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<li id="toc-Beginnings_and_founding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginnings_and_founding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Beginnings and founding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginnings_and_founding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liu_Bei's_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liu_Bei's_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Liu Bei's reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liu_Bei's_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liu_Shan's_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liu_Shan's_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Liu Shan's reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liu_Shan's_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fall_of_Shu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fall_of_Shu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Fall of Shu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fall_of_Shu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of territories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_emperors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_emperors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of emperors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_emperors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shu Han</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مملكة شو هان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مملكة شو هان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eu_(%C3%A7arl%C4%B1q)" title="Şu (çarlıq) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şu (çarlıq)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88_(%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82)" title="شو (چارلیق) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شو (چارلیق)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sio%CC%8Dk_H%C3%A0n" title="Sio̍k Hàn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sio̍k Hàn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%83" title="Царства Шу – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Царства Шу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Шу Хан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шу Хан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Shu Han" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shu Han" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shu Han" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_(reino)" title="Shu (reino) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shu (reino)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cu" title="Ŝu – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝu" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%88" title="دودمان شو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دودمان شو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_de_Shu" title="Royaume de Shu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royaume de Shu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BBk_Hon" title="Chûk Hon – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chûk Hon" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%89%ED%95%9C" title="촉한 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="촉한" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8)" title="शु हान राज्य (प्राचीन चीन) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शु हान राज्य (प्राचीन चीन)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Shu Han" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shu Han" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_Shu" title="Regno Shu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regno Shu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Shu Han" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k-h%C3%A1ng" title="Sṳ̆k-háng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sṳ̆k-háng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Шу Хань улс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шу Хань улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA" title="ရှုဟန့် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှုဟန့်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koninkrijk_Shu" title="Koninkrijk Shu – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koninkrijk Shu" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%80%E6%BC%A2" title="蜀漢 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蜀漢" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shu Han" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%81_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਸ਼ੁ ਹਾਨ ਰਾਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ੁ ਹਾਨ ਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Shu Han" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Shu" title="Reino de Shu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reino de Shu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shu Han" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83_(%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Шу (царство) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шу (царство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ෂු හන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ෂු හන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0u_Han" title="Šu Han – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šu Han" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%88_%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شوو ھان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شوو ھان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Шу Хан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шу Хан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Shu Han" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_Han_-kuningaskunta" title="Shu Han -kuningaskunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shu Han -kuningaskunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shu Han" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%81" title="จ๊กก๊ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จ๊กก๊ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Shu Han" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%83" title="Династія Шу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Династія Шу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A5c_H%C3%A1n" title="Thục Hán – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thục Hán" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%80%E6%B1%89" title="蜀汉 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蜀汉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B)" title="漢 (三國) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="漢 (三國)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%80%E6%B1%89" title="蜀汉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Empire in China from 221 to 263; one of the Three Kingdoms</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Shuhan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Shuhan (disambiguation)">Shuhan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Han_shu" class="mw-redirect" title="Han shu">Han shu</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) 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.infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Han</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">漢</span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">May 221–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>Dec 263</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Kingdoms.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The territories of Shu Han (in light pink), as of 262 A.D."><img alt="The territories of Shu Han (in light pink), as of 262 A.D." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Three_Kingdoms.png/250px-Three_Kingdoms.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Three_Kingdoms.png/375px-Three_Kingdoms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Three_Kingdoms.png/500px-Three_Kingdoms.png 2x" data-file-width="1288" data-file-height="912" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The territories of Shu Han (in light pink), as of 262 A.D.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu Chinese</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_Chinese" title="Eastern Han Chinese">Eastern Han Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">Emperor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 221 – 223 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei" title="Liu Bei">Liu Bei</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 223 – 263 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shan" title="Liu Shan">Liu Shan</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">May 221</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Shu_by_Wei" title="Conquest of Shu by Wei">Conquest of Shu by Wei</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>Dec 263</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 221<sup id="cite_ref-zou_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">900,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 263<sup id="cite_ref-zou_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,082,000</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_coinage" title="Ancient Chinese coinage">Ancient Chinese coinage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cash_(Chinese_coin)" title="Cash (Chinese coin)">Chinese cash</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty#Eastern_Han" title="Han dynasty">Eastern Han</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Shu Han</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%9C%80%E6%BC%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:蜀漢">蜀漢</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%9C%80%E6%B1%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:蜀汉">蜀汉</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shǔ Hàn</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shǔ Hàn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;">ㄕㄨˇ   ㄏㄢˋ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shuu Hann</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shu<sup>3</sup> Han<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shǔ Hàn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂù xân]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Suhk Hon</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Suk6 Hon3</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[sʊk̚˨ hɔn˧]</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="background:#FFEECC;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_China" title="Category:History of China">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage mw-no-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China"><img alt="History of China in Chinese characters and seal script" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading.svg/200px-%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading.svg/300px-%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading.svg/400px-%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="121" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_history" title="Timeline of Chinese history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_China" title="Dynasties of China">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_historiography" title="Chinese historiography">Historiography</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;border-top: 1px solid #666;border-bottom: 1px solid #666;color: #000 !important;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_China" title="Prehistory of China">Prehistoric</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background: #f0faff; text-align: left"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paleolithic_sites_in_China" title="List of Paleolithic sites in China">Paleolithic</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neolithic_cultures_of_China" title="List of Neolithic cultures of China">Neolithic</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 8500</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2000 BCE</span>)</span></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_civilization" title="Yellow River civilization">Yellow</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_civilization" title="Yangtze civilization">Yangtze</a></b>, and <b><a href="/wiki/Liao_civilization" title="Liao civilization">Liao civilization</a></b></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;border-top: 1px solid #666;border-bottom: 1px solid #666;color: #000 !important;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient China">Ancient</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background: #eeffe8; text-align: left"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2070</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1600 BCE</span>)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1600</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1046 BCE</span>)</span></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Late_Shang" title="Late Shang">Late Shang</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1250</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1046</span> BCE)</span></dd></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1046</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 256 BCE</span>)</span></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou" title="Western Zhou">Western Zhou</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1046–771 BCE)</span></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zhou" title="Eastern Zhou">Eastern Zhou</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(771–256 BCE)</span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn</a> <span class="nowrap">(<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 770</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 476 BCE</span>)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States</a> <span class="nowrap">(475–221 BCE)</span></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;border-top: 1px solid #666;border-bottom: 1px solid #666;color: #000 !important;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial China">Imperial</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background: #fffde9; text-align: left"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #fffde9; text-align: left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(221–207 BCE)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(206 BCE – 220 CE)</span></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Chu%E2%80%93Han_Contention" title="Chu–Han Contention">Chu–Han Contention</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(206–202 BCE)</span></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty#Western_Han" title="Han dynasty">Western Han</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(202 BCE – 9 CE)</span></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Xin_dynasty" title="Xin dynasty">Xin</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(9–23 CE)</span></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty#Eastern_Han" title="Han dynasty">Eastern Han</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(25–220 CE)</span></dd></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(220–280 CE)</span></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei</a></b>, <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shu</a></b>, and <b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Wu</a></b></dd></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(266–420)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;background: #fffde9; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)#Western_Jin_(266–316)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Western Jin</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(266–316)</span></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)#Eastern_Jin_(317–420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Eastern Jin</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(317–420)</span></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><br /></li> <li><br /></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(304–439)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <hr /> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #fffde9; text-align: left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties" title="Northern and Southern dynasties">Northern and<br />Southern dynasties</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(420–589)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(581–618)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(618–907)</span> <ul><li><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhou" title="Wu Zhou">Wu Zhou</a> <span class="nowrap">(690–705)</span></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <hr /> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;background: #fffde9; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and<br />Ten Kingdoms</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(907–979)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(960–1279)</span></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty#Northern_Song,_960–1127" title="Song dynasty">Northern Song</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(960–1127)</span></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty#Southern_Song,_1127–1279" title="Song dynasty">Southern Song</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1127–1279)</span></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><br /></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(916–1125)</span></li> <li><br /></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1038–1227)</span></li> <li><br /></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1115–1234)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <hr /> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #fffde9; text-align: left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1271–1368)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1368–1644)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1644–1912)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;border-top: 1px solid #666;border-bottom: 1px solid #666;color: #000 !important;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Modern_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern China">Modern</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background: #fff0f6; text-align: left"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(mainland, 1912–1949)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;background: #fff0f6; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic<br />of China</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1949–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(Taiwan,<br />1949–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;border-top: 1px solid #666;border-bottom: 1px solid #666;color: #000 !important;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related articles</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_art#History_and_development" title="Chinese art">Art history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China" title="Economic history of China">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_China" title="History of education in China">Education history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_China" title="Legal history of China">Legal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in China">LGBT history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_history_of_China" title="Media history of China">Media history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_China#History" title="Music of China">Music history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_music" title="Timeline of Chinese