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carbonio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/copper-demand-for-cars/973" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Rame per automobili</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materiali-critici-per-batterie-2025-2035-tecnologie-attori-mercati-e-previsioni/1075" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materiali critici per batterie</a> <a href="/it/research-report/critical-material-recovery/1023" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Recupero dei materiali critici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/direct-lithium-extraction/1026" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Estrazione diretta del litio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electrically-conductive-adhesives/830" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Adesivi 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dell'elio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/low-loss-materials-for-5g-and-6g/986" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materiali a bassa perdita per 5G e 6G</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materiali per la produzione di idrogeno verde</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materiali per celle a combustibile PEM</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-informatics/990" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials Informatics</a> <a href="/it/research-report/metal-organic-frameworks/1004" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Metal-Organic Frameworks 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litio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ai-driven-battery-technology-2025/1049" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Tecnologia delle batterie basata sull'intelligenza artificiale</a> <a href="/it/research-report/batteries-for-stationary-energy-storage/1021" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Batterie per lo stoccaggio stazionario di energia</a> <a href="/it/research-report/battery-markets-in-cam/1008" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercati delle batterie nelle macchine per l'edilizia, l'agricoltura e l'estrazione mineraria</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materiali-critici-per-batterie-2025-2035-tecnologie-attori-mercati-e-previsioni/1075" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materiali critici per batterie</a> <a href="/it/research-report/direct-lithium-extraction/1026" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Estrazione diretta del litio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/flexible-batteries-market/1018" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato delle batterie flessibili</a> <a href="/it/research-report/li-ion-batteries-and-battery-management-systems-for-evs/957" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Pacchi batterie agli ioni di litio e sistemi di gestione della batteria per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/li-ion-battery-market-2025/1027" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato delle batterie agli ioni di litio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/li-ion-battery-recycling-market/939" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato del riciclaggio delle batterie agli ioni di litio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/lithium-metal-batteries-2025/1069" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Batterie al litio metallico</a> <a href="/it/research-report/long-duration-energy-storage-market/983" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Tecnologie di accumulo di energia a lunga durata</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materiali-per-celle-e-pacchi-batteria-per-veicoli-elettrici-2025-2035-tecnologie-mercati-previsioni/1057" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materiali per celle e pacchi batteria per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/redox-flow-batteries-market/963" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato delle batterie Redox Flow</a> <a href="/it/research-report/foglio-di-calcolo-delle-previsioni-dello-scenario-materiali-per-celle-e-pacchi-batteria-per-veicoli-elettrici/803" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Foglio di calcolo delle previsioni dello scenario</a> <a href="/it/research-report/second-life-ev-batteries-2025/1056" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Batterie per veicoli elettrici di seconda vita</a> <a href="/it/research-report/silicon-anode-batteries-2025/1052" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Tecnologie e mercati degli anodi di silicio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sodium-ion-batteries/978" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Batterie agli ioni di sodio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/solid-state-and-polymer-batteries-2025/1070" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Batterie a stato solido e polimeriche</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-energy-storage/1001" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Stoccaggio di energia termica</a> <a href="/it/reports/batteries-and-energy-storage/8" class="colour- colour-webtopic8 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic2_menu"> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-left list-group-item-action btn-sm">Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/it/research/future-mobility-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Future Mobility Subscription</span></a> <a href="/it/research-report/database-vendite-modelli-e-tecnologie-di-auto-elettriche/824" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Data & Tools</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Database vendite, modelli e tecnologie di auto elettriche</span></a> <a href="/it/research-report/air-taxis-evtol-aircraft/998" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Taxi aerei</a> <a href="/it/research-report/autonomous-trucks/1016" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autocarri autonomi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/autonomous-vehicles-markets-2025/1045" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato dei veicoli autonomi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/treni-elettrici-a-batteria-e-celle-a-combustibile-a-idrogeno-2023-2043/930" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Treni elettrici a batteria e celle a combustibile a idrogeno</a> <a href="/it/research-report/battery-markets-in-cam/1008" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercati delle batterie nelle macchine per l'edilizia, l'agricoltura e l'estrazione mineraria</a> <a href="/it/research-report/battery-swapping-for-evs/868" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sostituzione batteria per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/charging-infrastructure-for-electric-vehicles/1035" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Infrastruttura di ricarica per veicoli elettrici e flotte</a> <a href="/it/research-report/copper-demand-for-cars/973" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Rame per automobili</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electric-buses/1012" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Autobus elettrici e a celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-trucks-2025/1054" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autocarri elettrici e a celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electric-boats-and-ships/948" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Barche elettriche e navi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electric-light-commercial-vehicles-2025/1048" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Veicoli commerciali leggeri elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electric-motors/1031" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Motori elettrici per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-construction/1022" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Veicoli elettrici in costruzione</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-india/793" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Veicoli elettrici in India</a> <a href="/it/research-report/evs-in-mining/994" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Veicoli elettrici nel settore minerario</a> <a href="/it/research-report/veicoli-elettrici-terra-mare-e-aria-2025-2045/1060" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/veicoli-commerciali-leggeri-elettrici-ibridi-e-a-celle-a-combustibile-2021-2041/783" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Veicoli commerciali leggeri elettrici, ibridi e a celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-left list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> </div> </div> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:2px; margin-right:2px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-right list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> <a href="/it/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2025/1068" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materiali antincendio per batterie EV</a> <a href="/it/research-report/fuel-cell-boats-and-ships/907" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Barche e navi a celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/veicoli-elettrici-a-celle-a-combustibile-2025-2045-mercati-tecnologie-previsioni/1078" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Veicoli elettrici a celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/future-automotive-technologies/979" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Future Automotive Technologies</a> <a href="/it/research-report/heads-up-displays/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Heads-up Display automobilistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/high-voltage-hybrid-cars-buses-and-trucks/788" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Auto, autobus e camion ibridi ad alta tensione</a> <a href="/it/research-report/li-ion-batteries-and-battery-management-systems-for-evs/957" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Pacchi batterie agli ioni di litio e sistemi di gestione