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This report is ideal for understanding the challenges, prospects, companies, and strategies involved in the future of aviation."> <meta property="og:type" content="book" > <meta property="og:title" content="Aviazione sostenibile del futuro 2025-2045: tendenze, tecnologie, previsioni" > <meta property="og:description" content="This report takes a comprehensive look at the prospects of hydrogen and battery electric technologies for a range of airplane applications including general aviation, business jets and commercial airliners. For each one it evaluates how well hydrogen and battery technologies can meet the aircrafts duty-cycles, how they might impact total cost of ownership, and how carbon footprint is impacted, give different grids and different hydrogen sources. This culminates in a forecast for hydrogen and battery electric airplanes over until 2045. This report is ideal for understanding the challenges, prospects, companies, and strategies involved in the future of aviation."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.idtechex.com/it/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025/1033"> <meta property="og:image" content="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D8/24.png?w=1066&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces,entropy&q=50&fm=pjpg" > <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-09-03"> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/IDTechExResearch/"> <meta property="book:author" content="https://www.idtechex.com/it/alumnidr-james-jeffs/2712"> <meta property="book:author" content="https://www.idtechex.com/it/team/chingis-idrissov/2887"> <meta property="book:isbn" content="9781835700594"> <meta property="book:released_date" content="2024-09-03"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="IDTechEx"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1905389916393394"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@idtechex"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@idtechex"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Aviazione sostenibile del futuro 2025-2045: tendenze, tecnologie, previsioni: IDTechEx"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="This report takes a comprehensive look at the prospects of hydrogen and battery electric technologies for a range of airplane applications including general aviation, business jets and commercial airliners. For each one it evaluates how well hydrogen and battery technologies can meet the aircrafts duty-cycles, how they might impact total cost of ownership, and how carbon footprint is impacted, give different grids and different hydrogen sources. This culminates in a forecast for hydrogen and battery electric airplanes over until 2045. 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href="/it/research-report/sustainable-plastics-for-automotive-2025/1066" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Plastica sostenibile per il settore automobilistico</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-interface-materials/1011" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materiali di interfaccia termica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/white-biotechnology/959" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Biotecnologia bianca</a> <a href="/it/reports/advanced-materials-and-critical-minerals/77" class="colour- colour-webtopic77 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-right list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic8_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/batteries-and-energy-storage/8" class="colour- colour-webtopic8 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Batteries & Energy Storage</a> <a href="/it/research/energy-market-intelligence-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Energy Research Subscription</span></a> <a href="/it/research-report/advanced-li-ion-battery-technologies/1002" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Tecnologie avanzate per le batterie agli ioni di litio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ai-driven-battery-technology-2025/1049" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Tecnologia delle batterie basata sull'intelligenza artificiale</a> <a href="/it/research-report/batteries-for-stationary-energy-storage/1021" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Batterie per lo stoccaggio stazionario di energia</a> <a href="/it/research-report/battery-markets-in-cam/1008" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercati delle batterie nelle macchine per l'edilizia, l'agricoltura e l'estrazione mineraria</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materiali-critici-per-batterie-2025-2035-tecnologie-attori-mercati-e-previsioni/1075" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materiali critici per batterie</a> <a href="/it/research-report/direct-lithium-extraction/1026" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Estrazione diretta del litio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/flexible-batteries-market/1018" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato delle batterie flessibili</a> <a href="/it/research-report/li-ion-batteries-and-battery-management-systems-for-evs/957" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Pacchi batterie agli ioni di litio e sistemi di gestione della batteria per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/li-ion-battery-market-2025/1027" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato delle batterie agli ioni di litio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/li-ion-battery-recycling-market/939" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato del riciclaggio delle batterie agli ioni di litio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/lithium-metal-batteries-2025/1069" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Batterie al litio metallico</a> <a href="/it/research-report/long-duration-energy-storage-market/983" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Tecnologie di accumulo di energia a lunga durata</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materiali-per-celle-e-pacchi-batteria-per-veicoli-elettrici-2025-2035-tecnologie-mercati-previsioni/1057" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materiali per celle e pacchi batteria per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/redox-flow-batteries-market/963" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato delle batterie Redox Flow</a> <a href="/it/research-report/foglio-di-calcolo-delle-previsioni-dello-scenario-materiali-per-celle-e-pacchi-batteria-per-veicoli-elettrici/803" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Foglio di calcolo delle previsioni dello scenario</a> <a href="/it/research-report/second-life-ev-batteries-2025/1056" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Batterie per veicoli elettrici di seconda vita</a> <a href="/it/research-report/silicon-anode-batteries-2025/1052" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Tecnologie e mercati degli anodi di silicio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sodium-ion-batteries/978" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Batterie agli ioni di sodio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/solid-state-and-polymer-batteries-2025/1070" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Batterie a stato solido e polimeriche</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-energy-storage/1001" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Stoccaggio di energia termica</a> <a href="/it/reports/batteries-and-energy-storage/8" class="colour- colour-webtopic8 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic2_menu"> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-left list-group-item-action btn-sm">Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/it/research/future-mobility-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Future Mobility Subscription</span></a> <a href="/it/research-report/database-vendite-modelli-e-tecnologie-di-auto-elettriche/824" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Data & Tools</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Database vendite, modelli e tecnologie di auto elettriche</span></a> <a href="/it/research-report/air-taxis-evtol-aircraft/998" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Taxi aerei</a> <a href="/it/research-report/autonomous-trucks/1016" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autocarri autonomi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/autonomous-vehicles-markets-2025/1045" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato dei veicoli autonomi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/treni-elettrici-a-batteria-e-celle-a-combustibile-a-idrogeno-2023-2043/930" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Treni elettrici a batteria e celle a combustibile a idrogeno</a> <a href="/it/research-report/battery-markets-in-cam/1008" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercati delle batterie nelle macchine per l'edilizia, l'agricoltura e l'estrazione mineraria</a> <a href="/it/research-report/battery-swapping-for-evs/868" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sostituzione batteria per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/charging-infrastructure-for-electric-vehicles/1035" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Infrastruttura di ricarica per veicoli elettrici e flotte</a> <a href="/it/research-report/copper-demand-for-cars/973" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Rame per automobili</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electric-buses/1012" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Autobus elettrici e a celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-trucks-2025/1054" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autocarri elettrici e a celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electric-boats-and-ships/948" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Barche elettriche e navi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electric-light-commercial-vehicles-2025/1048" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Veicoli commerciali leggeri elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electric-motors/1031" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Motori elettrici per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-construction/1022" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Veicoli elettrici in costruzione</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-india/793" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Veicoli elettrici in India</a> <a href="/it/research-report/evs-in-mining/994" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Veicoli elettrici nel settore minerario</a> <a href="/it/research-report/veicoli-elettrici-terra-mare-e-aria-2025-2045/1060" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/veicoli-commerciali-leggeri-elettrici-ibridi-e-a-celle-a-combustibile-2021-2041/783" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Veicoli commerciali leggeri elettrici, ibridi e a celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-left list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> </div> </div> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:2px; margin-right:2px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-right list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> <a href="/it/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2025/1068" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materiali antincendio per batterie EV</a> <a href="/it/research-report/fuel-cell-boats-and-ships/907" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Barche e navi a celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/veicoli-elettrici-a-celle-a-combustibile-2025-2045-mercati-tecnologie-previsioni/1078" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Veicoli elettrici a celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/future-automotive-technologies/979" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Future Automotive Technologies</a> <a href="/it/research-report/heads-up-displays/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Heads-up Display automobilistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/high-voltage-hybrid-cars-buses-and-trucks/788" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Auto, autobus