music">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_China_before_1912" title="Military history of China before 1912">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_China" title="Naval history of China">Naval history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion_in_China" title="History of religion in China">History of religion in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Christianity in China">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_China" title="History of Islam in China">Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_China" title="History of science and technology in China">Science and technology history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_archaeology" title="History of Chinese archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartography_of_China" title="Cartography of China">Cartography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_discoveries" title="List of Chinese discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_inventions" title="List of Chinese inventions">Inventions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_transport_in_China" title="History of transport in China">Transport history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_ancient_and_imperial_China" title="Women in ancient and imperial China">Women's history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_China" title="Template:History of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_China" title="Template talk:History of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Han</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">漢</span></span>; 221–263), known in historiography as <b>Shu Han</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">蜀漢</span></span> <span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂù xân]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/09\/Shu_Han.ogg\/Shu_Han.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Shu Han.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/Shu_Han.ogg/Shu_Han.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Shu_Han.ogg" title="File:Shu Han.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) or <b>Ji Han</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">季漢</span></span> "Junior Han"),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or often shortened to <b>Shu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">蜀</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shǔ</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_Pinyin" title="Sichuanese Pinyin">Sichuanese Pinyin</a>: <i>Su<sup>2</sup></i> < <a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a>: *<i>źjowk</i> < <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_Chinese" title="Eastern Han Chinese">Eastern Han Chinese</a>: *<i>dźok</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), was a <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_in_Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasties in Chinese history">dynastic state of China</a> and one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period. The state was based in the area around present-day <a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>, and north <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>, an area historically referred to as "Shu" based on the name of the past <a href="/wiki/Shu_(kingdom)" title="Shu (kingdom)">ancient kingdom of Shu</a>, which also occupied this approximate geographical area. Its core territory also coincided with <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozu_of_Han" title="Emperor Gaozu of Han">Liu Bang's</a> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozu_of_Han#King_of_Han" title="Emperor Gaozu of Han">Kingdom of Han</a>, the precursor of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>. </p><p>Shu Han's founder, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei" title="Liu Bei">Liu Bei</a> (Emperor Zhaolie), had named his dynasty "Han", as he considered it a <a href="/wiki/Rump_state" title="Rump state">rump state</a> of the Han dynasty and thus the legitimate successor to the Han throne, while the prefix "Shu" was first used by the rival state of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a> to delegitimize the claims of the Shu Han state to orthodox succession.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on when writing the <a href="/wiki/Records_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Records of the Three Kingdoms">Records of the Three Kingdoms</a>, the historian, <a href="/wiki/Chen_Shou" title="Chen Shou">Chen Shou</a>, also used the prefix "Shu" to describe Liu Bei's state of Han as a historiographical prefix to differentiate it from the many other states officially named "<a href="/wiki/Han_(disambiguation)#Former_states" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Han (disambiguation)">Han</a>" throughout Chinese history.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_Han&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginnings_and_founding">Beginnings and founding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_Han&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Beginnings and founding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/End_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="End of the Han dynasty">End of the Han dynasty</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei%27s_takeover_of_Yi_Province" title="Liu Bei's takeover of Yi Province">Liu Bei's takeover of Yi Province</a></div> <p>Towards the end of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han dynasty">Eastern Han dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei" title="Liu Bei">Liu Bei</a>, a warlord and distant relative of the Han imperial clan, rallied the support of many capable followers. Following the counsel of his advisor, <a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Liang" title="Zhuge Liang">Zhuge Liang</a>, and Zhuge's <a href="/wiki/Longzhong_Plan" title="Longzhong Plan">Longzhong Plan</a>, Liu Bei conquered parts of <a href="/wiki/Jingzhou_(ancient_China)" title="Jingzhou (ancient China)">Jing Province</a> (covering present-day <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a>) in 208 and 209, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei%27s_takeover_of_Yi_Province" title="Liu Bei's takeover of Yi Province">took over</a> <a href="/wiki/Yi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi Province">Yi Province</a> (covering present-day <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>) from the warlord <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhang_(warlord)" title="Liu Zhang (warlord)">Liu Zhang</a> between 212 and 214, and wrestled control of <a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a> from his rival, <a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a>, in 219. Afterwards, Liu Bei proclaimed himself <a href="/wiki/Hanzhong_Campaign" title="Hanzhong Campaign">King of Hanzhong</a>. </p><p>From the territories he gained, Liu Bei established a position for himself in China during the final years of the Han dynasty. However, in 219, the alliance between Liu Bei and his ally, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Quan" title="Sun Quan">Sun Quan</a>, was broken when Sun sent his general, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Meng" title="Lü Meng">Lü Meng</a>, to <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Meng%27s_invasion_of_Jing_Province" title="Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province">invade Jing Province</a>. Liu Bei lost his territories in Jing Province to Sun Quan. <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guan Yu</a>, the general guarding Liu Bei's assets in Jing Province, was captured and subsequently executed by Sun Quan's forces. </p><p>Cao Cao died in 220, and was succeeded by his son, <a href="/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi">Cao Pi</a>, who forced the last Han ruler, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han" title="Emperor Xian of Han">Emperor Xian</a>, to abdicate the throne in his favour. Cao Pi then established the state of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a>, and declared himself emperor. Liu Bei contested Cao Pi's claim to the throne, and proclaimed himself "Emperor of Han" in 221. Although Liu Bei is widely seen as the founder of Shu Han, he never claimed to be the founder of a new dynasty; rather, he viewed Shu Han as a continuation of the Han dynasty. </p><p>To distinguish the state from other historical Chinese states of the same name, historians have added a relevant character to the state's original name: the state that called itself "Han" (漢) is also known as "Shu Han" (蜀漢) or just "Shu" (蜀). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liu_Bei's_reign"><span id="Liu_Bei.27s_reign"></span>Liu Bei's reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_Han&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Liu Bei's reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xiaoting" title="Battle of Xiaoting">Battle of Xiaoting</a></div> <p>Liu Bei ruled as emperor for less than three years. In 222, he launched a campaign against <a href="/wiki/Sun_Quan" title="Sun Quan">Sun Quan</a> to retake <a href="/wiki/Jingzhou_(ancient_China)" title="Jingzhou (ancient China)">Jing Province</a> and avenge <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guan Yu</a>, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xiaoting" title="Battle of Xiaoting">Battle of Xiaoting</a>. However, due to grave tactical mistakes, Liu Bei suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Sun Quan's general, <a href="/wiki/Lu_Xun_(Three_Kingdoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lu Xun (Three Kingdoms)">Lu Xun</a>, and lost the bulk of his army. He survived the battle and retreated to <a href="/wiki/Baidicheng" title="Baidicheng">Baidicheng</a>, where he died from illness a year later. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liu_Shan's_reign"><span id="Liu_Shan.27s_reign"></span>Liu Shan's reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_Han&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Liu Shan's reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Liang%27s_Northern_Expeditions" title="Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions">Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Wei%27s_Northern_Expeditions" title="Jiang Wei's Northern Expeditions">Jiang Wei's Northern Expeditions</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wei_and_Shu_battle_at_the_banks_of_River_Wei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wei_and_Shu_battle_at_the_banks_of_River_Wei.jpg/290px-Wei_and_Shu_battle_at_the_banks_of_River_Wei.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wei_and_Shu_battle_at_the_banks_of_River_Wei.jpg/435px-Wei_and_Shu_battle_at_the_banks_of_River_Wei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Wei_and_Shu_battle_at_the_banks_of_River_Wei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> illustration of a battle between Wei and Shu at the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Wei_River" title="Wei River">Wei River</a>. Many battles were fought between Shu and Wei in the Three Kingdoms period.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Kingdoms_Shu_Pottery_Musician_(9832743546).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Three_Kingdoms_Shu_Pottery_Musician_%289832743546%29.jpg/220px-Three_Kingdoms_Shu_Pottery_Musician_%289832743546%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Three_Kingdoms_Shu_Pottery_Musician_%289832743546%29.jpg/330px-Three_Kingdoms_Shu_Pottery_Musician_%289832743546%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Three_Kingdoms_Shu_Pottery_Musician_%289832743546%29.jpg/440px-Three_Kingdoms_Shu_Pottery_Musician_%289832743546%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Pottery musician, Shu, Three Kingdoms.</figcaption></figure> <p>Before Liu Bei's death, he appointed the <a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Liang" title="Zhuge Liang">chancellor Zhuge Liang</a> and the general <a href="/wiki/Li_Yan_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Li Yan (Three Kingdoms)">Li Yan</a> as regents to his son, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Shan" title="Liu Shan">Liu Shan</a>. The young Liu Shan was only 16 years old, making him the youngest of the rulers of the Three Kingdom states, and Liu Bei expected the two regents to assist Liu Shan in managing state affairs. Zhuge Liang was the <i>de facto</i> head of the Shu government throughout Liu Shan's reign, and was responsible for most of Shu's policies during his regency. </p><p>When Liu Shan succeeded his father, Shu was the weakest of the three major powers. Following his father's defeat in 221, the portion of Jing Province previously held by Shu was now firmly under the control of Wu. Shu only included the western lands of <a href="/wiki/Yi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi Province">Yi Province</a>, while Wei controlled all of the northern lands, and Wu controlled all the lands from the east of Yi Province to the southern and eastern coastlines. Meanwhile, Shu's population was not large enough to stand against the rival state of Wei.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolfram_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolfram-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This greatly limited Shu in terms of resources and manpower; although the country could efficiently defend itself, Shu could not easily launch successful campaigns. As such, Zhuge Liang parleyed for peace with Wu, and reaffirmed the alliance between Sun Quan and Shu — with the former even recognising Sun Quan's legitimacy when the latter broke with Wei, and declared himself "Emperor of Wu" in 229. In order to strengthen the Shu Han state's authority in the remote southern region of <a href="/wiki/Nanzhong" title="Nanzhong">Nanzhong</a>, Zhuge Liang also <a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Liang%27s_Southern_Campaign" title="Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign">launched an expeditionary force</a> there in 225 to quell local rebellions, and the growing influence of the <a href="/wiki/Nanman" title="Nanman">Nanman</a> (literal: southern barbarians) in the region. </p><p>Zhuge Liang advocated an aggressive foreign policy towards Wei, because he strongly believed it was critical to the survival of Shu and its sovereignty. Between the years of 228 and 234, he launched a series of <a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Liang%27s_Northern_Expeditions" title="Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions">five military campaigns</a> against Wei, with the aim of conquering <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>, a strategic city located on the road to the Wei capital, <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>. Most of the battles were fought around present-day <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> provinces. However, aside from gaining <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Wei" title="Jiang Wei">Jiang Wei</a> as an officer in 228, Shu failed to achieve any significant victories or lasting gains in the five expeditions. During his final campaign where he fought against the Wei general, <a href="/wiki/Sima_Yi" title="Sima Yi">Sima Yi</a>, an already taxed and ill Zhuge Liang died under the strain of the long stalemate with the Wei forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wuzhang_Plains" title="Battle of Wuzhang Plains">Battle of Wuzhang Plains</a>. </p><p>After Zhuge Liang's death, the Shu government was then headed by <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Wan" title="Jiang Wan">Jiang Wan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fei_Yi" title="Fei Yi">Fei Yi</a>, and others, and Shu temporarily ceased its aggression towards Wei. In 244, the Wei regent, <a href="/wiki/Cao_Shuang" title="Cao Shuang">Cao Shuang</a>, launched an invasion of Hanzhong. Despite being outnumbered 2-to-1, the Shu forces defeated the invading combatants at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xingshi" title="Battle of Xingshi">Battle of Xingshi</a>, with the humiliated Wei forces fleeing. Between 247 and 262, the Shu general, <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Wei" title="Jiang Wei">Jiang Wei</a>, resumed Zhuge Liang's legacy by leading <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Wei%27s_Northern_Expeditions" title="Jiang Wei's Northern Expeditions">a series of military campaigns</a> against Wei, but also failed to make any significant territorial gains. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fall_of_Shu">Fall of Shu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_Han&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fall of Shu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Shu_by_Wei" title="Conquest of Shu by Wei">Conquest of Shu by Wei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhong_Hui%27s_Rebellion" title="Zhong Hui's Rebellion">Zhong Hui's Rebellion</a></div> <p>In 263, armies led by the Wei generals <a href="/wiki/Deng_Ai" title="Deng Ai">Deng Ai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhong_Hui" title="Zhong Hui">Zhong Hui</a> attacked Shu, and conquered its capital, <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, without much struggle — the state having been exhausted by Jiang Wei's ill-fated campaigns. In the same year, Liu Shan surrendered to Deng Ai outside Chengdu, marking the end of Shu. In spite of this, Jiang Wei attempted to incite conflict between Deng Ai and Zhong Hui, in the hope of taking advantage of the situation to revive Shu. Zhong Hui captured Deng Ai, and openly rebelled against the Wei regent, <a href="/wiki/Sima_Zhao" title="Sima Zhao">Sima Zhao</a>, but the revolt was suppressed by Wei forces. Jiang Wei, Zhong Hui, and Deng Ai were killed in the struggle. </p><p>Liu Shan was brought to <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, where he met with Sima Zhao, and was awarded the title of "Duke of Anle." He lived a comfortable and peaceful life in Luoyang until the end of his days. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_Han&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shu was not merely a nation at war. During peacetime, the Shu state began many irrigation and road-building projects designed to improve the economy. Many of these public works still exist and are widely used. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Zipingpu_Dam" title="Zipingpu Dam">Zipingpu Dam</a> is still present near <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>. These works helped improve the economy of southwestern China, and can be seen as the beginning of economic activity in Sichuan. It also promoted trade with southern China, which was then ruled by Eastern Wu.