della batteria per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/li-ion-battery-market-2025/1027" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato delle batterie agli ioni di litio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materiali-per-celle-e-pacchi-batteria-per-veicoli-elettrici-2025-2035-tecnologie-mercati-previsioni/1057" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materiali per celle e pacchi batteria per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/micro-evs-2025-2045-veicoli-elettrici-a-due-ruote-tre-ruote-e-microcar/1073" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Micro EVs</a> <a href="/it/research-report/off-grid-charging-for-evs/997" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Ricarica off-grid per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/plug-in-hybrid-and-battery-electric-cars/1043" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Auto elettriche</a> <a href="/it/research-report/power-electronics-for-evs/1014" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Elettronica di potenza per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/roboshuttles-and-autonomous-buses/1020" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Roboshuttles e autobus autonomi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/foglio-di-calcolo-delle-previsioni-dello-scenario-materiali-per-celle-e-pacchi-batteria-per-veicoli-elettrici/803" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Foglio di calcolo delle previsioni dello scenario</a> <a href="/it/research-report/second-life-ev-batteries-2025/1056" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Batterie per veicoli elettrici di seconda vita</a> <a href="/it/research-report/semiconduttori-automobilistici-2023-2033/921" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Semiconduttori automobilistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/silicon-anode-batteries-2025/1052" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Tecnologie e mercati degli anodi di silicio</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025/1033" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Aviazione sostenibile del futuro</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-interface-materials/1011" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materiali di interfaccia termica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-management-for-evs/1015" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Gestione termica per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Gestione termica per l'elettronica di potenza per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/wireless-charging-market-for-evs/896" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato della ricarica wireless per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-right list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic115_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115" class="colour- colour-webtopic115 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Energy & Decarbonization</a> <a href="/it/research/energy-market-intelligence-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Energy Research Subscription</span></a> <a href="/it/research-report/blue-hydrogen-production-and-markets/922" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Produzione e mercati dell'idrogeno blu</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ccus-markets/1017" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercati della cattura, utilizzo e stoccaggio del carbonio (CCUS)</a> <a href="/it/research-report/carbon-dioxide-removal/1007" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Rimozione dell'anidride carbonica (CDR)</a> <a href="/it/research-report/carbon-dioxide-utilization/1028" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Utilizzo dell'anidride carbonica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/decarbonization-of-cement-2025/1050" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Decarbonizzazione del cemento</a> <a href="/it/research-report/green-hydrogen-production/992" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato della produzione di idrogeno verde e degli elettrolizzatori</a> <a href="/it/research-report/hydrogen-economy/946" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Economia dell'idrogeno</a> <a href="/it/research-report/hydrogen-internal-combustion-engines/1030" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Motori a combustione interna a idrogeno</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materiali per la produzione di idrogeno verde</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materiali per celle a combustibile PEM</a> <a href="/it/research-report/nuclear-small-modular-reactors/934" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Piccoli reattori nucleari modulari (SMR)</a> <a href="/it/research-report/perovskite-photovoltaic-market-2025/1062" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato fotovoltaico in perovskite</a> <a href="/it/research-report/solid-state-and-polymer-batteries-2025/1070" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Batterie a stato solido e polimeriche</a> <a href="/it/research-report/stationary-fuel-cell-markets/1037" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercati stazionari delle celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sustainability-for-data-centers-2025/1064" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sostenibilità per i data center</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sustainable-biofuels-and-e-fuels-market/1039" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato dei biocarburanti sostenibili e degli e-fuel</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-energy-storage/1001" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Stoccaggio di energia termica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thin-film-and-flexible-photovoltaics/885" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Oltre il silicio</a> <a href="/it/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115" class="colour- colour-webtopic115 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic118_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/food-and-agtech/118" class="colour- colour-webtopic118 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Food & AgTech</a> <a href="/it/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones/837" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato della robotica agricola</a> <a href="/it/research-report/biostimulants-and-biopesticides/773" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Biostimolanti e biopesticidi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/cultured-meat/913" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Carne coltivata</a> <a href="/it/research-report/genetic-engineering-in-agriculture/750" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Ingegneria genetica in agricoltura</a> <a href="/it/research-report/pfas-treatment-technologies/1040" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Trattamento PFAS</a> <a href="/it/research-report/plant-based-meat/823" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carne vegetale</a> <a href="/it/research-report/vertical-farming/871" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Agricoltura verticale</a> <a href="/it/reports/food-and-agtech/118" class="colour- colour-webtopic118 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic110_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/healthcare/110" class="colour- colour-webtopic110 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Healthcare</a> <a href="/it/research-report/advanced-wound-care-tech/682" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Tecnologie avanzate per la cura delle ferite</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ai-in-drug-discovery/818" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI in Drug Discovery 2021</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ai-in-medical-diagnostics/766" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI in Medical Diagnostics</a> <a href="/it/research-report/antiviral-and-antimicrobial-tech/942" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato della tecnologia antivirale e antimicrobica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/biosensors-for-point-of-care-diagnostics/863" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Biosensori per la diagnostica point-of-care</a> <a href="/it/research-report/diabetes-management-2025/1059" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Tecnologie per la gestione del diabete</a> <a href="/it/research-report/digital-health-and-ai/985" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Salute digitale e intelligenza artificiale 2024</a> <a href="/it/research-report/dna-sequencing/887" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sequenziamento del DNA</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electronic-skin-patches/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Cerotti elettronici per la pelle</a> <a href="/it/research-report/flexible-electronics-in-healthcare/731" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Elettronica flessibile nel settore sanitario</a> <a href="/it/research-report/remote-patient-monitoring/890" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Monitoraggio remoto dei pazienti</a> <a href="/it/research-report/skin-sensors/752" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Skin Sensors</a> <a href="/it/reports/healthcare/110" class="colour- colour-webtopic110 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic124_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/hydrogen/124" class="colour- colour-webtopic124 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Hydrogen</a> <a href="/it/research-report/treni-elettrici-a-batteria-e-celle-a-combustibile-a-idrogeno-2023-2043/930" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Treni elettrici a batteria e celle a combustibile a idrogeno</a> <a href="/it/research-report/blue-hydrogen-production-and-markets/922" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Produzione e mercati dell'idrogeno blu</a> <a href="/it/research-report/veicoli-elettrici-a-celle-a-combustibile-2025-2045-mercati-tecnologie-previsioni/1078" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Veicoli