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href="#Common_Hmong_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Common Hmong dishes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Common_Hmong_dishes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Common Hmong dishes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Common_Hmong_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kua_txob_ntsw_(pepper_dip)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kua_txob_ntsw_(pepper_dip)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><span><span>Kua txob ntsw</span></span> (pepper dip)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kua_txob_ntsw_(pepper_dip)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mov_nplaum_ntshaav_(purple_sticky_rice)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mov_nplaum_ntshaav_(purple_sticky_rice)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><span><span>Mov nplaum ntshaav</span></span> (purple sticky rice)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mov_nplaum_ntshaav_(purple_sticky_rice)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nyhuv_ntxwm_hmoob_(Hmong_sausage)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nyhuv_ntxwm_hmoob_(Hmong_sausage)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><span><span>Nyhuv ntxwm hmoob</span></span> (Hmong sausage)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nyhuv_ntxwm_hmoob_(Hmong_sausage)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kooj_tis_qaib_nitim_(stuffed_chicken_wings)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kooj_tis_qaib_nitim_(stuffed_chicken_wings)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span><span><span>Kooj tis qaib nitim</span></span> (stuffed chicken wings)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kooj_tis_qaib_nitim_(stuffed_chicken_wings)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kab_yaub_(egg_rolls)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kab_yaub_(egg_rolls)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span><span><span>Kab yaub</span></span> (egg rolls)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kab_yaub_(egg_rolls)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nab_vam_(tri-color)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nab_vam_(tri-color)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span><span><span>Nab vam</span></span> (tri-color)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nab_vam_(tri-color)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khaub_piaj/ko_pia_(chicken_soup_with_rice_noodles)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khaub_piaj/ko_pia_(chicken_soup_with_rice_noodles)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span><span><span>Khaub piaj/ko pia</span></span> (chicken soup with rice noodles)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khaub_piaj/ko_pia_(chicken_soup_with_rice_noodles)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaub_qaub_(pickled_mustard_greens)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaub_qaub_(pickled_mustard_greens)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span><span><span>Zaub qaub</span></span> (pickled mustard greens)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaub_qaub_(pickled_mustard_greens)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agricultural_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agricultural_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Agricultural traditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Agricultural_traditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Agricultural traditions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Agricultural_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Herbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Herbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Livestock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Livestock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Livestock</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Culinary traditions of Hmong people</div> <p><b>Hmong cuisine</b> comprises the culinary culture of <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong people</a>, an Asian <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> originally from <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> who are present today in countries across the world. Because Hmong people come from all over the world, their cuisine is a <a href="/wiki/Fusion_cuisine" title="Fusion cuisine">fusion</a> of many flavors and histories in <a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_cuisines#East_Asian_cuisine" title="List of Asian cuisines">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_cuisines#Southeast_Asian_cuisine" title="List of Asian cuisines">Southeast Asia</a>, as well as modern diasporas in the Western world such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Most dishes are not unique to Hmong culture, but are rather served in a Hmong style developed during centuries of migration across cultures. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%E1%BA%AFc_H%C3%A0_Sunday_market,_Vietnam_-_20131027-15.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/B%E1%BA%AFc_H%C3%A0_Sunday_market%2C_Vietnam_-_20131027-15.JPG/220px-B%E1%BA%AFc_H%C3%A0_Sunday_market%2C_Vietnam_-_20131027-15.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/B%E1%BA%AFc_H%C3%A0_Sunday_market%2C_Vietnam_-_20131027-15.JPG/330px-B%E1%BA%AFc_H%C3%A0_Sunday_market%2C_Vietnam_-_20131027-15.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/B%E1%BA%AFc_H%C3%A0_Sunday_market%2C_Vietnam_-_20131027-15.JPG/440px-B%E1%BA%AFc_H%C3%A0_Sunday_market%2C_Vietnam_-_20131027-15.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flower_Hmong" class="mw-redirect" title="Flower Hmong">Flower Hmong</a> selling fresh produce at a market in Vietnam</figcaption></figure><p>Staple elements include fresh herbs, vegetables such as leafy greens and hot peppers, steamed rice, and small amounts of meat, often chicken meat.<sup id="cite_ref-MIT270_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIT270-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bankston_2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bankston_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herbs are of major importance as both a food, a flavoring agent, and traditional medicine. Common southeast Asian sauces such as <a href="/wiki/Oyster_sauce" title="Oyster sauce">oyster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">fish sauce</a> feature prominently, although a fresh sauce called "pepper dip" which is unique to Hmong cuisine is so popular that the first ever Hmong cookbook included 11 variations.<sup id="cite_ref-MIT270_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIT270-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CFTH_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFTH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cooking is traditionally done by steaming or boiling and many dishes are prepared as simple stews or soups. In the modern Hmong diaspora, other forms of cooking such as stir frying have become common.<sup id="cite_ref-MIT270_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIT270-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically the animal fats and oils required for frying were scarce.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thaifishsauce0609.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Thaifishsauce0609.jpg/220px-Thaifishsauce0609.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Thaifishsauce0609.jpg/330px-Thaifishsauce0609.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Thaifishsauce0609.jpg/440px-Thaifishsauce0609.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption>Commercially produced Thai fish sauce</figcaption></figure><p>There is an emphasis on fresh ingredients, as many Hmong are farmers and may pick ingredients from a <a href="/wiki/Garden" title="Garden">garden</a> just before cooking. <a href="/wiki/Butchering" class="mw-redirect" title="Butchering">Butchering</a> for meat is also done close to the time of cooking. <a href="/wiki/Frugality" title="Frugality">Frugality</a> is a common theme, as many Hmong are from low-income backgrounds, especially Hmong Americans who immigrated from underfunded refugee camps. Prior to the 21st century, Hmong lived mostly in self-sustaining agricultural villages where they raised livestock and grew crops.<sup id="cite_ref-Alkon_2020_262_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alkon_2020_262-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ultimate_fusion_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ultimate_fusion-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hmong_cuisine_as_fusion">Hmong cuisine as fusion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Hmong cuisine as fusion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fusion_cuisine" title="Fusion cuisine">Fusion cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hmong_cuisine_-_girl_with_yellow_cucumber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hmong_cuisine_-_girl_with_yellow_cucumber.jpg/220px-Hmong_cuisine_-_girl_with_yellow_cucumber.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hmong_cuisine_-_girl_with_yellow_cucumber.jpg/330px-Hmong_cuisine_-_girl_with_yellow_cucumber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hmong_cuisine_-_girl_with_yellow_cucumber.jpg/440px-Hmong_cuisine_-_girl_with_yellow_cucumber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>A Hmong girl holding a Hmong yellow cucumber</figcaption></figure><p>Co-founder and executive director of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_American_Farmers_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hmong American Farmers Association (page does not exist)">Hmong American Farmers Association</a> Pakou Hang calls Hmong cuisine "the ultimate fusion food".<sup id="cite_ref-ultimate_fusion_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ultimate_fusion-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hmong cuisine is influenced by frequent ancient and modern migration, including through <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, China, Japan, South Korea, and even the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Argentina.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources claim Hmong food is closest to <a href="/wiki/Laotian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Laotian cuisine">Laotian cuisine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the diversity of Hmong backgrounds complicates the idea of a single origin. For example, some Hmong identify with their country of settlement even among other Hmong, such as Thai Hmong, Lao Hmong, and Hmong American, which greatly influences their cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bankston_2014_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bankston_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hmong_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong American">Hmong American</a> celebrity chef <a href="/wiki/Yia_Vang" title="Yia Vang">Yia Vang</a> calls Hmong cuisine a "philosophy" and a way to understand <a href="/wiki/Hmong_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong culture">Hmong culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CYV_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CYV-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Remembering_Ban_Vinai_a264.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Remembering_Ban_Vinai_a264.jpg/220px-Remembering_Ban_Vinai_a264.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Remembering_Ban_Vinai_a264.jpg/330px-Remembering_Ban_Vinai_a264.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Remembering_Ban_Vinai_a264.jpg/440px-Remembering_Ban_Vinai_a264.