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_territories">List of territories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_Han&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Yi <a href="/wiki/Zhou_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou (country subdivision)">Province</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">益州</span></span></span>) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Commandery_(China)" title="Commandery (China)">Commandery</a></th> <th>Counties </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">Shu<br />蜀</td> <td>Chengdu<br />成都 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fan<br />繁 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jiangyuan<br />江原 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Linqiong<br />臨邛 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pi<br />郫 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">Zitong<br />梓潼</td> <td>Zitong<br />梓潼 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fu<br />涪 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hande<br />漢德 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hanshou<br />漢壽 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boshui<br />白水 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">Guanghan<br />廣漢</td> <td>Luo<br />雒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shifang<br />什邡 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mianzhu<br />綿竹 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xindu<br />新都 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yangquan<br />陽泉 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Han<br />漢</td> <td>Qi<br />郪 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deyang<br />德陽 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wucheng<br />五城 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guanghan<br />廣漢 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8">Wenshan<br />汶山</td> <td>Wenshan<br />汶山 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jiandi<br />湔氐 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Du'an<br />都安 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Miansi<br />綿虒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pingkang<br />平康 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canling<br />蠶陵 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guangrou<br />廣柔 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boma<br />白馬 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Ba<br />巴</td> <td>Jiangzhou<br />江州 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dianjiang<br />墊江 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Linjiang<br />臨江 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhi<br />枳 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7">Baxi<br />巴西</td> <td>Langzhong<br />閬中 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xichong (state)<br />西充國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nanchong (state)<br />南充國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hanchang<br />漢昌 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xuanhan<br />宣漢 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anhan<br />安漢 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dangqu<br />宕渠 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">Badong<br />巴東</td> <td>Yong'an (Yufu)<br />永安 (魚復) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Quren<br />朐忍 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yangqu<br />羊渠 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beijing<br />北井 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Handan<br />漢單 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wu<br />巫 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">Fuling<br />涪陵</td> <td>Hanfu<br />漢復 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fuling<br />涪陵 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hanping<br />漢平 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hanjia<br />漢葭 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wanning<br />萬寧 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">Jianwei<br />犍為</td> <td>Wuyang<br />武陽 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nan'an<br />南安 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bodao<br />僰道 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zizhong<br />資中 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Niubing<br />牛鞞 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Jiangyang<br />江陽</td> <td>Jiangyang<br />江陽 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fu<br />符 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Han'an<br />漢安 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Hanjia<br />漢嘉</td> <td>Hanjia<br />漢嘉 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xi<br />徙 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yandao<br />嚴道 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maoniu<br />旄牛 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Territories conquered by Shu from Wei </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Commandery_(China)" title="Commandery (China)">Commandery</a></th> <th>Counties </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">Hanzhong<br />漢中</td> <td>Nanzheng<br />南鄭 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baozhong<br />褒中 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mianyang<br />沔陽 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chenggu<br />成固 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nanxiang<br />南鄉 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">Wudu<br />武都</td> <td>Xiabian<br />下辯 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hechi<br />河池 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ju<br />沮 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wudu<br />武都 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gudao<br />故道 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qiangdao<br />羌道 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Yinping<br />陰平</td> <td>Yinping<br />陰平 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pingguang<br />平廣 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Nanzhong" title="Nanzhong">Nanzhong</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南中</span></span></span>) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Commandery_(China)" title="Commandery (China)">Commandery</a></th> <th>Counties </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">Shushi<br />朱提</td> <td>Shushi<br />朱提 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nanguang<br />南廣 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hanyang<br />漢陽 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nanchang<br />南昌 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tanglang<br />堂狼 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11">Yuexi<br />越巂</td> <td>Huiwu<br />會無 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qiongdu<br />邛都 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beishui<br />卑水 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dingzha<br />定苲 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Taideng<br />臺登 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anshang<br />安上 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xindao<br />新道 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qianjie<br />潛街 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sanfeng<br />三縫 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suqi<br />蘇祁 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chan<br />闡 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7">Zangke<br />牂柯</td> <td>Qielan<br />且蘭 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tanzhi<br />談指 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yelang<br />夜郎 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wulian<br />毋斂 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bi<br />鄨 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pingyi<br />平夷 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guangtan<br />廣談 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7">Yunnan<br />雲南</td> <td>Yunnan<br />雲南 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Longdong<br />梇棟 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qingling<br />青蛉 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gufu<br />姑復 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xielong<br />邪龍 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yeyu<br />楪榆 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suijiu<br />遂久 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9">Xinggu<br />興古</td> <td>Juting<br />句町 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wanwen<br />宛溫 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Louwo<br />漏臥 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bengu<br />賁古 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hanxing<br />漢興 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jincheng<br />進乘 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xifeng<br />西豐 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xisui<br />西隨 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Duofeng<br />鐸封 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="16">Jianning<br />建寧</td> <td>Wei<br />味 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cun (Mayi)<br />存 (馬邑) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mudan<br />母單 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tonglai<br />同瀨 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muma<br />牧麻 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guchang<br />穀昌 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lianran<br />連然 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qinzang<br />秦臧 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shuangbai<br />雙柏 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yuyuan<br />俞元 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xiuyun<br />修雲 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dianchi<br />滇池 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tonglao<br />同勞 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tongjing<br />同井 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shengxiu<br />勝休 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jianling<br />建伶 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7">Yongchang<br />永昌</td> <td>Buwei<br />不韋 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yongshou<br />永壽 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bisu<br />比蘇 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nanfu<br />南涪 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suitang<br />巂唐 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ailao<br />哀牢 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bonan<br />博南 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_emperors">List of