elettrici a celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/green-hydrogen-production/992" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato della produzione di idrogeno verde e degli elettrolizzatori</a> <a href="/it/research-report/hydrogen-economy/946" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Economia dell'idrogeno</a> <a href="/it/research-report/hydrogen-internal-combustion-engines/1030" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Motori a combustione interna a idrogeno</a> <a href="/it/research-report/long-duration-energy-storage-market/983" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Tecnologie di accumulo di energia a lunga durata</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materiali per la produzione di idrogeno verde</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materiali per celle a combustibile PEM</a> <a href="/it/research-report/off-grid-charging-for-evs/997" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Ricarica off-grid per veicoli elettrici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/stationary-fuel-cell-markets/1037" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercati stazionari delle celle a combustibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025/1033" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Aviazione sostenibile del futuro</a> <a href="/it/reports/hydrogen/124" class="colour- colour-webtopic124 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic116_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/photonics/116" class="colour- colour-webtopic116 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Photonics</a> <a href="/it/research-report/advanced-semiconductor-packaging/1042" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Imballaggi avanzati per semiconduttori</a> <a href="/it/research-report/automotive-displays/958" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Display automobilistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/heads-up-displays/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Heads-up Display automobilistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/lidar-2024-2034/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Lidar</a> <a href="/it/research-report/metamaterials-markets/1010" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Metamateriali ottici e a radiofrequenza</a> <a href="/it/research-report/micro-led-displays/968" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Display micro-LED</a> <a href="/it/research-report/silicon-photonics-and-photonic-integrated-circuits-2025/1067" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Fotonica al silicio e circuiti integrati fotonici</a> <a href="/it/reports/photonics/116" class="colour- colour-webtopic116 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic1_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1" class="colour- colour-webtopic1 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Printed & Flexible Electronics</a> <a href="/it/research-report/flexible-and-printed-electronics/943" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Elettronica flessibile e stampata</span></a> <a href="/it/research-report/3d-electronics/1003" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Elettronica 3D/Elettronica additiva</a> <a href="/it/research-report/conductive-inks/1013" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato degli inchiostri conduttivi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electronic-skin-patches/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Cerotti elettronici per la pelle</a> <a href="/it/research-report/flexible-batteries-market/1018" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato delle batterie flessibili</a> <a href="/it/research-report/flexible-electronics-in-healthcare/731" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Elettronica flessibile nel settore sanitario</a> <a href="/it/research-report/flexible-hybrid-electronics/950" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Elettronica ibrida flessibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/in-mold-electronics-2025/1055" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Mold Electronics</a> <a href="/it/research-report/produzione-di-elettronica-stampata-2023-2033/916" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Produzione di elettronica stampata</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materiali-per-lelettronica-stampata-flessibile-2021-2031-tecnologie-applicazioni-previsioni-di-mercato/785" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materiali per l'elettronica stampata/flessibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/perovskite-photovoltaic-market-2025/1062" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato fotovoltaico in perovskite</a> <a href="/it/research-report/elettronica-stampata-e-flessibile-per-applicazioni-automobilistiche-2021-2031-tecnologie-e-mercati/806" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Elettronica stampata e flessibile per applicazioni automobilistiche</a> <a href="/it/research-report/printed-and-flexible-sensors/993" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sensori stampati e flessibili</a> <a href="/it/research-report/smart-packaging/931" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Imballaggio intelligente</a> <a href="/it/research-report/stretchable-and-conformal-electronics/636" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Elettronica estensibile e conforme</a> <a href="/it/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1" class="colour- colour-webtopic1 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic122_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/quantum-technologies/122" class="colour- colour-webtopic122 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Quantum Technologies</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-communication-market/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato della comunicazione quantistica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-computing-market-2025/1053" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato dell'informatica quantistica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-sensors-market-2025/1063" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato dei sensori quantistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-tech/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato della tecnologia quantistica</a> <a href="/it/reports/quantum-technologies/122" class="colour- colour-webtopic122 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic99_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99" class="colour- colour-webtopic99 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Robotics & Autonomy</a> <a href="/it/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones/837" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato della robotica agricola</a> <a href="/it/research-report/automotive-radar-market-2025/1061" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato dei radar automobilistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/autonomous-trucks/1016" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autocarri autonomi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/autonomous-vehicles-markets-2025/1045" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato dei veicoli autonomi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/collaborative-robots-2025/1046" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Robot collaborativi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/drone-market-and-industries/787" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato e industrie dei droni</a> <a href="/it/research-report/future-automotive-technologies/979" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Future Automotive Technologies</a> <a href="/it/research-report/in-cabin-sensing-2025-2035-tecnologie-opportunit-e-mercati/1077" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Cabin Sensing</a> <a href="/it/research-report/telecamere-a-infrarossi-ir-per-il-settore-automobilistico-2025-2035-tecnologie-opportunit-previsioni/1029" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Telecamere a infrarossi (IR) per il settore automobilistico</a> <a href="/it/research-report/lidar-2024-2034/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Lidar</a> <a href="/it/research-report/mobile-robotics-in-logistics-warehousing-and-delivery/960" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Robotica mobile nella logistica, nel magazzinaggio e nelle consegne</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-communication-market/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato della comunicazione quantistica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/roboshuttles-and-autonomous-buses/1020" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Roboshuttles e autobus autonomi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sensors-for-robotics/908" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sensori per la robotica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/service-robots/864" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Service Robots</a> <a href="/it/research-report/software-defined-vehicles/974" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Veicoli definiti dal software, auto connesse e intelligenza artificiale nelle auto</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-management-for-adas/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Gestione termica per sistemi avanzati di assistenza alla guida (ADAS)</a> <a href="/it/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99" class="colour- colour-webtopic99 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic121_menu"> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-left list-group-item-action btn-sm">Semiconductors, Computing & AI</a> <a href="/it/research-report/advanced-semiconductor-packaging/1042" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Imballaggi avanzati per semiconduttori</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ai-chips/937" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Chip AI</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ai-chips-for-edge-applications/956" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Chip