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1306" /></a><figcaption>A Hmong woman preparing street food at <a href="/wiki/Ban_Vinai_Refugee_Camp" title="Ban Vinai Refugee Camp">Ban Vinai Refugee Camp</a>, Thailand</figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I would tell people that Hmong food is not just a type of food. It’s not about the product. It’s a philosophy. If you want to know Hmong food, you have know our people. Our story is intricately woven into the food that we eat. It’s our culture DNA that's made out of food that we eat. If you want to know our people you have to know our food. By knowing our food, you will know our story. You'll know where we been and it will show the trajectory to where we’re going.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Chef Yia Vang at Industry Rules Magazine, <sup id="cite_ref-CYV_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CYV-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Scholars such as Alison Hope Alkon and Kat Vang, writing in <i>The Immigrant-Food Nexus: Borders, Labor, and Identity in North America</i> (2020), call Hmong cuisine translocal: a cuisine rooted in multiple localities and highly informed by ethnic culture and history regardless of state definitions of citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-Alkon_2020_262_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alkon_2020_262-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They categorized food from Hmong American survey respondents in four categories: indigenous Hmong dishes, Hmong American dishes, Hmong adaptations of other Southeast Asian dishes, and American food eaten by Hmong people.<sup id="cite_ref-MIT269_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIT269-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_Hmong_dishes">Common Hmong dishes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Common Hmong dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dishes popular among Hmong people, served in a Hmong style, or unique to Hmong cuisine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kua_txob_ntsw_(pepper_dip)"><span id="Kua_txob_ntsw_.28pepper_dip.29"></span><span title="Hmong-language text"><span lang="hmn" style="font-style: normal;">Kua txob ntsw</span></span> (pepper dip)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kua txob ntsw (pepper dip)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A condiment made with <a href="/wiki/Thai_chili" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai chili">Thai chilis</a>, cilantro, green onion, salt, <a href="/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate" title="Monosodium glutamate">monosodium glutamate</a>, fish sauce, and lime juice that is served at most meals, and especially to accompany <a href="/wiki/Hmong_sausage" title="Hmong sausage">Hmong sausage</a>. The condiment is known by its Hmong name <span title="Hmong-language text"><i lang="hmn">kua txob ntsw</i></span>, or in English as pepper dip, pepper condiment, hot chili condiment, or simply "pepper".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mov_nplaum_ntshaav_(purple_sticky_rice)"><span id="Mov_nplaum_ntshaav_.28purple_sticky_rice.29"></span><span title="Hmong-language text"><span lang="hmn" style="font-style: normal;">Mov nplaum ntshaav</span></span> (purple sticky rice)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mov nplaum ntshaav (purple sticky rice)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A preparation of <a href="/wiki/Glutinous_rice" title="Glutinous rice">glutinous sweet rice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_rice" title="Black rice">black rice</a> which is a core part of Hmong meals, especially during New Years celebrations. Cooking dilutes the natural dye in black rice, leading to a purple colored rice dish.<sup id="cite_ref-Vang200967_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vang200967-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In areas where black rice is uncommon, the rice may be dyed with purple cornstalk or purple carrots.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nyhuv_ntxwm_hmoob_(Hmong_sausage)"><span id="Nyhuv_ntxwm_hmoob_.28Hmong_sausage.29"></span><span title="Hmong-language text"><span lang="hmn" style="font-style: normal;">Nyhuv ntxwm hmoob</span></span> (Hmong sausage)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nyhuv ntxwm hmoob (Hmong sausage)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hmong_sausage" title="Hmong sausage">Hmong sausage</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hmong_cuisine_-_sausage_and_spring_roll_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Hmong_cuisine_-_sausage_and_spring_roll_crop_2.jpg/220px-Hmong_cuisine_-_sausage_and_spring_roll_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Hmong_cuisine_-_sausage_and_spring_roll_crop_2.jpg/330px-Hmong_cuisine_-_sausage_and_spring_roll_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Hmong_cuisine_-_sausage_and_spring_roll_crop_2.jpg/440px-Hmong_cuisine_-_sausage_and_spring_roll_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="1070" /></a><figcaption>Sausage meal from a Wisconsin Hmong restaurant</figcaption></figure><p>A fresh pork sausage seasoned with herbs like lemongrass and Kaffir lime leaf. Usually served with purple sticky rice and pepper dip.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kooj_tis_qaib_nitim_(stuffed_chicken_wings)"><span id="Kooj_tis_qaib_nitim_.28stuffed_chicken_wings.29"></span><span title="Hmong-language text"><span lang="hmn" style="font-style: normal;">Kooj tis qaib nitim</span></span> (stuffed chicken wings)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Kooj tis qaib nitim (stuffed chicken wings)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deboned chicken wings stuffed with a meat mixture such as from an <a href="/wiki/Egg_roll" title="Egg roll">egg roll</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kab_yaub_(egg_rolls)"><span id="Kab_yaub_.28egg_rolls.29"></span><span title="Hmong-language text"><span lang="hmn" style="font-style: normal;">Kab yaub</span></span> (egg rolls)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Kab yaub (egg rolls)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gfp-eggrolls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gfp-eggrolls.jpg/220px-Gfp-eggrolls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gfp-eggrolls.jpg/330px-Gfp-eggrolls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gfp-eggrolls.jpg/440px-Gfp-eggrolls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2472" data-file-height="2184" /></a><figcaption>Hmong style egg rolls from Food Delicious</figcaption></figure><p>Traditional "Hmong" egg rolls can be culturally tied back to <a href="/wiki/Egg_roll" title="Egg roll">Vietnamese egg rolls</a> during their migration across Asia. These fried and flour wrapped rolls can be found at family events and annual events such as the <a href="/wiki/Hmong_New_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong New Year">Hmong New Year</a>. The Hmong community of <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> holds an annual fundraiser by selling traditional Hmong <a href="/wiki/Egg_roll" title="Egg roll">egg rolls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ProJo_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProJo-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each family has their own recipe, but typically the rolls consist of eggs mixed with shredded carrots and cabbage, ground pork, onions, scallions, and cilantro.<sup id="cite_ref-ProJo_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProJo-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are seasoned with <a href="/wiki/Oyster_sauce" title="Oyster sauce">oyster sauce</a>, rolled in a paper-thin wheat shell, and deep fried.<sup id="cite_ref-ProJo_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProJo-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nab_vam_(tri-color)"><span id="Nab_vam_.28tri-color.29"></span><span title="Hmong-language text"><span lang="hmn" style="font-style: normal;">Nab vam</span></span> (tri-color)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nab vam (tri-color)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dyed tapioca jelly with a sweet coconut sauce.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nab vam (pronounced as Nah-vah) is a traditional Hmong drink that is occasionally served during special events. In English, it can sometimes be called “tri-color”. Naab vaam is a sweetened dessert drink that consists of coconut, tapioca pearls, cendol, and many other toppings that are mixed in. In Hmong culture, it is essential to have toppings such as colored chestnuts, gelatin, sweet fruit, and grass jelly.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of these toppings can be made from scratch by using sugar, coconut milk, and rice flour. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Khaub_piaj/ko_pia_(chicken_soup_with_rice_noodles)"><span id="Khaub_piaj.2Fko_pia_.28chicken_soup_with_rice_noodles.29"></span><span title="Hmong-language text"><span lang="hmn" style="font-style: normal;">Khaub piaj/ko pia</span></span> (chicken soup with rice noodles)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Khaub piaj/ko pia (chicken soup with rice noodles)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A simple chicken soup with homemade rice noodles adopted from the Lao.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There are various names and spellings such as <span title="Hmong-language text"><i lang="hmn">khaub piaj</i></span> and <span title="Hmong-language text"><i lang="hmn">ko pia</i></span> or <span title="Hmong-language text"><i lang="hmn">kopia</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-MIT269_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIT269-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaub_qaub_(pickled_mustard_greens)"><span id="Zaub_qaub_.28pickled_mustard_greens.29"></span><span title="Hmong-language text"><span lang="hmn" style="font-style: normal;">Zaub qaub</span></span> (pickled mustard greens)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Zaub qaub (pickled mustard greens)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pickled_mustard" title="Pickled mustard">Pickled mustard</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mustard_greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustard greens">Mustard greens</a> fermented in <a href="/wiki/Rice_water" title="Rice water">rice water</a> or salt and vinegar. Commonly served with a meat dish such as Hmong sausage and sticky rice.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agricultural_traditions">Agricultural traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Agricultural traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ban_Vinai_Revisited_a017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ban_Vinai_Revisited_a017.jpg/220px-Ban_Vinai_Revisited_a017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ban_Vinai_Revisited_a017.jpg/330px-Ban_Vinai_Revisited_a017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ban_Vinai_Revisited_a017.jpg/440px-Ban_Vinai_Revisited_a017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption>Farming at a Hmong refugee camp in Thailand</figcaption></figure><p>Hmong people are traditionally agricultural.<sup id="cite_ref-Alkon_2020_262_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alkon_2020_262-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diaspora communities in the United States are known for their thriving home and community garden spaces, as well as strains of plants unique to Hmong seed keepers.<sup id="cite_ref-L'Annunziata_2010_p_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L'Annunziata_2010_p-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hmong New Year, the most major annual event, is centered around the annual rice harvest and involves nearly a week of feasts and whole roasted pigs.