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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Нэвтрэх</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B6:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:MyTalk" title="Энэ IP хаягаас үйлдсэн засваруудын тухай хэлэлцүүлэг [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Хэлэлцүүлэг</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Гарчиг" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Гарчиг</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">хажуугийн цэсэнд шилжүүлэх</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">хумих</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Эхлэл</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Түүх" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Түүх"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Түүх</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Түүх-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Түүх хэсгийг нээж хаах</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Түүх-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Бүрэлдэн_тогтсон_нь" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бүрэлдэн_тогтсон_нь"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Бүрэлдэн тогтсон нь</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бүрэлдэн_тогтсон_нь-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Зөвлөлт_Социалист_Бүгд_Найрамдах_улсуудын_нэгтгэл" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Зөвлөлт_Социалист_Бүгд_Найрамдах_улсуудын_нэгтгэл"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Зөвлөлт Социалист Бүгд Найрамдах улсуудын нэгтгэл</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Зөвлөлт_Социалист_Бүгд_Найрамдах_улсуудын_нэгтгэл-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сталины_дэглэм" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сталины_дэглэм"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Сталины дэглэм</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сталины_дэглэм-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сталины_дараах_ЗХУ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сталины_дараах_ЗХУ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Сталины дараах ЗХУ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сталины_дараах_ЗХУ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Улс_төрийн_хувьд" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Улс_төрийн_хувьд"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Улс төрийн хувьд</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Улс_төрийн_хувьд-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Үзэл_суртлын_дайн_буюу_хүйтэн_дайн" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Үзэл_суртлын_дайн_буюу_хүйтэн_дайн"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Үзэл суртлын дайн буюу хүйтэн дайн</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Үзэл_суртлын_дайн_буюу_хүйтэн_дайн-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Цөмийн_дайны_хямрал" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Цөмийн_дайны_хямрал"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>Цөмийн дайны хямрал</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Цөмийн_дайны_хямрал-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Эдийн_засаг" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Эдийн_засаг"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.4</span> <span>Эдийн засаг</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Эдийн_засаг-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Цэрэг_арми" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Цэрэг_арми"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.5</span> <span>Цэрэг арми</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Цэрэг_арми-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Нийгмийн_байдал" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Нийгмийн_байдал"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.6</span> <span>Нийгмийн байдал</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Нийгмийн_байдал-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Горбачёвын_шинэчлэлүүд" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Горбачёвын_шинэчлэлүүд"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Горбачёвын шинэчлэлүүд</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Горбачёвын_шинэчлэлүүд-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Бутрал" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бутрал"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Бутрал</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бутрал-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Бүрэлдэхүүн" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бүрэлдэхүүн"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Бүрэлдэхүүн</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бүрэлдэхүүн-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Мөн_үзэх" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Мөн_үзэх"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Мөн үзэх</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Мөн_үзэх-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гадаад_холбоос" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гадаад_холбоос"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Гадаад холбоос</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гадаад_холбоос-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Гарчиг" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Гарчигийг нээж хаах" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Гарчигийг нээж хаах</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 214 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-214" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">214 хэлээр</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Асоветтә Социалисттә Республикақәа Реидгыла – абхаз" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Асоветтә Социалисттә Республикақәа Реидгыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="абхаз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet – ачин" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Uni Soviet" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ачин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="онцлох өгүүлэл"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie – африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sowjetunie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunion" title="Sowjetunion – швейцари-герман" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sowjetunion" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцари-герман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B6%E1%89%AA%E1%8B%AC%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%95%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B5" title="ሶቪዬት ሕብረት – амхар" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሶቪዬት ሕብረት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_de_Republicas_Socialistas_Sovieticas" title="Unión de Republicas Socialistas Sovieticas – арагон" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Unión de Republicas Socialistas Sovieticas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofiet_Gesamnung" title="Sofiet Gesamnung – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sofiet Gesamnung" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="الاتحاد السوفيتي – араб" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الاتحاد السوفيتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="لإتحاد السوڤياتي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لإتحاد السوڤياتي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%89" title="الاتحاد السوفييتى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاتحاد السوفييتى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%27%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%98" title="ছ'ভিয়েট সংঘ – ассам" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ছ'ভিয়েট সংঘ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Xunión Soviética – астури" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xunión Soviética" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астури" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Советияб Союзалъул Социялизмаялъул Республикаби – авар" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Советияб Союзалъул Социялизмаялъул Республикаби" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="авар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSSS" title="TSSS – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="TSSS" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSR%C4%B0" title="SSRİ – азербайжан" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="SSRİ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайжан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="شوروی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شوروی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Совет Социалистик Республикалар Союзы – башкир" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Совет Социалистик Республикалар Союзы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкир" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet – бали" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Uni Soviet" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="бали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunion" title="Sowjetunion – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Sowjetunion" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar%C4%ABbu_S%C4%81jonga" title="Tarību Sājonga – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tarību Sājonga" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Саюз Савецкіх Сацыялістычных Рэспублік – беларусь" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Саюз Савецкіх Сацыялістычных Рэспублік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Саюз Савецкіх Сацыялістычных Рэспублік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Саюз Савецкіх Сацыялістычных Рэспублік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Съюз на съветските социалистически републики – болгар" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Съюз на съветските социалистически републики" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="सोवियत यूनियन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सोवियत यूनियन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন – бенгал" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B" title="སུའུ་ལེན་ – төвд" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སུའུ་ལེན་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="төвд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unaniezh_ar_Republiko%C3%B9_Sokialour_Soviedel" title="Unaniezh ar Republikoù Sokialour Soviedel – бретон" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Unaniezh ar Republikoù Sokialour Soviedel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetski_Savez" title="Sovjetski Savez – босни" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sovjetski Savez" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босни" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D2%AF%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8D_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Зүблэлтэ холбоото улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Зүблэлтэ холбоото улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_de_Rep%C3%BAbliques_Socialistes_Sovi%C3%A8tiques" title="Unió de Repúbliques Socialistes Soviètiques – каталан" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Unió de Repúbliques Socialistes Soviètiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%AD-li%C3%A8ng" title="Sŭ-lièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sŭ-lièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Советийн Социалистийн Республикийн Союз – чечень" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Советийн Социалистийн Республикийн Союз" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чечень" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unyong_Sobyet" title="Unyong Sobyet – себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Unyong Sobyet" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8E%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%86%DA%A4%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA" title="یەکێتیی سۆڤیەت – төв курд" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یەکێتیی سۆڤیەت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="төв курд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Euralar_Sotsialistik_Cumhuriyetleri_Birligi" title="Şuralar Sotsialistik Cumhuriyetleri Birligi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Şuralar Sotsialistik Cumhuriyetleri Birligi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sov%C4%9Btsk%C3%BD_svaz" title="Sovětský svaz – чех" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sovětský svaz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B2%D1%A3%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%97%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B2%D1%AB%EA%99%81%D1%8A" title="Съвѣтьскъ Социалистичьскъ Димократїи Съвѫꙁъ – сүмийн славян" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Съвѣтьскъ Социалистичьскъ Димократїи Съвѫꙁъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="сүмийн славян" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9F%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Совет Социализм Республикисен Пĕрлешĕвĕ – чуваш" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Совет Социализм Республикисен Пĕрлешĕвĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Undeb_Sofietaidd" title="Yr Undeb Sofietaidd – уэльс" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Undeb Sofietaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уэльс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen – дани" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sovjetunionen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunion" title="Sowjetunion – герман" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sowjetunion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="герман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yewiya_Sovyetan" title="Yewiya Sovyetan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Yewiya Sovyetan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetski_zw%C4%9Bzk" title="Sowjetski zwězk – доод сорби" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Sowjetski zwězk" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="доод сорби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koisaan_Soviet" title="Koisaan Soviet – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Koisaan Soviet" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%AF%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%AC%DE%93%DE%B0_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A8%DE%80%DE%A7%DE%8B%DE%AA" title="ސޯވިއެޓް އިއްތިހާދު – дивехи" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސޯވިއެޓް އިއްތިހާދު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="дивехи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Ένωση Σοβιετικών Σοσιαλιστικών Δημοκρατιών – грек" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ένωση Σοβιετικών Σοσιαλιστικών Δημοκρατιών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union – англи" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Soviet Union" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovetunio" title="Sovetunio – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sovetunio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Unión Soviética – испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unión Soviética" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B5ukogude_Liit" title="Nõukogude Liit – эстони" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nõukogude Liit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna" title="Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuna – баск" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Unión Soviética – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Unión Soviética" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="اتحاد جماهیر شوروی – перс" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتحاد جماهیر شوروی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="перс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuvostoliitto" title="Neuvostoliitto – фин" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neuvostoliitto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B5vvokogoliit" title="Nõvvokogoliit – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Nõvvokogoliit" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetsamveldi%C3%B0" title="Sovjetsamveldið – фарер" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sovjetsamveldið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques – франц" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франц" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunioon" title="Sowjetunioon – хойд фриз" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sowjetunioon" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="хойд фриз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovietiche" title="Union Sovietiche – фриулан" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Union Sovietiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриулан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjet-Uny" title="Sovjet-Uny – баруун фриз" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sovjet-Uny" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="баруун фриз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tAontas_S%C3%B3iv%C3%A9adach" title="An tAontas Sóivéadach – ирланд" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tAontas Sóivéadach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" title="蘇聯 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="蘇聯" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyon_di_s%C3%A9_r%C3%A9piblik_sosyalis_sovy%C3%A9tik" title="Inyon