di intelligenza artificiale per applicazioni edge</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ai-in-drug-discovery/818" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI in Drug Discovery 2021</a> <a href="/it/research-report/ai-in-medical-diagnostics/766" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI in Medical Diagnostics</a> <a href="/it/research-report/antenna-in-package/989" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Antenna in pacchetto (AiP) per 5G e 6G</a> <a href="/it/research-report/chiplet-technology-2025/1041" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Tecnologia Chiplet</a> <a href="/it/research-report/co-packaged-optics/1019" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Ottica co-confezionata (CPO)</a> <a href="/it/research-report/electrically-conductive-adhesives/830" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Adesivi elettricamente conduttivi</a> <a href="/it/research-report/flexible-hybrid-electronics/950" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Elettronica ibrida flessibile</a> <a href="/it/research-report/hardware-for-hpc-and-ai-2025/1058" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Hardware per HPC e AI</a> <a href="/it/research-report/in-cabin-sensing-2025-2035-tecnologie-opportunit-e-mercati/1077" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Cabin Sensing</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-and-processing-for-advanced-semiconductor-packaging/1044" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materiali e lavorazione per l'imballaggio avanzato di semiconduttori</a> <a href="/it/research-report/materials-informatics/990" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials Informatics</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-communication-market/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato della comunicazione quantistica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-computing-market-2025/1053" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mercato dell'informatica quantistica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/quantum-tech/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Mercato della tecnologia quantistica</a> <a href="/it/research-report/semiconduttori-automobilistici-2023-2033/921" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Semiconduttori automobilistici</a> <a href="/it/research-report/silicon-photonics-and-photonic-integrated-circuits-2025/1067" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Fotonica al silicio e circuiti integrati fotonici</a> <a href="/it/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-left list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> </div> </div> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:2px; margin-right:2px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/it/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-right list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> <a href="/it/research-report/sustainability-for-data-centers-2025/1064" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sostenibilità per i data center</a> <a href="/it/research-report/sustainable-electronics-and-semiconductor-manufacturing-2025/1065" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Produzione sostenibile di elettronica e semiconduttori</a> <a href="/it/research-report/thermal-management-for-5g/857" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Gestione termica 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bg-stripe">Mercato dei sensori indossabili</a> <a href="/it/reports/wearable-technology/52" class="colour- colour-webtopic52 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <section class="content maincontent"> <div class="contentholder"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="fullmain"> <div class="pre-title"></div> <nav><div class="breadcrumb-v6"><a href="/it">Home</a><a href="/it/research-reports">Research Reports</a><a href="/it/research-report/pfas-2025/1072">Sostanze per- e polifluoroalchiliche (PFAS) 2025: applicazioni emergenti, alternative, normative</a></div></nav> <div id="report-main" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <h1 class="std" itemprop="name" id="page-title">Sostanze per- e polifluoroalchiliche (PFAS) 2025: applicazioni emergenti, alternative, normative</h1> <h2 class="booksubtitle" itemprop="alternativeHeadline">Valutazione delle alternative emergenti ai PFAS in aree applicative critiche: economia dell'idrogeno, sigillatura, 5G, veicoli elettrici, imballaggi sostenibili. Analisi approfondita delle normative attuali e proposte che limitano l'uso permanente di sostanze chimiche.</h2> <div style="display:none;" class="sectionsellingpoint"></div> <div class="sectionauthors">By <a rel="author" href="https://www.idtechex.com/it/team/sona-dadhania/2719">Sona Dadhania</a>, <a rel="author" href="https://www.idtechex.com/it/team/chingis-idrissov/2887">Chingis Idrissov</a>, <a rel="author" href="https://www.idtechex.com/it/team/dr-jack-howley/3055">Dr Jack Howley</a>, <a rel="author" href="https://www.idtechex.com/it/team/dr-conor-obrien/2845">Dr Conor O'Brien</a>, <a rel="author" href="https://www.idtechex.com/it/team/dr-james-edmondson/2649">Dr James Edmondson</a> and <a rel="author" href="https://www.idtechex.com/it/team/yulin-wang/2782">Yulin Wang</a></div> <div role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true" class="toast hide" data-delay="10000" style="position: fixed; top: 10px; right: 25px;z-index:1100"> <div class="toast-header"> <i class="fa 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class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div class="sectionquote">"Forever chemicals", the colloquial term for the family of chemicals known as PFAS, is coming under increasing regulatory pressure globally as concerns over the negative effects of PFAS on human health and the environment grow. In this leading report, "PFAS 2025: Emerging Applications, Alternatives, and Regulations", IDTechEx dives deeply to explore the future trajectory of PFAS in six key emerging applications: thermal management for data centers, sustainable food packaging, electric vehicles, low-loss materials for 5G, seals and gaskets in emerging areas, and the hydrogen economy. This is accompanied by comprehensive assessment of current and proposed regulations on PFAS in eight key countries. In this report, IDTechEx leverages its technical expertise to identify potential alternatives to replace PFAS in these applications and uses industry knowledge to offer market outlooks for these alternatives.</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Introducing the "forever chemical" family - PFAS</span></div><div>PFAS stands for <span class="sectionbold">per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances </span>and refers to synthetic chemical compounds that contain multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. The broad definition of PFAS by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) encompasses nearly 5,000 unique chemicals, including PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid), PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).</div><div> </div><div>Unsurprisingly, the applications of different PFAS chemicals are nearly as broad as the chemical family itself. Depending on the specific chemical, PFAS can confer helpful properties such as oil and water repellence, thermal stability, ionic conductivity, and more, making it applicable in many important application sectors including semiconductor manufacturing, healthcare, and firefighting foams.</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Why are concerns over PFAS rising?</span></div><div>With so many PFAS and just as many applications for them, why are PFAS now coming under increased scrutiny? The colloquialism "forever chemicals" hints to a key issue for PFAS: its persistence in humans and the environment. Not only are PFAS persistent, but they can also be found in many environments, even isolated areas; as such, there is increased exposure to PFAS through many sources. Now, scientific evidence is growing that, depending on different factors, continued exposure to specific PFAS may lead to negative health effects, such as increased risk of cancer, developmental delays, and hormonal issues (per the US Environmental Protection Agency and the OECD).</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold"><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/E3/B4.png?w=1200&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/E3/B4.png?w=1200&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" alt="PFAS alternatives, Emerging applications for PFAS, PFAS regulations, Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS), PFAS emerging markets" data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/E3/B4.png" width="1200">A new regulatory landscape changing the trajectory of PFAS</span></div><div>With growing concerns over the impact of PFAS on human health and the environment, there are pushes for increased regulations on the use of certain groups of PFAS. Individual countries have taken different approaches on PFAS; on the least-restricted end are countries with no regulations on PFAS, while the heaviest level of regulation would be the countries considering universal PFAS restrictions in all applications. This report considers the regulations on PFAS in eight different economically relevant regions, including the European Union, the USA, China, Japan, and more.</div><div> </div><div>Several important regions in the global economy are considering or adopting universal PFAS restrictions, including the European Union (which introduced its universal PFAS restriction proposal in 2023) and the US states of Maine and Minnesota. With such a complicated landscape of PFAS regulations potentially developing worldwide, it is essential for businesses to understand existing and proposed regulations for PFAS to understand its potential effect on them. This report provides a comprehensive overview of international and national legislation impacting the use of PFAS in different applications, highlighting potential new regulations with broad and far-reaching implications.