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bankston_2014_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bankston_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rice is considered the Hmong <a href="/wiki/Staple_crop" class="mw-redirect" title="Staple crop">staple crop</a> and is incorporated in most meals. <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize</a> is an alternate staple crop for some Hmong villages.<sup id="cite_ref-Nguanchoo_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nguanchoo-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bankston_2014_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bankston_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerBonninMichaud201540_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerBonninMichaud201540-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study of six Hmong villages in Northern Thailand found that vegetable stems and leaves were the main form of food, and the Hmong villagers consumed a total of 130 different species of vegetable. The most common preparations were raw or boiled in chicken soup. While many vegetables were cultivated, some were foraged from surrounding forests. Hmong cultivation of endangered plants for food was found to indirectly support their conservation.<sup id="cite_ref-Nguanchoo_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nguanchoo-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some key crops that Hmong American farmers produce are <a href="/wiki/Amaranth" title="Amaranth">amaranth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bitter_melon" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitter melon">bitter melon</a>, mini and regular <a href="/wiki/Bitterball" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitterball">bitterball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_long_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese long bean">Chinese long beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cucuzza_squash" class="mw-redirect" title="Cucuzza squash">cucuzza squash</a>, gai lon (<a href="/wiki/Gai_lan" title="Gai lan">gai lan</a>, Chinese broccoli), "Hmong corn", Hmong cucumbers, and "Hmong greens" <a href="/wiki/Yu_choy" class="mw-redirect" title="Yu choy">yu choy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Herbs">Herbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Herbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daun_Jeruk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Daun_Jeruk.jpg/220px-Daun_Jeruk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Daun_Jeruk.jpg/330px-Daun_Jeruk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Daun_Jeruk.jpg/440px-Daun_Jeruk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Kaffir lime leaf is a popular Hmong seasoning.</figcaption></figure><p>Herbs are used as food, seasoning, and traditional medicine—frequently all three at once.<sup id="cite_ref-L'Annunziata_2010_p_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L'Annunziata_2010_p-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nguanchoo_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nguanchoo-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hmong Americans tend to grow herbs in small pots and plots at home so they are close at hand for harvesting fresh and cooking quickly. Fresh herbs are so central to traditional Hmong cuisine, one participant in a Fresno, California majority-Hmong community garden said: "If you see pots outside with cilantro and [green onions], you know this is Hmong family."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bankston_2014_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bankston_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A common herb combination is "chicken herbs": a bundle that includes usually eight herbs used to flavor a chicken soup from traditional Hmong medicine (<span title="Hmong-language text"><i lang="hmn">Nqaij Qaib Hau Xyaw Tshuaj</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recipe is considered by some to be the signature Hmong dish.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common herbs in <span title="Hmong-language text"><i lang="hmn">tshuaj rau qaib</i></span> (chicken soup herbs) mixture: </p> <ul><li>Ncas liab<sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ntiv<sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Eutrochium" title="Eutrochium">Joe-pye weed</a> strain<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>Zej tshua ntuag<sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Koj liab/ko taw os liab<sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tshuaj rog liab<sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nkaj liab Hmoob<sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Iresine" title="Iresine">Iresine</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>Pawj qaib<sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Acorus_gramineus" title="Acorus gramineus">grassy-leaved sweet flag</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-srithi_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srithi-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Xuv ntsim<sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tauj dub (<i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_citratus" title="Cymbopogon citratus">Cymbopogon citratus</a></i>, known as lemon grass)<sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crum_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crum-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nroj rog liab (<a href="/wiki/Okinawan_spinach" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinawan spinach">Okinawan spinach</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limnophila_(plant)" title="Limnophila (plant)">Limnophila rugosa</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-srithi_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srithi-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sedum_sarmentosum" title="Sedum sarmentosum">Sedum sarmentosum</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-srithi_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srithi-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Livestock">Livestock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Livestock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hmong traditionally raise livestock such as chickens, cattle, and pigs. Chicken is a common meat while meats such as beef and pork were reserved for special occasions. In the 2000s an estimated 600 Hmong poultry farms existed in the United States, particularly in Southern states such as Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and North Carolina. Chicken is core to Hmong cuisine and additionally serves ritual purposes and features in traditional embroidery.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nguanchoo_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nguanchoo-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hunting, fishing, and foraging meat remain a significant supplement to livestock, even for Hmong diaspora in the United States. A study of Hmong households in Wisconsin recorded that 60% regularly hunted and fished, which was twice the rate of the general population.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hmong_American_cuisine">Hmong American cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hmong American cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hmong_Americans" title="Hmong Americans">Hmong Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Hmong_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="History of the Hmong in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">History of the Hmong in Minneapolis–Saint Paul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Hmong_in_California" title="History of the Hmong in California">History of the Hmong in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hmong_cuisine_-_woman_farming.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hmong_cuisine_-_woman_farming.jpg/220px-Hmong_cuisine_-_woman_farming.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hmong_cuisine_-_woman_farming.jpg/330px-Hmong_cuisine_-_woman_farming.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hmong_cuisine_-_woman_farming.jpg/440px-Hmong_cuisine_-_woman_farming.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2711" data-file-height="4081" /></a><figcaption>Hmong American woman farming</figcaption></figure><p>Mass immigration of Hmong refugees from Southeast Asia in the 1980s after the <a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a> led to a sizable population of Hmong people in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, primarily <a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alkon_2020_262_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alkon_2020_262-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Hmong adapted their own Southeast Asian cuisine to the realities of refugee camps in Thailand and poverty in the United States. Dishes tend to be small but flavorful, seasoned generously with herbs and spices. Rice is a staple in meals to balance out strong flavors.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ultimate_fusion_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ultimate_fusion-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hmong-style American food such as spiced hamburgers is sometimes called "Mee-Ka".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bankston_2014_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bankston_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hmong American households tend to be smaller than traditional Hmong households, with an average of three people per household and a focus on <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">nuclear family</a> versus extended tribe and clan ties, changing how food is produced and consumed, including making smaller meals.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hmong Americans born abroad who grew up in America may identify as a <a href="/wiki/Third_culture_kid" title="Third culture kid">third culture kid</a>, a child who was influenced by an exceptionally large amount of cultures and as a result feels they have their own new culture, especially around food.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources also describe this as the "one-and-a-half generation".<sup id="cite_ref-Vang200967_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vang200967-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hmong households in Minnesota were found to have the highest frequency of family meals and adolescent involvement in food preparation, versus other ethnic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holidays_and_religion">Holidays and religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Holidays and religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Christian and American holidays are widely adopted, they are celebrated in distinctly Hmong ways with traditional costumes and Hmong cuisine. A Thanksgiving meal might look like rice, Hmong sausage, and boiled chicken alongside the traditional American turkey, mashed potatoes, and gravy.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hmong_sausage" title="Hmong sausage">Hmong sausage</a> is a common dish during Hmong New Years celebrations and at other large gatherings such as festivals and graduations. It is typically served with <a href="/wiki/Purple_sticky_rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Purple sticky rice">purple sticky rice</a>, a preparation for naturally dyed <a href="/wiki/Glutinous_rice" title="Glutinous rice">glutinous rice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because many Hmong American Christians do not eat food made with blood, during mixed gatherings with Christians and traditional animists multiple forms of foods are prepared with and without blood.