e camion ibridi ad alta tensione</a> <a href="/it/research-report/li-ion-batteries-and-battery-management-systems-for-evs/957" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Pacchi batterie agli ioni di litio e sistemi di gestione della batteria per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/li-ion-battery-market-2025/1027" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato delle batterie agli ioni di litio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materiali-per-celle-e-pacchi-batteria-per-veicoli-elettrici-2025-2035-tecnologie-mercati-previsioni/1057" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materiali per celle e pacchi batteria per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/micro-evs-2025-2045-veicoli-elettrici-a-due-ruote-tre-ruote-e-microcar/1073" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Micro EVs</a> <a href="/it/research-report/off-grid-charging-for-evs/997" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Ricarica off-grid per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/plug-in-hybrid-and-battery-electric-cars/1043" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Auto elettriche</a> <a href="/it/research-report/power-electronics-for-evs/1014" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Elettronica di potenza per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/roboshuttles-and-autonomous-buses/1020" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Roboshuttles e autobus autonomi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/foglio-di-calcolo-delle-previsioni-dello-scenario-materiali-per-celle-e-pacchi-batteria-per-veicoli-elettrici/803" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Foglio di calcolo delle previsioni dello scenario</a> <a href="/it/research-report/second-life-ev-batteries-2025/1056" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Batterie per veicoli elettrici di seconda vita</a> <a href="/it/research-report/semiconduttori-automobilistici-2023-2033/921" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Semiconduttori automobilistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/silicon-anode-batteries-2025/1052" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Tecnologie e mercati degli anodi di silicio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025/1033" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Aviazione sostenibile del futuro</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-interface-materials/1011" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materiali di interfaccia termica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-management-for-evs/1015" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Gestione termica per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Gestione termica per l'elettronica di potenza per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/wireless-charging-market-for-evs/896" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato della ricarica wireless per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-right list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic115_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115" class="colour- colour-webtopic115 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Energy & Decarbonization</a> <a href="/it/research/energy-market-intelligence-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Energy Research Subscription</span></a> <a href="/it/research-report/blue-hydrogen-production-and-markets/922" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Produzione e mercati dell'idrogeno blu</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ccus-markets/1017" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercati della cattura, utilizzo e stoccaggio del carbonio (CCUS)</a> <a href="/it/research-report/carbon-dioxide-removal/1007" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Rimozione dell'anidride carbonica (CDR)</a> <a href="/it/research-report/carbon-dioxide-utilization/1028" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Utilizzo dell'anidride carbonica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/decarbonization-of-cement-2025/1050" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Decarbonizzazione del cemento</a> <a href="/it/research-report/green-hydrogen-production/992" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato della produzione di idrogeno verde e degli elettrolizzatori</a> <a href="/it/research-report/hydrogen-economy/946" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Economia dell'idrogeno</a> <a href="/it/research-report/hydrogen-internal-combustion-engines/1030" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Motori a combustione interna a idrogeno</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materiali per la produzione di idrogeno verde</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materiali per celle a combustibile PEM</a> <a href="/it/research-report/nuclear-small-modular-reactors/934" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Piccoli reattori nucleari modulari (SMR)</a> <a href="/it/research-report/perovskite-photovoltaic-market-2025/1062" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato fotovoltaico in perovskite</a> <a href="/it/research-report/solid-state-and-polymer-batteries-2025/1070" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Batterie a stato solido e polimeriche</a> <a href="/it/research-report/stationary-fuel-cell-markets/1037" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercati stazionari delle celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sustainability-for-data-centers-2025/1064" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sostenibilità per i data center</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sustainable-biofuels-and-e-fuels-market/1039" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato dei biocarburanti sostenibili e degli e-fuel</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-energy-storage/1001" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Stoccaggio di energia termica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thin-film-and-flexible-photovoltaics/885" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Oltre il silicio</a> <a href="/it/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115" class="colour- colour-webtopic115 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic118_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/food-and-agtech/118" class="colour- colour-webtopic118 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Food & AgTech</a> <a href="/it/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones/837" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato della robotica agricola</a> <a href="/it/research-report/biostimulants-and-biopesticides/773" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Biostimolanti e biopesticidi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/cultured-meat/913" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Carne coltivata</a> <a href="/it/research-report/genetic-engineering-in-agriculture/750" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Ingegneria genetica in agricoltura</a> <a href="/it/research-report/pfas-treatment-technologies/1040" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Trattamento PFAS</a> <a href="/it/research-report/plant-based-meat/823" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carne vegetale</a> <a href="/it/research-report/vertical-farming/871" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Agricoltura verticale</a> <a href="/it/reports/food-and-agtech/118" class="colour- colour-webtopic118 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic110_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/healthcare/110" class="colour- colour-webtopic110 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Healthcare</a> <a href="/it/research-report/advanced-wound-care-tech/682" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Tecnologie avanzate per la cura delle ferite</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ai-in-drug-discovery/818" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI in Drug Discovery 2021</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ai-in-medical-diagnostics/766" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI in Medical Diagnostics</a> <a href="/it/research-report/antiviral-and-antimicrobial-tech/942" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato della tecnologia antivirale e antimicrobica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/biosensors-for-point-of-care-diagnostics/863" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Biosensori per la diagnostica point-of-care</a> <a href="/it/research-report/diabetes-management-2025/1059" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Tecnologie per la gestione del diabete</a> <a href="/it/research-report/digital-health-and-ai/985" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Salute digitale e intelligenza artificiale 2024</a> <a href="/it/research-report/dna-sequencing/887" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sequenziamento del DNA</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electronic-skin-patches/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Cerotti elettronici per la pelle</a> <a href="/it/research-report/flexible-electronics-in-healthcare/731" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Elettronica flessibile nel settore sanitario</a> <a href="/it/research-report/remote-patient-monitoring/890" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Monitoraggio remoto dei pazienti</a> <a href="/it/research-report/skin-sensors/752" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Skin Sensors</a> <a href="/it/reports/healthcare/110" class="colour- colour-webtopic110 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic124_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/hydrogen/124" class="colour- colour-webtopic124 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Hydrogen</a> <a href="/it/research-report/treni-elettrici-a-batteria-e-celle-a-combustibile-a-idrogeno-2023-2043/930" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Treni elettrici a batteria e celle a combustibile a idrogeno</a> <a href="/it/research-report/blue-hydrogen-production-and-markets/922" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Produzione e mercati dell'idrogeno blu</a> <a href="/it/research-report/veicoli-elettrici-a-celle-a-combustibile-2025-2045-mercati-tecnologie-previsioni/1078" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Veicoli elettrici a celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/green-hydrogen-production/992" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato della produzione di idrogeno verde e degli elettrolizzatori</a> <a href="/it/research-report/hydrogen-economy/946" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Economia dell'idrogeno</a> <a href="/it/research-report/hydrogen-internal-combustion-engines/1030" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Motori a combustione interna a idrogeno</a> <a href="/it/research-report/long-duration-energy-storage-market/983" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Tecnologie di accumulo di energia a lunga durata</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materiali per la produzione di idrogeno verde</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materiali per celle a combustibile PEM</a> <a href="/it/research-report/off-grid-charging-for-evs/997" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Ricarica off-grid per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/stationary-fuel-cell-markets/1037" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercati stazionari delle celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025/1033" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Aviazione sostenibile del futuro</a> <a href="/it/reports/hydrogen/124" class="colour- colour-webtopic124 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic116_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/photonics/116" class="colour- colour-webtopic116 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Photonics</a> <a href="/it/research-report/advanced-semiconductor-packaging/1042" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Imballaggi