</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Alternatives for PFAS in emerging high-tech applications: a critical consideration</span></div><div>Similarly, with such broad legislation impacting PFAS in countless different applications, it's essential for businesses to consider potential alternatives for PFAS.</div><div> </div><div>Heavy regulations on PFAS would be particularly impactful in emerging high-tech applications. In these less-established markets, PFAS can sometimes act as key technology enablers. PFAS could be used as membranes in fuel cells, as coolants for immersion cooling in data centers, as insulating materials in high voltage cables, or as moisture-repelling coatings in molded fiber packaging. Therefore, identifying replacements for PFAS in those applications will be important for the future growth of those emerging areas.</div><div> </div><div>For businesses manufacturing or using PFAS in high-tech fields, this report not only identifies the specific impact of different PFAS regulations in key emerging application areas, but it also identifies potential alternatives for PFAS in these areas. Covering a broad range of growing yet critical future markets, the six main emerging technology areas analyzed in this report are:</div><ul><li>Membranes in the hydrogen economy</li><li>Thermal management for data centers</li><li>Electric vehicles</li><li>Low-loss materials for 5G</li><li>Sustainable food packaging</li><li>Seals and gaskets in high-tech applications</li></ul><div> </div><div>Drawing on IDTechEx's technical expertise and industry knowledge, this report highlights the key material alternatives that could potentially replace PFAS in these emerging applications. These alternatives may be at different stages of technology readiness and market maturity, so IDTechEx analyzes their status, suppliers, advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and challenges to provide a critical assessment of these non-PFAS alternatives' market potential. Readers of this report will not only gain a clear understanding of how future PFAS regulations may impact nascent high-tech industries but also what commercial and developing alternative materials are available to replace PFAS in these industries. With the information and analysis provided by IDTechEx in this new report, readers connected with emerging technologies will be well-versed on PFAS, its potential regulatory shifts, and future materials to replace PFAS in their fields.</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Key questions answered in this report:</span></div><ul><li>What are PFAS?</li><li>What are common PFAS and how are they regulated?</li><li>What are international regulations on PFAS?</li><li>How are PFAS regulated in the USA, EU, China, Japan, India, and more?</li><li>Why are there increasing regulations on PFAS?</li><li>How will universal PFAS restrictions impact future usage of PFAS?</li><li>What are the five key emerging technology areas utilizing PFAS and how are they utilizing them?</li><li>How will universal PFAS restrictions impact PFAS in emerging applications?</li><li>Are there alternatives for PFAS in these high-tech industries?</li><li>What is the technology readiness and market penetration for these PFAS alternatives?</li><li>Which companies and startups are supplying these alternatives?</li><li>What is the market outlook for different PFAS alternatives in different industries?</li></ul></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="sectionheading">Analyst access from IDTechEx</div> <div class="sectioncontent"> <div>All report purchases include up to 30 minutes telephone time with an expert analyst who will help you link key findings in the report to the business issues you're addressing. This needs to be used within three months of purchasing the report.</div> </div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="sectionheading">Further information</div> <div class="sectioncontent"> <div>If you have any questions about this report, please do not hesitate to contact our report team at <a href="mailto:research@IDTechEx.com">research@IDTechEx.com</a> or call one of our sales managers:<br></div> <div><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">AMERICAS (USA)</span>: <a href="tel:+1-617-577-7890">+1 617 577 7890</a><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">ASIA (Japan):</span> <a href="tel:+81-3-3216-7209">+81 3 3216 7209</a><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">ASIA:</span> <a href="tel:+82-10-3896-6219">+82 10 3896 6219</a></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">EUROPE (UK)</span> <a href="tel:+44-1223-812300">+44 1223 812300</a><br></div> </div> <div class="clr"></div> </div> <div class="order-mid"> <input type="hidden" class="samplepages" id="samplepages" 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style="color:white !important;background-color:#577cbb !important"><span>Download Sample Pages<span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding:10px 0px;"></div> </div> <div class="report-contents"> <div id="accordion"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header"> <a class="card-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseOne" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sectionheading"><span id="collapse-icon" class="fa fa-caret-right"></span>  Table of Contents</div> </a> </div> <div id="collapseOne" class="collapse"> <div class="card-body"> <table style="margin-left:10px"> <tr><td class="tocsection1">1.</td><td class="tocname1">EXECUTIVE SUMMARY</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction to PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Established application areas for PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Overview of PFAS: segmented by non-polymers vs polymers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Growing concerns about the negative impact of PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.5.</td><td class="tocname2">A spectrum of PFAS regulations exists globally</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Summary of international and national regulations on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Common PFAS and their level of regulation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Potential universal PFAS restrictions prompting a search for alternatives</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Current status of the EU REACH PFAS restriction proposal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Key updates for the EU REACH PFAS restriction proposal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Emerging application areas for PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Potential impacts of PFAS regulations on emerging application areas</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.13.</td><td class="tocname2">PFAS in ion exchange membranes (IEMs)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.14.</td><td class="tocname2">PFAS in IEMs: outlook by application</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.15.</td><td class="tocname2">PFAS in thermal management for data centers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.16.</td><td class="tocname2">PFAS in electric vehicles (EVs)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.17.</td><td class="tocname2">PFAS in low-loss materials for 5G</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.18.</td><td class="tocname2">PFAS in sustainable food packaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.19.</td><td class="tocname2">PFAS in seals and gaskets for high-tech applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Readiness level of PFAS alternatives in emerging applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Summary and conclusions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.22.</td><td class="tocname2">IDTechEx's PFAS Research Portfolio</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">2.</td><td class="tocname1">INTRODUCTION TO PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction to PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.2.</td><td class="tocname2">PFAS chemicals segmented by non-polymers vs polymers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Non-polymeric PFAS segmented by type</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Selected application areas for PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Examples of industrial applications for PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Usage of PFAS by sector in the EU</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Summary of common PFAS discussed in this report</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">3.</td><td class="tocname1">REGULATIONS ON PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction to Regulatory Approaches for PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Essential-use approach: a shift in regulating chemicals?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Essential-use approach: a shift in regulating chemicals?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">A spectrum of PFAS regulations exists globally</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Summary of international and national regulations on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.2.</td><td class="tocname2">International Regulations on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Global regulation: Stockholm Convention</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Global regulation: Stockholm Convention as relevant to PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Global regulation: Stockholm Convention as relevant to PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.3.</td><td class="tocname2">EU Regulations on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: three primary methods of regulating PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: the POPs Regulation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: substances of very high concern under REACH</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: PFAS being evaluated under REACH for the substances of very high concern list</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: PFAS previously evaluated under REACH for the substances of very high concern list (part 1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: PFAS previously evaluated under REACH for the substances of very high concern list (part 2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: PFAS polymers and REACH registration</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: substances restricted under Annex XVII of REACH</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.9.