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_food_preparation">Commercial food preparation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Commercial food preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yia Vang runs a popular restaurant called Union Hmong Kitchen in Minneapolis, Minnesota.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hmongtown_Marketplace" title="Hmongtown Marketplace">Hmongtown Marketplace</a> in Saint Paul, Minnesota serves a variety of Hmong-style foods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feral_S2-12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Feral_S2-12.jpg/170px-Feral_S2-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Feral_S2-12.jpg/255px-Feral_S2-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Feral_S2-12.jpg/340px-Feral_S2-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="8640" /></a><figcaption>Yia Vang grilling <a href="/wiki/Copi_(fish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Copi (fish)">copi</a> with Hmong staple lemongrass on <a href="/wiki/Outdoor_Channel" title="Outdoor Channel">Outdoor Channel</a>'s <i>Feral</i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Chef Yia Vang featured Hmong food in <i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Chef:_Quest_for_an_Iron_Legend" title="Iron Chef: Quest for an Iron Legend">Iron Chef: Quest for an Iron Legend</a></i> episode six, "Battle Chili Peppers".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dishes from Hmongtown Marketplace vendors were featured in 2019 as part of <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a>-winning <i><a href="/wiki/United_Shades_of_America" title="United Shades of America">United Shades of America</a></i> with owner Toua Xiong and local Hmong American chef <a href="/wiki/Yia_Vang" title="Yia Vang">Yia Vang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Award-winning Hmong American poet <a href="/wiki/May_Lee-Yang" title="May Lee-Yang">May Lee-Yang</a> writes about Hmong food culture such as in <i>The Things a Hmong Woman Loves</i>: "a Hmong Woman loves baby / cucumbers, unripened papayas, and green mangoes / anything she can dip with chili peppers and fish sauce / to spice up her life"<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laotian_bowl_of_Pheu_Hmong_at_Sunday_Market_in_French_Guiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Laotian bowl of Pheu Hmong at Sunday Market in French Guiana"><img alt="Laotian bowl of Pheu Hmong at Sunday Market in French Guiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Laotian_bowl_of_Pheu_Hmong_at_Sunday_Market_in_French_Guiana.jpg/294px-Laotian_bowl_of_Pheu_Hmong_at_Sunday_Market_in_French_Guiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Laotian_bowl_of_Pheu_Hmong_at_Sunday_Market_in_French_Guiana.jpg/442px-Laotian_bowl_of_Pheu_Hmong_at_Sunday_Market_in_French_Guiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Laotian_bowl_of_Pheu_Hmong_at_Sunday_Market_in_French_Guiana.jpg/589px-Laotian_bowl_of_Pheu_Hmong_at_Sunday_Market_in_French_Guiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3989" data-file-height="3050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 176px"><div class="gallerytext">Laotian bowl of Pheu Hmong at Sunday Market in French Guiana</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lao_Hmong_KM_52_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An ethnic Hmong marketplace in Laos"><img alt="An ethnic Hmong marketplace in Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lao_Hmong_KM_52_Market.jpg/300px-Lao_Hmong_KM_52_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lao_Hmong_KM_52_Market.jpg/451px-Lao_Hmong_KM_52_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lao_Hmong_KM_52_Market.jpg/600px-Lao_Hmong_KM_52_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 180px"><div class="gallerytext">An ethnic Hmong marketplace in Laos</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hmong_cuisine_-_feast_in_Jim_Xoix_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Hmong dinner table"><img alt="A Hmong dinner table" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Hmong_cuisine_-_feast_in_Jim_Xoix_closeup.jpg/300px-Hmong_cuisine_-_feast_in_Jim_Xoix_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Hmong_cuisine_-_feast_in_Jim_Xoix_closeup.jpg/451px-Hmong_cuisine_-_feast_in_Jim_Xoix_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Hmong_cuisine_-_feast_in_Jim_Xoix_closeup.jpg/600px-Hmong_cuisine_-_feast_in_Jim_Xoix_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 180px"><div class="gallerytext">A Hmong dinner table</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pea_shoots_for_sale_at_Jack_London_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pea shoots for sale from a Hmong farmers market vendor in California"><img alt="Pea shoots for sale from a Hmong farmers market vendor in California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pea_shoots_for_sale_at_Jack_London_Square.jpg/338px-Pea_shoots_for_sale_at_Jack_London_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pea_shoots_for_sale_at_Jack_London_Square.jpg/508px-Pea_shoots_for_sale_at_Jack_London_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pea_shoots_for_sale_at_Jack_London_Square.jpg/676px-Pea_shoots_for_sale_at_Jack_London_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 206px"><div class="gallerytext">Pea shoots for sale from a Hmong farmers market vendor in California</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 101.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 99.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:May_Young_Vu_harvesting_flowers_and_herbs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Hmong farmer harvesting flowers and herbs in California"><img alt="A Hmong farmer harvesting flowers and herbs in California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/May_Young_Vu_harvesting_flowers_and_herbs.jpg/149px-May_Young_Vu_harvesting_flowers_and_herbs.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/May_Young_Vu_harvesting_flowers_and_herbs.jpg/224px-May_Young_Vu_harvesting_flowers_and_herbs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/May_Young_Vu_harvesting_flowers_and_herbs.jpg/299px-May_Young_Vu_harvesting_flowers_and_herbs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2711" data-file-height="4081" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 80px"><div class="gallerytext">A Hmong farmer harvesting flowers and herbs in California</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mung_bean_cake_at_Bac_Ha_Sunday_Market_in_Vietnam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mung bean cake at Bắc Hà Sunday Market in Vietnam"><img alt="Mung bean cake at Bắc Hà Sunday Market in Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Mung_bean_cake_at_Bac_Ha_Sunday_Market_in_Vietnam.jpg/336px-Mung_bean_cake_at_Bac_Ha_Sunday_Market_in_Vietnam.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Mung_bean_cake_at_Bac_Ha_Sunday_Market_in_Vietnam.jpg/505px-Mung_bean_cake_at_Bac_Ha_Sunday_Market_in_Vietnam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Mung_bean_cake_at_Bac_Ha_Sunday_Market_in_Vietnam.jpg/672px-Mung_bean_cake_at_Bac_Ha_Sunday_Market_in_Vietnam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1371" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 204px"><div class="gallerytext">Mung bean cake at Bắc Hà Sunday Market in Vietnam</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 153.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 151.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hmong_cucumber.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A varietal of cucumber grown by the Hmong people"><img alt="A varietal of cucumber grown by the Hmong people" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Hmong_cucumber.jpg/227px-Hmong_cucumber.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Hmong_cucumber.jpg/341px-Hmong_cucumber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Hmong_cucumber.jpg/453px-Hmong_cucumber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="773" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 132px"><div class="gallerytext">A varietal of cucumber grown by the Hmong people</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hmong_Goat_Head_Soup_Vietnam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hmong goat head soup meal at Bắc Hà Sunday Market in Vietnam"><img alt="Hmong goat head soup meal at Bắc Hà Sunday Market in Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hmong_Goat_Head_Soup_Vietnam.jpg/336px-Hmong_Goat_Head_Soup_Vietnam.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hmong_Goat_Head_Soup_Vietnam.jpg/505px-Hmong_Goat_Head_Soup_Vietnam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Hmong_Goat_Head_Soup_Vietnam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="402" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 204px"><div class="gallerytext">Hmong goat head soup meal at Bắc Hà Sunday Market in Vietnam</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hmong_specialities_restaurant_in_Ha_Giang_city_in_2014_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Hmong specialities restaurant in Ha Giang city, Vietnam, in 2014"><img alt="A Hmong specialities restaurant in Ha Giang city, Vietnam, in 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Hmong_specialities_restaurant_in_Ha_Giang_city_in_2014_02.jpg/400px-Hmong_specialities_restaurant_in_Ha_Giang_city_in_2014_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Hmong_specialities_restaurant_in_Ha_Giang_city_in_2014_02.jpg/601px-Hmong_specialities_restaurant_in_Ha_Giang_city_in_2014_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Hmong_specialities_restaurant_in_Ha_Giang_city_in_2014_02.jpg/800px-Hmong_specialities_restaurant_in_Ha_Giang_city_in_2014_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 247px"><div class="gallerytext">A Hmong specialities restaurant in Ha Giang city, Vietnam, in 2014</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hmong_cuisine" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hmong cuisine">Hmong cuisine</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_Americans" title="Hmong Americans">Hmong Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong culture">Hmong culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yia_Vang" title="Yia Vang">Yia Vang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_cuisines" title="List of Asian cuisines">List of Asian cuisines</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MIT270-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MIT270_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MIT270_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MIT270_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlkonVang2020">Alkon & Vang 2020</a>, p. 270</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bankston_2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bankston_2014_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bankston_2014_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bankston_2014_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bankston_2014_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bankston_2014_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bankston_2014_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBankston2014">Bankston 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFTH-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CFTH_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScripterYang2009">Scripter & Yang 2009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScripterYang2009">Scripter & Yang 2009</a>, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alkon_2020_262-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alkon_2020_262_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alkon_2020_262_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alkon_2020_262_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alkon_2020_262_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlkonVang2020">Alkon & Vang 2020</a>, p. 262</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ultimate_fusion-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ultimate_fusion_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ultimate_fusion_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ultimate_fusion_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJohn2015" class="citation web cs1">John, Steven (4 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/03/04/appetites-hmong-food">"Appetites: Hmong cuisine, 'the ultimate fusion food'<span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2024</span> – via <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>. <q>A triangular pattern with one jagged edge is known as "chicken tail" and evokes the chicken s important position in Hmong cuisine and as a ritual offering (22). A chicken is sacrificed at funerals, since it is believed to guide the soul of the deceased to the afterworld.