i></a>, bringing it to nine million subscribers in 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it remained the most popular Western title among MMOGs. In 2008, Western <a href="/wiki/Consumer_spending" title="Consumer spending">consumer spending</a> on <i>World of Warcraft</i> represented a 58% share of the subscription MMOG market in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardy-Rolls_2009_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardy-Rolls_2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title has generated over $2.2 billion in cumulative consumer spending on subscriptions from 2005 through 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardy-Rolls_2009_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardy-Rolls_2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Virtual_economies">Virtual economies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Virtual economies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Virtual_economy" title="Virtual economy">Virtual economy</a></div> <p>Within a majority of the MMOGs created, there is virtual currency where the player can earn and accumulate money. The uses for such virtual currency are numerous and vary from game to game. The <a href="/wiki/Virtual_economy" title="Virtual economy">virtual economies</a> created within MMOGs often blur the lines between real and virtual worlds. The result is often seen as an unwanted interaction between the real and virtual economies by the players and the provider of the virtual world. This practice (<a href="/wiki/Virtual_economy#Controversy:_"Real"_Economy_Interaction" title="Virtual economy">economy interaction</a>) is mostly seen in this genre of games. The two seem to come hand in hand with even the earliest MMOGs, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ultima_Online" title="Ultima Online">Ultima Online</a></i> having this kind of trade: real money for virtual things. </p><p>The importance of having a working virtual economy within an MMOG is increasing as they develop. A sign of this is <a href="/wiki/CCP_Games" title="CCP Games">CCP Games</a> hiring the first real-life economist for its MMOG <i><a href="/wiki/Eve_Online" title="Eve Online">Eve Online</a></i> to assist and analyze the virtual economy and production within this game. </p><p>The results of this interaction between the virtual economy, and our real economy, which is really the interaction between the company that created the game and the third-party companies that want a share of the profits and success of the game. This battle between companies is defended on both sides. The company originating the game and the intellectual property argue that this is in violation of the terms and agreements of the game as well as copyright violation since they own the rights to how the online currency is distributed and through what channels<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. The case that the third-party companies and their customers defend, is that they are selling and exchanging the time and effort put into the acquisition of the currency, not the digital information itself. They also express that the nature of many MMOGs is that they require time commitments not available to everyone. As a result, without external acquisition of virtual currency, some players are severely limited to being able to experience certain aspects of the game. </p><p>The practice of acquiring large volumes of virtual currency for the purpose of selling to other individuals for tangible and real currency is called <a href="/wiki/Gold_farming" title="Gold farming">gold farming</a>. Many players who have poured in all of their personal effort resent that there is this exchange between real and virtual economies since it devalues their own efforts. As a result, the term 'gold farmer' now has a very negative connotation within the games and their communities. This slander has unfortunately also extended itself to racial profiling and to in-game and forum insulting. </p><p>The reaction from many of the game companies varies. In games that are substantially less popular and have a small player base, the enforcement of the elimination of 'gold farming' appears less often. Companies in this situation most likely are concerned with their personal sales and subscription revenue over the development of their virtual economy, as they most likely have a higher priority to the games viability via adequate funding. Games with an enormous player base, and consequently much higher sales and subscription income, can take more drastic actions more often and in much larger volumes. This account banning could also serve as an economic gain for these large games, since it is highly likely that, due to demand, these 'gold farming' accounts will be recreated with freshly bought copies of the game. </p><p>The virtual goods revenue from online games and social networking exceeded US$7 billion in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, it was estimated that up to 100,000 people in China and Vietnam are playing online games to gather gold and other items for sale to Western players.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this 'gold farming' is considered to ruin the game for actual players, many rely on 'gold farming' as their main source of income.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>However, single player in MMOs is quite viable, especially in what is called 'player vs environment' gameplay. This may result in the player being unable to experience all content, as many of the most significant and potentially rewarding game experiences are events that require large and coordinated teams to complete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_aspect">Technical aspect</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Technical aspect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most MMOGs also share other characteristics that make them different from other multiplayer online games. MMOGs host many players in a single game world, and all of those players can interact with each other at any given time. Popular MMOGs might have hundreds of players online at any given time, usually on company-owned servers. Non-MMOGs, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Battlefield_1942" title="Battlefield 1942">Battlefield 1942</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Half-Life_(video_game)" title="Half-Life (video game)">Half-Life</a></i>, usually have fewer than 50 players online (per server) and are usually played on private servers. Also, MMOGs usually do not have any significant <a href="/wiki/Mod_(computer_gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod (computer gaming)">mods</a>, since the game must work on company servers. There is some debate if a high head-count is a requirement to be an MMOG. Some say that it is the size of the game world and its capability to support many players that should matter. For example, despite technology and content constraints, most MMOGs can fit up to a few thousand players on a single game server at a time. </p><p>To support all those players, MMOGs need large-scale game worlds, and <a href="/wiki/Game_server" title="Game server">servers</a> to connect players to those worlds. Some games have all of their servers connected so all players are connected in a <a href="/wiki/Shared_universe" title="Shared universe">shared universe</a>. Others have copies of their starting game world put on different servers, called "shards", for a sharded universe. Shards got their name from <i>Ultima Online</i>, where in the story, the shards of Mondain's gem created the duplicate worlds. </p><p>Still, others will only use one part of the universe at any time. For example, <i><a href="/wiki/Tribes_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribes (video game)">Tribes</a></i> (which is not an MMOG) comes with a number of large maps, which are played in rotation (one at a time). In contrast, the similar title <i><a href="/wiki/PlanetSide_(video_game)" title="PlanetSide (video game)">PlanetSide</a></i> allows all <a href="/wiki/Overworld" title="Overworld">map</a>-like areas of the game to be reached via flying, driving, or teleporting. </p><p><a href="/wiki/MMORPG" class="mw-redirect" title="MMORPG">MMORPGs</a> usually have sharded universes, as they provide the most flexible solution to the server load problem, but not always. For example, the space simulation <i><a href="/wiki/Eve_Online" title="Eve Online">Eve Online</a></i> uses only one large cluster server peaking at over 60,000 simultaneous players. </p><p>It is challenging to develop the database engines that are needed to run a successful MMOG with millions of players.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many developers have created their own, but attempts have been made to create <i><a href="/wiki/Game_middleware" class="mw-redirect" title="Game middleware">middleware</a></i>, software that would help game developers concentrate on their games more than technical aspects. One such piece of middleware is called <a href="/wiki/Bigworld_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bigworld Technology">BigWorld</a>. </p><p>An early, successful entry into the field was VR-1 Entertainment, whose Conductor platform was adopted and endorsed by a variety of service providers around the world including Sony Communications Network in Japan; the Bertelsmann Game Channel in Germany; British Telecom's <a href="/wiki/Wireplay" title="Wireplay">Wireplay</a> in England; and DACOM and Samsung SDS in South Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Games that were powered by the Conductor platform included <i>Fighter Wing</i>, <i>Air Attack</i>, <i>Fighter Ace</i>, <i>Evernight</i>, Hasbro Em@ail Games (<i>Clue</i>, <i>NASCAR</i> and <i>Soccer</i>), <i>Towers of Fallow</i>, <i>The SARAC Project</i>, <i>VR1 Crossroads</i> and <i>Rumble in the Void</i>. </p><p>Typical MUDs and other predecessor games were limited to about 64 or 256 simultaneous player connections; this was a limit imposed by the underlying operating system, which was usually Unix-like. One of the biggest problems with modern engines has been handling the vast number of players. Since a typical server can handle around 10,000–12,000 players, 4000–5000 active simultaneously, dividing the game into several servers has up until now been the solution. This approach has also helped with technical issues, such as <a href="/wiki/Lag_(video_games)" title="Lag (video games)">lag</a>, that many players experience. Another difficulty, especially relevant to real-time simulation games, is time synchronization across hundreds or thousands of players. Many games rely on time synchronization to drive their physics simulation as well as their scoring and damage detection. </p><p>Although there is no specific limit to where an online multiplayer online game is considered <b>massive</b>, there are broad features that are often used as a metric. Garriott's famed 1997 definition referred to the fundamental architecture shift required to support tens of thousands of concurrent players, which required shifting from individual servers to data centers on multiple continents. Games may have MMO features like large worlds with online persistence but still not generally be considered an MMO, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_V" title="Grand Theft Auto V">Grand Theft Auto V</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s online play, while other games like <i><a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends" title="League of Legends">League of Legends</a></i> have small individual sessions but the global infrastructure requirements often allow for classification as an MMO.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is often used differently by players who tend to refer to their play experience versus game developers who refer to the engineering experience. MMO game developers tend to require tremendous investments in developing and maintaining servers around the globe, network bandwidth infrastructure often on the order of terabytes per second, and large engineering problems relating to managing data spread between multiple computer clusters.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Game_types">Game types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Game types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several types of massively multiplayer online games. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role-playing">Role-playing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Role-playing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game" title="Massively multiplayer online role-playing game">Massively multiplayer online role-playing game</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_MMORPGs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of MMORPGs">List of MMORPGs</a></div> <p>Massively multiplayer online <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">role-playing games</a>, known as <b>MMORPG</b>s, are the most common type of MMOG. Some MMORPGs are designed as a <a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_browser_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiplayer browser game">multiplayer browser game</a> in order to reduce infrastructure costs and utilise a <a href="/wiki/Thin_client" title="Thin client">thin client</a> that most users will already have installed. The acronym BBMMORPGs has sometimes been used to describe these as "browser-based". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bulletin_board_role-playing_games">Bulletin board role-playing games</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bulletin board role-playing games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many games are categorized as MMOBBGs,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="who calls Forum Games and Quest Threads MMOBBGs?! (July 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, Massively Multiplayer Online Bulletin Board Games, also called MMOBBRPGs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="who calls Forum Games and Quest Threads MMOBBRPG?! (July 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These particular types of games are primarily made up of text and descriptions, although images are often used to enhance the game. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First-person_shooter">First-person shooter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First-person shooter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_first-person_shooter_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Massively multiplayer online first-person shooter game">Massively multiplayer online first-person shooter game</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_MMOFPSs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of MMOFPSs">List of MMOFPSs</a></div> <p>MMOFPS is an online gaming genre which features many simultaneous players in a <a href="/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">first-person shooter</a> fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Huxley_PC_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huxley_PC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These games provide large-scale, sometimes team-based combat. The addition of persistence in the game world means that these games add elements typically found in RPGs, such as <a href="/wiki/Experience_point" title="Experience point">experience points</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, MMOFPS games emphasize player skill more than player statistics, as no number of in-game bonuses will compensate for a player's inability to aim and think tactically.<sup id="cite_ref-beyondMMOG_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beyondMMOG-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real-time_strategy">Real-time strategy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Real-time strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_real-time_strategy_game" title="Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy game">Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy game</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_MMORTSs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of MMORTSs">List of MMORTSs</a></div> <p>Massively multiplayer online <a href="/wiki/Real-time_strategy" title="Real-time strategy">real-time strategy</a> games, also known as "MMORTS", combine <a href="/wiki/Real-time_strategy" title="Real-time strategy">real-time strategy</a> (RTS) with a <a href="/wiki/Persistent_world" title="Persistent world">persistent world</a>. Players often assume the role of a general, king, or other types of figurehead leading an army into battle while maintaining the resources needed for such warfare. The titles are often based in a <a href="/wiki/Sci-fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sci-fi">sci-fi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> universe and are distinguished from single or small-scale multiplayer RTSes by the number of players and common use of a persistent world, generally hosted by the game's publisher, which continues to evolve even when the player is offline. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turn-based_strategy">Turn-based strategy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Turn-based strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_MMOTBSs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of MMOTBSs">List of MMOTBSs</a></div> <p>Steve Jackson Games' <i><a href="/wiki/UltraCorps" title="UltraCorps">UltraCorps</a></i> is an example of an MMO turn-based strategy game.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hundreds of players share the same playing field of conquest. In a "mega" game, each turn fleets are built and launched to expand one's personal empire. Turns are usually time-based, with a "tick" schedule usually daily. All orders are processed, and battles resolved, at the same time during the tick. Similarly, in <i><a href="/wiki/Darkwind:_War_on_Wheels" title="Darkwind: War on Wheels">Darkwind: War on Wheels</a></i>, vehicle driving and combat orders are submitted simultaneously by all players and a "tick" occurs typically once per 30 seconds. This allows each player to accurately control multiple vehicles and pedestrians in racing or combat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simulations">Simulations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Simulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some MMOGs have been designed to accurately simulate certain aspects of the real world. They tend to be very specific to industries or activities of very large risk and huge potential loss, such as rocket science, airplanes, trucks, battle tanks, submarines etc. Gradually as simulation technology is getting more mainstream, so too various simulators arrive into more mundane industries. </p><p>The initial goal of <i><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Online" title="World War II Online">World War II Online</a></i> was to create a map (in northwestern Europe) that had real-world physics (gravity, air/water resistance, etc.), and ability for players to have some strategic abilities to its basic FPS/RPG role. While the current version is not quite a true simulated world, it is very complex and contains a large persistent world. </p><p>The MMOG genre of air traffic simulation is one example, with networks such as <a href="/wiki/VATSIM" class="mw-redirect" title="VATSIM">VATSIM</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Virtual_Aviation_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="International Virtual Aviation Organization">IVAO</a> striving to provide rigorously authentic <a href="/wiki/Flight_simulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight simulation">flight-simulation</a> environments to players in both pilot and air traffic controller roles. In this category of MMOGs, the objective is to create duplicates of the real world for people who cannot or do not wish to undertake those experiences in real life. For example, flight simulation via an MMOG requires far less expenditure of time and money, is completely risk-free, and is far less restrictive (fewer regulations