avanzati per semiconduttori</a> <a href="/it/research-report/automotive-displays/958" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Display automobilistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/heads-up-displays/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Heads-up Display automobilistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/lidar-2024-2034/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Lidar</a> <a href="/it/research-report/metamaterials-markets/1010" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Metamateriali ottici e a radiofrequenza</a> <a href="/it/research-report/micro-led-displays/968" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Display micro-LED</a> <a href="/it/research-report/silicon-photonics-and-photonic-integrated-circuits-2025/1067" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Fotonica al silicio e circuiti integrati fotonici</a> <a href="/it/reports/photonics/116" class="colour- colour-webtopic116 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic1_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1" class="colour- colour-webtopic1 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Printed & Flexible Electronics</a> <a href="/it/research-report/flexible-and-printed-electronics/943" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Elettronica flessibile e stampata</span></a> <a href="/it/research-report/3d-electronics/1003" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Elettronica 3D/Elettronica additiva</a> <a href="/it/research-report/conductive-inks/1013" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato degli inchiostri conduttivi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electronic-skin-patches/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Cerotti elettronici per la pelle</a> <a href="/it/research-report/flexible-batteries-market/1018" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato delle batterie flessibili</a> <a href="/it/research-report/flexible-electronics-in-healthcare/731" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Elettronica flessibile nel settore sanitario</a> <a href="/it/research-report/flexible-hybrid-electronics/950" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Elettronica ibrida flessibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/in-mold-electronics-2025/1055" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Mold Electronics</a> <a href="/it/research-report/produzione-di-elettronica-stampata-2023-2033/916" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Produzione di elettronica stampata</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materiali-per-lelettronica-stampata-flessibile-2021-2031-tecnologie-applicazioni-previsioni-di-mercato/785" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materiali per l'elettronica stampata/flessibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/perovskite-photovoltaic-market-2025/1062" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato fotovoltaico in perovskite</a> <a href="/it/research-report/elettronica-stampata-e-flessibile-per-applicazioni-automobilistiche-2021-2031-tecnologie-e-mercati/806" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Elettronica stampata e flessibile per applicazioni automobilistiche</a> <a href="/it/research-report/printed-and-flexible-sensors/993" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sensori stampati e flessibili</a> <a href="/it/research-report/smart-packaging/931" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Imballaggio intelligente</a> <a href="/it/research-report/stretchable-and-conformal-electronics/636" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Elettronica estensibile e conforme</a> <a href="/it/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1" class="colour- colour-webtopic1 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic122_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/quantum-technologies/122" class="colour- colour-webtopic122 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Quantum Technologies</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-communication-market/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato della comunicazione quantistica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-computing-market-2025/1053" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato dell'informatica quantistica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-sensors-market-2025/1063" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato dei sensori quantistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-tech/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato della tecnologia quantistica</a> <a href="/it/reports/quantum-technologies/122" class="colour- colour-webtopic122 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic99_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99" class="colour- colour-webtopic99 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Robotics & Autonomy</a> <a href="/it/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones/837" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato della robotica agricola</a> <a href="/it/research-report/automotive-radar-market-2025/1061" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato dei radar automobilistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/autonomous-trucks/1016" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autocarri autonomi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/autonomous-vehicles-markets-2025/1045" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato dei veicoli autonomi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/collaborative-robots-2025/1046" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Robot collaborativi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/drone-market-and-industries/787" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato e industrie dei droni</a> <a href="/it/research-report/future-automotive-technologies/979" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Future Automotive Technologies</a> <a href="/it/research-report/in-cabin-sensing-2025-2035-tecnologie-opportunit-e-mercati/1077" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Cabin Sensing</a> <a href="/it/research-report/telecamere-a-infrarossi-ir-per-il-settore-automobilistico-2025-2035-tecnologie-opportunit-previsioni/1029" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Telecamere a infrarossi (IR) per il settore automobilistico</a> <a href="/it/research-report/lidar-2024-2034/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Lidar</a> <a href="/it/research-report/mobile-robotics-in-logistics-warehousing-and-delivery/960" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Robotica mobile nella logistica, nel magazzinaggio e nelle consegne</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-communication-market/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato della comunicazione quantistica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/roboshuttles-and-autonomous-buses/1020" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Roboshuttles e autobus autonomi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sensors-for-robotics/908" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sensori per la robotica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/service-robots/864" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Service Robots</a> <a href="/it/research-report/software-defined-vehicles/974" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Veicoli definiti dal software, auto connesse e intelligenza artificiale nelle auto</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-management-for-adas/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Gestione termica per sistemi avanzati di assistenza alla guida (ADAS)</a> <a href="/it/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99" class="colour- colour-webtopic99 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic121_menu"> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-left list-group-item-action btn-sm">Semiconductors, Computing & AI</a> <a href="/it/research-report/advanced-semiconductor-packaging/1042" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Imballaggi avanzati per semiconduttori</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ai-chips/937" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Chip AI</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ai-chips-for-edge-applications/956" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Chip di intelligenza artificiale per applicazioni edge</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ai-in-drug-discovery/818" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI in Drug Discovery 2021</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ai-in-medical-diagnostics/766" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI in Medical Diagnostics</a> <a href="/it/research-report/antenna-in-package/989" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Antenna in pacchetto (AiP) per 5G e 6G</a> <a href="/it/research-report/chiplet-technology-2025/1041" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Tecnologia Chiplet</a> <a href="/it/research-report/co-packaged-optics/1019" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Ottica co-confezionata (CPO)</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electrically-conductive-adhesives/830" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Adesivi elettricamente conduttivi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/flexible-hybrid-electronics/950" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Elettronica ibrida flessibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/hardware-for-hpc-and-ai-2025/1058" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Hardware per HPC e AI</a> <a href="/it/research-report/in-cabin-sensing-2025-2035-tecnologie-opportunit-e-mercati/1077" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Cabin Sensing</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-and-processing-for-advanced-semiconductor-packaging/1044" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materiali e lavorazione per l'imballaggio avanzato di semiconduttori</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-informatics/990" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials Informatics</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-communication-market/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato della comunicazione quantistica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-computing-market-2025/1053" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato dell'informatica quantistica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-tech/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato della tecnologia quantistica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/semiconduttori-automobilistici-2023-2033/921" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Semiconduttori automobilistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/silicon-photonics-and-photonic-integrated-circuits-2025/1067" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Fotonica al silicio e circuiti integrati fotonici</a> <a href="/it/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-left list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> </div> </div> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:2px; margin-right:2px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-right list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> <a href="/it/research-report/sustainability-for-data-centers-2025/1064" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sostenibilità per i data center</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sustainable-electronics-and-semiconductor-manufacturing-2025/1065" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Produzione sostenibile di elettronica e semiconduttori</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-management-for-5g/857" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Gestione termica per 5G</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-management-for-data-centers/1036" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Gestione termica per i data center</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Gestione termica per l'elettronica di potenza