emperors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_Han&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: List of emperors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shu_Han_family_trees" title="Shu Han family trees">Shu Han family trees</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Shu Han rulers</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">Family name</a> (in bold) and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">personal name</a></th> <th>Reign</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chinese_era_name" title="Chinese era name">Era names</a> and their year ranges</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Liezu<br />烈祖</td> <td>Emperor Zhaolie<br />昭烈皇帝</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei" title="Liu Bei"><b>Liu</b> Bei</a><br />劉備</td> <td>221–223</td> <td> <ul><li>Zhangwu<br />章武 <span style="font-size:85%;">(221–223)</span></li></ul> </td> <td>Liu Bei is also referred to as the "Late Emperor" (先帝) in some historical texts. </td></tr> <tr> <td>(N/A)</td> <td>Emperor Xiaohuai<br />孝懷皇帝</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shan" title="Liu Shan"><b>Liu</b> Shan</a><br />劉禪</td> <td>223–263</td> <td> <ul><li>Jianxing<br />建興 <span style="font-size:85%;">(223–237)</span></li> <li>Yanxi<br />延熙 <span style="font-size:85%;">(238–257)</span></li> <li>Jingyao<br />景耀 <span style="font-size:85%;">(258–263)</span></li> <li>Yanxing<br />炎興 <span style="font-size:85%;">(263)</span></li></ul> </td> <td>Liu Shan was posthumously granted the title of "Duke Si of Anle" (安樂思公) by the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin dynasty (265–420)">Jin dynasty</a>. He was later posthumously honoured as "Emperor Xiaohuai" (孝懷皇帝) by <a href="/wiki/Liu_Yuan_(Han_Zhao)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)">Liu Yuan</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Han_Zhao" class="mw-redirect" title="Han Zhao">Han-Zhao</a> state of the <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a>. He is also referred to as the "Later Lord" (後主) in some historical texts. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_Han&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shu_(kingdom)" title="Shu (kingdom)">First Kingdom of Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Shu" title="Former Shu">Third Kingdom of Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Fourth Kingdom of Shu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_Han&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-zou-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zou_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zou_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zou Jiwan (Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hant">鄒紀萬</span>), <i>Zhongguo Tongshi – Weijin Nanbeichao Shi</i> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">中國通史·魏晉南北朝史</span></span>, (1992).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shou" title="Chen Shou">Chen Shou</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Records_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Records of the Three Kingdoms">Records of the Three Kingdoms</a></i>, "Book of Shu: Accounts of <a href="/wiki/Deng_Zhi" title="Deng Zhi">Deng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yi_(Bogong)" title="Zhang Yi (Bogong)">Zhang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zong_Yu" title="Zong Yu">Zong</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Yang_Xi_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Yang Xi (Three Kingdoms)">Yang</a>", <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B745#%E6%A5%8A%E6%88%B2">section Yang Xi</a>: quote: "戲以延熙四年著《<b>季漢</b>輔臣贊》"; translation: "[Yang] Xi, in the fourth year of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_era_names#Shu_Han" title="List of Chinese era names">Yanxi era</a> [241 CE], composed 'Praises for the Supportive Ministers of <b>Ji Han</b>.'"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schuessler, Axel. (2009) Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i. 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An example is a quote by Wei general <a href="/wiki/Zhong_Hui" title="Zhong Hui">Zhong Hui</a>: "事成，可得天下；不成，退保<b>蜀漢</b>，不失作劉備也。" tr: "If we'd succeed, we'd have <a href="/wiki/Tianxia" title="Tianxia">all under Heaven</a>; if we'd not succeed, we'd retreat and defend <b>Shu Han</b> and not lose, just as Liu Bei did." in <i>Sanguozhi</i> vol. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREF小平2012" class="citation journal cs1">小平 (2012). "三国蜀汉政权国号 "汉" 考论". <i>西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）</i> (1): <span class="nowrap">63–</span>66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%8E%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5%EF%BC%88%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E8%9C%80%E6%B1%89%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B7+%22%E6%B1%89%22+%E8%80%83%E8%AE%BA&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E63-%3C%2Fspan%3E66&rft.date=2012&rft.au=%E5%B0%8F%E5%B9%B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShu+Han" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolfram-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wolfram_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEberhard1977" class="citation book cs1">Eberhard, Wolfram (1977). <i>A History of China</i>. University of California Press. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520032683" title="Special:BookSources/0520032683"><bdi>0520032683</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+China&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0520032683&rft.aulast=Eberhard&rft.aufirst=Wolfram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShu+Han" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Three_Kingdoms_(220–280)30" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Three_Kingdoms" title="Template:Three Kingdoms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Three_Kingdoms" title="Template talk:Three Kingdoms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Three_Kingdoms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Three Kingdoms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Three_Kingdoms_(220–280)30" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> (220–280)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shu Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Eastern Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prominent_people_of_Shu_Han151" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_Shu" title="Template:People of Shu"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:People_of_Shu" title="Template talk:People of Shu"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:People_of_Shu" title="Special:EditPage/Template:People of Shu"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prominent_people_of_Shu_Han151" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prominent people of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shu Han</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emperors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei" title="Liu Bei">Liu Bei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shan" title="Liu Shan">Liu Shan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Empresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Wu_(Zhaolie)" title="Empress Wu (Zhaolie)">Empress Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Zhang_(Liu_Shan%27s_first_wife)" title="Empress Zhang (Liu Shan's first wife)">Empress Jing'ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Zhang_(Liu_Shan%27s_second_wife)" title="Empress Zhang (Liu Shan's second wife)">Empress Zhang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Princes and royal figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chen_(Shu_Han)" title="Liu Chen (Shu Han)">Liu Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xuan_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Liu Xuan (Three Kingdoms)">Liu Xuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yong_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Liu Yong (Three Kingdoms)">Liu Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Li_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Liu Li (Three Kingdoms)">Liu Li</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Liang" title="Zhuge Liang">Zhuge Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Wan" title="Jiang Wan">Jiang Wan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Yun" title="Dong Yun">Dong Yun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fei_Yi" title="Fei Yi">Fei Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Wei" title="Jiang Wei">Jiang Wei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Ji" title="Chang Ji">Chang Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Xu" title="Chang Xu">Chang Xu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shou" title="Chen Shou">Chen Shou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Zhen_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Chen Zhen (Three Kingdoms)">Chen Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Zhi_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Chen Zhi (Three Kingdoms)">Chen Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_He" title="Dong He">Dong He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Jue" title="Dong Jue">Dong Jue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Qiong_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Du Qiong (Three Kingdoms)">Du Qiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Wei_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Du Wei (Three Kingdoms)">Du Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Zhen" title="Du Zhen">Du Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Jian_(politician)" title="Fan Jian (politician)">Fan Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fei_Li_(Shu_Han)" title="Fei Li (Shu