to adhere to, no medical exams to pass, and so on). </p><p>Another specialist area is the mobile telecoms operator (carrier) business where billion-dollar investments in networks are needed but market shares are won and lost on issues from segmentation to handset subsidies. A specialist simulation was developed by Nokia called <i>Equilibrium/Arbitrage</i> to have over a two-day period five teams of top management of one operator/carrier play a "wargame" against each other, under extremely realistic conditions, with one operator an incumbent fixed and mobile network operator, another a new entrant mobile operator, a third a fixed-line/internet operator, etc. Each team is measured by outperforming their rivals by market expectations of that type of player. Thus, each player has drastically different goals, but within the simulation, any one team can win. Also to ensure maximum intensity, only one team can win. Telecoms senior executives who have taken the <i>Equilibrium/Arbitrage</i> simulation say it is the most intense, and most useful training they have ever experienced. It is typical of business use of simulators, in very senior management training/retraining. </p><p>Examples of MMO simulation games include <i><a href="/wiki/World_of_Tanks" title="World of Tanks">World of Tanks</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/War_Thunder" title="War Thunder">War Thunder</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Motor_City_Online" title="Motor City Online">Motor City Online</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sims_Online" title="The Sims Online">The Sims Online</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Jumpgate:_The_Reconstruction_Initiative" title="Jumpgate: The Reconstruction Initiative">Jumpgate</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sports">Sports</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A massively multiplayer online sports game is a title where players can compete in some of the more traditional major league sports, such as <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football (soccer)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">hockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> or <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a>. According to <i>GameSpot</i>, <i>Baseball Mogul Online</i> was "the world's first massively multiplayer online sports game".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other titles that qualify as MMOSG have been around since the early 2000s, but only after 2010 did they start to receive the endorsements of some of the official major league associations and players. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Racing">Racing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MMOR means <b>massively multiplayer online racing</b>. Currently there are only a small number of racing-based MMOGs, including <i><a href="/wiki/IRacing" title="IRacing">iRacing</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kart_Rider" class="mw-redirect" title="Kart Rider">Kart Rider</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Test_Drive_Unlimited" title="Test Drive Unlimited">Test Drive Unlimited</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Project_Torque" title="Project Torque">Project Torque</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Drift_City" title="Drift City">Drift City</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Race_or_Die" title="Race or Die">Race or Die</a></i>. Other notable MMORs included <i><a href="/wiki/Upshift_Strikeracer" title="Upshift Strikeracer">Upshift Strikeracer</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Motor_City_Online" title="Motor City Online">Motor City Online</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Need_for_Speed:_World" title="Need for Speed: World">Need for Speed: World</a></i>, all of which have since shut down. The <i><a href="/wiki/Trackmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Trackmania">Trackmania</a></i> series is the world's largest MMO racing game and holds the world record for "Most Players in a Single Online Race".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Although <i><a href="/wiki/Darkwind:_War_on_Wheels" title="Darkwind: War on Wheels">Darkwind: War on Wheels</a></i> is more combat-based than racing, it is also considered an MMOR. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casual">Casual</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Casual"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many types of MMO games can be classified as <a href="/wiki/Casual_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Casual games">casual</a>, because they are designed to appeal to all computer users (as opposed to subgroup of frequent game buyers), or to fans of another game genre (such as <a href="/wiki/Collectible_card_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Collectible card games">collectible card games</a>). Such games are easy to learn and require a smaller time commitment than other game types. Other popular casual games include simple management games such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sims_Online" title="The Sims Online">The Sims Online</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Kung_Fu_Panda_World" title="Kung Fu Panda World">Kung Fu Panda World</a>.</i> </p><p>MMOPGs, or massively multiplayer online puzzle games, are based entirely on puzzle elements. They are usually set in a world where the players can access the puzzles around the world. Most games that are MMOPGs are hybrids with other genres. <i><a href="/wiki/Castle_Infinity" title="Castle Infinity">Castle Infinity</a></i> was the first MMOG developed for children. Its gameplay falls somewhere between <a href="/wiki/Computer_puzzle_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer puzzle game">puzzle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adventure_game" title="Adventure game">adventure</a>. </p><p>There are also massively multiplayer collectible card games: <i><a href="/wiki/Alteil" title="Alteil">Alteil</a></i>, <i>Astral Masters</i> and <i>Astral Tournament</i>. Other MMOCCGs might exist (<i><a href="/wiki/Neopets" title="Neopets">Neopets</a></i> has some CCG elements) but are not as well known. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alternate_reality_game" title="Alternate reality game">Alternate reality games</a> (ARGs) can be massively multiplayer, allowing thousands of players worldwide to co-operate in puzzle trials and mystery solving. ARGs take place in a unique mixture of online and real-world play that usually does not involve a <a href="/wiki/Persistent_world" title="Persistent world">persistent world</a>, and are not necessarily multiplayer, making them different from MMOGs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music/rhythm"><span id="Music.2Frhythm"></span>Music/rhythm</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Music/rhythm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massively multiplayer online music/rhythm games (<b>MMORG</b>s), sometimes called massively multiplayer online dance games (<b>MMODG</b>s), are MMOGs that are also <a href="/wiki/Music_video_game" title="Music video game">music video games</a>. This idea was influenced by <i><a href="/wiki/Dance_Dance_Revolution" title="Dance Dance Revolution">Dance Dance Revolution</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/Audition_Online" title="Audition Online">Audition Online</a></i> is another casual massively multiplayer online game and it is produced by T3 Entertainment. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Just_Dance_2014" title="Just Dance 2014">Just Dance 2014</a></i> has a game mode called World Dance Floor, which also structures like an MMORPG. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Social">Social</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Social"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massively multiplayer online social games (<b>MMOSG</b>s) focus on socialization instead of objective-based gameplay. There is a great deal of overlap in terminology with "online communities" and "<a href="/wiki/Virtual_world" title="Virtual world">virtual worlds</a>". One example that has garnered widespread media attention is Linden Lab's <i><a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a></i>, emphasizing socializing, <a href="/wiki/Worldbuilding" title="Worldbuilding">worldbuilding</a> and an in-world virtual economy that depends on the sale and purchase of user-created content. It is technically an MMOSG or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Casual_Multiplayer_Online&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casual Multiplayer Online (page does not exist)">Casual Multiplayer Online</a> (CMO) by definition, though its stated goal was to realize<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the concept of the <a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a> from <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Snow_Crash" title="Snow Crash">Snow Crash</a></i>. Instead of being based around combat, one could say that it was based around the creation of virtual objects, including models and scripts. In practice, it has more in common with <i><a href="/wiki/Club_Caribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Club Caribe">Club Caribe</a></i> than <i><a href="/wiki/EverQuest" title="EverQuest">EverQuest</a></i>. It was the first MMO of its kind to achieve widespread success (including attention from mainstream media); however, it was not the first (as <i>Club Caribe</i> was released in 1988). Competitors in this subgenre (non-combat-based MMORPG) include <i><a href="/wiki/Active_Worlds" title="Active Worlds">Active Worlds</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/There_(Internet_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="There (Internet service)">There</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/SmallWorlds" title="SmallWorlds">SmallWorlds</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Furcadia" title="Furcadia">Furcadia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Whirled" title="Whirled">Whirled</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/IMVU" title="IMVU">IMVU</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Light_Center" title="Red Light Center">Red Light Center</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Combat">Combat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Combat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massively multiplayer online combat games are realtime objective, strategy and capture the flag style modes. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Infantry_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Infantry Online">Infantry Online</a></i> is an example multiplayer combat video game with sprite animation graphics, using complex soldier, ground vehicle and space-ship models on typically complex terrains developed by Sony Online Entertainment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some recent attempts to build <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> (P2P) MMOGs have been made. <i>Outback Online</i> may be the first commercial one,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, so far most of the efforts have been academic studies.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A P2P MMOG may potentially be more scalable and cheaper to build, but notable issues with P2P MMOGs include security and consistency control, which can be difficult to address given that clients are easily hacked. Some MMOGs such as <i><a href="/wiki/Vindictus" title="Vindictus">Vindictus</a></i> use P2P networking and client-server networking together. </p><p>In April 2004, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> announced that it was developing a massively multiplayer training simulation called <i>AWE</i> (<a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric warfare</a> environment). The purpose of <i>AWE</i> is to train soldiers for <a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">urban warfare</a> and there are no plans for a public commercial release. <a href="/wiki/Forterra_Systems" title="Forterra Systems">Forterra Systems</a> is developing it for the Army based on the <i>There</i> <a href="/wiki/Game_engine" title="Game engine">engine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Nardi" title="Bonnie Nardi">Bonnie Nardi</a> published an ethnographic study on <i>World of Warcraft</i> examined with <a href="/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky" title="Lev Vygotsky">Lev Vygotsky</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Activity_theory" title="Activity theory">activity theory</a>. </p><p>As the field of MMOs grows larger each year, research has also begun to investigate the socio-informatic bind the games create for their users. In 2006, researchers Constance A. Steinkuehler and Dmitri Williams initiated research on such topics. The topic most intriguing to the pair was to further understand the gameplay, as well as the virtual world serving as a social meeting place, of popular MMOs. </p><p>To further explore the effects of <a href="/wiki/Social_capital" title="Social capital">social capital</a> and social relationships on MMOs, Steinkuehler and Williams combined conclusions from two different MMO research projects: sociocultural perspective on culture and cognition, and the other on media effects of MMOs. The conclusions of the two studies explained how MMOs function as a new form of a "third place" for informal social interactions much like coffee shops, pubs, and other typical hangouts. Many scholars, however, such as Oldenburg (1999), challenge the idea of a MMOs serving as a "third place" due to inadequate bridging social capital. His argument is challenged by Putnam (2000) who concluded that MMOs are well suited for the formation of bridging social capital, tentative relationships that lack in depth, because it is inclusive and serves as a sociological lubricant that is shown across the data collected in both of the research studies.