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=College+Literature&rft.atitle=%27I+Salute+the+Spirit+of+My+Communities%27%3A+Autoethnographic+Innovations+in+Hmong+American+Literature&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=43-69&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Flit.2004.0030&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25115207%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Chiu&rft.aufirst=Jeannie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25115207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBussjaeger2020" class="citation journal cs1">Bussjaeger, Jackie A. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11578/">"Down the Deer Path: Reflections on the Future of Hunting in America"</a>. <i>Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers</i>. University of Montana<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2024</span>. <q>As the study observed, connection to the natural world is a significant part of Hmong culture, though widely under-researched. On American soil, many Hmong have continued the hunting, fishing, and foraging practices they carried out while living in Laos. A 1993 study found that 60 percent of Hmong households in Green Bay, Wisconsin participated in hunting and fishing—more than twice the participation rate of Green Bay's general population.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Graduate+Student+Theses%2C+Dissertations%2C+%26+Professional+Papers&rft.atitle=Down+the+Deer+Path%3A+Reflections+on+the+Future+of+Hunting+in+America&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Bussjaeger&rft.aufirst=Jackie+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.umt.edu%2Fetd%2F11578%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZonunpari2023" class="citation web cs1">Zonunpari, Angela (2023-08-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsmidwest.org/minnesotans-line-up-for-hmong-food-from-yia-vang/">"Minnesotans Line Up for Hmong Food from Yia Vang"</a>. <i>Arts Midwest</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arts+Midwest&rft.atitle=Minnesotans+Line+Up+for+Hmong+Food+from+Yia+Vang&rft.date=2023-08-22&rft.aulast=Zonunpari&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartsmidwest.org%2Fminnesotans-line-up-for-hmong-food-from-yia-vang%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVang2016">Vang 2016</a>, p. 939</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mprnews.org/episode/2022/06/15/gia-vang-and-yia-vang-on-hmonglish-iron-chef-and-leaving-kare-11">"Gia Vang and Yia Vang on 'Hmonglish,' Iron Chef and leaving KARE 11"</a>. <i>MPR News</i>. 2022-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MPR+News&rft.atitle=Gia+Vang+and+Yia+Vang+on+%27Hmonglish%2C%27+Iron+Chef+and+leaving+KARE+11&rft.date=2022-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mprnews.org%2Fepisode%2F2022%2F06%2F15%2Fgia-vang-and-yia-vang-on-hmonglish-iron-chef-and-leaving-kare-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrofholzTateFulkersonHearst2019" class="citation journal cs1">Trofholz, Amanda; Tate, Allan; Fulkerson, Jayne A; Hearst, Mary O; Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne; Berge, Jerica M (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7310517">"Description of the home food environment in Black, White, Hmong, Latino, Native American and Somali homes with 5–7-year-old children"</a>. <i>Public Health Nutrition</i>. <b>22</b> (5): 882–893. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS136898001800280X">10.1017/S136898001800280X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1368-9800">1368-9800</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7310517">7310517</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30477596">30477596</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Description+of+the+home+food+environment+in+Black%2C+White%2C+Hmong%2C+Latino%2C+Native+American+and+Somali+homes+with+5%E2%80%937-year-old+children&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=882-893&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7310517%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1368-9800&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30477596&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS136898001800280X&rft.aulast=Trofholz&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft.au=Tate%2C+Allan&rft.au=Fulkerson%2C+Jayne+A&rft.au=Hearst%2C+Mary+O&rft.au=Neumark-Sztainer%2C+Dianne&rft.au=Berge%2C+Jerica+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7310517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVang2016">Vang 2016</a>, p. 965</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVang2016">Vang 2016</a>, p. 968</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/chef-yia-vang-union-hmong-kitchen-minneapolis-north-loop/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Food Is A Universal Language': Chef Yia Vang Finds Home For Hmong Flavors In Minneapolis' North Loop - CBS Minnesota"</a>. <i>www.cbsnews.com</i>. 2021-10-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=%27Food+Is+A+Universal+Language%27%3A+Chef+Yia+Vang+Finds+Home+For+Hmong+Flavors+In+Minneapolis%27+North+Loop+-+CBS+Minnesota&rft.date=2021-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fminnesota%2Fnews%2Fchef-yia-vang-union-hmong-kitchen-minneapolis-north-loop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">"Battle Chili Peppers". <a href="/wiki/Iron_Chef:_Quest_for_an_Iron_Legend" title="Iron Chef: Quest for an Iron Legend"><i>Iron Chef: Quest for an Iron Legend</i></a>. Netflix.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iron+Chef%3A+Quest+for+an+Iron+Legend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2019" class="citation web cs1">Jackson, Sharyn (19 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.startribune.com/cnn-show-features-minneapolis-hmong-chef-yia-vang/509691132/">"CNN show 'United Shades of America' goes inside the home of Minnesota's rising star Hmong chef"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Tribune">Star Tribune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Star+Tribune&rft.atitle=CNN+show+%27United+Shades+of+America%27+goes+inside+the+home+of+Minnesota%27s+rising+star+Hmong+chef&rft.date=2019-05-19&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Sharyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.startribune.com%2Fcnn-show-features-minneapolis-hmong-chef-yia-vang%2F509691132%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee-Yang2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/May_Lee-Yang" title="May Lee-Yang">Lee-Yang, May</a> (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lazyhmongwoman.com/writer/poetry/things-hmong-woman-love">"The Things a Hmong Woman Loves"</a>. <i>May Lee Yang</i>. May Lee-Yang & Lazy Hmong Woman Productions<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=May+Lee+Yang&rft.atitle=The+Things+a+Hmong+Woman+Loves&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Lee-Yang&rft.aufirst=May&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flazyhmongwoman.com%2Fwriter%2Fpoetry%2Fthings-hmong-woman-love&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cited">Cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlkonVang2020" class="citation book cs1">Alkon AH, Vang K (24 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-edited-volume/4614/chapter/625666/Boiled-Chicken-and-Pizza-The-Making-of">"13: Boiled Chicken and Pizza: The Making of Transnational Hmong American Foodways"</a>. In Agyeman J, Giacalone S (eds.). <i>The Immigrant-Food Nexus: Borders, Labor, and Identity in North America</i>. Food, Health, and the Environment. <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>. pp. 261–280. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7551%2Fmitpress%2F11862.001.0001">10.7551/mitpress/11862.001.0001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262538411" title="Special:BookSources/9780262538411"><bdi>9780262538411</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=13%3A+Boiled+Chicken+and+Pizza%3A+The+Making+of+Transnational+Hmong+American+Foodways&rft.btitle=The+Immigrant-Food+Nexus%3A+Borders%2C+Labor%2C+and+Identity+in+North+America&rft.series=Food%2C+Health%2C+and+the+Environment&rft.pages=261-280&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2020-03-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7551%2Fmitpress%2F11862.001.0001&rft.isbn=9780262538411&rft.aulast=Alkon&rft.aufirst=Alison+Hope&rft.au=Vang%2C+Kat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdirect.mit.edu%2Fbooks%2Foa-edited-volume%2F4614%2Fchapter%2F625666%2FBoiled-Chicken-and-Pizza-The-Making-of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBankston2014" class="citation book cs1">Bankston, Carl L. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3273300087/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=a9aebfcf">"Hmong Americans"</a>. In Riggs, Thomas (ed.). <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America</i>. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Gale_(publisher)" title="Gale (publisher)">Gale</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Cengage_Group" title="Cengage Group">Cengage Group</a>. p. 336<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2024</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Gale_Power_Search" class="mw-redirect" title="Gale Power Search">Gale Power Search</a>. <q>White rice is the staple food of the Hmong. The dishes eaten with rice are often spiced with peppers in a manner similar to Thai food. The Hmong also eat noodle dishes that resemble a Vietnamese noodle soup known as pho, which has become popular in the United States. Common meat dishes include broiled chicken, lemongrass marinated pork, and sautéed chicken. The Hmong Americans often grow their own vegetables in gardens, including bitter melon, bok choi, eggplant, and turnips. Traditional foods are especially popular among Hmong Americans at the annual New Year festival.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hmong+Americans&rft.btitle=Gale+Encyclopedia+of+Multicultural+America&rft.pages=336&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Gale%2C+part+of+Cengage+Group&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Bankston&rft.aufirst=Carl+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.gale.com%2Fapps%2Fdoc%2FCX3273300087%2FGPS%3Fu%3Dwikipedia%26sid%3Dbookmark-GPS%26xid%3Da9aebfcf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCha2010" class="citation book cs1">Cha, Ya Po (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontohm0000chay/page/210/mode/1up"><i>An Introduction to Hmong Culture</i></a></span>. Jefferson: North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company,_Inc.,_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers">McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-4951-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-4951-4"><bdi>978-0-7864-4951-4</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Hmong+Culture&rft.place=Jefferson%3A+North+Carolina&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company%2C+Inc.