di sé répiblik sosyalis sovyétik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Inyon di sé répiblik sosyalis sovyétik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_t-Aonadh_Sobhiatach" title="An t-Aonadh Sobhiatach – шотландын гел" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An t-Aonadh Sobhiatach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландын гел" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Unión Soviética – галего" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Unión Soviética" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галего" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A" title="شؤروي – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="شؤروي" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaty_Sovi%C3%A9tiko" title="Joaty Soviétiko – гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Joaty Soviétiko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B8" title="𐌲𐌲𐌲𐌸 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌲𐌲𐌲𐌸" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%A8" title="સોવિયેત યુનિયન – гужарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સોવિયેત યુનિયન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гужарати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unnaneys_ny_Pobblaghtyn_Soveidjagh_Soshiallagh" title="Unnaneys ny Pobblaghtyn Soveidjagh Soshiallagh – манкс" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Unnaneys ny Pobblaghtyn Soveidjagh Soshiallagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="манкс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarayyar_Sobiyet" title="Tarayyar Sobiyet – хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tarayyar Sobiyet" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BB-li%C3%A8n" title="Sû-lièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sû-lièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA" title="ברית המועצות – еврей" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברית המועצות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="еврей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98" title="सोवियत संघ – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सोवियत संघ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Soviet Union" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetski_Savez" title="Sovjetski Savez – хорват" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sovjetski Savez" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetski_zwjazk" title="Sowjetski zwjazk – дээд сорби" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sowjetski zwjazk" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="дээд сорби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyon_repiblik_sosyalis_sovyetik" title="Inyon repiblik sosyalis sovyetik – Гаитийн креол" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Inyon repiblik sosyalis sovyetik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Гаитийн креол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szovjetuni%C3%B3" title="Szovjetunió – мажар" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szovjetunió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="мажар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետությունների Միություն – армен" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետությունների Միություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армен" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Խորհրդային Միութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Խորհրդային Միութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovietic" title="Union Sovietic – интерлингво" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Union Sovietic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингво" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet – индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uni Soviet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet-Union" title="Soviet-Union – нэгдмэл хэл" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Soviet-Union" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="нэгдмэл хэл" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suviatam_Nunaa" title="Suviatam Nunaa – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Suviatam Nunaa" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappon_ti_Sobiet" title="Kappon ti Sobiet – илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kappon ti Sobiet" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Советий Социализма Республикай Союз – ингуш" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Советий Социализма Республикай Союз" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингуш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet-Uniono" title="Soviet-Uniono – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Soviet-Uniono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sov%C3%A9tr%C3%ADkin" title="Sovétríkin – исланд" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sovétríkin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unione_Sovietica" title="Unione Sovietica – итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Unione Sovietica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%93%E3%82%A8%E3%83%88%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6" title="ソビエト連邦 – япон" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソビエト連邦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suoviet_Yuunian" title="Suoviet Yuunian – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Suoviet Yuunian" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sofygu%27e" title="sofygu'e – ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sofygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Sovy%C3%A8t" title="Uni Sovyèt – ява" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Uni Sovyèt" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ява" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკების კავშირი – гүрж" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკების კავშირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="гүрж" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadukli_n_Tegdudiwin_Tinemlayin_Tisuvyitiyin" title="Tadukli n Tegdudiwin Tinemlayin Tisuvyitiyin – кабиле" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tadukli n Tegdudiwin Tinemlayin Tisuvyitiyin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабиле" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%97%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Республикэ Совет Социал Зэгуэтхэр – кабардин" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Республикэ Совет Социал Зэгуэтхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="кабардин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muna%CC%B1pyia%CC%B1_Soviyet" title="Muna̱pyia̱ Soviyet – тяп" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Muna̱pyia̱ Soviyet" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="тяп" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Кеңестік Социалистік Республикалар Одағы – казах" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кеңестік Социалистік Республикалар Одағы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казах" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%8F" title="សហភាពសូវៀត – кхмер" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សហភាពសូវៀត" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9F" title="ಸೊವಿಯೆಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೊವಿಯೆಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A0%A8" title="소련 – солонгос" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소련" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="солонгос" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D1%83" title="Совет Социалист Республикаланы Союзу – карачай-балкар" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Совет Социалист Республикаланы Союзу" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="карачай-балкар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%90%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%90%D8%AA%D9%90%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82" title="صؤوِت اِتِفاق – кашмир" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="صؤوِت اِتِفاق" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмир" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yek%C3%AEtiya_Komar%C3%AAn_Sovyet_%C3%AAn_Sosyal%C3%AEst" title="Yekîtiya Komarên Sovyet ên Sosyalîst – курд" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Yekîtiya Komarên Sovyet ên Sosyalîst" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%A7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%A7%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%A7%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Сӧветскӧй Социалистическӧй Республикаяслӧн Союз – коми" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Сӧветскӧй Социалистическӧй Республикаяслӧн Союз" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="коми" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/URSS" title="URSS – корн" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="URSS" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корн" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Кеңештер Бирлиги – киргиз" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кеңештер Бирлиги" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргиз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unio_Rerum_Publicarum_Sovieticarum_Socialisticarum" title="Unio Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum – латин" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Unio Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovyetika" title="Union Sovyetika – ладин" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Union Sovyetika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunioun" title="Sowjetunioun – люксембург" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sowjetunioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембург" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%80" title="Советрин Социализмдин Республикайрин ГалкӀ – лезги" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Советрин Социализмдин Республикайрин ГалкӀ" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезги" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_de_Republicas_Sosialiste_Soviet" title="Uni de Republicas Sosialiste Soviet – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Uni de Republicas Sosialiste Soviet" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie – лимбург" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sovjet-Unie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбург" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovietica" title="Union Sovietica – Лигури" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Union Sovietica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Лигури" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovietica" title="Union Sovietica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Union Sovietica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="онцлох өгүүлэл"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_di_Republegh_Socialista_Sovietegh" title="Union di Republegh Socialista Sovietegh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Union di Republegh Socialista Sovietegh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94" title="ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ – лаос" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаос" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet%C5%B3_S%C4%85junga" title="Sovietų Sąjunga – литва" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sovietų Sąjunga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padomju_Savien%C4%ABba" title="Padomju Savienība – латви" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Padomju Savienība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латви" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98" title="सोभियत सङ्घ – май" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सोभियत सङ्घ" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="май" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Советонь Соткс – мокша" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Советонь Соткс" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокша" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firaisan%27_ny_Repoblika_S%C3%B4sialista_S%C3%B4vietika" title="Firaisan' ny Repoblika Sôsialista Sôvietika – малагаси" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Firaisan' ny Repoblika Sôsialista Sôvietika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагаси" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A3%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Совет Социализм Республик-влак Ушем – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Совет Социализм Республик-влак Ушем" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hononga_Howete" title="Hononga Howete – маори" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hononga Howete" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маори" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet – минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Uni Soviet" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Советски Сојуз – македон" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Советски Сојуз" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="സോവിയറ്റ് യൂണിയൻ – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സോവിയറ്റ് യൂണിയൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98" title="सोव्हिएत संघ – марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सोव्हिएत संघ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesatuan_Soviet" title="Kesatuan Soviet – малай" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kesatuan Soviet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unjoni_Sovjetika" title="Unjoni Sovjetika – малта" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Unjoni Sovjetika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="малта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ounion_Sobi%C3%A9tica" title="Ounion Sobiética – меранди" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ounion Sobiética" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="меранди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဆိုဗီယက်ပြည်ထောင်စု သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ – бирм" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆိုဗီယက်ပြည်ထောင်စု သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирм" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="شوروی – мазандерани" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شوروی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандерани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aunione_Sovieteca" title="Aunione Sovieteca – неаполитан" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Aunione Sovieteca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неаполитан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunion" title="Sowjetunion – доод герман" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sowjetunion" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="доод герман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetuny" title="Sovjetuny – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Sovjetuny" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98" title="सोभियत सङ्घ – балба" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सोभियत सङ्घ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="балба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie – нидерланд" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sovjet-Unie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen – норвегийн нинорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sovjetunionen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегийн нинорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="онцлох өгүүлэл"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen – норвегийн букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sovjetunionen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегийн букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unnion_Sovi%C3%A9tique" title="Unnion Soviétique – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Unnion Soviétique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_de_las_Republicas_Socialistas_Sovieticas" title="Union de las Republicas Socialistas Sovieticas – окситан" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Union de las Republicas Socialistas Sovieticas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevvostoliitto" title="Nevvostoliitto – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Nevvostoliitto" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A6%C3%A6%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Советон Цæдис – оссетин" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Советон Цæдис" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="оссетин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਯੂਨੀਅਨ – панжаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਯੂਨੀਅਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панжаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovietiko" title="Union Sovietiko – папьяменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Union Sovietiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папьяменто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/URSS" title="URSS – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="URSS" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Soviet Union" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwi%C4%85zek_Socjalistycznych_Republik_Radzieckich" title="Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich – польш" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Union Soviética – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Union Soviética" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سویت