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2006_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2006-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MMOs can also move past the "lubricant" stage and into the "superglue" stage known as bonding social capital, a closer relationship that is characterized by stronger connections and emotional support. The study concludes that MMOs function best as a bridging mechanism rather than a bonding one, similar to a "third place". Therefore, MMOs have the capacity and the ability to serve as a community that effectively socializes users just like a coffee shop or pub, but conveniently in the comfort of their home.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2006_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2006-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spending">Spending</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Spending"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>British online gamers are outspending their German and French counterparts according to a study commissioned by Gamesindustry.com and TNS. The UK MMO-market is now worth £195 million in 2009 compared to the £165 million and £145 million spent by German and French online gamers.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The US gamers spend more, however, spending about $3.8 billion overall on MMO games. $1.8 billion of that money is spent on monthly subscription fees. The money spent averages out to $15.10<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> between both subscription and free-to-play MMO gamers. The study also found that 46% of 46 million players in the US pay real money to play MMO games.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Today's Gamers MMO Focus Report</i>, published in March 2010, was commissioned by TNS and gamesindustry.com. A similar study for the UK market-only (<i>UK National Gamers Survey Report</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was released in February 2010 by the same groups. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_reality" title="Extended reality">Extended reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_engine" title="Game engine">Game engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massively_multiplayer_online_games" title="List of massively multiplayer online games">List of massively multiplayer online games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">Multiplayer video game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_game" title="Online game">Online game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_game" title="Social network game">Social network game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_world" title="Virtual world">Virtual world</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massively_multiplayer_online_game&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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<li><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_real-time_strategy_game" title="Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy game">MMORTS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-user_dungeon" title="Multi-user dungeon">MUD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_online_games" title="History of online games">History of online games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_massively_multiplayer_online_games" title="History of massively multiplayer online games">History of massively multiplayer online games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_economy" title="Virtual economy">Virtual economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_tax" title="Virtual tax">Virtual tax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interaction_in_MMORPGs" title="Social interaction in MMORPGs">Social interaction in MMORPGs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_world" title="Virtual world">Virtual world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_world" title="Persistent world">Persistent world</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">Player character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">Non-player character</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">Esports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_game" title="Online game">Online game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Browser_game" title="Browser game">Browser game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">Social networking service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_genres350" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platformer" title="Platformer">Platformer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endless_runner" title="Endless runner">Endless runner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_fighter" title="Platform fighter">Platform fighter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shooter_game" title="Shooter game">Shooter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_shooter" title="Arena shooter">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">First-person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_shooter" title="Hero shooter">Hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">Light gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up">Shoot 'em up</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_hell" title="Bullet hell">Bullet hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_shooter" title="Rail shooter">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-stick_shooter" title="Twin-stick shooter">Twin-stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_shooter" title="Tactical shooter">Tactical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-person_shooter" title="Third-person shooter">Third-person</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Survival_game" title="Survival game">Survival</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_royale_game" title="Battle royale game">Battle royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">Survival