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: proposed and new PFAS restrictions under Annex XVII of REACH</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.10.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: introduction of the universal PFAS restriction proposal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.11.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: contents of the EU REACH PFAS restriction proposal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.12.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: contents of the EU REACH PFAS restriction proposal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.13.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: contents of the EU REACH PFAS restriction proposal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.14.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: contents of the EU REACH PFAS restriction proposal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.15.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: contents of the EU REACH PFAS restriction proposal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.16.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: contents of the EU REACH PFAS restriction proposal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.17.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: comments on the EU REACH PFAS restriction proposal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.18.</td><td class="tocname3">EU regulations: comments on the EU REACH PFAS restriction proposal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.19.</td><td class="tocname3">EU PFAS restriction proposal: revision process</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.20.</td><td class="tocname3">EU PFAS restriction proposal: RAC/SEAC meetings on PFAS in various sectors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.21.</td><td class="tocname3">EU PFAS restriction proposal: potential timeline of adoption</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.22.</td><td class="tocname3">EU PFAS restriction proposal progress updates: fluoropolymers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.23.</td><td class="tocname3">EU PFAS restriction proposal progress updates: new applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.24.</td><td class="tocname3">EU PFAS restriction proposal progress updates: alternative restriction options</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.25.</td><td class="tocname3">EU PFAS restriction proposal progress updates: key quotes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.26.</td><td class="tocname3">EU PFAS restriction proposal progress updates: time-limited exemptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.27.</td><td class="tocname3">EU: PFAS bans in consumer products and packaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.28.</td><td class="tocname3">EU: F-gas regulation vs the universal PFAS restriction proposal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.29.</td><td class="tocname3">List of fluorinated gases included in the universal PFAS restriction proposal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.4.</td><td class="tocname2">USA Regulations on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">USA regulations: introduction to federal regulations on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">USA regulations: Significant New Use Rules (SNURs) on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">USA regulations: the TSCA's New Chemicals Program</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.4.</td><td class="tocname3">USA regulations: other national-level regulations on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.5.</td><td class="tocname3">USA regulations: proposed legislation on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.6.</td><td class="tocname3">USA regulations: state regulations on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Regulations in Asia-Pacific Countries on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.1.</td><td class="tocname3">China regulations on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Japan regulations on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Japan regulations on PFAS: exempted uses</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Taiwan regulations on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.5.</td><td class="tocname3">South Korea regulations on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.6.</td><td class="tocname3">India regulations on PFAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">4.</td><td class="tocname1">PFAS IN ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction to Ion Exchange Membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Ion exchange membranes and ion exchange resins</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Types of ion exchange materials and their applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Ion exchange material technology overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Established ion exchange markets and applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Role of ion exchange materials in established markets</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Emerging ion exchange applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Proton Exchange Membranes in Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.8.</td><td class="tocname3">PFAS in the hydrogen value chain</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Overview of PEM electrolyzers & fuel cells</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Proton exchange membrane - historical context & materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Functions of the PEM</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.12.</td><td class="tocname3">PEM fuel cell vs electrolyzer membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Water management for the PEM</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.14.</td><td class="tocname3">MEA & CCM overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.15.</td><td class="tocname3">MEA functions & requirements</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.16.</td><td class="tocname3">Typical catalyst coated membrane (CCM)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.17.</td><td class="tocname3">Summary for PEMs in electrolyzers & fuel cells</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Proton Exchange Membranes in Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Ion exchange membranes in redox flow batteries (RFBs): Summary and key takeaways</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Ion exchange membranes in redox flow batteries: Introduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Ion exchange membranes in redox flow batteries: Overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">IEM materials contribute significantly to overall RFB stack cost</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Overview of redox flow battery chemistries and IEM requirements</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Evaluation of redox flow battery technologies and commercial maturity</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">IEM material innovation areas in RFBs (I)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.8.</td><td class="tocname3">IEM material innovation areas in RFBs (II)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Impact of potential ban on PFAS materials on RFB market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Ion Exchange Membranes in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">IEMs in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS): Overview and key takeaways</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Direct Air Capture Technology Landscape</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">IEMs in electrochemical direct air capture technologies (I)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">IEMs in electrochemical direct air capture technologies (II)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Roles of electrodialysis in direct ocean capture (DOC)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">IEMs in CO2 electrolysers for utilization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Formic acid production from CO2</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">ePTFE reinforced AEMs used in integrated carbon capture and utilization system</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Manufacturing PFSA Membranes & CCMs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">PFSA membrane extrusion casting process</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Improving dimensional and mechanical stability using simultaneous stretching</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">PFSA membrane solution casting process</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.4.</td><td class="tocname3">PFSA membrane dispersion casting process</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.5.</td><td class="tocname3">CCM production technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Example of continuous (R2R) process using decal transfer & slot-die coating</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Examples of PFSA resin suppliers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Alternatives to PFAS in catalyst coated membranes: an area of need</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Proton Exchange Membrane Materials & Suppliers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Chemical structure of PFSA membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Important material parameters to consider for the membrane</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Membrane degradation processes overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Overview of PFSA membranes & key players</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Market leading membrane material: Nafion</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Nafion properties & grades</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Pros & cons of Nafion & PFSA membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Competing membrane materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Property benchmarking of membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Gore manufacture MEAs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Ion exchange membranes in RFBs: Membrane manufacturers (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Ion exchange membranes in RFBs: Membrane manufacturers (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Ion exchange membranes in RFBs: Membrane manufacturers (3)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Innovations in PFSA Membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.6.