یونین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سویت یونین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="شوروي اتحاد – пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شوروي اتحاد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="União Soviética – португал" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="União Soviética" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susyalista_Suwit_Ripuwlikakunap_Hu%C3%B1un" title="Susyalista Suwit Ripuwlikakunap Huñun – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Susyalista Suwit Ripuwlikakunap Huñun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniun_sovietica" title="Uniun sovietica – романш" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Uniun sovietica" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="романш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniunea_Republicilor_Sovietice_Socialiste" title="Uniunea Republicilor Sovietice Socialiste – румын" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uniunea Republicilor Sovietice Socialiste" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Союз Советских Социалистических Республик – орос" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Союз Советских Социалистических Республик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орос" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Союз Совітскых Соціалістічных Републик – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Союз Совітскых Соціалістічных Републик" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%83%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сэбиэскэй Социалистыы Республикалар Сойуустара – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сэбиэскэй Социалистыы Республикалар Сойуустара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B4_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B6%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ – сантали" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="сантали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unione_Sovietica" title="Unione Sovietica – сардин" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Unione Sovietica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unioni_Suvi%C3%A8tica" title="Unioni Suviètica – сицил" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Unioni Suviètica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union – шотланд" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Soviet Union" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سوويت يونين – синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سوويت يونين" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetlihttu" title="Sovjetlihttu – хойд сами" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Sovjetlihttu" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="хойд сами" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetski_Savez" title="Sovjetski Savez – хорватын серб" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sovjetski Savez" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="хорватын серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA" title="සෝවියට් සංගමය – синхала" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෝවියට් සංගමය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Soviet Union" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z" title="Sovietsky zväz – словак" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sovietsky zväz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سوویت یونین – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="سوویت یونین" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetska_zveza" title="Sovjetska zveza – словени" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sovjetska zveza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словени" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetlitto" title="Sovjetlitto – инари сами" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Sovjetlitto" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="инари сами" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midowga_Sofiyet" title="Midowga Sofiyet – сомали" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Midowga Sofiyet" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkimi_Sovjetik" title="Bashkimi Sovjetik – албани" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bashkimi Sovjetik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Совјетски Савез – серб" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Совјетски Савез" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunion" title="Sowjetunion – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Sowjetunion" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Sovi%C3%A9t" title="Uni Soviét – сундан" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Uni Soviét" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen – швед" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sovjetunionen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umoja_wa_Kisovyeti" title="Umoja wa Kisovyeti – свахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Umoja wa Kisovyeti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="свахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojusz_Socjalistycznych_Sowjeckich_Republik" title="Sojusz Socjalistycznych Sowjeckich Republik – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Sojusz Socjalistycznych Sowjeckich Republik" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சோவியத் ஒன்றியம் – тамил" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சோவியத் ஒன்றியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="సోవియట్ యూనియన్ – тэлүгү" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సోవియట్ యూనియన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="тэлүгү" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Иттиҳоди Шуравӣ – тажик" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иттиҳоди Шуравӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="тажик" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95" title="สหภาพโซเวียต – тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สหภาพโซเวียต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unyong_Sobyetiko" title="Unyong Sobyetiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unyong Sobyetiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovet_Sosialist_Respublikon_Ibemon" title="Sovet Sosialist Respublikon Ibemon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Sovet Sosialist Respublikon Ibemon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği – турк" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sovyetler Birliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Совет Социалистик Республикалар Берлеге – татар" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Совет Социалистик Республикалар Берлеге" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0%D0%AD" title="ССРЭ – тува" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="ССРЭ" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тува" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Советской Социалистической Республикаослэн Союззы – удмурт" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Советской Социалистической Республикаослэн Союззы" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="удмурт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8B%DB%90%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%89" title="سوۋېت سوتسىيالىستىك جۇمھۇرىيەتلەر ئىتتىپاقى – уйгур" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سوۋېت سوتسىيالىستىك جۇمھۇرىيەتلەر ئىتتىپاقى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгур" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Союз Радянських Соціалістичних Республік – украин" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Союз Радянських Соціалістичних Республік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="سوویت اتحاد – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سوویت اتحاد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovet_Sotsialistik_Respublikalari_Ittifoqi" title="Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikalari Ittifoqi – узбек" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikalari Ittifoqi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovi%C3%A8tega" title="Union Soviètega – венец" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Union Soviètega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="венец" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevondkundali%C5%BEiden_Socialisti%C5%BEiden_Tazovaldkundoiden_%C3%9Chti%C5%A1tuz" title="Nevondkundaližiden Socialistižiden Tazovaldkundoiden Ühtištuz – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Nevondkundaližiden Socialistižiden Tazovaldkundoiden Ühtištuz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_X%C3%B4" title="Liên Xô – вьетнам" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liên Xô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Sovjet-Unie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovy%C3%A4tabalatam" title="Sovyätabalatam – волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sovyätabalatam" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.R.S.S." title="U.R.S.S. – уоллун" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="U.R.S.S." data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="уоллун" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unyon_Sovyetika" title="Unyon Sovyetika – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Unyon Sovyetika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Yi_Benno" title="Soviet Yi Benno – волоф" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Soviet Yi Benno" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联 – хятад, ву хэл" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="苏联" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="хятад, ву хэл" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoviet_Union" title="Isoviet Union – хоса" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Isoviet Union" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="хоса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3" title="სხუნუეფიშ სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკეფიშ რსხუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სხუნუეფიშ სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკეფიშ რსხუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="סאוועטן פארבאנד – иддиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סאוועטן פארבאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="иддиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cs%E1%BB%8D%CC%80kan_S%C3%B3f%C3%AC%E1%BA%B9%CC%80t%C3%AC" title="Ìsọ̀kan Sófìẹ̀tì – ёруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìsọ̀kan Sófìẹ̀tì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ёруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhlienz" title="Suhlienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Suhlienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联 – хятад" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="苏联" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="хятад" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" title="蘇聯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="蘇聯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%CD%98-li%C3%A2n" title="So͘-liân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="So͘-liân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" title="蘇聯 – кантон" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蘇聯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15180#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Өөр хэлтэй холбосныг засах" class="wbc-editpage">Холбоос засах</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедиа — Чөлөөт нэвтэрхий толь</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="mn" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r729482">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output 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.ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Зөвлөлт Социалист Бүгд Найрамдах Холбоот Улс</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Орос-language text"><span lang="ru">Союз Советских Социалистических Республик</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Орос хэл">Орос</a>)</span> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Орос хэл">Орос хэлээр</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%91%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын албан ёсны нэрс (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">бусад нутгийн хэл дээр</a> харах)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1922–1991</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="center"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Зөвлөлт Холбоот улсын далбаа"><img alt="Зөвлөлт Холбоот улсын далбаа" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсын төрийн далбаа (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Далбаа</a><br />(1955–1991)</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1956%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Зөвлөлт Холбоот улсын Төрийн сүлд (1956–1991)"><img alt="Зөвлөлт Холбоот улсын Төрийн сүлд (1956–1991)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="605" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%81%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсын төрийн сүлд (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Төрийн сүлд</a><br />(1956–1991)</div> </div> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="center"><b>Уриа: </b><span title="Орос-language text"><span lang="ru">Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!</span></span><br />"<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BD!&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Орон бүрийн пролетари нар нэгдэгтүн! (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Орон бүрийн пролетари нар нэгдэгтүн!</a>"</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Төрийн дуулал:</b> <span title="Орос-language text"><span lang="ru">Интернационал</span></span><br />"<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Интернационал (төрийн дуулал)">Интернационал</a>" (1922–1944)<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="239" data-mwtitle="Internationale-ru.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Internationale-ru.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Internationale-ru.ogg/Internationale-ru.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=lzh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="lzh" label="文言 ‪(lzh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=nl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nl" label="Nederlands ‪(nl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=sr-ec&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr-Cyrl" label="српски (ћирилица) ‪(sr-ec)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=zh-cn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-CN" label="中文（中国大陆） ‪(zh-cn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span><span title="Орос-language text"><span lang="ru">Государственный гимн СССР</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />"<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсын Төрийн дуулал (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсын Төрийн дуулал</a>" (1944–1991)<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="82" data-mwtitle="Soviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Soviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Soviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg/Soviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASoviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg&lang=az&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="az" label="azərbaycanca ‪(az)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASoviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASoviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASoviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg&lang=fi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fi" label="suomi ‪(fi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASoviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg&lang=gl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="gl" label="galego ‪(gl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASoviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASoviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASoviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg&lang=nl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nl" label="Nederlands ‪(nl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASoviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASoviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASoviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASoviet_Anthem_Instrumental_1955.