horror</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_%27em_up" title="Beat 'em up">Beat 'em up</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hack_and_slash" title="Hack and slash">Hack and slash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">Fighting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platform_fighter" title="Platform fighter">Platform fighter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maze_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Maze video game">Maze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pac-Man_clones" title="List of Pac-Man clones"><i>Pac-Man</i> clone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_(video_game_genre)" title="Snake (video game genre)">Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealth_game" title="Stealth game">Stealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg/60px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg/90px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg/120px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Action-adventure_game" title="Action-adventure game">Action-adventure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_clone" title="Grand Theft Auto clone"><i>Grand Theft Auto</i> clone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metroidvania" title="Metroidvania">Metroidvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventure_game" title="Adventure game">Adventure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escape_room_video_game" title="Escape room video game">Escape room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_graphic_adventure_games" title="List of graphic adventure games">Graphic adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_fiction" title="Interactive fiction">Interactive fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_film" title="Interactive film">Interactive film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_novel" title="Visual novel">Visual novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_simulator" title="Walking simulator">Walking sim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_tabletop_game" title="Digital tabletop game">Digital tabletop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deck-building_game" title="Deck-building game">Deck-building</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roguelike_deck-building_game" title="Roguelike deck-building game">Roguelike deck-building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_collectible_card_game" title="Digital collectible card game">Digital collectible card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puzzle_video_game" title="Puzzle video game">Puzzle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_object_game" title="Hidden object game">Hidden object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoban" title="Sokoban"><i>Sokoban</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tile-matching_video_game" title="Tile-matching video game">Tile-matching</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">Role-playing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_role-playing_game" title="Action role-playing game">Action role-playing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Looter_shooter" title="Looter shooter">Looter shooter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulslike" title="Soulslike">Soulslike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon_crawl" title="Dungeon crawl">Dungeon crawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game" title="Massively multiplayer online role-playing game">MMORPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster-taming_game" title="Monster-taming game">Monster-taming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roguelike" title="Roguelike">Roguelike</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roguelike_deck-building_game" title="Roguelike deck-building game">Roguelike deck-building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_role-playing_game" title="Tactical role-playing game">Tactical role-playing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Simulation_video_game" title="Simulation video game">Simulation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Life_simulation_game" title="Life simulation game">Life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dating_sim" title="Dating sim">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_life_sim" title="Farm life sim">Farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_game" title="God game">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_simulation_game" title="Social simulation game">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_pet" title="Virtual pet">Virtual pet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Construction_and_management_simulation" title="Construction and management simulation">CMS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_simulation_game" title="Business simulation game">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-building_game" title="City-building game">City-building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_simulation_game" title="Government simulation game">Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_video_game" title="Sports video game">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_video_game" title="Fishing video game">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_game" title="Racing game">Racing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kart_racing_game" title="Kart racing game">Kart racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim_racing" title="Sim racing">Sim racing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_simulation_game" title="Vehicle simulation game">Vehicle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_simulation_video_game" title="Flight simulation video game">Flight simulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combat_flight_simulation_game" title="Combat flight simulation game">Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(video_game_genre)" title="Lunar Lander (video game genre)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_flight_simulation_game" title="Space flight simulation game">Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_simulator" title="Submarine simulator">Submarine simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_simulator" title="Train simulator">Train simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_combat_game" title="Vehicular combat game">Vehicular combat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falling-sand_game" title="Falling-sand game">Falling-sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersive_sim" title="Immersive sim">Immersive