per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-right list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic95_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/sensors-haptics-and-displays/95" class="colour- colour-webtopic95 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Sensors, Haptics & Displays</a> <a href="/it/research-report/brain-computer-interfaces/1024" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Brain Computer Interfaces</a> <a href="/it/research-report/displays-for-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality/955" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Display per la realtà virtuale, aumentata e mista</a> <a href="/it/research-report/emerging-image-sensor-technologies/965" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Tecnologie emergenti per sensori di immagine</a> <a href="/it/research-report/environmental-gas-sensor-market/964" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato dei sensori di gas ambientali</a> <a href="/it/research-report/haptics-market-2025/1034" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Haptics</a> <a href="/it/research-report/heads-up-displays/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Heads-up Display automobilistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/in-cabin-sensing-2025-2035-tecnologie-opportunit-e-mercati/1077" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">In-Cabin Sensing</a> <a href="/it/research-report/telecamere-a-infrarossi-ir-per-il-settore-automobilistico-2025-2035-tecnologie-opportunit-previsioni/1029" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Telecamere a infrarossi (IR) per il settore automobilistico</a> <a href="/it/research-report/lidar-2024-2034/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Lidar</a> <a href="/it/research-report/micro-led-displays/968" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Display micro-LED</a> <a href="/it/research-report/printed-and-flexible-sensors/993" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod 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href="/it/research-report/thermal-management-for-adas/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Gestione termica per sistemi avanzati di assistenza alla guida (ADAS)</a> <a href="/it/research-report/wearable-sensors-market-2025/1051" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato dei sensori indossabili</a> <a href="/it/reports/sensors-haptics-and-displays/95" class="colour- colour-webtopic95 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic120_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/sustainability/120" class="colour- colour-webtopic120 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Sustainability</a> <a href="/it/research-report/bioplastics-market-2025/1032" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Bioplastiche</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ccus-markets/1017" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercati della cattura, utilizzo e stoccaggio del carbonio (CCUS)</a> <a href="/it/research-report/carbon-dioxide-removal/1007" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Rimozione dell'anidride carbonica (CDR)</a> <a href="/it/research-report/carbon-dioxide-utilization/1028" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Utilizzo dell'anidride carbonica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/chemical-recycling/1009" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Riciclaggio chimico e dissoluzione della plastica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/cultured-meat/913" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carne coltivata</a> <a href="/it/research-report/decarbonization-of-cement-2025/1050" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Decarbonizzazione del cemento</a> <a href="/it/research-report/emerging-alternative-leathers/980" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Emerging Alternative Leathers</a> <a href="/it/research-report/pfas-2025/1072" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sostanze per- e polifluoroalchiliche (PFAS) 2025</a> <a href="/it/research-report/pfas-treatment-technologies/1040" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Trattamento PFAS</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sustainability-for-data-centers-2025/1064" 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topic</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <section class="content maincontent"> <div class="contentholder"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="fullmain"> <div class="pre-title"></div> <nav><div class="breadcrumb-v6"><a href="/it">Home</a><a href="/it/research-reports">Research Reports</a><a href="/it/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025/1033">Aviazione sostenibile del futuro 2025-2045: tendenze, tecnologie, previsioni</a></div></nav> <div id="report-main" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <h1 class="std" itemprop="name" id="page-title">Aviazione sostenibile del futuro 2025-2045: tendenze, tecnologie, previsioni</h1> <h2 class="booksubtitle" itemprop="alternativeHeadline">Aerei elettrici a batteria, eCtoL, celle a combustibile a idrogeno, combustione a idrogeno, tecnologie di volo ibride, carburante sostenibile per l'aviazione (SAF), riduzione dei gas serra, costo totale di proprietà, autonomia completamente elettrica e altro ancora.</h2> <div style="display:none;" class="sectionsellingpoint"></div> <div class="sectionauthors">By <a rel="author" href="https://www.idtechex.com/it/team/chingis-idrissov/2887">Chingis Idrissov</a></div> <div role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true" class="toast hide" data-delay="10000" style="position: fixed; top: 10px; right: 25px;z-index:1100"> <div class="toast-header"> <i class="fa fa-exclamation-circle" style="color: darkblue;font-size:1.25em" aria-hidden="true"></i> <strong class="mr-auto">  IDTechEx</strong> <button type="button" class="ml-2 mb-1 close" data-dismiss="toast" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="toast-body"></div> </div> <div class="modal fade" id="loginModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-body"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" style="padding-left:0" id="myTab" role="tablist"> 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data-title="Country"><option value=""></option><option value="229">Afghanistan</option><option value="240">Aland Islands</option><option value="93">Albania</option><option value="94">Algeria</option><option value="241">American Samoa</option><option value="95">Andorra</option><option value="96">Angola</option><option value="97">Anguilla</option><option value="98">Antarctica</option><option value="99">Antigua And Barbuda</option><option value="34">Argentina</option><option value="100">Armenia</option><option value="230">Aruba</option><option value="11">Australia</option><option value="24">Austria</option><option value="101">Azerbaijan</option><option value="102">Bahamas</option><option value="64">Bahrain</option><option value="103">Bangladesh</option><option value="104">Barbados</option><option value="105">Belarus</option><option value="8">Belgium</option><option value="106">Belize</option><option value="107">Benin</option><option value="70">Bermuda</option><option value="108">Bhutan</option><option value="86">Bolivia</option><option value="109">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option><option value="110">Botswana</option><option value="27">Brazil</option><option value="111">British Virgin Islands</option><option value="112">Brunei</option><option value="56">Bulgaria</option><option value="113">Burkina Faso</option><option value="114">Burma</option><option value="115">Burundi</option><option value="116">Cambodia</option><option value="80">Cameroon</option><option value="7">Canada</option><option value="232">Cape Verde</option><option value="117">Cayman Islands</option><option value="118">Central African Republic</option><option value="119">Chad</option><option value="83">Channel Islands</option><option value="44">Chile</option><option value="22">China</option><option value="120">Christmas Island</option><option value="42">Colombia</option><option value="121">Comoros</option><option value="123">Cook Islands</option><option value="68">Costa Rica</option><option value="124">Cote d'Ivoire</option><option value="85">Croatia</option><option value="233">Cuba</option><option value="81">Cyprus</option><option value="43">Czechia</option><option value="122">Democratic Republic of Congo</option><option value="23">Denmark</option><option value="125">Djibouti</option><option value="126">Dominica</option><option value="127">Dominican Republic</option><option value="128">East Timor</option><option value="69">Ecuador</option><option value="47">Egypt</option><option value="129">El Salvador</option><option value="130">Equatorial Guinea</option><option value="131">Eritrea</option><option value="132">Estonia</option><option value="133">Ethiopia</option><option value="134">Falkland Islands</option><option value="135">Faroe Islands</option><option value="136">Fiji</option><option value="21">Finland</option><option value="3">France</option><option value="137">French Guiana</option><option value="138">French Polynesia</option><option value="139">French Southern Territories</option><option value="140">Gabon</option><option value="141">Gambia</option><option value="142">Georgia</option><option value="4">Germany</option><option value="79">Ghana</option><option value="143">Gibraltar</option><option value="33">Greece</option><option value="144">Greenland</option><option value="145">Grenada</option><option value="146">Guadeloupe</option><option value="147">Guam</option><option value="148">Guatemala</option><option value="149">Guinea</option><option value="150">Guinea-Bissau</option><option value="151">Guyana</option><option value="152">Haiti</option><option value="153">Honduras</option><option value="26">Hong Kong</option><option value="46">Hungary</option><option value="59">Iceland</option><option value="20">India</option><option value="45">Indonesia</option><option value="55">Iran</option><option value="92">Iraq</option><option value="28">Ireland</option><option value="17">Israel</option><option value="9">Italy</option><option value="154">Jamaica</option><option value="5">Japan</option><option value="71">Jordan</option><option value="76">Kazakhstan</option><option value="57">Kenya</option><option value="155">Kiribati</option><option value="91">Korea</option><option value="228">Kosovo</option><option value="54">Kuwait</option><option value="156">Kyrgyzstan</option><option value="157">Laos</option><option value="82">Latvia</option><option value="158">Lebanon</option><option value="159">Lesotho</option><option value="160">Liberia</option><option value="227">Libya</option><option value="65">Liechtenstein</option><option value="67">Lithuania</option><option value="50">Luxembourg</option><option value="62">Macau</option><option value="161">Macedonia</option><option value="162">Madagascar</option><option value="163">Malawi</option><option value="25">Malaysia</option><option value="164">Maldives</option><option value="165">Mali</option><option value="74">Malta</option><option value="231">Marshall Islands</option><option value="166">Martinique</option><option value="167">Mauritania</option><option value="72">Mauritius</option><option value="30">Mexico</option><option value="168">Micronesia</option><option value="169">Moldova</option><option value="170">Monaco</option><option value="171">Mongolia</option><option value="234">Montenegro</option><option value="172">Montserrat</option><option value="87">Morocco</option><option value="173">Mozambique</option><option value="174">Myanmar</option><option value="175">Namibia</option><option value="176">Nauru</option><option value="177">Nepal</option><option value="6">Netherlands</option><option value="178">Netherlands Antilles</option><option value="179">New Caledonia</option><option value="29">New Zealand</option><option value="180">Nicaragua</option><option value="181">Niger</option><option value="182">Nigeria</option><option value="183">Niue</option><option value="184">North Korea</option><option value="38">Norway</option><option value="63">Oman</option><option value="53">Pakistan</option><option value="185">Palau</option><option value="235">Palestine</option><option