%2C+Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-4951-4&rft.aulast=Cha&rft.aufirst=Ya+Po&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontohm0000chay%2Fpage%2F210%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL'Annunziata2010" class="citation journal cs1">L'Annunziata, Elena (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23263228">"Following the Plant: The Political Ecology of a Hmong Community Garden"</a></span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humboldt_Journal_of_Social_Relations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humboldt Journal of Social Relations (page does not exist)">Humboldt Journal of Social Relations</a></i>. <b>33</b> (1/2): 97–134. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23263228">23263228</a> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humboldt+Journal+of+Social+Relations&rft.atitle=Following+the+Plant%3A+The+Political+Ecology+of+a+Hmong+Community+Garden&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=97-134&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23263228%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=L%27Annunziata&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23263228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeTapp2010" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Gary Yia; Tapp, Nicholas (2010). Lu, Hanchao (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof0000leeg"><i>Culture and Customs of the Hmong</i></a></span>. Culture and Customs of Asia. Santa Barbara, California: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, an imprint of <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO,_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO, LLC">ABC-CLIO, LLC</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34526-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34526-5"><bdi>978-0-313-34526-5</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+the+Hmong&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.series=Culture+and+Customs+of+Asia&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group%2C+an+imprint+of+ABC-CLIO%2C+LLC&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34526-5&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Gary+Yia&rft.au=Tapp%2C+Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fculturecustomsof0000leeg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScripterYang2009" class="citation book cs1">Scripter, Sami; Yang, Sheng (2009). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8tSYa32W5iUC"><i>Cooking from the Heart: The Hmong Kitchen in America</i></a></span>. Minneapolis: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Press" title="University of Minnesota Press">University of Minnesota Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781452914510" title="Special:BookSources/9781452914510"><bdi>9781452914510</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/286478281">286478281</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cooking+from+the+Heart%3A+The+Hmong+Kitchen+in+America&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F286478281&rft.isbn=9781452914510&rft.aulast=Scripter&rft.aufirst=Sami&rft.au=Yang%2C+Sheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8tSYa32W5iUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8tSYa32W5iUC">Cooking from the Heart: The Hmong Kitchen in America</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnerBonninMichaud2015" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Sarah; Bonnin, Christine; Michaud, Jean (2015). <i>Frontier Livelihoods: Hmong In the Sino-Vietnamese Borderlands</i>. Seattle: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-99466-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-99466-6"><bdi>978-0-295-99466-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontier+Livelihoods%3A+Hmong+In+the+Sino-Vietnamese+Borderlands&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-295-99466-6&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Bonnin%2C+Christine&rft.au=Michaud%2C+Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVang2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chia_Youyee_Vang" title="Chia Youyee Vang">Vang, Chia Youyee</a> (24 July 2009). <i>Hmong in Minnesota</i>. People of Minnesota. <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Historical_Society_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnesota Historical Society Press">Minnesota Historical Society Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873517379" title="Special:BookSources/9780873517379"><bdi>9780873517379</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hmong+in+Minnesota&rft.series=People+of+Minnesota&rft.pub=Minnesota+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=2009-07-24&rft.isbn=9780873517379&rft.aulast=Vang&rft.aufirst=Chia+Youyee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVang2016" class="citation book cs1">Vang, Nengher N. (13 March 2016). "Hmong American Culture". In Dong, Lan (ed.). <i>Asian American Culture: From Anime to Tiger Moms</i>. Cultures of the American Mosaic. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1440829208" title="Special:BookSources/978-1440829208"><bdi>978-1440829208</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hmong+American+Culture&rft.btitle=Asian+American+Culture%3A+From+Anime+to+Tiger+Moms&rft.series=Cultures+of+the+American+Mosaic&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2016-03-13&rft.isbn=978-1440829208&rft.aulast=Vang&rft.aufirst=Nengher+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurckhardt2004" class="citation book cs1">Burckhardt, Ann (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MAlVSO2v5VAC&pg=PA49">"Family Reunions + Feasting = Hmong New Year"</a>. <i>A Cook's Tour of Minnesota</i>. <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Historical_Society_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnesota Historical Society Press">Minnesota Historical Society Press</a>. pp. 39–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873514682" title="Special:BookSources/9780873514682"><bdi>9780873514682</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Family+Reunions+%2B+Feasting+%3D+Hmong+New+Year&rft.btitle=A+Cook%27s+Tour+of+Minnesota&rft.pages=39-54&rft.pub=Minnesota+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780873514682&rft.aulast=Burckhardt&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMAlVSO2v5VAC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MAlVSO2v5VAC">A Cook's Tour of Minnesota</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarman2018" class="citation web cs1">Carman, Tim (December 26, 2018). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/in-the-twin-cities-asian-chefs-feel-the-sting-of-andrew-zimmerns-insults-they-say-his-apology-isnt-enough/2018/12/26/77beee1e-ff37-11e8-862a-b6a6f3ce8199_story.html">"In the Twin Cities, Asian chefs feel the sting of Andrew Zimmern's insults. They say his apology isn't enough"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/EBSCOhost_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EBSCOhost (identifier)">EBSCO<i>host</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=bwh&AN=wapo.77beee1e-ff37-11e8-862a-b6a6f3ce8199">wapo.77beee1e-ff37-11e8-862a-b6a6f3ce8199</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=In+the+Twin+Cities%2C+Asian+chefs+feel+the+sting+of+Andrew+Zimmern%E2%80%99s+insults.+They+say+his+apology+isn%E2%80%99t+enough.&rft.date=2018-12-26&rft.aulast=Carman&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Ffood%2Fin-the-twin-cities-asian-chefs-feel-the-sting-of-andrew-zimmerns-insults-they-say-his-apology-isnt-enough%2F2018%2F12%2F26%2F77beee1e-ff37-11e8-862a-b6a6f3ce8199_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">More Best Ever Food Review Show (October 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=QLoX1pnURNI"><i>NOT For Newbies!! The Asian Food You've NEVER SEEN Before!!</i></a> (video)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2024</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NOT+For+Newbies%21%21+The+Asian+Food+You%27ve+NEVER+SEEN+Before%21%21&rft.date=2021-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyoutube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DQLoX1pnURNI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHmong+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong_cuisine&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learnuake.org/articles/hmong-culture/agriculture-land/">Agriculture & Land Relations in Hmong Culture</a> from Learn Uake</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hmongcooking.com/home/index.php">Hmong recipe website from the authors of <i>Cooking from the Heart: The Hmong Kitchen in America</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unionkitchenmn.com/a-note-on-authenticity-vs-traditional">What is authenticity in food? essay by Union Hmong Kitchen's Yia Vang and Ming-Jinn Tong</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hmongfood.life">Culinary culture of the Hmong people <i>Hmong Food</i></a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/21px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/32px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/42px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Laos" title="Portal:Laos">Laos</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/21px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/32px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/42px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Thailand" title="Portal:Thailand">Thailand</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/21px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/42px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/21px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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style="width:1%">Continental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_cuisine" title="West African cuisine">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_cuisines" title="List of African cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Cuisine of the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_cuisine" title="Caribbean cuisine">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_cuisine" title="North American cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_cuisine" title="South American cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines_of_the_Americas" title="List of cuisines of the Americas">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_cuisines" title="List of Asian cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_cuisine" title="Eastern European cuisine">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_cuisines" title="List of European cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_cuisine" title="Oceanian cuisine">Oceanian</a></li> <li>Intercontinental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_cuisine" title="Global cuisine">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">National</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Regional_cuisine" title="Regional cuisine">regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_cuisine" title="California cuisine">Californian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floribbean_cuisine" title="Floribbean cuisine">Floribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Cuisine of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowcountry_cuisine" title="Lowcountry cuisine">Lowcountry (South