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Хүйтэн дайны үеийн ЗХУ"><img alt="Хүйтэн дайны үеийн ЗХУ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Хүйтэн дайн">Хүйтэн дайны</a> үеийн ЗХУ</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Нийслэл<div class="ib-country-largest">ба томоохон хот</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва">Москва</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r707304">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&params=55_45_N_37_37_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°45′N</span> <span class="longitude">37°37′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.750°N 37.617°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.750; 37.617</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Албан ёсны хэл</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Орос хэл">Орос хэл</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="ib-country-lang">Хүлээн зөвшөөрөгдсөн орон нутгийн хэл</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r729770">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Украин хэл">Украин</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Беларусь хэл">Беларусь</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Узбек хэл">Узбек</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Казах хэл">Казах</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B6_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Гүрж хэл">Гүрж</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Азербайжан хэл">Азербайжан</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Литва хэл">Литва</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Молдав хэл (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Молдав</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Латви хэл">Латви</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Киргиз хэл">Киргиз</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Тажик хэл">Тажик</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Армени хэл">Армени</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Туркмен хэл">Туркмен</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Эстони хэл">Эстони</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ястан">Угсаатны бүлгүүд</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (1989)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">44.8% <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Оросууд">Оросууд</a> <br /> 23.7% <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Казахууд">Казахууд</a> <br /> 4.2% <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Украинчууд">Украинчууд‎</a> <br /> 2.8% <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%87%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B4" title="Узбекчүүд">Узбекчүүд</a><br /> 1.5% <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B4" title="Туркменчүүд">Туркменчүүд</a><br /> 25% бусад</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Шашин <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D2%AF%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шашингүй улс (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Шашингүй улс</a> (<i>де-юре</i>)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Төрийн атеизм (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Төрийн атеизм</a> (<i>де-факто</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Ард түмний нэр">Ард түмний нэршил</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлтийн ард түмэн (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Зөвлөлтүүд</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Төр засаг</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Мөн үзэх: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсын Засгийн газар (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсын Засгийн газар</a></i> <hr /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r729964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Холбооны улс">Холбооны</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нэг намын систем (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">нэг-намын</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Социалист улс (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">социалист бүгд найрамдах улс</a><br />(1922–1924)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сталинизм (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Сталинист</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тоталитаризм">тоталитар дарангуйлал</a> дор холбооны <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%E2%80%93%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Марксист–Ленинист (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Марксист–Ленинист</a> нэг-намын социалист бүгд найрамдах улс<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(1924–1927)</li> <li>Холбооны Марксист–Ленинист нэг-намын <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Директорийн систем (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">директорийн</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Парламент (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">парламентын</a> социалист бүгд найрамдах улс<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(1953–1990)</li> <li>Холимог <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Холимог засаглалын систем">хагас-ерөнхийлөгчийн бүгд найрамдах улс</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(1990–1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын удирдагчдын жагсаалт (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Удирдагч</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r729482"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1922–1924 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Владимир Ленин">Владимир Ленин</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1924–1953 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Иосиф Сталин">Иосиф Сталин</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1953<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Георгий Маленков">Георгий Маленков</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1953–1964 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%89%D1%91%D0%B2" title="Никита Хрущёв">Никита Хрущёв</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1964–1982 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Леонид Брежнев">Леонид Брежнев</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1982–1984 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Юрий Андропов">Юрий Андропов</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1984–1985 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Константин Черненко">Константин Черненко</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1985–1991 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%91%D0%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Михаил Горбачёв">Михаил Горбачёв</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын төрийн тэргүүний жагсаалт (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Төрийн тэргүүн</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r729482"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1922–1946 (анхны) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Михаил Калинин (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Михаил Калинин</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1988–1991 (сүүлийн) </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Михаил Горбачёв</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын засгийн газрын тэргүүн (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Засгийн газрын тэргүүн</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r729482"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1922–1924 (анхны) </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Владимир Ленин</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1991 (сүүлийн) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Иван Силаев (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Иван Силаев</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Хууль тогтоох байгууллага</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсын Зөвлөлтийн их хурал (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Зөвлөлтийн их хурал</a><br />(1922–1936)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B4_%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсын Дээд Зөвлөл (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Дээд Зөвлөл</a><br />(1936–1991)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дээд танхим (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Дээд танхим</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Үндэстнүүдийн Зөвлөл (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Үндэстнүүдийн Зөвлөл</a><br />(1936–1991)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бүгд Найрамдах Улсуудын Зөвлөл (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Бүгд Найрамдах Улсуудын Зөвлөл</a><br />(1991)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Доод танхим (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Доод танхим</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Холбооны Зөвлөл (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Холбооны Зөвлөл</a><br />(1936–1991)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Түүхэн эрин</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r729770"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85_%D2%AF%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дайны хоорондох үе (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Дайны хоорондох үе</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайн">Дэлхийн 2-р дайн</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Хүйтэн дайн">Хүйтэн дайн</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r729482"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Октябрийн хувьсгал">Октябрийн хувьсгал</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 сарын 7, 1917 он</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B3_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлт Социалист Бүгд Найрамдах Холбоот Улсыг байгуулах гэрээ (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Байгуулах гэрээ</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 сарын 30, 1922 он</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Оросын иргэний дайн">Иргэний дайны</a> дуусгавар</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 сарын 16, 1923 он</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=1924_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1924 оны Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсын Үндсэн хууль (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Анхдугаар Үндсэн хууль</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 сарын 31, 1924 он</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936 оны Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсын Үндсэн хууль (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">2-р Үндсэн хууль</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 сарын 5, 1936 он</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын цэргийн түрэмгийлэл (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Баруун зүг рүү чиглэсэн тэлэлт</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1939–1940</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82_(%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD)" title="Дорнод фронт (Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайн)">Аугаа их эх орны дайн</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1941–1945</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Нэгдсэн Үндэстний Байгууллага">НҮБ-ыг</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Нэгдсэн Үндэстний Байгууллагын дүрэм">үүсгэн байгуулав</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 сарын 24, 1945 он</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Десталинжуулалт (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Десталинжуулалт</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 сарын 25, 1956 он</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=1977_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1977 оны Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсын Үндсэн хууль (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Сүүлийн үндсэн хууль</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 сарын 9, 1977 он</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлт Социалист Бүгд Найрамдах Литва Улс (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Литвын</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B3_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Литва улсыг дахин байгуулах тухай хууль (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">салан тусгаарлалт</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">3 сарын 11, 1990 он</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_1991_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Зөвлөлтийн 1991 оны төрийн эргэлт хийх оролдлого">8-р сарын төрийн эргэлт</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1991 оны 8 сарын 19–22</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Беловежийн тохиролцоо (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Беловежийн тохиролцоо</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 сарын 8, 1991 он<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="ЗХУ-ын задрал">Задрал</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 сарын 26, 1991 он<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Газар нутаг</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Нийт</div></th><td class="infobox-data">22,402,200 км<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%8D" title="Улс орнуудын газар нутгийн хэмжээ">1</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Усны эзлэх талбай</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,767,198 км<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Усны эзлэх талбай (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">12.3</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Хүн ам</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_(1989)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын хүн амын тооллого (1989) (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">1989</a> тооллого</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Neutral increase"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></span></span> 286,730,819<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Улс орнуудын хүн амын тоо">3</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Нягтаршил</div></th><td class="infobox-data">12.7/км<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%82_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%85%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Дотоодын нийт бүтээгдэхүүн">ДНБ</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r738005">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Худалдан авах чадварын паритет (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">ХАЧП</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1990 тооцоо</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Нийт</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$2.7 их наяд<sup id="cite_ref-theodora.com_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theodora.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82_(%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%82_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%85%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%8D%D1%80)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Улс орнуудын жагсаалт (Худалдан авах чадвараар тэгшитгэгдсэн Дотоодын нийт бүтээгдэхүүнээр) (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">2</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Нэг хүнд ноогдох</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$9,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%82_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%85%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Дотоодын нийт бүтээгдэхүүн">ДНБ</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r738005"><span class="nobold">(нэрлэсэн)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1990 тооцоо</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Нийт</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$2.7 их наяд<sup id="cite_ref-theodora.com_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theodora.