sim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strategy_video_game" title="Strategy video game">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4X" title="4X">4X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_battler" title="Auto battler">Auto battler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_online_battle_arena" title="Multiplayer online battle arena">MOBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_strategy" title="Real-time strategy">Real-time strategy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_management_game" title="Time management game">Time management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_tactics" title="Real-time tactics">Real-time tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_role-playing_game" title="Tactical role-playing game">Tactical role-playing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_defense" title="Tower defense">Tower defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn-based_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn-based strategy">Turn-based strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn-based_tactics" title="Turn-based tactics">Turn-based tactics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_game" title="Artillery game">Artillery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_wargame" title="Computer wargame">Wargame</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_strategy_wargame" title="Grand strategy wargame">Grand strategy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cozy_game" title="Cozy game">Cozy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_game" title="Fitness game">Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_game" title="Horror game">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">Survival horror</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incremental_game" title="Incremental game">Incremental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_video_game" title="Music video game">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_game" title="Rhythm game">Rhythm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-game" title="Non-game">Non-game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_video_game" title="Party video game">Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Photography game">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programming_game" title="Programming game">Programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typing_game" title="Typing game">Typing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advergame" title="Advergame">Advergame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bish%C5%8Djo_game" title="Bishōjo game"><i>Bishōjo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_video_game" title="Christian video game">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_in_video_games" title="Comedy in video games">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_video_game" title="Educational video game">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls%27_video_games" title="Girls' video games">Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licensed_game" title="Licensed game">Licensed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otome_game" title="Otome game"><i>Otome</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_content_in_video_games" title="Sexual content in video games">Sexual</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eroge" title="Eroge">Eroge</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_video_game" title="Nonviolent video game">Nonviolent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalized_video_game" title="Personalized video game">Personalized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_video_game" title="Science fiction video game">Sci-fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serious_game" title="Serious game">Serious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_video_game" title="Climate change video game">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsgame" title="Newsgame">News</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Player modes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">Multiplayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_video_game" title="Cooperative video game">Co-op</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Player_versus_player" title="Player versus player">PVP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-player_video_game" title="Single-player video game">Single-player</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AAA_(video_game_industry)" title="AAA (video game industry)">AAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_game" title="Indie game">Indie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_soft" title="Doujin soft"><i>Doujin</i> soft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_game" title="Fan game">Fan game</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casual_game" title="Casual game">Casual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypercasual_game" title="Hypercasual game">Hypercasual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergent_gameplay" title="Emergent gameplay">Emergent gameplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-motion_video" title="Full-motion video">FMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gacha_game" title="Gacha game"><i>Gacha</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaizo" title="Kaizo"><i>Kaizo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masocore" title="Masocore">Masocore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_gameplay" title="Nonlinear gameplay">Nonlinear gameplay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_world" title="Open world">Open world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandbox_game" title="Sandbox game">Sandbox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side-scrolling_video_game" title="Side-scrolling video game">Side-scrolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_gameplay" title="Twitch gameplay">Twitch gameplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertically_scrolling_video_game" title="Vertically scrolling video game">Vertically scrolling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minigame" title="Minigame">Minigame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toys-to-life" title="Toys-to-life">Toys-to-life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_clone" title="Video game clone">Video game clone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_modding" title="Video game modding">Video game modding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_remake" title="Video game remake">Video game 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