Carolina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Midwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Midwestern United States">Midwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">New English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine" title="Pacific Northwest cuisine">Pacific Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican cuisine">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">Southern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southwestern United States">Southwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Texan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_cuisine" title="Angolan cuisine">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cuisine" title="Argentine cuisine">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_cuisine" title="Bahraini cuisine">Bahraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_cuisine" title="Barbadian cuisine">Barbadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_cuisine" title="Belarusian cuisine">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_cuisine" title="Belizean cuisine">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_cuisine" title="Benin cuisine">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_cuisine" title="Bolivian cuisine">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian-Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_cuisine" title="Botswana cuisine">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguillian_cuisine" title="Anguillian cuisine">Anguillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_cuisine" title="Channel Islands cuisine">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Saint_Helena" title="Cuisine of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine" title="Welsh cuisine">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_cuisine" title="Bruneian cuisine">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_cuisine" title="Burkinabe cuisine">Burkinabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cuisine" title="Burmese cuisine">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_cuisine" title="Burundian cuisine">Burundian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_cuisine" title="Cameroonian cuisine">Cameroonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_cuisine" title="Acadian cuisine">Acadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Quebec" title="Cuisine of Quebec">Québécois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cuisine of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_cuisine" title="Chadian cuisine">Chadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_cuisine" title="Macanese cuisine">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_cuisine" title="Uyghur cuisine">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_cuisine" title="Congolese cuisine">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cuisine" title="Cuban cuisine">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_cuisine" title="Greenlandic cuisine">Greenlandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_cuisine" title="Djiboutian cuisine">Djiboutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica_cuisine" title="Dominica cuisine">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_cuisine" title="Dominican Republic cuisine">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_East_Timor" title="Cuisine of East Timor">East Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_cuisine" title="Ecuadorian cuisine">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_cuisine" title="Emirati cuisine">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_cuisine" title="Eritrean cuisine">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_cuisine" title="Fijian cuisine">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_cuisine" title="Kapampangan cuisine">Kapampangan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Cuisine of Réunion">La Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guianan_cuisine" title="French Guianan cuisine">French Guianan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_cuisine" title="Occitan cuisine">Occitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_cuisine" title="Gabonese cuisine">Gabonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_cuisine" title="Gambian cuisine">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirotic_cuisine" title="Epirotic cuisine">Epirotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Macedonian_cuisine" title="Greek Macedonian cuisine">Greek Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="Cuisine of the Ionian Islands">Heptanesean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_cuisine" title="Guatemalan cuisine">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissauan_cuisine" title="Guinea-Bissauan cuisine">Guinea-Bissauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Guinea">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_cuisine" title="Honduran cuisine">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_cuisine" title="Andhra cuisine">Andhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachali_cuisine" title="Arunachali cuisine">Arunachali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cuisine" title="Assamese cuisine">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_cuisine" title="Bihari cuisine">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cuisine" title="Chhattisgarhi cuisine">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cuisine" title="Gujarati cuisine">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Haryanvi cuisine">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhandi_cuisine" title="Jharkhandi cuisine">Jharkhandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_cuisine" title="Kerala cuisine">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Maharashtrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_cuisine" title="Manipuri cuisine">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalayan_cuisine" title="Meghalayan cuisine">Meghalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_cuisine" title="Mizo cuisine">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_cuisine" title="Naga cuisine">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Odia cuisine">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_cuisine" title="Rajasthani cuisine">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_cuisine" title="Sikkimese cuisine">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cuisine" title="Sindhi cuisine">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cuisine" title="Tamil cuisine">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_cuisine" title="Telangana cuisine">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_cuisine" title="Tripuri cuisine">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_cuisine" title="Uttar Pradesh cuisine">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhandi_cuisine" title="Uttarakhandi cuisine">Uttarakhandi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_cuisine" title="Acehnese cuisine">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cuisine" title="Balinese cuisine">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_cuisine" title="Banjar cuisine">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_cuisine" title="Batak cuisine">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_cuisine" title="Betawi cuisine">Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorontalo cuisine">Gorontalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_cuisine" title="Indo cuisine">Indo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cuisine" title="Javanese cuisine">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_cuisine" title="Madurese cuisine">Madurese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_cuisine" title="Makassar cuisine">Makassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_cuisine" title="Minahasan cuisine">Minahasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang_cuisine" title="Padang cuisine">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang_cuisine" title="Palembang cuisine">Palembangese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_cuisine" title="Sundanese cuisine">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia" title="Cuisine of Sardinia">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_food" title="Tuscan food">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Veneto">Venetian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_cuisine" title="Ivorian cuisine">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_cuisine" title="Jamaican cuisine">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_cuisine" title="Okinawan cuisine">Okinawan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan cuisine">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_cuisine" title="North Korean cuisine">North Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_cuisine" title="South Korean cuisine">South Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_cuisine" title="Kuwaiti cuisine">Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_cuisine" title="Kyrgyz cuisine">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_cuisine" title="Lao cuisine">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Lesotho" title="Cuisine of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_cuisine" title="Liberian cuisine">Liberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_cuisine" title="Liechtenstein cuisine">Liechtensteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Luxembourg" title="Cuisine of Luxembourg">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_cuisine" title="Malagasy cuisine">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_cuisine" title="Malawian cuisine">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabahan_cuisine" title="Sabahan cuisine">Sabahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawakian_cuisine" title="Sarawakian cuisine">Sarawakian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_cuisine" title="Maldivian cuisine">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_cuisine" title="Malian cuisine">Malian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_cuisine" title="Marshallese cuisine">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_cuisine" title="Mauritanian cuisine">Mauritanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_cuisine" title="Mauritian cuisine">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_cuisine" title="Mozambican cuisine">Mozambican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_cuisine" title="Namibian cuisine">Namibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_cuisine" title="Nauruan cuisine">Nauruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_cuisine" title="Nicaraguan cuisine">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Niger" title="Cuisine of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine" title="Nigerian cuisine">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuean_cuisine" title="Niuean cuisine">Niuean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_cuisine" title="Omani cuisine">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_cuisine" title="Panamanian cuisine">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_cuisine" title="Papua New Guinean cuisine">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_cuisine" title="Paraguayan cuisine">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cuisine" title="Peruvian cuisine">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_cuisine" title="Qatari cuisine">Qatari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_cuisine" title="Bashkir cuisine">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_cuisine" title="Chechen cuisine">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_cuisine" title="Circassian cuisine">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_cuisine" title="Cossack