value="186">Panama</option><option value="187">Papua New Guinea</option><option value="90">Paraguay</option><option value="60">Peru</option><option value="39">Philippines</option><option value="188">Pitcairn</option><option value="37">Poland</option><option value="32">Portugal</option><option value="189">Puerto Rico</option><option value="75">Qatar</option><option value="239">Republic of Congo</option><option value="190">Reunion</option><option value="48">Romania</option><option value="31">Russia</option><option value="191">Russian Federation</option><option value="192">Rwanda</option><option value="196">Samoa</option><option value="197">San Marino</option><option value="236">São Tomé and Príncipe</option><option value="51">Saudi Arabia</option><option value="198">Senegal</option><option value="84">Serbia</option><option value="199">Seychelles</option><option value="200">Sierra Leone</option><option value="16">Singapore</option><option value="58">Slovakia</option><option value="40">Slovenia</option><option value="201">Solomon Islands</option><option value="202">Somalia</option><option value="19">South Africa</option><option value="203">South Georgia</option><option value="204">South Sandwich Islands</option><option value="238">South Sudan</option><option value="18">Spain</option><option value="49">Sri Lanka</option><option value="205">St Helena</option><option value="193">St Kitts and Nevis</option><option value="194">St Lucia</option><option value="195">St Vincent & Grenadines</option><option value="237">Sudan</option><option value="206">Suriname</option><option value="207">Swaziland</option><option value="14">Sweden</option><option value="12">Switzerland</option><option value="78">Syria</option><option value="15">Taiwan</option><option value="208">Tajikistan</option><option value="209">Tanzania</option><option value="36">Thailand</option><option value="210">Togo</option><option value="211">Tonga</option><option value="77">Trinidad</option><option value="212">Trinidad and Tobago</option><option value="213">Tunisia</option><option value="35">Turkey</option><option value="214">Turkmenistan</option><option value="215">Turks and Caicos Islands</option><option value="216">Tuvalu</option><option value="88">Uganda</option><option value="61">Ukraine</option><option value="41">United Arab Emirates</option><option value="2">United Kingdom</option><option value="1">United States</option><option value="66">Uruguay</option><option value="218">US Virgin Islands</option><option value="220">Uzbekistan</option><option value="221">Vanuatu</option><option value="222">Vatican City State</option><option value="73">Venezuela</option><option value="52">Vietnam</option><option value="223">Western Sahara</option><option value="224">Yemen</option><option value="225">Zambia</option><option value="226">Zimbabwe</option></select> </div> <small class="msg"></small> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="userphone">Phone Number<span class="reqd">*</span></label> <input data-title="Phone Number" oninput="validateSignUpData(this)" class="form-control" type="tel" name="phone" id="userphone" data-regexp="[\d\s\+\-]{5,}[\d\s\+\-\/directx\,]*" size="40" value="" maxlength="30"> <small class="msg"></small> </div>  <button onclick="getCaptchaIfComplete()" type="button" class="btn btn-info btn-block btn-round" id="signupcaptcha">Next</button> <div id="captchaholder"> </div> <button onclick="signUpUser()" type="button" class="btn btn-info btn-block btn-round wait-on-captcha-btn" id="signupbutton">Sign Up</button> </form> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="articles" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="articles-tab"> <form id="loginform"> <input type="hidden" value="loginuser" name="action"> 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class="samplepages" id="samplepages" value="https://www.idtechex.com/users/action/dl.asp?documentid=28895"> <div class="ajaxrep" data-name="orderbtns" data-publicationid="1033" data-pv=""> <div class="single-row-table top-aligned"> <div> <a class="btn btn-info btn-push-10 btn-sm btn-bright order-now-btn" href="https://www.idtechex.com/estore/order.asp?productcategoryid=1254"><span>Order now</span></a> <a href="mailto:research@idtechex.com" style="display:block;font-size:0.8em;text-align:center;margin-right:10px">Ask a question</a> </div> <div> <span class="ajaxrep" data-name="orderbtn" data-publicationid="1033" data-pv=""> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="btn btn-info btn-sm order-in-sub-btn btn-push-10 btn-bright">Order in a Subscription</a> </span> <a href="/it/research/market-intelligence-subscription" target="_blank" style="display:block;font-size:0.8em;text-align:center;">About subscriptions</a> </div> <div> <a href="https://www.idtechex.com/users/action/dl.asp?documentid=28895" class="btn btn-sm samplepages" style="color:white !important;background-color:#577cbb !important"><span>Download Sample Pages<span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="viewoption"> <span class="selected">Show All</span> <span data-show="description">Description</span> <span data-show="contents">Contents, Table & Figures List</span> <span class="pricing" data-show="orderinfo">Pricing</span> <span class="d-none" data-show="relatedcontent">Related Content</span></div> <div class="report-description"> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div>The electric airplane market is in its infancy. To the best of IDTechEx's knowledge, there is only one example of an electric airplane for sale today: the Pipistrel Velis Electro. From IDTechEx's perspective, it has had a stellar start, with a surprising number of deliveries since its first in 2020. Electric powertrains fit small general aviation planes well, helping to drive a predicted 35.7% CAGR in electric general aviation airplanes between 2025 and 2035. But, this is just the beginning of a new era of aviation, with "Sustainable Future Aviation 2025-2045: Trends, Technologies, Forecasts" finding that electric and hydrogen-powered airplanes can contribute to a decarbonized aerospace industry across a spectrum of aircraft. From the smallest two-seaters like the Velis Electro, to the largest planes on the market, like the Boeing 777, electric and hydrogen power can provide value and reduce GHG contribution.</div><div> </div><div><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D8/26.png?w=5000&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D8/26.png?w=5000&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/D8/26.png" width="5000"></div><div><i>Emissions of a Boeing are 777-9 per hour compared to a theoretical electric alternative of the same size. </i></div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Electric Commercial Airliners Will Need Strategic Deployment</span></div><div>Despite the success of batteries in the automotive industry, and the admirable technological improvements they have shown, it will be almost impossible for battery-electric aircraft to achieve the ranges of existing jet fuel airplanes. The batteries will simply be too heavy, especially for commercial airliners, which need to burn tens of tonnes of fuel before landing to hit their maximum landing weights. This weight limit leaves scarcely a few tonnes of wiggle room for batteries to occupy. A narrow-body airplane like the Boeing 737-10 requires around 100MWh to get its full range. A battery this size would weigh hundreds of tonnes. Even future battery technologies like silicon-anode, metal-anode, or aluminum air will likely be too heavy. As such, full range with battery power alone is a near impossibility.</div><div> </div><div><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D8/25.png?w=5000&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D8/25.png?w=5000&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/D8/25.png" width="5000"></div><div><i>Data source: US Bureau of Transportation, analyzed by IDTechEx</i></div><div> </div><div>The key to the success of battery-powered commercial airliners is to deploy them strategically. Some of the most popular, highest-volume routes flown today are less than 1,000km. Routes like LAX to SFO (Los Angeles to San Francisco) and LHR to FRA (London to Frankfurt) are only 540km and 655km respectively. This is not easily electrifiable today, but there are some avenues open that could help get there, such as:</div><ul><li>Improved battery technologies</li><li>Improved plane design with better flight efficiency</li><li>Higher maximum landing weights to carry more batteries</li></ul><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Hydrogen Can Have Widespread Spread Adoption but the Source of the Hydrogen Should be Carefully Considered</span></div><div>Hydrogen has great promise thanks to its gravimetric energy density, at 39.3kWh/kg, it is three times as energy-dense as jet fuel and more than 100 times as energy-dense as today's lithium-ion batteries. This can be hugely exciting until its volumetric limitations are understood. Even in liquid form, hydrogen occupies nearly four times the volume of jet fuel for the same energy. The limiting factor is getting enough storage volume on the airplane to make it useful. It is also limited by the need to be cryogenically cooled to remain a liquid, or pressurized to have useful volumetric energy density as a gas. Despite these limitations, this report explains how hydrogen can be used strategically to fulfill significant air travel demand.</div><div> </div><div><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D8/27.png?w=5000&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D8/27.png?w=5000&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/D8/27.png" width="5000"></div><div><i>Gravimetric energy densities of different fuels</i></div><div> </div><div>While Hydrogen can easily fulfill enough air travel demand to make it worthwhile, "Sustainable Future Aviation 2025-2045: Trends, Technologies, Forecasts" shows that the key challenge for hydrogen will be balancing fuel costs with carbon credentials. Green hydrogen, from renewable water electrolysis, is the greenest, but also the most expensive way of producing hydrogen. Blue hydrogen, produced from natural gas with carbon capture and storage (CCS), is significantly cheaper but does not provide 100% CO<sub>2</sub> removal. Conventional grey hydrogen on the other hand can be made very cheaply, and a grey hydrogen-powered fuel cell airplane would be much cheaper to fuel than jet fuel. However, grey hydrogen emits around 10 kg of CO2 for every kg of hydrogen. This report shows the expected net emissions for each hydrogen production type highlighting which can produce a benefit compared to traditional fossil fuels.</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">SAF is Unavoidable to Decarbonize Air Travel</span></div><div>IDTechEx believes that the technology exists today to build a hydrogen airplane, the industry is just in the process of demonstrating the technology, certifying, scaling etc. A process that is going to take many years. But even if hydrogen and electric planes were ready today, the industry would still need SAF to decarbonize by 2050. There is currently a fleet of around 25,000 commercial airliners in use today, and some of them will still be around in 30 years, such is the long life of these airplanes. Business jets and general aviation are even worse. This report finds there are planes in use today in the US that were built more than 80 years ago. The only realistic option to fully decarbonize by 2050 is to adopt SAF for airframes that are built today, but still be in use then.</div><div> </div><div>In addition to aging airframes, there will still be other factors necessitating SAF. The maximum range of planes today is unlikely to be reachable with hydrogen, meaning some routes will be confined to kerosene-like fuels indefinitely. Additionally, some airports simply won't be able to afford new electric and hydrogen fuelling infrastructure and will have to take SAF as a drop-in alternative.</div><div> </div><div class="sectionquote">"Sustainable Future Aviation 2025-2045: Trends, Technologies, Forecasts" analyses the technology options for general aviation, business jets, and commercial airliners. For each one, it considers the total cost of ownership, potential ranges achievable, and impact on carbon footprint. It also gives overviews of key industry players' attitudes towards emerging propulsion technologies and highlights what the best-funded start-ups are working on. It also highlights previously unconsidered bottlenecks like the scaling of electric motors and the power density/longevity compromise of fuel cells. This report can guide strategy, investment, and planning related to the future of air travel.