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82_(%D0%9D%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%82_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%85%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%8D%D1%80)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Улс орнуудын жагсаалт (Нэрлэсэн Дотоодын нийт бүтээгдэхүүнээр) (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">2</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Нэг хүнд ноогдох</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$9,000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82_(%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D1%85%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85_%D0%9D%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%82_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%85%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%8D%D1%80)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Улс орнуудын жагсаалт (Нэг хүнд оногдох Нэрлэсэн Дотоодын нийт бүтээгдэхүүнээр) (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">28</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%88_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%86%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80" title="Орлогын тэгш бус байдлын илтгэлцүүр">ОТББИ</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r738005"><span class="nobold">(1989)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0.275<br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:forestgreen">бага</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%86%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80" title="Хүний хөгжлийн илтгэцүүр">ХХИ</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r738005"><span class="nobold">(1990 оны томьёо)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0.920<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgreen">маш өндөр</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Мөнгөний нэгж</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлтийн рубль (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Зөвлөлтийн рубль</a> (Rbl) (SUR)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Цагийн бүс</th><td class="infobox-data">(<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Координатжуулсан дэлхийн цаг">UTC</a>+2 - +12)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B3%D3%A9%D3%A9%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зүүн ба баруун гар талын хөдөлгөөн (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Жолооны тал</a></th><td class="infobox-data">баруун</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Улсын утасны кодуудын жагсаалт">Утасны томьёо</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">ISO 3166 код</a></th><td class="infobox-data">SU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Интернетийн улсын домэйнуудын жагсаалт">Домэйн нэр</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.su&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".su (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">.su</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Өмнө нь</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Дараа нь</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Зөвлөлт Социалист Бүгд Найрамдах Холбоот Орос Улс"><b>1922:</b><br />ЗСБНХ Орос Улс</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281919-1929%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281919-1929%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281919-1929%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281919-1929%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281919-1929%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281919-1929%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="960" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлт Социалист Бүгд Найрамдах Украин Улс (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">ЗСБН Украин Улс</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281919%E2%80%931927%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281919%E2%80%931927%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281919%E2%80%931927%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281919%E2%80%931927%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281919%E2%80%931927%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281919%E2%80%931927%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="150" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлт Социалист Бүгд Найрамдах Беларусь Улс (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">ЗСБН Беларусь Улс</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_SFSR_%28variant%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_SFSR_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_SFSR_%28variant%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_SFSR_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_SFSR_%28variant%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_SFSR_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлт Социалист Бүгд Найрамдах Холбоот Транскавказ Улс (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">ЗСБНХ Транскавказ Улс</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Приамурийн түр засгийн газар (ийм хуудас байхгүй)"><b>1923:</b><br />Приамурийн түр засгийн газар</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_the_Bukharan_People%27s_Soviet_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Bukharan_People%27s_Soviet_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_the_Bukharan_People%27s_Soviet_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Bukharan_People%27s_Soviet_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_the_Bukharan_People%27s_Soviet_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Bukharan_People%27s_Soviet_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бүгд Найрамдах Бухар Ард Улс (ийм хуудас байхгүй)"><b>1924:</b><br />БНБухарАУ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_Khiva_1920-1923.svg/20px-Flag_of_Khiva_1920-1923.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_Khiva_1920-1923.svg/30px-Flag_of_Khiva_1920-1923.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_Khiva_1920-1923.svg/40px-Flag_of_Khiva_1920-1923.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бүгд Найрамдах Хорезм Ард Улс (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">БНХорезмАУ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81_(1918%E2%80%941939)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бүгд Найрамдах Польш Улс (1918—1939) (ийм хуудас байхгүй)"><b>1939:</b><br />Польш (хэсэг)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Финланд"><b>1940:</b><br />Финланд (хэсэг)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Румыны Хаант Улс (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Румын (хэсэг)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони">Эстони</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Латви">Латви</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281918%E2%80%931940%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281918%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281918%E2%80%931940%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281918%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281918%E2%80%931940%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281918%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва">Литва</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_the_Tuvan_People%27s_Republic_%281943-1944%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Tuvan_People%27s_Republic_%281943-1944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_the_Tuvan_People%27s_Republic_%281943-1944%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Tuvan_People%27s_Republic_%281943-1944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_the_Tuvan_People%27s_Republic_%281943-1944%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Tuvan_People%27s_Republic_%281943-1944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="390" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Бүгд Найрамдах Тува Ард Улс"><b>1944:</b><br />Тува</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нацист Герман"><b>1945:</b><br />Герман (хэсэг)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Японы эзэнт гүрэн">Япон (хэсэг)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гуравдугаар Бүгд Найрамдах Чехословак Улс (ийм хуудас байхгүй)"><b>1946:</b><br />Чехословак (хэсэг)</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва"><b>1990:</b><br />Литва</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B6" title="Гүрж"><b>1991:</b><br />Гүрж</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони">Эстони</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Латви">Латви</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Украин">Украин</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Ukraine_%28Soviet_shades%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%28Soviet_shades%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Ukraine_%28Soviet_shades%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%28Soviet_shades%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Ukraine_%28Soviet_shades%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%28Soviet_shades%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Молдав">Молдав</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/20px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/40px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Киргиз">Киргиз</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Узбекистан">Узбекистан</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тажикистан">Тажикистан</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Tajikistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%2C_variant%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Tajikistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%2C_variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Tajikistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%2C_variant%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tajikistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%2C_variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Tajikistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%2C_variant%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tajikistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%2C_variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Армени">Армени</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Азербайжан">Азербайжан</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан">Туркменистан</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281973%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Turkmenistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281973%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Turkmenistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281973%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Turkmenistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281973%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Turkmenistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281973%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Turkmenistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281973%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Turkmenistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь">Беларусь</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85_(1991%E2%80%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE_%D2%AF%D0%B5)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Оросын түүх (1991–одоо үе) (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Орос</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан">Казахстан</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r729770"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r779550">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;">Зөвлөлтийн удирдагчид</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Владимир Ленин">Ленин</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Иосиф Сталин">Сталин</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Георгий Маленков">Маленков</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%89%D1%91%D0%B2" title="Никита Хрущёв">Хрущёв</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Леонид Брежнев">Брежнев</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Юрий Андропов">Андропов</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Константин Черненко">Черненко</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%91%D0%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Михаил Горбачёв">Горбачёв</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын удирдагчдын жагсаалт (ийм хуудас байхгүй)"><i>Тройкагийн</i> жагсаалт</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;">Холбоотой сэдвүүд</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%91%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын соёл (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Соёл</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын эдийн засаг (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Эдийн засаг</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ дахь боловсрол (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Боловсрол</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын газарзүй (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Газарзүй</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын түүх (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Түүх</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын удирдагчдын жагсаалт (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Удирдлага</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын улс төр (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Улс төр</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлтийн эзэнт гүрэн (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Зөвлөлтийн эзэнт гүрэн</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85" title="Оросын түүх">Орос</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын бүгд найрамдах улсууд (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Зөвлөлтийн БНУ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зөвлөлтийн дараах улс (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Зөвлөлтийн дараах улс</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r729770"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r729540">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-үзэх"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80:%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85" title="Загвар:ЗХУ-ын түүх"><abbr title="Энэ загварыг үзэх">ү</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-хэлэлцэх"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%86%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3:%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Загварын хэлэлцүүлэг:ЗХУ-ын түүх (ийм хуудас байхгүй)"><abbr title="Энэ загварыг хэлэлцэх">х</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-засварлах"><a class="external text" href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80:%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85&action=edit"><abbr title="Энэ загварыг засварлах">з</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Зөвлөлт Социалист Бүгд Найрамдах Холбоот Улс</b> нь (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Орос хэл">Орос хэл</a>: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик, СССР) буюу <b>Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Орос хэл">Орос хэл</a>: Советский Союз) нь <a href="/wiki/1922" class="mw-redirect" title="1922">1922</a>-с <a href="/wiki/1991" class="mw-redirect" title="1991">1991</a> он хүртэл <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Еврази">Евразид</a> оршин тогтносон <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Социализм">социалист орон</a> байжээ. </p><p>Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс нь 15 Бүгд Найрамдах Улс болон хэд хэдэн автономит улс, хязгааруудаас бүрдсэн холбооны улс байсан. Энэ холбооны улс нь <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дэлхий">дэлхийн</a> хуурай газрын зургааны нэгийг хамарсан газар нутагтай бөгөөд 255 сая хүн амтай их гүрэн байлаа. ЗХУ нь коммунист үзэл сурталтай дэлхийн социалист лагерийн тэргүүлэгч, цэрэг улс төрийн <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8D" title="Варшавын гэрээ">Варшавын гэрээ</a>, Эдийн засгийн харилцан туслах Зөвлөл /СЭВ/-ийн орнуудын гол тэргүүлэх хүчин байсан юм. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Түүх"><span id=".D0.A2.D2.AF.D2.AF.D1.85"></span>Түүх</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Түүх" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Түүх"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Бүрэлдэн_тогтсон_нь"><span id=".D0.91.D2.AF.D1.80.D1.8D.D0.BB.D0.B4.D1.8D.D0.BD_.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.B3.D1.82.D1.81.D0.BE.D0.BD_.D0.BD.D1.8C"></span>Бүрэлдэн тогтсон нь</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Бүрэлдэн тогтсон нь" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Бүрэлдэн тогтсон нь"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Эртний түүхийг <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Оросын Хаант Улс">Оросын Хаант Улс</a> өгүүллээс харна уу</i>.</dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r729770"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r779550"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r729770"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 21em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85" title="Оросын түүх">Оросын түүх</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.png/100px-Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.png/150px-Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.png/200px-Middle_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="font-size:smaller;"> <div class="hlist"> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оросын хаан">Удирдагчид</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Царь">Цол хэргэм</a> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;">Эрт үе</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85#Эрт_үе" title="Оросын түүх">Эртний үе</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000"></span></span></div></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;">Эртний Русь</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Киевийн Русь">Киевийн Русь</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000">882-1240</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Черниговын Вант Улс">Черниговын Вант Улс</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000">988-1402</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Владимир-Суздалийн Вант Улс">Владимир-Суздалийн Вант Улс</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000">1125-1389</span></span></div></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;">Монголын ноёрхолын үе</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%87%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Монголчуудын Русь руу хийсэн довтолгоо">Монголчуудын Русь руу хийсэн довтолгоо</a><div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000">1237-1242</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%98%D1%85_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Москвагийн Их Вант Улс">Москвагийн Их Вант Улс</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000">1263-1547</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Владимир-Суздалийн Вант Улс">Владимир-Суздалийн Вант Улс</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000">1125-1389</span></span></div></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;">Эзэнт гүрний үе</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Оросын Царьт Улс">Оросын Царьт Улс</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000">1547-1721</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Оросын Хаант Улс">Оросын Хаант Улс</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000">1721-1917</span></span></div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%98%D1%85_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Финландын Их Вант Улс">Финландын Их Вант Улс</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000">1809-1917</span></span></div></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;">Орчин үе</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Бүгд Найрамдах Орос Улс">Бүгд Найрамдах Орос Улс</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000">1917</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Зөвлөлт Орос Улс">Зөвлөлт Орос Улс</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000">1917-1922</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000">1922-1991</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Оросын Холбооны Улс">Оросын Холбооны Улс</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color:#000000">1991-одоо үе</span></span></div></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85" title="Ангилал:Оросын түүх">Түүх</a>*<a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Орос үндэстэн">Орос үндэстэн</a>*<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Кирилл үсэг">Кирилл үсэг</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r729770"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r729540"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-үзэх"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80:%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85" title="Загвар:Оросын түүх"><abbr title="Энэ загварыг үзэх">ү</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-хэлэлцэх"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%86%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3:%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Загварын хэлэлцүүлэг:Оросын түүх (ийм хуудас байхгүй)"><abbr title="Энэ загварыг хэлэлцэх">х</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-засварлах"><a class="external text" href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80:%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85&action=edit"><abbr title="Энэ загварыг засварлах">з</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Октябрийн хувьсгал">Октябрийн хувьсгал</a></i></div></dd> <dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Оросын иргэний дайн">Оросын иргэний дайн</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>ЗСБНХУ нь <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Оросын Хаант Улс">Оросын эзэнт гүрний</a> шууд залгамжлагч болон түүний газар нутгийн дийлэнх хэсэгт оршин тогтносон юм. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Kustodiyev_bolshevik.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Kustodiyev_bolshevik.JPG/200px-Kustodiyev_bolshevik.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Kustodiyev_bolshevik.JPG/300px-Kustodiyev_bolshevik.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Kustodiyev_bolshevik.JPG/400px-Kustodiyev_bolshevik.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>Октябрийн хувьсгал</figcaption></figure> <p>Оросын эзэнт гүрэн нь <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Октябрийн хувьсгал">1917 оны хувьсгал</a>, иргэний дайн, гадаадын интервенцийн нөлөөгөөр газар нутгаасаа 90,000 км² нутаг, 49 сая хүн амаа алджээ. Дайн, өлсгөлөн, тахал зэргээс болон олон сая хүнээ алдсан (185,2 саяаас 136,9 сая). 1917 оны Октябрийн хувьсгалын дараа Оросын эзэн хааныг гэр бүлийн хамт хороож эзэнт гүрний түүх төгссөн ч түүнийг залгамжлан ЗСБНХУ 1922 онд үүсэн тогтсон юм. Эдийн засгийн хувьд 19-р зууны дунд түвшинд очитлоо доройтсон Орос оронг ЗСБНХУ залгамжлан авсан байна. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Зөвлөлт_Социалист_Бүгд_Найрамдах_улсуудын_нэгтгэл"><span id=".D0.97.D3.A9.D0.B2.D0.BB.D3.A9.D0.BB.D1.82_.D0.A1.D0.BE.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82_.D0.91.D2.AF.D0.B3.D0.B4_.D0.9D.D0.B0.D0.B9.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.85_.D1.83.D0.BB.D1.81.D1.83.D1.83.D0.B4.D1.8B.D0.BD_.D0.BD.D1.8D.D0.B3.D1.82.D0.B3.D1.8D.D0.BB"></span>Зөвлөлт Социалист Бүгд Найрамдах улсуудын нэгтгэл</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Зөвлөлт Социалист Бүгд Найрамдах улсуудын нэгтгэл" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Зөвлөлт Социалист Бүгд Найрамдах улсуудын нэгтгэл"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Lenin_1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Lenin_1921.jpg/150px-Lenin_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Lenin_1921.jpg/225px-Lenin_1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Lenin_1921.jpg/300px-Lenin_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>В. И. Ленин</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Stalin_face.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Stalin_face.jpg/150px-Stalin_face.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Stalin_face.jpg/225px-Stalin_face.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Stalin_face.jpg/300px-Stalin_face.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1328" data-file-height="1648" /></a><figcaption>И.В.Сталин</figcaption></figure> <p>Орос, Украйн, Белорусс, Кавказын холбооны улсуудын (хожим 1936 онд Азербайжан, Армен, Гүрж болон салсан) 1922 оны 12 дугаар сард байгуулсан гэрээгээр Орос улс нь Олон үндэстэн ястны бие даасан, зөвлөлүүдийн засаглалтай улсуудын холбоо буюу ЗСБНХУ байгуулагдав. </p><p>Үүний дараагаар: </p> <ul><li>1925 онд Узбекистан, Туркмен</li> <li>1929 онд Таджикистан, 1936 онд Казахстан, Киргиз</li> <li>1940 онд Молдав, Латви, Литва, Эстони улсуудыг ЗСБНХУ нэгтгэжээ.</li> <li>1944 онд Тува нэмж нэгдсэн.</li></ul> <p>ЗХУ байгуулагдсанаасаа хойш ч газар нутгаа тэлэх бодлого баримталсаар ирсэн бөгөөд энэ бодлого нь <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Карафуто">Сахалины өмнөд хагас</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Курилийн арлууд">Курилийн арлууд</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград">Калининград</a> зэрэг газруудыг нэгтгэсэнээр илэрч байлаа. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Сталины_дэглэм"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D0.B4.D1.8D.D0.B3.D0.BB.D1.8D.D0.BC"></span>Сталины дэглэм</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Сталины дэглэм" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Сталины дэглэм"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%85_%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82_(%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Их Хэлмэгдүүлэлт (Орос) (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Их Хэлмэгдүүлэлт (Орос)</a></i></div></dd> <dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хамтралжуулалт (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Хамтралжуулалт</a></i></div></dd> <dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B6_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B6%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аж үйлдвэржүүлсэн нь (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Аж үйлдвэржүүлсэн нь</a></i></div></dd> <dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайн">Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайн</a></i></div></dd> <dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%8D%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Аугаа их эх орны дайн">Аугаа их эх орны дайн</a></i></div></dd> <dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Манжуурт хийсэн Зөвлөлтийн цэргийн ажиллагаа">Манжуурт хийсэн Зөвлөлтийн цэргийн ажиллагаа</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Владимир Ильич Ленин">Владимир Ильич Ленин</a> 1924 онд нас барсны дараа Засгийн эрхийн төлөө тэмцэл хурцдан <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Иосиф Сталин">Сталины</a> ганцаар дарангуйлах дэглэм тогтож Улсын эрх мэдэл нэг хүний гарт төвлөрчээ. Энэ үед хэрэгжиж эхэлсэн <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Зөвлөлтийн Шинэ эдийн засгийн бодлого">зөвлөлтийн Шинэ эдийн засгийн бодлого</a> самуурч хүнд үйлдвэржилт, хүчээр хамтралжуулах үйл явцаар солигдов. Төрийн бүтэц, үүргийг коммунист нам дангаар гүйцэтгэж нэг намын, нэг хүний удирдлага ноёрхсон байна. Бүх орон даяар хэт төвлөрсөн удирдлагатай цэргийн (Дотоод яамны) хяналтат систем тогтов. 1934 оноос улс төрийн хэлмэгдүүлэлт эхэлснээр мянга мянган авьяаслаг сэхээтнүүд, цэргийн жанжин, улс төр, урлаг соёлын зүтгэлтнүүд хилсээр гүтгэгдэн цаазлуулж бөөнөөр хорих хөдөлмөрийн лагер <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гулаг (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">гулаг</a> руу зуу зуун мянгаараа илгээгдэж нийгмийн бүх давхарга айдаст автан социалист үзэл санаа, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Коммунизм">коммунизмын</a> гэрэлт ирээдүйд итгэх итгэл алдарч эхлэв. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Ethnic_map_USSR_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ethnic_map_USSR_1941.jpg/220px-Ethnic_map_USSR_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ethnic_map_USSR_1941.jpg/330px-Ethnic_map_USSR_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ethnic_map_USSR_1941.jpg/440px-Ethnic_map_USSR_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3560" data-file-height="2194" /></a><figcaption>ЗХУ-ын үндэстнүүд</figcaption></figure> <p>1941 онд <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Фашизм">Фашистын</a> Герман дайн зарлаагүй довтолж Зөвлөлтийн "Эх Орны Дайн" эхэлсэн билээ. Дайны үед Сталин үндэсний цөөнх болох <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Татар">Татар</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Халимаг">Халимаг</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Немц (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Немц</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Турк">Турк</a>үүдийг газар нутгаас нь хүчээр нүүлгэн цөллөж байлаа. <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайн">Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайнд</a> 1945 онд ялалт байгуулснаар ЗХУ олон улсын тавцанд нэр хүнд олсон боловч коммунист үзэл суртлыг хүчээр экспортлон ардчиллыг нухчин дарж (1956 онд <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Унгар">Унгарт</a>, 1968 онд <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Чехословак">Чехословакт</a> цэргээ оруулсан) байсан ба өөрийн орондоо ч олон ургалч үзэл, ил тод байдлыг хаан боогдуулж "эмч нарын, ленинградын хэрэг" зэрэг улс төрийн зохиомол хэргүүд үүсгэн тэргүүний сэхээтнүүдээ хэлмэгдүүлэн дарж байв. Энэ дайнд ЗХУ 25 сая орчим хүн, үндэснийхээ баялгийн 28,7%-г алдаж 1172,3 тэрбум доллар зарцуулжээ. Дайны дараа <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Үйлдвэрлэл">үйлдвэрлэл</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B4_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%86" title="Дэд бүтэц">дэд бүтцээ</a> сэргээх, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D0%B4%D3%A9%D3%A9_%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B9" title="Хөдөө аж ахуй">хөдөө аж ахуйг</a> хөгжүүлэхэд ялангуяа ЗХУ-ын европын хэсэгт маш их хөрөнгө оруулалт хийх шаардлага гарсан. Гэвч <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Адольф Хитлер">Адольф Хитлерийн</a> эсрэг дайнд холбоотон байсан орнууд эдийн засгийн хувьд ЗХУ-г ганцаардуулж улс төр, үзэл суртлын хувьд сөрөн зогсох болжээ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Сталины_дараах_ЗХУ"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B0.D1.85_.D0.97.D0.A5.D0.A3"></span>Сталины дараах ЗХУ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Сталины дараах ЗХУ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Сталины дараах ЗХУ"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Soviet-R-12-nuclear-ballistic_missile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Soviet-R-12-nuclear-ballistic_missile.jpg/220px-Soviet-R-12-nuclear-ballistic_missile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Soviet-R-12-nuclear-ballistic_missile.jpg/330px-Soviet-R-12-nuclear-ballistic_missile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Soviet-R-12-nuclear-ballistic_missile.jpg/440px-Soviet-R-12-nuclear-ballistic_missile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="947" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Улаан талбай. Цэргийн парад. баллистик Р-12 пуужин. 1950-д он.</figcaption></figure> <p>1953 оны 3-р сарын 5-нд ЗХУ-ын "Их удирдагч" Иосиф Сталин нас барж 1956 онд <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-н Коммунист Нам (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">ЗХУ-н Коммунист Намын</a> алдарт 20-р их хурал дээр Зөвлөлтийн шинэ удирдагч <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%89%D1%91%D0%B2" title="Никита Хрущёв">Никита Хрущёв</a> нэг хүнийг тахин шүтэхийн хор холбогдлыг илчлэн хурц илтгэл тавьж "Хрущёвын дулаарлыг" эхлүүлжээ. Хрущёв засгийн эрхэнд байх үедээ хэлмэгдүүлэлтийг зогсоон улс ардын аж ахуйн хөгжлийг эрчимжүүлж, иргэдийн орон сууцны нөхцлийг сайжруулан, хөнгөн үйлдвэрийг хөгжүүлснээр улс орны эдийн засаг, ард түмний аж байдал мэдэгдэхүйц дээшилж ирлээ. Оюуны болон материалын нөөцийг зөв зохистой залснаар олон амжилтанд хүрч харьцангуй "Дулаарлын үе" эхлэв. </p><p>Тоочвол, </p> <ul><li>1954 - анхны <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Атомын цахилгаан станц">атомын цахилгаан станц</a></li> <li>1957 - анхны <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Хиймэл дагуул">хиймэл дагуул</a> хөөргөв</li> <li>1961 - <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Юрий Гагарин">сансарт анх хүн ниссэн</a> зэрэг байна.</li></ul> <p>Үүний зэрэгцээ олон улсын харилцаанд ч нааштай дулаан уур амьсгал бий болж 1963 онд <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Цөмийн зэвсэг">цөмийн зэвсгийг</a> хязгаарлах гэрээ байгуулагдаж байв. Гэвч намын удирдлага дахь хуучинсаг (консерватив) хүчин Хрущевыг улс төрийн тавцангаас зайлуулан коммунист дарангуйллын системээ дахин тогтоож чадсанаар социализм "сонгодог" маягаар оршин тогтносон юм. /Энд хүний шууд хувийн чанартай дүгнэлт байж болохгүй боловуу/ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Улс_төрийн_хувьд"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.BB.D1.81_.D1.82.D3.A9.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B9.D0.BD_.D1.85.D1.83.D0.B2.D1.8C.D0.B4"></span>Улс төрийн хувьд</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Улс төрийн хувьд" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Улс төрийн хувьд"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Большевик">Большевик</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Нэг нам (Л.Брежнев, түүнийг тойрон хүрээлэгчид) төрийн эрхэнд гарч нийтийн тусын тулд нэртэй ч нэг хэсэг бүлэг хүмүүсийн тусын тулд ард түмэн хөдөлмөрлөж байв. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Ардчилал">Ардчилал</a> хэлбэр төдий байснаас агуулга нь <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тоталитар (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">тоталитар</a> дэглэм байлаа. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Үзэл_суртлын_дайн_буюу_хүйтэн_дайн"><span id=".D2.AE.D0.B7.D1.8D.D0.BB_.D1.81.D1.83.D1.80.D1.82.D0.BB.D1.8B.D0.BD_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B9.D0.BD_.D0.B1.D1.83.D1.8E.D1.83_.D1.85.D2.AF.D0.B9.D1.82.D1.8D.D0.BD_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B9.D0.BD"></span>Үзэл суртлын дайн буюу хүйтэн дайн</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Үзэл суртлын дайн буюу хүйтэн дайн" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Үзэл суртлын дайн буюу хүйтэн дайн"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Хүйтэн дайн">Хүйтэн дайн</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Gagarin_in_Sweden-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gagarin_in_Sweden-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="156" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Юрий Гагарин">Юрий Гагарин</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Дэлхий нийтээс хаалттай, зохиомол <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Социализм">социализм</a> барьж улмаар <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Коммунизм">коммунизмыг</a> бүтээн байгуулах үзэл сурталд баригдсан, олон ургалч үзэл, ил тод байдал хориотой байлаа. 20-р зуунд өрнөсөн дайны гол шалтгаан нь үзэл суртлаас ихээхэн хамаарсан байдаг. Нацист Германы хүчирхэг армийг ЗХУ/СССР холбоотнуудын хамт бут ниргэн ялсан нь тэдний нэр хүндийг маш их өсгөж дэлхийд гол тоглогчийн нэг нь ЗХУ/СССР болсон байв. <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайн">Дэлхийн II-р дайн</a> дууссаны дараагаар дэлхий үндсэндээ 2 лагерьт хуваагдаж энэ хоёр үзэл суртлын аль нь зөв болохыг батлах гэсэн үйлдлийг АНУ, СССР/ЗХУ хийж байсан юм. Жишээлбэл Юрий Гагарин сансарт анх нисэхэд нийт Америкчууд ЗХУ-аас ихэд эмээж байсан гэдэг яагаад гэвэл дэлхийд хамгийн анх коммунист хүн сансарт ниссэн учраас тэд энэ удаад АНУ тэднээс илүү гэдгээ баталж чадсангүй. 1950-иад оны үед ЗХУ нь эдийн засаг, улс төр, шинжлэх, боловсрол, цэрэг арми зэргээрээ АНУ-аас хол давуу илүү байсан юм. Дэлхий нийтээр Коммунист засаг бүрэлдэж эхлэх суурь тавигдаж эхэлсэн гэж үздэг. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Цөмийн_дайны_хямрал"><span id=".D0.A6.D3.A9.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.B9.D0.BD_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B9.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D1.85.D1.8F.D0.BC.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BB"></span>Цөмийн дайны хямрал</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Цөмийн дайны хямрал" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Цөмийн дайны хямрал"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg/230px-Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg/345px-Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg/460px-Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Брежнев ба <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джимми Картер (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Джимми Картер</a> стратегийн зэвсгийг хорогдуулах гэрээнд гарын үсэг зурж байгаа нь, <a href="/wiki/1979" class="mw-redirect" title="1979">1979</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Сталины дэглэмийн дараагаар <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%89%D1%91%D0%B2" title="Никита Хрущёв">Никита Хрущёв</a> Засгийн эрх авснаар улс төрийн байдал харьцангуй тогтворжиж нь энэхүү цаг үе нь ЗХУ/СССР -ын "Дулаарлын алтан үе" байлаа. Сансарт амжилттай нисээд ирсэн Юрий Гагарины сүр хүч ЗХУ-ын эрдэмтээс дэлхий эмээж байв. Тэд цөмийн технологи пуужин зэргээрээ хавь илүү гэдгээрээ сансарт амжилттай ниссэнээрээ баталж харуулав. Зөвлөлтийн шилдэг пуужингийн мэргэжилтэн А.