cuisine">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_cuisine" title="Komi cuisine">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovian_cuisine" title="Mordovian cuisine">Mordovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_cuisine" title="Sakha cuisine">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_cuisine" title="Tatar cuisine">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_cuisine" title="Udmurt cuisine">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal_cuisine" title="Yamal cuisine">Yamal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_cuisine" title="Rwandan cuisine">Rwandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_cuisine" title="Saint Lucian cuisine">Saint Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_cuisine" title="Salvadoran cuisine">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cuisine of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Saudi Arabian cuisine">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_cuisine" title="Senegalese cuisine">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_cuisine" title="Seychellois cuisine">Seychellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_cuisine" title="Sierra Leonean cuisine">Sierra Leonean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cuisine" title="Somali cuisine">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_cuisine" title="Andalusian cuisine">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_cuisine" title="Asturian cuisine">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_cuisine" title="Balearic cuisine">Balearic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_cuisine" title="Basque cuisine">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_cuisine" title="Canarian cuisine">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_cuisine" title="Cantabrian cuisine">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_cuisine" title="Extremaduran cuisine">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_cuisine" title="Galician cuisine">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchego_cuisine" title="Manchego cuisine">Manchegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_cuisine" title="Valencian cuisine">Valencian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_cuisine" title="Sudanese cuisine">Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Eswatini" title="Cuisine of Eswatini">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_cuisine" title="Tajik cuisine">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzanian cuisine">Tanzanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibari_cuisine" title="Zanzibari cuisine">Zanzibari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_cuisine" title="Togolese cuisine">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_cuisine" title="Turkmen cuisine">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_cuisine" title="Tuvaluan cuisine">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_cuisine" title="Trinidad and Tobago cuisine">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_cuisine" title="Ugandan cuisine">Ugandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_cuisine" title="Uruguayan cuisine">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cuisine" title="Uzbek cuisine">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatuan_cuisine" title="Vanuatuan cuisine">Vanuatuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_cuisine" title="Venezuelan cuisine">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_cuisine" title="Western Saharan cuisine">Western Saharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_cuisine" title="Yemeni cuisine">Yemeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_cuisine" title="Zambian cuisine">Zambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwean cuisine">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_cuisine" title="Ainu cuisine">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Arab Indonesian cuisine">Arab-Indonesian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_cuisine" title="Aromanian cuisine">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuisine" title="Assyrian cuisine">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cuisine" title="Balochi cuisine">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_cuisine" title="Buryat cuisine">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_cuisine" title="Cajun cuisine">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Australian Chinese cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine" title="British Chinese cuisine">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Cambodian Chinese cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Canadian Chinese cuisine">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine" title="Filipino Chinese cuisine">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Chinese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Chinese cuisine">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Chinese Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Malaysian Chinese cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine" title="Pakistani Chinese cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa">Peruvian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_cuisine" title="Crimean Tatar cuisine">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_cuisine" title="Gagauz cuisine">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek-American_cuisine" title="Greek-American cuisine">Greek-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi cuisine">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_cuisine" title="Anglo-Indian cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indian Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_cuisine" title="Malaysian Indian cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Indian_cuisine" title="North Indian cuisine">North Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_cuisine" title="South Indian cuisine">South Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Indigenous American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_tucker" title="Bush tucker">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_cuisine" title="Inuit cuisine">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Moroccan Jewish cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Syrian Jewish cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_cuisine" title="Livonian cuisine">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_cuisine" title="Louisiana Creole cuisine">Louisiana Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_cuisine" title="Malay cuisine">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_cuisine" title="Ossetian cuisine">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsi_cuisine" title="Parsi cuisine">Parsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_cuisine" title="Peranakan cuisine">Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_cuisine" title="Pontic Greek cuisine">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_cuisine" title="Romani cuisine">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_cuisine" title="Sámi cuisine">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxon_cuisine" title="Transylvanian Saxon cuisine">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yup%27ik_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yup'ik cuisine">Yup'ik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_dietary_laws" title="Christian dietary laws">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholic_cuisine" title="Goan Catholic cuisine">Goan Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholic_cuisine" title="Mangalorean Catholic cuisine">Mangalorean Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_cuisine" title="Mennonite cuisine">Mennonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Ital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher food">Kosher food</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_slaughter" title="Ritual slaughter">Ritual slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Antebellum_America" title="Cuisine of Antebellum America">Antebellum America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_cuisine" title="Aztec cuisine">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine" title="Early modern European cuisine">Early modern European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Argentine_cuisine" title="History of Argentine cuisine">Historical Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_cuisine" title="History of Chinese cuisine">Historical Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_cuisine" title="History of Indian cuisine">Historical Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_cuisine" title="History of Japanese cuisine">Historical Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_North_Indian_and_Pakistani_foods" title="Origins of North Indian and Pakistani foods">Historical North Indian and Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="History of alcoholic drinks">History of alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bread" title="History of bread">History of bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_seafood" title="History of seafood">History of seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History of vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuisine" title="Hittite cuisine">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_foods" title="Peasant foods">Peasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Native cuisine of Hawaii">Pre-contact Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_royal_court_cuisine" title="Korean royal court cuisine">Korean royal court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_the_Scottish_royal_household" title="Food and the Scottish royal household">Scottish royal household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_cuisine" title="Soviet cuisine">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_classique" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine classique">Classique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_cuisine" title="Fusion cuisine">Fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_American_cuisine" title="New American cuisine">New American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_cuisine_of_Singapore_and_Malaysia" title="Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia">Eurasian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">Haute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_gastronomy" title="Molecular gastronomy">Molecular gastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Note_by_Note_cuisine" title="Note by Note cuisine">Note by Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_cuisine" title="Nouvelle cuisine">Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Vegetarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">List of cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">List of historical cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_foods" title="Lists of foods">Lists of foods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_prepared_foods" title="Lists of prepared foods">Prepared</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">Cookbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culinary_arts" title="Culinary arts">Culinary arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_history" title="Food history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_food" title="Sociology of food">sociology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)" title="Diet (nutrition)">Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">Meal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meal_preparation" title="Meal preparation">Meal preparation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cuisine" 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