</div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div>As the aerospace industry looks to decarbonize, this report covers the key technologies considered for its future:</div><ul><li> Battery electric airplanes</li><li> Hybrid propulsion options</li><li> Hydrogen combustion airplanes</li><li> Hydrogen fuel cell using:</li></ul><div> - liquid hydrogen</div><div> - 700 bar pressurized hydrogen</div><div> </div><div>The report covers how these technologies are used across:</div><ul><li> General aviation airplanes</li><li> Business jets</li><li> Narrow-body commercial airliners</li><li> Wide-body commercial airliners</li></ul><div> </div><div>The 20-year forecasts in this report cover:</div><ul><li> Unit sales by plane type (general aviation, business jet, commercial airliner) and powertrain (conventional ICE, battery electric, hydrogen)</li><li> Sales revenue in US$ by plane type (general aviation, business jet, commercial airliner) and powertrain (conventional ICE, battery electric, hydrogen)</li><li> Battery demand for battery electric planes</li><li> Motor demand for electrically propelled planes (battery and fuel cell electric)</li></ul></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div><style type="text/css">.actable, .acth{border: 1px solid white;border-collapse: collapse;padding: 10px;}.actable{border-radius: 25px;}.acthead .acth{background-color:#162667;color:#ffffff;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}.actbody .acth{background-color:#375ca0;color:#ffffff;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}.actd{text-align:center;vertical-align:top;border-top: 1px solid #162667;padding: 10px;}</style><table class="actable"><thead class="acthead"><tr><th class="acth">Report Metrics</th><th class="acth">Details</th></tr></thead><tbody class="actbody"><tr><th class="acth">Historic Data</th><td class="actd">2021 - 2023</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">CAGR</th><td class="actd">Electric general aviation planes can expect a 35.7% CAGR between 2025 and 2035</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Forecast Period</th><td class="actd">2024 - 2045</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Forecast Units</th><td class="actd">Unit sales, revenue (US$ billion), battery demand (GWh), motor demand (GWp)</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Regions Covered</th><td class="actd">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Segments Covered</th><td class="actd">This report covers the following emerging propulsion technologies - Battery electric flight - Hybrid flight with jet fuel or SAF - SAF - Hydrogen combustion - Hydrogen fuel cell These technologies are explored across - General aviation planes, including single engine fixed wings and multiengine fixed wings - Business jets - Small commercial narrow-body planes (less than 100 seats) - Commercial narrow-body planes (100-200 seats) - Commercial wide-body planes. </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="sectionheading">Analyst access from IDTechEx</div> <div class="sectioncontent"> <div>All report purchases include up to 30 minutes telephone time with an expert analyst who will help you link key findings in the report to the business issues you're addressing. This needs to be used within three months of purchasing the report.</div> </div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="sectionheading">Further information</div> <div class="sectioncontent"> <div>If you have any questions about this report, please do not hesitate to contact our report team at <a href="mailto:research@IDTechEx.com">research@IDTechEx.com</a> or call one of our sales managers:<br></div> <div><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">AMERICAS (USA)</span>: <a href="tel:+1-617-577-7890">+1 617 577 7890</a><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">ASIA (Japan):</span> <a href="tel:+81-3-3216-7209">+81 3 3216 7209</a><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">ASIA:</span> <a href="tel:+82-10-3896-6219">+82 10 3896 6219</a></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">EUROPE (UK)</span> <a href="tel:+44-1223-812300">+44 1223 812300</a><br></div> </div> <div class="clr"></div> </div> <div class="order-mid"> <input type="hidden" class="samplepages" id="samplepages" 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style="color:white !important;background-color:#577cbb !important"><span>Download Sample Pages<span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding:10px 0px;"></div> </div> <div class="report-contents"> <div id="accordion"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header"> <a class="card-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseOne" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sectionheading"><span id="collapse-icon" class="fa fa-caret-right"></span>  Table of Contents</div> </a> </div> <div id="collapseOne" class="collapse"> <div class="card-body"> <table style="margin-left:10px"> <tr><td class="tocsection1">1.</td><td class="tocname1">EXECUTIVE SUMMARY</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Electric and Hydrogen-Powered Airplane Key Takeaways</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Aircraft Types Covered in this Report</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Aircraft Type Summary - Private and General Aviation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Aircraft Type Summary - Business Jet</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Aircraft Type Summary - Commercial Airliner</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Overview of Plane Types Energy and Power Requirements</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Batteries are too Heavy for Larger Planes...</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.8.</td><td class="tocname2">...But Hydrogen is too Light</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Full Electric Aircraft SWOT</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Hydrogen Fuel Cell SWOT</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Hydrogen Combustion SWOT</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.12.</td><td class="tocname2">SAF Will Have a Key Role - Key Takeaways for SAF</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Converting a Commercial Airliner to Battery Electric</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Building A Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner- Impact on Range - Airbus A321neo</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Useful Ranges of Hydrogen and Battery Electric Aircraft</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Hydrogen Needs to Come from the Right Source to be Carbon Neutral...</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.17.</td><td class="tocname2">But Electric Planes can be Carbon Neutral Regardless of the Grid</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.18.</td><td class="tocname2">Fuel Cell vs Hydrogen Jet Engines</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Typical Airplane Engines</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Motors are Power Dense Enough to Replace Airplane Engines but not Powerful Enough for the Largest Planes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Electric Airplane Sales Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.22.</td><td class="tocname2">Hydrogen Airplane Sales Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.23.</td><td class="tocname2">Adoption of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Power in the Airplane Market Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.24.</td><td class="tocname2">Adoption of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Power in Commercial Narrow-Bodies Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.25.</td><td class="tocname2">Revenue From Battery Electric, Hydrogen, and ICE Planes Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.26.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Demand (GWh) From Battery Electric Planes Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.27.</td><td class="tocname2">Electric Motor Demand (GWp) From Battery Electric and Hydrogen Planes Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">2.</td><td class="tocname1">INTRODUCTION</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Aircraft Types Covered in this Report</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Aircraft Type Summary - Private and General Aviation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.3.</td><td class="tocname2">General Aviation Market Overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Aircraft Type Summary - Business Jet</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Business Jet Market Overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Aircraft Type Summary - Commercial Airliner</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial Airplane Market Overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Established Supply Chain Mapping</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Biggest OEMs in Aerospace</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.10.</td><td class="tocname2">The Big four Engine Companies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.11.</td><td class="tocname2">OEM and Engine Mapping by Industry</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Engine Manufacturers by Engine Type</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Start-up Mapping</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Start-up Funding Over Time</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Start-up Funding Leading Players</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Aviation's Contribution to Global Green House Gas Emissions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">3.</td><td class="tocname1">ELECTRIC AND HYBRID TECHNOLOGIES</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Full Electric Aircraft</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Issues With Weight - Part 1</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Issues With Weight - Part 2</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Small Plane Electrification Case Study - Opportunities</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Single Engine Plane Electrification Case Study - Existing Models</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Electric Training Plane TCO Assumptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Electric Training Plane TCO Analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Electric Training Plane TCO Analysis - US$500/kWh battery</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Electric Training Plane TCO Analysis- Carbon Analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Piper PA-28-181 Electric Conversion Kit</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Single Engine Plane Electrification Case Study - Retrofitting Introduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Single Engine Plane Electrification Case Study - Characterization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Single Engine Plane Electrification Case Study - Retrofitting Example</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Single Engine Plane Electrification Case Study - Retrofitting Analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Single Engine Plane Electrification Case Study - Retrofitting Economics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Single Engine Plane Electrification Case Study - TCO</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.17.</td><td class="tocname2">Single Engine Plane Electrification Case Study - TCO Analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.18.</td><td class="tocname2">Electric Conversion Analysis of 20 SEFW planes - Range</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Electric Conversion Analysis of 20 SEFW planes - Endurance</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Single Engine Plane Electrification Case Study - Carbon Analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Single Engine Plane Electrification Case Study - Summary</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.22.