Han)">Fei Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fei_Shi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fei Shi">Fei Shi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Xing" title="Guan Xing">Guan Xing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Youzhi" title="Guo Youzhi">Guo Youzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Pan_(Jin_dynasty)" title="He Pan (Jin dynasty)">He Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Sui_(Shu_Han)" title="He Sui (Shu Han)">He Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhi_(Shu_Han)" title="He Zhi (Shu Han)">He Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Hao" title="Huang Hao">Huang Hao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Min" title="Lai Min">Lai Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Fu" title="Li Fu">Li Fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Mi_(Shu_Han)" title="Li Mi (Shu Han)">Li Mi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Miao_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Li Miao (Three Kingdoms)">Li Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiang_(Shu_Han)" title="Li Xiang (Shu Han)">Li Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zhuan" title="Li Zhuan">Li Zhuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_Li" title="Liao Li">Liao Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Ba_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Liu Ba (Three Kingdoms)">Liu Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Kai" title="Lü Kai">Lü Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Yi_(Shu_Han)" title="Lü Yi (Shu Han)">Lü Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Liang_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Ma Liang (Three Kingdoms)">Ma Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Guang" title="Meng Guang">Meng Guang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi_Zhu" title="Mi Zhu">Mi Zhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Zhou" title="Qiao Zhou">Qiao Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_Mi" title="Qin Mi">Qin Mi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren_Xi_(Shu_Han)" title="Ren Xi (Shu Han)">Ren Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Shengzhi" title="Sima Shengzhi">Sima Shengzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She_Yuan" title="She Yuan">She Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shou_Liang" title="Shou Liang">Shou Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chong_(Shu_Han)" title="Wang Chong (Shu Han)">Wang Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Fu_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Wang Fu (Three Kingdoms)">Wang Fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hua" title="Wang Hua">Wang Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Lian" title="Wang Lian">Wang Lian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Li_(Shu_Han)" title="Wen Li (Shu Han)">Wen Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Zheng" title="Xi Zheng">Xi Zheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Lang" title="Xiang Lang">Xiang Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Ci" title="Xu Ci">Xu Ci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Jing_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Xu Jing (Three Kingdoms)">Xu Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Hong_(Shu_Han)" title="Yang Hong (Shu Han)">Yang Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Xi_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Yang Xi (Three Kingdoms)">Yang Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Yi_(Shu_Han)" title="Yang Yi (Shu Han)">Yang Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Zhou" title="Yao Zhou">Yao Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Ji" title="Yi Ji">Yi Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yin_Mo" title="Yin Mo">Yin Mo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Bao_(Shu_Han)" title="Zhang Bao (Shu Han)">Zhang Bao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Qiao" title="Zhuge Qiao">Zhuge Qiao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Dao" title="Chen Dao">Chen Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shi_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Chen Shi (Three Kingdoms)">Chen Shi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Ji_(Shu_Han)" title="Cheng Ji (Shu Han)">Cheng Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Zhi" title="Deng Zhi">Deng Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Xi" title="Feng Xi">Feng Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Qian" title="Fu Qian">Fu Qian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Rong_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Fu Rong (Three Kingdoms)">Fu Rong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Xiang_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Gao Xiang (Three Kingdoms)">Gao Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong_Lu" title="Gong Lu">Gong Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Quan_(general)" title="Huang Quan (general)">Huang Quan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Zhong" title="Huang Zhong">Huang Zhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Ji" title="Hu Ji">Hu Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huo_Yi" title="Huo Yi">Huo Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju_Fu" title="Ju Fu">Ju Fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Yan_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Li Yan (Three Kingdoms)">Li Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Hui_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Li Hui (Three Kingdoms)">Li Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_Hua" title="Liao Hua">Liao Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yan_(Shu_Han)" title="Liu Yan (Shu Han)">Liu Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yin_(Shu_Han)" title="Liu Yin (Shu Han)">Liu Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Xian" title="Luo Xian">Luo Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Chao" title="Ma Chao">Ma Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Dai" title="Ma Dai">Ma Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Su" title="Ma Su">Ma Su</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhong_(Shu_Han)" title="Ma Zhong (Shu Han)">Ma Zhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Ping_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Wang Ping (Three Kingdoms)">Wang Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Yan" title="Wei Yan">Wei Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Ban" title="Wu Ban">Wu Ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Yi_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Wu Yi (Three Kingdoms)">Wu Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiahou_Ba" title="Xiahou Ba">Xiahou Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chong_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Xiang Chong (Three Kingdoms)">Xiang Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Fei" title="Zhang Fei">Zhang Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Nan_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Zhang Nan (Three Kingdoms)">Zhang Nan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Ni" title="Zhang Ni">Zhang Ni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yi_(Bogong)" title="Zhang Yi (Bogong)">Zhang Yi (Bogong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yi_(Junsi)" title="Zhang Yi (Junsi)">Zhang Yi (Junsi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Yun" title="Zhao Yun">Zhao Yun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Shang" title="Zhuge Shang">Zhuge Shang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Zhan" title="Zhuge Zhan">Zhuge Zhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zong_Yu" title="Zong Yu">Zong Yu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable women</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Zhenjue" title="Cheng Zhenjue">Cheng Zhenjue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gan" title="Lady Gan">Lady Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yinping" title="Guan Yinping">Lady Guan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Huang" title="Lady Huang">Lady Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Mi" title="Lady Mi">Lady Mi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Xiahou_(Shu_Han)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Xiahou (Shu Han)">Lady Xiahou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zhaoyi_(Shu_Han)" title="Li Zhaoyi (Shu Han)">Li Zhaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Hu_(Shu_Han)" title="Lady Hu (Shu Han)">Lady Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Fu" title="Yuan Fu">Yuan Fu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Huo" title="Meng Huo">Meng Huo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamoke" title="Shamoke">Shamoke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sichuan_topics613" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sichuan_topics" title="Template:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sichuan_topics" title="Template talk:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sichuan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sichuan_topics613" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sichuan" title="Category:Sichuan">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sichuan" title="Politics of Sichuan">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Economy" title="Sichuan">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Sichuan" title="List of universities and colleges in Sichuan">Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#History" title="Sichuan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">States and kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui">Sanxingdui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_(state)" title="Ba (state)">Ba</a> & <a href="/wiki/Shu_(kingdom)" title="Shu (kingdom)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengjia" title="Chengjia">Chengjia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shu Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng-Han" title="Cheng-Han">Cheng-Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Zong" title="Qiao Zong">Western Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Shu" title="Former Shu">Former Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Shu_(state)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Shu (state) (page does not exist)">Li Shu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%9C%80" class="extiw" title="zh:李蜀">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Xia" title="Ming Xia">Ming Xia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_dynasty" title="Xi dynasty">Da Xi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuan-Mongol_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuan-Mongol War (page does not exist)">Sichuan-Mongol War</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%94%BB%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" class="extiw" title="zh:蒙古攻四川之戰">zh</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Sichuan_anti-Mongol_fortresses" title="Sichuan anti-Mongol fortresses">anti-Mongol fortresses</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repopulation_of_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repopulation of Sichuan (page does not exist)">Repopulation of Sichuan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%BB%A3%E5%A1%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D" class="extiw" title="yue:湖廣填四川">yue</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Movement" title="Railway Protection Movement">Railway Protection Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuan_during_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuan during World War II (page does not exist)">Home Front Period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Sichuan" title="Category:Geography of Sichuan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Sichuan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Basin" title="Sichuan Basin">Sichuan Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Plain" title="Chengdu Plain">Chengdu Plain</a></li> <li>Regions <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Sichuan (page does not exist)">West</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E8%A5%BF" class="extiw" title="zh:川西">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Sichuan (page does not exist)">East</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E6%9D%B1" class="extiw" title="zh:川東">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Sichuan (page does not exist)">North</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%8C%97" class="extiw" title="zh:川北">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Sichuan (page does not exist)">South</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="zh:川南">zh</a>]</span>)</small></li> <li>Rivers <small>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan_River" title="Sichuan River">Sichuan</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Min_River_(Sichuan)" title="Min River (Sichuan)">Min</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Jialing_River" title="Jialing River">Jialing</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tuo_River" title="Tuo River">Tuo</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Yalong_River" title="Yalong River">Yalong</a>)</small></li> <li>Mountain ranges <small>(<a href="/wiki/Daba_Mountains" title="Daba Mountains">Daba</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Mountains" title="Longmen Mountains">Longmen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_Mountains" title="Qionglai Mountains">Qionglai</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hengduan_Mountains" title="Hengduan Mountains">Hengduan</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Culture" title="Sichuan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_culture" title="Ba–Shu culture">Ba–Shu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Shu" title="Clothing in ancient Shu">Clothing in ancient Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_embroidery" title="Sichuan embroidery">Sichuan embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuanese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuanese_liquor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuanese liquor (page does not exist)">Sichuanese liquor</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="zh:川酒">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengding_Ganlu_tea" title="Mengding Ganlu tea">Mengding Ganlu tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_tea" title="Panda tea">Panda tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_opera" title="Sichuan opera">Sichuan opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sichuan" title="Music of Sichuan">Sichuanese music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlang_Shen" title="Erlang Shen">Lord of Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuanese_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuanese architecture (page does not exist)">Sichuanese architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_garden" title="Sichuanese garden">Sichuanese garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_people" title="Sichuanese people">Sichuanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang-speaking_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiang-speaking peoples">Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Religion" title="Sichuan">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Chinese salvationist religions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sichuan" title="Christianity in Sichuan">Main article</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East_in_Sichuan" title="Church of the East in Sichuan">Church of the East in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sichuan" title="Catholic Church in Sichuan">Catholic Church in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Sichuan" title="Protestantism in Sichuan">Protestantism in Sichuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglicanism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Anglicanism in Sichuan">Anglicanism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Methodism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Methodism in Sichuan">Methodism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakerism_in_Sichuan" title="Quakerism in Sichuan">Quakerism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Baptist_Christianity_in_Sichuan" title="History of Baptist Christianity in Sichuan">Baptist Christianity in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Adventism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Adventism in Sichuan">Seventh-day Adventist Church in Sichuan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sichuan" title="Islam in Sichuan">Main article</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Sichuan" title="Zoroastrianism in Sichuan">Main article</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Languages" title="Sichuan">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_dialects" title="Sichuanese dialects">Sichuanese</a> <small>(lingua franca)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu</a> <small>(extinct)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_Standard_Chinese" title="Sichuanese Standard Chinese">Sichuanese Standard Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khams_Tibetan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khams Tibetan language">Kham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiarongic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiarongic languages">Jiarongic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourist attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailu,_Pengzhou" title="Bailu, Pengzhou">Bailu, Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_Irrigation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Dujiangyan Irrigation System">Dujiangyan Irrigation System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gsumge_Mani_Stone_Castle" title="Gsumge Mani Stone Castle">Gsumge Mani Stone Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanglong_Scenic_and_Historic_Interest_Area" title="Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area">Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuzhaigou" title="Jiuzhaigou">Jiuzhaigou Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan_Giant_Buddha" title="Leshan Giant Buddha">Leshan Giant Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Emei" title="Mount Emei">Mount Emei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gongga" title="Mount Gongga">Mount Gongga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Qingcheng" title="Mount Qingcheng">Mount Qingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui">Sanxingdui</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jinsha_site" title="Jinsha site">Jinsha archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Giant_Panda_Sanctuaries" title="Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries">Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cliff_Buddhist_Sculptures" title="Southern Cliff Buddhist Sculptures">Southern Cliff Buddhist Sculptures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Sichuan" title="Category:Sichuan">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sichuan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sichuan">Commons</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>see also</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater Sichuan (page does not exist)">Greater Sichuan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></dd></dl> 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