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Improvements to PFSA membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.6.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Trade-offs in optimizing membrane performance</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.6.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Gore reinforced SELECT membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.6.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Chemours reinforced Nafion membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.6.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Chemours gas recombination catalyst additive research</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Non-PFAS Alternative for Proton Exchange Membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.1.</td><td class="tocname3">PFAS regulations necessitate development of alternatives</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Emerging alternative membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Alternative polymer materials for hydrogen applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Innovations in PEMFC membranes may influence PEMEL (1/2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Innovations in PEMFC membranes may influence PEMEL (2/2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.6.</td><td class="tocname3">1s1 Energy - boron-containing membrane</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Hydrocarbons as PEM fuel cell membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Assessment of hydrocarbon membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Ionomr Innovations' hydrocarbon membrane</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Orion polymer's hydrocarbon membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Other companies exploring PFAS-free proton exchange membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Metal-organic frameworks</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Metal-organic frameworks for membranes: academic research</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.14.</td><td class="tocname3">MOF composite membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Graphene in the membrane</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.16.</td><td class="tocname3">Alternative materials for RFB membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.17.</td><td class="tocname3">Outlook for Proton Exchange Membranes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">5.</td><td class="tocname1">PFAS IN THERMAL MANAGEMENT FOR DATA CENTERS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Thermal management needs for data centers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Trend of thermal design power (TDP) of GPUs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Overview of cooling methods for data centers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Cooling technology comparison (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Cooling technology comparison (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Coolant comparison</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Liquid cooling - direct-to-chip/cold plate and immersion cooling</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Liquid cooling - single-phase and two-phase</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Comparison of liquid cooling technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Coolant fluid comparison</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Passive two-phase cooling cold plate supplier: Tyson</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Two phase immersion cooling use case: Microsoft</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.13.</td><td class="tocname2">A potential decline in fluorinated chemicals may impact two-phase cooling</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Two-phase immersion cooling - phase out before starting to take off?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Roadmap of two-phase immersion cooling</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Roadmap of single-phase immersion cooling</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.17.</td><td class="tocname2">Immersion coolant liquid suppliers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.18.</td><td class="tocname2">Comparison: immersion fluid costs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.19.</td><td class="tocname2">What is the roadmap for coolants used in two-phase cooling for data centers?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Summary: coolant liquids for data centers and PFAS regulations</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">6.</td><td class="tocname1">PFAS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Overview of PFAS in Electric Vehicles</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Application areas for PFAS in electric vehicles</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.2.</td><td class="tocname2">PFAS in High-Voltage Cables for EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">EV Drivetrain components</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">High voltage connections in an EV</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">High voltage cable insulation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Operating temperature benchmark</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Cable insulation resistance benchmark</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Summary of PFAS in high-voltage cables for electric vehicles</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.3.</td><td class="tocname2">PFAS-Based Refrigerants for EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Thermal system architecture of electric vehicles</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Coolant fluids in EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">What is different about fluids used for EVs?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Refrigerant for EVs: previous trends</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Regulations may impact future refrigerant trends for EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Future refrigerants for EVs: comparison of alternatives</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">PFAS-free refrigerants: R744 and R290</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Performance in heat pumps: R744 vs R1234yf</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Performance in heat pumps: R744 and R290</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Hyundai and SK partner for PFAS-free next gen refrigerants</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Refrigerant content in EV models</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.12.</td><td class="tocname3">PFAS Ban - Future Trend in Europe</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Suppliers of PFAS-free coolants and refrigerants for EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.4.</td><td class="tocname2">PFAS in Immersion Cooling for Li-ion Batteries in EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Immersion cooling in EVs: introduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Single-phase vs two-phase cooling</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Immersion cooling fluids requirements</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Immersion cooling architecture</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Players: immersion fluids for EVs (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Players: immersion fluids for EVs (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Players: immersion fluids for EVs (3)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Immersion fluids: density and thermal conductivity</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Immersion fluids: operating temperature</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Immersion fluids: thermal conductivity and specific heat</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Immersion fluids: viscosity</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Immersion fluids: breakdown voltage</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Immersion fluids: costs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Immersion fluids: summary</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.15.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT analysis of immersion cooling for EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.16.</td><td class="tocname3">IDTechEx outlook of immersion cooling for EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.17.</td><td class="tocname3">Outlook for PFAS-based coolants in immersion cooling for EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">7.</td><td class="tocname1">PFAS IN LOW-LOSS MATERIALS FOR 5G</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.1.</td><td class="tocname2">5G, next generation cellular communications network</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Two types of 5G: Sub-6 GHz and mmWave</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.3.