</td><td class="tocname2">Multi-Engine Plane Electrification Case Study - Size Characteristics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.23.</td><td class="tocname2">Multi-Engine Plane Electrification Case Study - Engine Characteristics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.24.</td><td class="tocname2">Multi-Engine Plane Electrification Case Study - Engine Characteristics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.25.</td><td class="tocname2">Multi-Engine Small Plane Case Study - Retrofitting/Conversion Method</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.26.</td><td class="tocname2">Multi-Engine Small Plane Case Study - Retrofitting/Conversion Analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.27.</td><td class="tocname2">Multi-Engine Small Plane Case Study - Retrofit TCO for Recreational Use Assumptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.28.</td><td class="tocname2">Multi-Engine Small Plane Case Study - Retrofit TCO for Recreational Use Analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.29.</td><td class="tocname2">Multi-Engine Small Plane Case Study - Retrofit TCO for Commercial Use</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.30.</td><td class="tocname2">How Battery Price and Longevity Impact TCO for a Small MEFW</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.31.</td><td class="tocname2">Electric Conversion Analysis of 26 MEFW planes - Range</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.32.</td><td class="tocname2">Electric Conversion Analysis of 26 MEFW planes - Endurance</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.33.</td><td class="tocname2">Multi-Engine Small Plane Electrification Case Study - Carbon Analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.34.</td><td class="tocname2">MEFW Business Jet Electrification Case Study - Intro</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.35.</td><td class="tocname2">MEFW Business Jet Electrification Case Study - Gulfstream G650 Electrification Example</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.36.</td><td class="tocname2">MEFW Business Jet Electrification Case Study - Gulfstream G650 Electrification Example Analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.37.</td><td class="tocname2">MEFW Business Jet Electrification Case Study - Usage (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.38.</td><td class="tocname2">MEFW Business Jet Electrification Case Study - Usage (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.39.</td><td class="tocname2">Electric Business Aircraft in Embraer's Long-Term Plan</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.40.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial Airliner Electrification Case Study - Introduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.41.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial Airliner Electrification - Boeing 737 Max Hypothetical Example</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.42.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial Airliner Electrification - Boeing 737 Max Hypothetical Example Analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.43.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial Airliner Electrification - Boeing 777 Hypothetical Example</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.44.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial Airliner Electrification - Boeing 777 Hypothetical Example Analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.45.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial Airliner Electrification - Boeing 777 Max Hypothetical Example Total Cost of Ownership</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.46.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial Airliner Electrification - Boeing 777 Max Hypothetical Example Total Cost of Ownership Analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.47.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial Airliner Electrification - Potential Routes for an Electric Boeing 777 in the US.</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.48.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial Airliner Electrification - Specific Routes that Could be Electrified</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.49.</td><td class="tocname2">The Impossible Challenge of Charging an Electric Commercial Airliner</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.50.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial Airliner Electrification - Carbon Analysis, Single Boeing 777 Hourly Saving</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.51.</td><td class="tocname2">Double- or Single-Isle Planes for Electrification?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.52.</td><td class="tocname2">Multi-Engine Plane Electrification Case Study - Summary</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.53.</td><td class="tocname2">Key Commercial Airliner Player Roadmaps for Electrification</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.54.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial Airliner Electrification to be Led by Start-Ups Like Wright Electric (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.55.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial Airliner Electrification to be Led by Start-Ups Like Wright Electric (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.56.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial Airliner Electrification to be Led by Start-Ups Like Elysian</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.57.</td><td class="tocname2">Can Elysian or Wright Electric be the Teslas of Aviation?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.58.</td><td class="tocname2">Options for Electric Architectures</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.59.</td><td class="tocname2">How Hybrid Works During Flight</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.60.</td><td class="tocname2">Airbus's Abandoned E-Fan X Project</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.61.</td><td class="tocname2">Challenges with Hybridization According to Airbus</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.62.</td><td class="tocname2">Suppliers Are Working on Hybrid Products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.63.</td><td class="tocname2">Hybrid Power Is Not Just for Large Planes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.64.</td><td class="tocname2">Daher Aiming for a Commercial Hybrid GA Product by 2027</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.65.</td><td class="tocname2">Aura Aero Electric Regional Aircraft (ERA) With More than 1,600km Range</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.66.</td><td class="tocname2">Heart Aerospace - Hybrid Now but Progressively Electrifying</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.67.</td><td class="tocname2">Visual Comparison Before and After Hearts Approach Change</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.68.</td><td class="tocname2">Heart Aerospace Preparing for Take-Off in 2028</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.69.</td><td class="tocname2">EPFD - A Key Hybrid Flight Project from Industry Leaders</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.70.</td><td class="tocname2">Table of Electric and Hybrid CTOL Start-Ups</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.71.</td><td class="tocname2">Table of Electric and Hybrid CTOL Planes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.72.</td><td class="tocname2">Key Take Aways of Electric & Hybrid Aviation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">4.</td><td class="tocname1">HYDROGEN FUEL CELL & HYDROGEN COMBUSTION</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Hydrogen Fuel Cell SWOT</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Hydrogen Combustion SWOT</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction to Hydrogen</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">The Hydrogen Economy</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">The Colours of Hydrogen</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">System Efficiency Between BEVs and FCEVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">What are fuel cells?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Types of fuel cells</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Comparison of fuel cell technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Overview of PEMFCs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.8.</td><td class="tocname3">PEMFCs for Aviation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Combustion Versus Fuel Cell for Hydrogen</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Hydrogen's Volumetric Density Issues</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Gravimetric and Volumetric Energy Densities</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Hydrogen SEFW Case Study</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Building A Hydrogen Variant of an SEFW - Introduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Building A Hydrogen Variant of an SEFW - Weight and Volume Considerations</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Building A Hydrogen Variant of an SEFW - Impact on Range</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Building A Hydrogen Variant of an SEFW - Total Cost of Ownership Assumptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Building A Hydrogen Variant of an SEFW - Total Cost of Ownership (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Building A Hydrogen Variant of an SEFW - Total Cost of Ownership (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Building A Hydrogen Variant of an SEFW - Carbon</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Building A Hydrogen Variant of an SEFW - Market Example - Blue Spirit Aero</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Building A Hydrogen Variant of an SEFW - Market Example - Deltahawk</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Hydrogen Commercial Airliner Case Study</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Building a Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner - Introduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Building a Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner - Weight and Volume Considerations - Airbus A321neo</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Building a Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner - Weight and Volume Analysis - Airbus A321neo</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Building a Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner - Weight and Volume Analysis - Boeing 777-9</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Building a Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner- Impact on Range - Airbus A321neo</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Building a Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner- Impact on Range - Airbus Boeing 777-9</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Useful Ranges of Hydrogen Aircraft</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Critical Target Routes for Hydrogen Conversion</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Building a Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner- Total Cost of Ownership Assumptions - Airbus A321neo</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Building a Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner- Total Cost of Ownership (1) - Airbus A321neo</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Building a Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner- Total Cost of Ownership (2) - Airbus A321neo</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Building a Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner- Total Cost of Ownership Assumptions - Boeing 777-9</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Building a Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner- Total Cost of Ownership (1) - Boeing 777-9</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Building a Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner- Total Cost of Ownership (2) - Boeing 777-9</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Building a Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner- Carbon - Airbus A321</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.16.