Королёв тив алгассах чадалтай пуужинг 2 жилийн хугацаанд амжилттай бүтээж улмаар АНУ руу харвана хэмээн сүрдүүлж хүчтэй сөргөлдөөн үүсгэж зэвсэгээр өрсөлдөж эхлэв. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Куба">Куба</a> улсад эдийн засгийн байдал тогтворгүй болж хувьсгал болох тохироо бүрдсэн үед АНУ өөрийн элч болох Батиста-г Кубын шинэ баатраар томилох гэсэн боловч <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Фидель Кастро">Фидель Кастро</a> болон Че нар Батистаг түлхэн унагааж Куба улсад Коммунист дэглэм тогтсон байна. Үүнд ичгэвтэр ялагдсан АНУ Турк улсад цөмийн пуужингаа зоож ЗХУ-руу харвана гэж заналхийлэв. Хариуд нь ЗХУ тэдний пуужинг 10 дахин илүү хэмжээний пуужинг АНУ-ын хаяаанд Кубад байрлуулснаар АНУ тохиролцооны ширээнд суухыг ЗХУ-д санал болгов. Жон Кенниди болон Никита Хрушев нарын хэлэлцээр амжилттай дуусч АНУ цэргээ Куба улсаас бүрэн татсан түүхтэй. Төд удалгүй Ерөнхийлөгч Жон Кенниди Даллас хотноо буудуулан нас барсан юм. Түүний дараа хариугаа нэхэж АНУ Вьетнамийн дайнг эхлүүлсэн ч АНУ дахиад л ялагдсан юм. Хүйтэн дайнд ялахад хамгийн гол нөлөө үзүүлсэн хүн нь ерөнхийлэгч Рональд Рейган байсан гэж үздэг. Түүний Берлины ханан дээр тавьсан илтгэл дэлхийн шилдэг илтгэлүүдийн тоонд ордог юм. Тэрээр 1983 онд ЗХУ бол "чөтгөрийн гүрэн" (<b>англ. evil empire</b>) хэмээж байсан юм. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Эдийн_засаг"><span id=".D0.AD.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.B9.D0.BD_.D0.B7.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.B3"></span>Эдийн засаг</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Эдийн засаг" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Эдийн засаг"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:RIAN_archive_878967_AvtoVAZ-_Volga_automaking_plant_in_Togliatti,_the_Samara_Region.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/RIAN_archive_878967_AvtoVAZ-_Volga_automaking_plant_in_Togliatti%2C_the_Samara_Region.jpg/270px-RIAN_archive_878967_AvtoVAZ-_Volga_automaking_plant_in_Togliatti%2C_the_Samara_Region.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/RIAN_archive_878967_AvtoVAZ-_Volga_automaking_plant_in_Togliatti%2C_the_Samara_Region.jpg/405px-RIAN_archive_878967_AvtoVAZ-_Volga_automaking_plant_in_Togliatti%2C_the_Samara_Region.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/RIAN_archive_878967_AvtoVAZ-_Volga_automaking_plant_in_Togliatti%2C_the_Samara_Region.jpg/540px-RIAN_archive_878967_AvtoVAZ-_Volga_automaking_plant_in_Togliatti%2C_the_Samara_Region.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Волгын завод (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Волгын завод</a> (ВАЗ), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Тольятти">Тольятти</a>, 1969 он.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%81%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%B3%D3%A9%D3%A9%D1%82_%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Төвлөрсөн төлөвлөгөөт эдийн засаг (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Төвлөрсөн төлөвлөгөөт эдийн засагтай</a>, 100% улсын өмчид тулгуурласан хөшүүн хойрго хөрвөх чадваргүй захиргаадалтын эдийн засагтай байв. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Сибирь">Сибирийн</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Нефть">нефть</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Байгалийн хий">байгалийн хий</a> экспортлож байснаас олон улсын зах зээлд өрсөлдөх чадвартай үйлдвэрлэл /зэвгэсээс өөр/ хөгжсөнгүй. Өргөн хэрэглээний бараа <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="ДНБ">ДНБ</a>-ий бага хувийг эзэлж байв. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Авлига">Авлигад</a> идэгдсэн, алдар нэр горилогчид эдийн засгийн өндөр өсөлтийн тухай худал мэдээлэл илгээж төр, ард түмнээ хууран мэхэлж байсан байна. Тухайлбал Узбекстаны намын удирдлага жил бүр хөвөнгийн тариалалт нэмэгдсэн гэж мэдээлж, шагнуулж байжээ. Гэтэл сансрын судалгаагаар энэ нь худал болох нь илэрсэн байна. Хаалттай нийгэм, дотоодын хамгаалахын хатуу хяналт нь гадаад орнуудтай шинжлэх ухаан технологийн мэдээлэл солилцох, шинэ ололт, нээлтүүдийг үйлдвэрлэлд нэвтрүүлэх бүх бололцоог хаан боогдуулж байлаа. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Цэрэг_арми"><span id=".D0.A6.D1.8D.D1.80.D1.8D.D0.B3_.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B8"></span>Цэрэг арми</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Цэрэг арми" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Цэрэг арми"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Улаан Урми (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Улаан Урми</a></i></div></dd> <dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8D" title="Варшавын гэрээ">Варшавын гэрээ</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:October_Revolution_celebration_1983.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/October_Revolution_celebration_1983.png/270px-October_Revolution_celebration_1983.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/October_Revolution_celebration_1983.png/405px-October_Revolution_celebration_1983.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/October_Revolution_celebration_1983.png/540px-October_Revolution_celebration_1983.png 2x" data-file-width="2335" data-file-height="1575" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Октябрийн хувьсгал">Октябрийн хувьсгалын</a> 66 жилийн ойн Цэргийн парад. Москва. 1983 он.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Улаан Урми (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Зөвлөлтийн арми</a> нь ЗХУ-ын зэвсэгт хүчний хуурай замын бие бүрэлдхүүнийг нэрлэдэг нэр бөгөөд түүнийг бас <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Улаан Урми (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Улаан Урми</a> гэж нэрлэдэг байв. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Улаан Урми (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Зөвлөлтийн зэвсэгт хүчин</a> нь нь хуурай замын, агаарын цэргийн, тэнгисийн гэсэн үндсэн гурван төрлийн цэрэг бүхий бүрэлдхүүнтэй байсан. Зөвлөлтийн арми нь тухайн үедээ дэлхийн хамгийн хүчирхэг зэвсэгт хүчинд тооцогдож байсан ба/3-4 сая орчим албан хаагч/ <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайн">Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайнд</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Герман">герман</a> ба <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Япон">японыг</a> ялахад гол үүрэг гүйцэтгэсэн юм. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:USSR_MILITARY_RANK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/USSR_MILITARY_RANK.jpg/220px-USSR_MILITARY_RANK.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="612" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/USSR_MILITARY_RANK.jpg/330px-USSR_MILITARY_RANK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/USSR_MILITARY_RANK.jpg/440px-USSR_MILITARY_RANK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="2182" /></a><figcaption>ЗХУ-ын цэргийн цол</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="АНУ">АНУ</a> 1945 онд Японы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Хирошима">Хирошима</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Нагасаки">Нагасаки</a> хотуудад <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атомын бөмбөг (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">атомын бөмбөг</a> хаяснаар дэлхий дээр цэрэг зэвсгийн хүчээр давамгайлах байр суурьтай болж энэ байдлаа 1949 он хүртэл хадгалж байсан юм. ЗХУ 1949 онд атомын, 1954 онд <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%81_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ус төрөгчийн зэвсэг (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">ус төрөгчийн зэвсэг</a> бүтээж туршсанаар дэлхий цэрэг дайны 2 хүчирхэг лагерт хуваагдан "<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Хүйтэн дайн">Хүйтэн дайн</a>" дэлхийд эхлэв. "<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Хүйтэн дайн">Хүйтэн дайн</a>" хэмээх нэр томьёог дөчөөд оны сүүлээр <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="АНУ">АНУ</a>-ын Ерөнхийлөгч <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Харри Трумэн">Харри Трумэны</a> зөвлөх <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бернард Барух (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Бернард Барух</a> анх 1947 онд хэргэлжээ. ЗХУ социализмын ололтыг хамгаалах нэрээр зэвсэглэлээр хөөцөлдөхөд асар их хүч хөрөнгө зарж байлаа. </p><p>1978-1987 онуудад ЗХУ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Байлдааны усан онгоц (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">байлдааны усан онгоцууд</a> олноор барьж АНУ-тай эн зэрэгцсэн ба <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%87_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шумбагч хөлөг (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">шумбагч хөлгийн</a> тоогоор гүйцэж түрүүлсэн байлаа. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗХУ-ын Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн дарга (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">ЗХУ-ын Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн дарга</a> байсан <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Николай Рыжков (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Николай Рыжков</a> (1986-1989 онд) <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8D" title="Варшавын гэрээ">Варшавын гэрээний</a> орнууд болон <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Куба">Куба</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Монгол">Монгол</a> зэрэг улсад цэргийн бааз байгуулахад 60 тэрбум доллар зарцуулж байсан хэмээн мэдэгджээ. </p><p>1979-1989 онуудад 10 жилийн турш ЗХУ <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афганистан">Афганистанд</a> өөрийн эрх ашгаа хамгаалахын тулд явуулсан дайнд жил бүр 2,6 - 5 тэрбум рубль зарж байсан байна. Эдийн засгийн хувьд асар хүчтэй АНУ, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E" title="НАТО">НАТО</a>-н эсрэг цэрэг улс төрийн хувьд сөрөн зогсохын тулд эдийн засгаа цэрэг зэвсгийн үйлдвэрлэлийн цогцолбор байгуулахад чиглүүлж, ард түмнийхээ амьдралын түвшинг улам доройтуулж байлаа. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Нийгмийн_байдал"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B8.D0.B9.D0.B3.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.B9.D0.BD_.D0.B1.D0.B0.D0.B9.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.BB"></span>Нийгмийн байдал</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Нийгмийн байдал" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Нийгмийн байдал"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:RIAN_archive_142949_Lubyanka_Square_in_Moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/RIAN_archive_142949_Lubyanka_Square_in_Moscow.jpg/270px-RIAN_archive_142949_Lubyanka_Square_in_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/RIAN_archive_142949_Lubyanka_Square_in_Moscow.jpg/405px-RIAN_archive_142949_Lubyanka_Square_in_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/RIAN_archive_142949_Lubyanka_Square_in_Moscow.jpg/540px-RIAN_archive_142949_Lubyanka_Square_in_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%93%D0%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="КГБ (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">КГБ</a>-ийн төв байр <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лубяны талбай (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Лубянка</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Milovice_soviet_pupils.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Milovice_soviet_pupils.jpg/220px-Milovice_soviet_pupils.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Milovice_soviet_pupils.jpg/330px-Milovice_soviet_pupils.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Milovice_soviet_pupils.jpg/440px-Milovice_soviet_pupils.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>Сурагчид 1985 он.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ард түмэн бүхэлдээ ядуу байдалтай байв. Шударга хөдөлмөрөөрөө хуримтлал бий болгох эрхгүй, хувийн өмчгүй, бусдаас илүү хангалуун амьдарч болохгүй нэг хэвэнд цутгасан мэт нийтээр ижил түвшинд байж ядуу байдалтайгаа эвлэрэн <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Архи (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">архи</a> хэтрүүлэн хэрэглэцгээж 20-р зууны эхэн үеийн Орос орон шиг болжээ. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Авлига">Авлига</a> газар авч, нам төрийн удирдагчид хууль бус зэвсэг, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Хар тамхи">хар тамхи</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эрдэнэс (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">эрдэнэсийн</a> наймаа эрхлэн ашиг хонжоо олох болов. (Дотоод яамны орлогч сайд байсан Брежневийн хүргэнтэй холбогдсон хэрэг) 1979 онд Афганистанд ЗХУ цэргээ оруулсан нь улс төрийн учир шалтгаанаас гадна асар их хар тамхины наймаатай холбоотой байсан аж. </p><p>ЗХУ-ын задрал Оросын болон гадаадын судлаачид ЗСБНХУ-ын задрал нь зайлшгүй байсан эсэхэд санал зөрөлдөөнтэй байдаг. Зарим судлаачид ЗХУ дотроосоо задрах үндэс байгаагүй гэж үздэг. Үүнийгээ тэд дараах байдлаар тайлбарладаг. </p> <ul><li>ЗСБНХУ эзэнт гүрэн байгаагүй, нэгдмэл нэг улс байсан. Эзэнт гүрэн өөрийн газар нутгаас гадна колони оронтой, колони орны хүн ам эзэн орны хүн амаас эрхийн хувьд хязгаарлагдмал төрийн удирдлагад сонгогддоггүй. Гэтэл Гүрж үндэстэн Сталин нам төрийг удирдан, улс төрийн товчоонд олон бага үндэстэн (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Анастас Микоян">Анастас Микоян</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Гейдар Алиев">Гейдар Алиев</a>) байсан, ЗСБНХУ-ын БНУ-ууд колони байсан гэх баримт, хууль зүйн үндэс байгаагүй.</li> <li>Эдийн засгийн хүндрэл нь улс орныг сулруулж болох ч задралд хүргэхгүй байсан. Ийм эдийн засгийн <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%85_%D1%85%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Их хямрал">Их хямрал</a> 20-оод онд АНУ-д, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%9D%D0%A5%D0%90%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="БНХАУ-ын Соёлын хувьсгал">соёлын хувьсгалын</a> үед Хятадад ч тохиолдож байсан.</li> <li>ЗСБНХУ–ын задрал нь гаднаас, тодорхой хэлбэл АНУ-аас зохиосон ажиллагаа байсан. Үүний тулд хүйтэн дайны үед асар их хөрөнгө зарцуулж мэдээллийн дайн хийж байв. Гуравдагч орны нутагт байрлах <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Радио станц (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">радио станцуудыг</a> санхүүжүүлж зөвлөлтийн үзэл суртал, улс төрийг шүүмжлэн барууны орнуудын хөгжлийг магтан дуулсан нь үр дүнгээ өгсөн байж болох юм. 80-аад оны эхээр <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Роналд Рейган">Роналд Рейганы</a> зөвлөх Макфарлейн боловсруулсан стратегийн хамгаалалтын санаачлага (оддын дайны программ) нь Зөвлөлтийн удирдлагыг төөрөлдүүлэн асар их хөрөнгө үргүй зарцуулуулжээ. Мөн 1980 оны <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Москвагийн Олимп">Москвагийн Олимпын</a> тоглолтод АНУ тэргүүтэй орнууд ЗХУ Афганистанд цэрэг оруулсан хэмээн шалтаглаж хориг тавьсаны дүнд олимпын тоглолтод асар их хөрөнгө хаясан ЗХУ-д том цохилт болов. Оросын болон гадаадын хэвлэлд тэмдэглэснээр ЗСБНХУ-ын задрал гаднаас зохиосон зохиолоор явагдахын зэрэгцээ коммунист тоталитар дэглэм, нам төрийн удирдлагын ялзрал, социалист хөшүүн эдийн засаг өөрөө гол шалтаан болсон гэж үздэг. <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Юрий Андропов">Юрий Андроповын</a> тэргүүлсэн Улсын аюулаас хамгаалах хороо (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%93%D0%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="КГБ (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">КГБ</a>) өөрийн орны эдийн засгийн байдалд дүгнэлт хийж өрнөдийн хөгжлөөс хол хоцорсныг олж харжээ. Брежнев нас барсны дараа Андропов нам төрийн удирдлагад гарч эдийн засаг, улс төрийн шинэчлэл хийхээр эхэлсэн боловч өөрийнх нь эрүүл мэндийн байдал нь түүнд боломж олгоогүй юм. Хуучинсаг үзэлтнүүд ч байр сууриа амар тавьж өгсөнгүй.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Горбачёвын_шинэчлэлүүд"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B1.D0.B0.D1.87.D1.91.D0.B2.D1.8B.D0.BD_.D1.88.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.8D.D1.87.D0.BB.D1.8D.D0.BB.D2.AF.D2.AF.D0.B4"></span>Горбачёвын шинэчлэлүүд</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Горбачёвын шинэчлэлүүд" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Горбачёвын шинэчлэлүүд"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ил тод байдал (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Ил тод байдал</a></i></div></dd> <dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Өөрчлөн байгуулалт (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Өөрчлөн байгуулалт</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Reagan_and_Gorbachev_(1985).