</td><td class="tocname2">New opportunities for low-loss materials in mmWave 5G</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Landscape of low-loss materials for 5G</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Evolution of organic PCB materials for 5G</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Benchmark of commercial low-loss organic laminates @ 10 GHz</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Key properties of PTFE to consider for 5G applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Challenges of using PTFE-based laminates for high frequency 5G</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Key applications of PTFE in 5G</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Regulations on PFAS as relevant to low-loss materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Potential alternatives to PFAS for low-loss applications in 5G</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Benchmarking of commercial low-loss materials for 5G applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Landscape of key low-loss materials suppliers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Liquid crystal polymers (LCP)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Poly(p-phenylene ether) (PPE)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.17.</td><td class="tocname2">Hydrocarbon-based laminates</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.18.</td><td class="tocname2">Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Benchmark of LTCC materials for 5G</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Glass substrate</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Benchmark of various glass substrates</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.22.</td><td class="tocname2">Status and outlook of commercial low-loss materials for 5G PCBs/components</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">8.</td><td class="tocname1">PFAS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD PACKAGING</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Sustainable packaging alternatives to single-use plastics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction to molded fiber for sustainable packaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Molded non-wood plant fiber for sustainable packaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Molded non-wood plant fiber for sustainable packaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Molded fiber for sustainable food packaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Challenges for molded fiber for sustainable packaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Recycled paper for sustainable packaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.8.</td><td class="tocname2">PFAS in food packaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Increasing regulatory scrutiny on PFAS in food packaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Overview of alternatives to PFAS in sustainable food-packaging applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Solenis: supplier of PFAS-free coatings for food packaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction to cellulose and nanocellulose</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Forms of nanocellulose</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Nanocellulose for packaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Innovations for recycled paper packaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Summary of alternatives to PFAS coatings in sustainable food packaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">9.</td><td class="tocname1">PFAS IN SEALS AND GASKETS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction to Sealing Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Introduction to seals & gaskets</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Industries & applications that require sealing</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Common materials utilized for sealing applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Fluoropolymers in the polymer pyramid</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Dominance of PTFE & fluoroelastomers in sealing applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Established application example - pipelines</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Established application example - pipelines</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Sealing Materials for Emerging Applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Sealing for the hydrogen value chain</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Sealing for the hydrogen value chain</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Sealing for the hydrogen value chain</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Sealing for the hydrogen value chain</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Electrolyzer gasket materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Electrolyzer gasket materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Gasket material selection</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Gasket material selection</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Application example 2 - hydrogen value chain</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.10.</td><td class="tocname3">European Sealing Association (ESA) opinions on PFAS bans</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Potential impact of PFAS bans on fugitive emissions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Seals and gaskets supply chain overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Seals and gaskets supply chain: selected companies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Materials suppliers for seals and gaskets: non-PFAS and PFAS materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Materials suppliers for seals and gaskets (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.16.</td><td class="tocname3">Materials suppliers for seals and gaskets (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.17.</td><td class="tocname3">Potential PFAS-free alternatives for sealing applications in the hydrogen sector</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.18.</td><td class="tocname3">Potential for PFAS-free alternatives for sealing applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.19.</td><td class="tocname3">Trends towards liquid sealants supports non-PFAS sealing materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.20.</td><td class="tocname3">Cure mechanisms for liquid sealants</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.21.</td><td class="tocname3">Key materials and players for liquid sealants</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Case Studies for PFAS Alternatives for Sealing</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">DuPont - PI for hydrogen sealing</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">WEVO-CHEMIE - liquid sealants</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Syensqo's alternatives to fluoropolymers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Omniseal Solutions - variety of PFAS alternatives</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Freudenberg Sealing Technologies - view on regulations</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Freudenberg Sealing Technologies - new PU material</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">SGL Carbon - graphite sealants</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Metallic gaskets as PFAS alternatives</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.3.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Summary and conclusions - PFAS alternatives for seals and gaskets</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">10.</td><td class="tocname1">COMPANY PROFILES</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.1.</td><td class="tocname2">1s1 Energy</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Ateios</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Elkem Silicones</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Enapter</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Enapter</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Engineered Fluids</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.7.</td><td class="tocname2">EnPro Industries (PTFE materials for 5G and satellite communication)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.8.</td><td class="tocname2">FUCHS: Dielectric Immersion Fluids for EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Fumatech</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Ionomr Innovations (2022)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Ionomr Innovations (2024)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Kyocera: 5G Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.13.</td><td class="tocname2">M&I Materials and Faraday Future: Immersion Cooling</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Nanoramic Laboratories</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.15.</td><td class="tocname2">NovoMOF</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Orion Polymer</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.17.</td><td class="tocname2">Panasonic: 5G Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.18.</td><td class="tocname2">Shenzhen HFC</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Showa Denko Group: 5G Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Solvay Specialty Polymers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Weidmann Fiber Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.22.</td><td class="tocname2">WEVO-CHEMIE: Hydrogen & RFB Applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.23.</td><td class="tocname2">XING Mobility: Castrol and HKS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.24.</td><td class="tocname2">XING Mobility: Immersion-Cooled Batteries</td></tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> <div class="report-orderinfo"> <h2 class="sectionheading ordering-information">Ordering Information</h2> <h2>Sostanze per- e polifluoroalchiliche (PFAS) 2025: applicazioni emergenti, alternative, normative</h2> <div class="prices-wrapper ajaxrep" data-name="prices" data-publicationid="1072"> <div class="price-container"><div class="tabs"><span class="tab-GBP" data-curcode="GBP">£</span><span class="tab-EUR" data-curcode="EUR">€</span><span class="tab-USD" data-curcode="USD">$</span><span class="tab-CNY" data-curcode="CNY">元</span><span class="tab-JPY" 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