</td><td class="tocname3">Building a Hydrogen Variant of a Commercial Airliner- Carbon - Boeing 777-9</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.17.</td><td class="tocname3">Airbus's ZEROe Concepts</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.18.</td><td class="tocname3">Universal Hydrogen Go Bust After Raising US$100 Million in Funding</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.19.</td><td class="tocname3">US$300 Million in Funding Makes ZeroAvia One to Watch</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.20.</td><td class="tocname3">ZeroAvia's Product Timeline Out to 2040</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.21.</td><td class="tocname3">Electric Aviation Group and the H2ERA</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.22.</td><td class="tocname3">CFM and Airbus Working Towards Hydrogen Combustion in 2035</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.23.</td><td class="tocname3">Hydrogen storage</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.24.</td><td class="tocname3">Honeywell Project NEWBORN - Fuel Cells for Aviation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.25.</td><td class="tocname3">Key Takeaways of Hydrogen Aircraft</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">5.</td><td class="tocname1">SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL (SAF) MARKET & PLAYERS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Current State of the Aviation Industry</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Overview of Feedstocks for SAF</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Jet Fuel Composition & Types</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.4.</td><td class="tocname2">SAF as a Drop-In Replacement for Jet A-1</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Jet Fuel Price Action 2020-2024</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Government Targets & Mandates for SAF</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Government Targets & Mandates for SAF - Focus on EU & UK</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Government Incentives for SAF Producers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Overview of SAF Commitments by Passenger & Cargo Airlines</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Major Passenger Airline Commitments & Activities in SAF</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Major Passenger Airline Commitments & Activities in SAF</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Major Cargo Airline Commitments & Activities in SAF</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.13.</td><td class="tocname2">SAF Alliances & Industry Initiatives</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Summary of Key Market Drivers for SAF</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Main SAF Production Pathways</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Bio-SAF vs e-SAF - the Two Main Pathways to SAF</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.17.</td><td class="tocname2">ASTM-Approved Production Pathways</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.18.</td><td class="tocname2">HEFA-SPK Producer Case Study - Neste</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Gasification-FT bio-SAF Project Case Study - Altalto Immingham</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.20.</td><td class="tocname2">ATJ Project Case Study</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.21.</td><td class="tocname2">e-SAF Project Case Study - Norsk e-Fuel</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.22.</td><td class="tocname2">Production Technology Providers Targeting SAF Market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.23.</td><td class="tocname2">Production Technology Providers Targeting SAF Market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.24.</td><td class="tocname2">Production Technology Providers Targeting SAF Market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.25.</td><td class="tocname2">SAF Project Developers by Production Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.26.</td><td class="tocname2">Fulcrum BioEnergy - a Failed SAF Producer</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.27.</td><td class="tocname2">Other Cancelled SAF Projects & Reasons for Failure</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.28.</td><td class="tocname2">SAF Prices - a Key Issue Holding Back Adoption</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.29.</td><td class="tocname2">Who Will Pay for the Green Premium of SAF?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.30.</td><td class="tocname2">Key Drivers and Challenges for SAF Cost Reduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.31.</td><td class="tocname2">SAF Production Capacities</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.32.</td><td class="tocname2">Key Takeaways and Outlook on SAF</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">6.</td><td class="tocname1">BATTERIES FOR PLANES</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">The Biggest Bottleneck in Electric Aviation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Off-the-shelf Options</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Introduction to Turnkey Battery Pack Suppliers and Key Takeaways</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Off the Shelf Pack Suppliers and their Offerings - North America</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Off the Shelf Pack Suppliers and their Offerings - Europe (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Off the Shelf Pack Off the Shelf Pack Suppliers and their Offerings - Europe (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Off the Shelf Pack Suppliers and their Offerings - China</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Off the Shelf Pack Suppliers and their Offerings - Other</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Off The Shelf Packs - Cycle Life vs Energy Density for Different Chemistries</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Future Options for Batteries</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">The Key Differences Between Different Battery Technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Electrochemistry Definitions 1</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Electrochemistry Definitions 2</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Lithium Battery Chemistries</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">The Promise of Silicon</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Value Proposition of High Silicon Content Anodes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">The Reality of Silicon</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Examples from Start-ups</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Ionblox - Pure Silicon Anode Cells for Aviation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Amprius - Silicon Nanowires</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">H55 - Building a Practical Battery Pack for Electric Aviation Today</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Wright Electric - A Different Approach to Batteries</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Key Takeaways from Batteries</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">7.</td><td class="tocname1">ELECTRIC MOTORS FOR ELECTRIC PROPELLED AIRPLANES</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">eCTOL Motor / Powertrain Requirements</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Overview of Plane Types Energy and Power Requirements</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Typical Airplane Engines</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Airplane Engines Power and Weight</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Turbofan Power Estimations</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Electric Motors and Distributed Electric Propulsion</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Challenges in Building a 100MW Electric Propulsion Unit</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Electric Motors for Aviation: Players</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">H3X is Building MW Scale Motors for Commercial Airplane Applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Evolito is Pursuing Axial Flux for Aviation Applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Duxion is Reinventing the Motor to Replace Turbofans</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Wright Electric's High Power-to-Weight Motor</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">magniX</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Ascendance</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Collins - Aerospace Suppliers Working on Motor Products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.8.</td><td class="tocname3">SAFRAN - Aerospace Suppliers Working on Motor Products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.9.</td><td class="tocname3">EMRAX</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.10.</td><td class="tocname3">MAGicALL</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Nidec Aerospace</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Rolls-Royce / Siemens</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Rolls-Royce / Siemens</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Other Player Examples</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Power Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.16.</td><td class="tocname3">Torque Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.17.</td><td class="tocname3">Key Takeaways from Electric Motors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">8.</td><td class="tocname1">FORECASTS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Forecast Segmentation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Forecasting Method</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Real World Examples of S-Curve</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Maximum Adoption of Electric and Hydrogen Commercial Airliners</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Key Assumptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Key Assumption - Notes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Airplane Addressable Market Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Electric Airplane Sales Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Hydrogen Airplane Sales Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Adoption of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Power in the Airplane Market Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Adoption of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Power in GA Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Adoption of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Power in Business Jets Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Adoption of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Power in Small Commercial Narrow-Bodies Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Adoption of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Power in Commercial Narrow-Bodies Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Adoption of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Power in Commercial Wide-Bodies Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Revenue From Battery Electric Planes Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.17.</td><td class="tocname2">Revenue From Hydrogen Planes Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.18.</td><td class="tocname2">Revenue From Battery Electric, Hydrogen, and ICE Planes Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Demand (MWh) From Battery Electric Planes Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Electric Motor Demand (GWp) From Battery Electric and Hydrogen Planes Forecast - 2021 to 2045</td></tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> <div class="report-orderinfo"> <h2 class="sectionheading ordering-information">Ordering Information</h2> <h2>Aviazione sostenibile del futuro 2025-2045: tendenze, tecnologie, previsioni</h2> <div class="prices-wrapper ajaxrep" 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