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Reagan_and_Gorbachev_%281985%29.jpg/140px-Reagan_and_Gorbachev_%281985%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Reagan_and_Gorbachev_%281985%29.jpg/210px-Reagan_and_Gorbachev_%281985%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Reagan_and_Gorbachev_%281985%29.jpg/280px-Reagan_and_Gorbachev_%281985%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%91%D0%B2" title="Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв">Михаил Горбачёв</a> ба <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Роналд Рейган">Роналд Рейган</a>, 1985</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Константин Черненко">Константин Черненкогийн</a> үхлийн дараа эрч хүчтэй залуу <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%91%D0%B2" title="Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв">Михаил Горбачёв</a> 1985 оны 3-р сард нам төрийн удирдлагад гарч ирэн "Өөрчлөн байгуулалт, Ил тод байдал, Ардчиллыг" бодлогыг Зөвлөлтийн амьдралын бүхий л хүрээнд цоо шинээр дэвшүүлэн гаргаж тавьжээ. Улс төрийн амьдралд ардчиллыг хөгжүүлэн <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%93%D0%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="КГБ (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">КГБ</a>-ийн хатуу хяналт сүр хүчийг бууруулан дарангуйллыг устгах хүнд суртлыг арилгахад чиглэгдсэн. Эдийн засгийн хүрээнд өөрчлөн байгуулалт хийхэд цэргийн үйлдвэрийн цогцолбор, армид зарцуулж байсан их хэмжээний хөрөнгийг татах хэрэгтэй болсон. Үндэсний нийт орлогын 12,6%-ийг батлан хамгаалахад зарцуулдаг байжээ. (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="АНУ">АНУ</a>-д 5-6%) Социалист системийг хамгаалахад зориулж байсан цэргийн хүчээ <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Зүүн Европ">Дорнод Европ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Монгол">Монголоос</a> татан авчээ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Бутрал"><span id=".D0.91.D1.83.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BB"></span>Бутрал</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Бутрал" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Бутрал"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_1991_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Зөвлөлтийн 1991 оны төрийн эргэлт хийх оролдлого">Зөвлөлтийн 1991 оны төрийн эргэлт хийх оролдлого</a></i></div></dd> <dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Үндсэн өгүүлэл: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Беловежийн тохиролцоо (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Беловежийн тохиролцоо</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg/250px-RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg/375px-RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg/500px-RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Украин">Украин</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь">Беларусь</a> ба <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%A5%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="ОХУ">ОХУ</a> -ын удирдагчид <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Беловежийн тохиролцоо (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Беловежийн тохиролцоонд</a> гарын үсэг зурсаны дараа</figcaption></figure> <p>1986 онд болсон Украины газар нутаг дахь Чернобылийн атомын цахилгаан станцын осол ЗХУ-ын нэр хүндийг болоод ард иргэдийн Коммунист намд итгэх иттгэлийг машид их унагаасан. Припять хотод цацраг идэвхит бодисонд хордсон хүмүүсийн нийт тоог олон нийтэд мэдээлэхээс нууж, дэлбэрэлт болсны дараа ч болоогүй мэт царайлсан нь ард иргэдийн дургүйцлийг ихээр хүргэж Горбачёвын <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82_(%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Өөрчлөн байгуулалт (Перестройка)">өөрчлөн байгуулалт</a> болоод ил тод нээлттэй байдал эхлүүлэх гол хөшүүрэг нь болсон юм. Энэ цахилгаан станцын ослын дараа нефтийн үнэ шалдаа буутал унаж гамшгийг арилгах гэж 300 гаруй тэрбум долларын хөрөнгө заржээ. Эрүүл бус эдийн засгийн бодлогын хар гайгаар энэхүү зардал нь ЗХУ-ын төсөвт хүчтэй нөлөөлсөн юм. Энэхүү осолд шууд болон шууд бус байдлаар нийтдээ 500,000 хүн хордсон гэх бөгөөд үүнээс ч илүү байх магадлалтай. Хэдийгээр тэр улс төрийн нээлттэй байдлыг үүсгэхийг оролдсон ч удаан дарагдаж байсан үндсэрхэг, анти Орос үзлийг холбоот улсууддаа үүсгэсэн. Үндсэрхэг үзлийн сэргэлтийг тэдний элитүүд дэмжин тусгаар тогтнох үзэл санааг ард түмэндээ суурилуулж эхэлжээ. Энэ нь <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Армени">Армени</a>, Азербайжаны Уулын Карабахын талаар гарсан мөргөлдөөн, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Молдав">Молдав</a>-Приднестрийн зөрчил зэргээр илэрч гарч байв. 1980-аад оны эцсээр <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва">Москвагийн</a> засаглалаас гарч, тусгаар тогтнох үйл явц гарсан. Тухайлбал Сталины хүчлэн нэгтгэсэн <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Латви">Латви</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва">Литва</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони">Эстони</a> гэх Балтын гурван улс, бусад <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Украин">Украин</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Азербайжан">Азербайжан</a> гэх мэт бүгд найрамдах улсуудад өрнөж эхэлсэн. Эдгээр хөдөлгөөнүүд нь Москва эдийн засгаа аврахын тулд дэргэдхээ золигт гаргаснаар бүр хурцадсан. Горбачёв санаандгүй хүчээ сул тавьсан нь хожим Зөвлөлт Холбоот улсыг бүрмөсөн сөнөөх байжээ. ЗХУ-ын харьяат бүгд найрамдах улсуудын коммунист засгууд ямарч эсэргүүцэлгүйгээр огцорч байлаа. </p><p>Мэдээллийн эрх чөлөө нь коммунист намын мэдээлэл дахь хяналтыг алдуулж эрх мэдэлтнүүдэд хүндрэл учруулжээ. Ингэснээр Зөвлөлт засгийн удаан хугацаанд нуун дарж байсан нийгэм, эдийн засгийн хямрал зэрэг нь ил гарсан. Хэвлэлүүд Их Цэвэрлэгээ гэх мэт социалист дэглэм, Сталинтай холбоотой гэмт хэргүүдийг дэлгэж олон жил сайн сайхнаар ухуулсан зөвлөлт засгийн бүх гайхалтай амьдрал нуран уналаа. </p><p>Ельцин ЗСБНХ Орос улсын дээд зөвлөлийн дарга болсны дараа ЗХУ-ын коммунист намаас өөрөө гарч Орос болон бусад үндэстний элитүүдийн хамтаар намаас төрийг тусгаарласан хууль гаргуулжээ. 1990 оны 2 сарын 7-ны өдөр Зөвлөлт Холбоот улсын Коммунист Намын төв хороо өөрийн тэргүүлэх эрх мэдлээ өгөв. 1991 оны 8-р сарын 16-нд Горбачёвыг <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Крым">Крымд</a> амарч байх үед дэд ерөнхийлөгч <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Геннадий Янаев (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Геннадий Янаев</a>, ерөнхий сайд, батлан хамгаалахын сайд, КГБ-ын дарга, мөн бусад албаны дарга нар "улсын онц байдлын хороог" байгуулсан. Тус хороо нь Горбачёвыг гэрийн хорионд хорьж Холбооны улсыг сэргээхийг оролдсон. Төрийн эргэлт гаргагчид ард иргэдийн дэмжлэгийг олно гэж таамаглаж байсан ч Москвагийн иргэд тэдний эрс эсрэг байлаа. Гурван өдрийн дараа 8-р сарын 21-нд эргэлт гаргагчид бутарч, зохион байгуулагчид нь хоригдон Горбачев ЗХУ-ын ерөнхийлөгчөөр дахин тавигджээ. </p><p>Гэхдээ Горбачёвын нэр хүнд бууран суларч ямарч холбоо, зэвсэгт хүчин түүний удирдлагыг үл ойшоож байлаа. Москвагийн гудамжинд хуучинсаг үзэл тоталитар дэглэм, цэргийн засаглалыг эсэргүүцсэн иргэд <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Оросын Хаант Улс">Хаант Оросын</a> төрийн далбааг мандуулж байсан нь хожим байгуулагдах Оросын Холбооны улсын төрийн далбаа болсон юм. Цэргийнхэн ч танкан дээрээ тус далбааг зурж ард иргэдтэйгээ санаа сэтгэл нэгтэй гэдгээ илэрхийлж байжээ. </p><p>Энэ л эгзэгтэй мөчид Ельцин үндэсний удирдлагчаар тодрон гарч <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Оросын Холбооны Улс">Оросын Холбооны Улсын</a> анхны ерөнхийлөгч болсон юм. Төрийн эргэлтийн дараа тусгаар тогтнол руу чиглэх үйл ажиллагаа хурдсаж БНУ-ууд дуу дуугаа авалцан тусгаар улсаа зарлаж байв. ЗСБНХУ-ын бүрэлдэхүүнд байсан бүгд найрамдах улсууд тусгаар тогтнолоо баталж Москватай "хуулийн дайн" явуулсан. Энэ нь бүгд найрамдах улсын хууль Зөвлөлтийн хуулиас ангид байх, эдийн засгийн удирдлагыг өөрсдөө авч Москвад татвар төлөхгүй байх зэрэг байлаа. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1991" class="mw-redirect" title="1991">1991</a> оны 12-р сарын 8-нд <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Оросын Холбооны Улс">Орос</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь">Беларусь</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Украин">Украины</a> удирдагчид (тэд бүгд хуучин коммунистууд байсан) Белорусь дахь "Беловежская Пуша"-д цугларан хуралдаж ЗХУ задарч "<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D3%A9%D1%85%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тусгаар улсуудын хамтын нөхөрлөл (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Тусгаар улсуудын хамтын нөхөрлөл</a>" болсон хэмээн зарлажээ. Горбачёв ийнхүү улсгүй улсын Ерөнхийлөгч болон хувирсан юм. ЗСБНХУ-ыг задарсныг тунхагласны дараа <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%91%D0%B2" title="Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв">Михаил Горбачёв</a> хэд хэдэн ярилцлага өгөхдөө үүнд шүүмжлэлтэй хандаж байсан гэж дурсан ярьсан байна. Түүгээр ч зогсохгүй <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кремль">Кремльд</a> хэвийн үйл ажиллагаагаа явуулсаар байжээ. Харин <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Борис Ельцин">Борис Ельцин</a> түүнийг огцрохыг шаардан Зөвлөлтийн улс төр, эдийн засгийн төв байгууллагуудыг алхам алхмаар устгаж байлаа. </p><p>12-р сарын 19-нд ЗХУ-ын Гадаад явдлын яамны үйл ажиллагааг зогсоох, дараа өдөр нь ЗСБНХУ-ын улсын банкийг Оросын төв банк болгох, ОХУ-ын Ерөнхийлөгчийн аппаратыг Кремлийн ордонд шилжүүлэх шийдвэрүүдийг гаргасан. Энэ нь нэг ёсондоо Горбачёвт өгсөн тулган шаардалт болсон байна. Ельциний эдгээр шийдвэрүүдийг тэр маш эмзэгээр хүлээж авчээ. Түүний зөвлөхүүд ерөнхийлөгчийн албан тушаалаа хадгалах боловч Кремлиэс гарч явахыг санал болгосон. Гэвч Горбачев энэ саналыг хүлээж авалгүй <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Алма-Ата">Алма-Атад</a> болж байгаа 11 Бүгд найрамдах улсын тэргүүлэгчдийн зөвлөгөөний шийдвэрийг хүлээж байлаа. </p><p>12-р сарын 21-ны орой Горбачёв <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Франц">Францын</a> Ерөнхийлөгч <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Франсуа Миттеран">Франсуа Миттерантай</a> утсаар ярихдаа ойрын үед огцорч магадгүй гэдгээ мэдэдсэн байдаг. Алма-Атад хуралдсан 11 орны тэргүүлэгчид 12 сарын 20-ны орой ЗСБНХУ-ын ерөнхийлөгчийн институтын үйл ажиллагааг зогсоож тусгаар улсуудын нөхөрллийн холбоо байгуулсныг зарлаж ЗСБНХУ-ын анхны бөгөөд цорын ганц ерөнхийлөгч Горбачёвын байгуулсан гавьяаг өндрөөр үнэлж насан туршийн тэтгэмж, тусгай хангамж эдлүүлэхээр баталсан байна. Тусгаар улсуудын хамтын нөхөрлөл байгуулагдсан тухай Алма-Атагийн шийдвэр Москвад 12 сарын 21-ны үдээс хойш ирсэн, Горбачёв огцрохоо мэдэгдэхэд бэлэн байсан боловч тэр яарсангүй. </p><p>Оросын ерөнхийлөгч Б.Ельцинийг <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан">Казахстанаас</a> ирэхийг хүлээжээ. Тэдний нүүр нүүрээ харалцан уулзалт 10 цаг үргэлжилсэн байна. 12-р сарын 25-ны орой 7 цагт Зэвсэгт хүчний ерөнхий командлагч (БН улсууд тусгаар тогтносон боловч арми нэгдмэл хэвээр байв) огцорсон тухайгаа хуучин ЗХУ болон дэлхийн бусад 153 оронд Теле компаниар дамжуулж шууд мэдэгджээ. Тэрээр ЗСБНХУ задарсанд харамсаж байгаа төдийгүй түүний цаашдын хувь заяанд сэтгэл зовниж буйгаа илэрхийлжээ. М.Горбачёв телевизээр үг хэлснийхээ дараа өрөөндөө ирж Борис Ельцинд цөмийн зэвсгийн түлхүүрийг гардуулах ёстой байсан ч Ельцин Горбачёвын телевизээр хэлсэн үгэнд нь эгдүүцэн өрөөнд нь очиж авах бус Кремлийн өөр нэг өрөөнд авч ирэхийг шаардсан, мөн үүнд нь Горбачёв дургүйцэн цөмийн зэвсгийн түлхүүрийг түүнийг дагалдан цөмийн зэвсгийн цүнхийг авч явдаг хоёр хурандаа, Батлан хамгаалах яамны сайд Шапошников нарт өгчээ. Түүнийг телевизээр үг хэлж байхад Кремлийн ордон дээрх ЗСБНХУ-ын улаан далбааг буулган Оросын гурван өнгөт далбааг өргөжээ. Энэ хүнд хэцүү сүүлчийн мөчүүдэд Горбачёвыг дэмжсэн, харамссан ганц ч утасны дуудлага ирээгүй гэдэг. Ийнхүү 1922 онд ЗСБНХУ-ыг зарласан тунхаг бичгийг цуцалсан байна. Оны сүүлээр Зөвлөлтийн бүх яамд үйл ажиллагаагаа зогсоосон. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Georgy_Malenkov_1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Г. М. Маленков"><img alt="Г. М. 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Брежнев</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:RIAN_archive_850809_General_Secretary_of_the_CPSU_CC_M._Gorbachev.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Михаил Горбачёв"><img alt="Михаил Горбачёв" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/RIAN_archive_850809_General_Secretary_of_the_CPSU_CC_M._Gorbachev.jpg/80px-RIAN_archive_850809_General_Secretary_of_the_CPSU_CC_M._Gorbachev.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/RIAN_archive_850809_General_Secretary_of_the_CPSU_CC_M._Gorbachev.jpg/119px-RIAN_archive_850809_General_Secretary_of_the_CPSU_CC_M._Gorbachev.jpg 1.5x, 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зурагCommunist</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maps-world.ru/usssr.htm">, хил, Бүгд Найрамдах Улс, ЗСБНХУ-ын нутаг дэвсгэр</a></li></ul> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r793951">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/540/handouts/ussr/soviet2.html">"Language Policy in the former Soviet Union"</a>. <i>H. Schiffman</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Pennsylvania (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">University of Pennsylvania</a>. 19 November 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H.+Schiffman&rft.atitle=Language+Policy+in+the+former+Soviet+Union&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccat.sas.upenn.edu%2F~haroldfs%2F540%2Fhandouts%2Fussr%2Fsoviet2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmn.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82+%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hough, Jerry F. "The 'Dark Forces', the Totalitarian Model, and Soviet History". The Russian Review, vol. 46, no. 4, 1987, pp. 397–403.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergman, Jay. "Was the Soviet Union Totalitarian? The View of Soviet Dissidents and the Reformers of the Gorbachev Era." Studies in East European Thought, vol. 50, no. 4, 1998, pp. 247–281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r793951"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1244&context=cilj">"Crises in the USSR: Are the Constitutional and Legislative Changes Enough"</a>. <i>Cornell International Law Journal</i>. <b>23</b> (2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319084237/https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F&httpsredir=1&article=1244&context=cilj">Архивласан</a> огноо 19 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Татаж авсан: <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cornell+International+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Crises+in+the+USSR%3A+Are+the+Constitutional+and+Legislative+Changes+Enough&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.cornell.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Freferer%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F%26httpsredir%3D1%26article%3D1244%26context%3Dcilj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmn.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82+%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r793951"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010070843/http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1977/zakony/185465/">"Law of the USSR of March 14, 1990 N 1360-I 'On the establishment of the office of the President of the USSR and the making of changes and additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Garant.ru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1977/zakony/185465">the original</a> on 10 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Татаж авсан: <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Law+of+the+USSR+of+March+14%2C+1990+N+1360-I+%27On+the+establishment+of+the+office+of+the+President+of+the+USSR+and+the+making+of+changes+and+additions+to+the+Constitution+%28Basic+Law%29+of+the+USSR%27&rft.pub=Garant.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconstitution.garant.ru%2Fhistory%2Fussr-rsfsr%2F1977%2Fzakony%2F185465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmn.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82+%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Almanaque Mundial 1996</i>, Editorial América/Televisa, Mexico, 1995, pp. 548–552 (<i>Demografía/Biometría</i> table).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theodora.com-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-theodora.com_19-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-theodora.com_19-1">7.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r793951"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theodora.com/wfb/1990/rankings/gdp_million_1.html">"GDP – Million – Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163518/https://www.theodora.com/wfb/1990/rankings/gdp_million_1.html">Архивласан</a> огноо 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Татаж авсан: <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GDP+%E2%80%93+Million+%E2%80%93+Flags%2C+Maps%2C+Economy%2C+Geography%2C+Climate%2C+Natural+Resources%2C+Current+Issues%2C+International+Agreements%2C+Population%2C+Social+Statistics%2C+Political+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theodora.com%2Fwfb%2F1990%2Frankings%2Fgdp_million_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmn.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82+%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r793951"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/219/hdr_1990_en_complete_nostats.pdf">"Human Development Report 1990"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Development_Report&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Development Report (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">HDRO (Human Development Report Office)</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Development_Programme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Development Programme (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">United Nations Development Programme</a>. January 1990. p. 111. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190207194131/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/219/hdr_1990_en_complete_nostats.pdf">Архивласан</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> огноо 7 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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