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Zsuzsanna</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Schnell Zsuzsanna"> <meta name="keywords" content="Schnell Zsuzsanna"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Schnell Zsuzsanna"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 17</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Schnell Zsuzsanna</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Social-Cognitive Aspects of Interpretation: Didactic Approaches in Language Processing and English as a Second Language Difficulties in Dyslexia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schnell%20Zsuzsanna">Schnell Zsuzsanna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The interpretation of written texts, language processing in the visual domain, in other words, atypical reading abilities, also known as dyslexia, is an ever-growing phenomenon in today’s societies and educational communities. The much-researched problem affects cognitive abilities and, coupled with normal intelligence normally manifests difficulties in the differentiation of sounds and orthography and in the holistic processing of written words. The factors of susceptibility are varied: social, cognitive psychological, and linguistic factors interact with each other. Methods: The research will explain the psycholinguistics of dyslexia on the basis of several empirical experiments and demonstrate how domain-general abilities of inhibition, retrieval from the mental lexicon, priming, phonological processing, and visual modality transfer affect successful language processing and interpretation. Interpretation of visual stimuli is hindered, and the problem seems to be embedded in a sociocultural, psycholinguistic, and cognitive background. This makes the picture even more complex, suggesting that the understanding and resolving of the issues of dyslexia has to be interdisciplinary, aided by several disciplines in the field of humanities and social sciences, and should be researched from an empirical approach, where the practical, educational corollaries can be analyzed on an applied basis. Aim and applicability: The lecture sheds light on the applied, cognitive aspects of interpretation, social cognitive traits of language processing, the mental underpinnings of cognitive interpretation strategies in different languages (namely, Hungarian and English), offering solutions with a few applied techniques for success in foreign language learning that can be useful advice for the developers of testing methodologies and measures across ESL teaching and testing platforms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyslexia" title="dyslexia">dyslexia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20cognition" title=" social cognition"> social cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparency" title=" transparency"> transparency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modalities" title=" modalities"> modalities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165654/social-cognitive-aspects-of-interpretation-didactic-approaches-in-language-processing-and-english-as-a-second-language-difficulties-in-dyslexia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Developmental Psycholinguistic Approach to Conversational Skills - A Continuum of the Sensitivity to Gricean Maxims</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zsuzsanna%20Schnell">Zsuzsanna Schnell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesca%20Ervas"> Francesca Ervas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: the experimental pragmatic study confirms a basic tenet in the Relevance theoretical views in language philosophy. It draws up a developmental trajectory of the maxims, revealing the cognitive difficulty of their interpretation, their relative place to each other, and the order they may follow in development. A central claim of the present research is that social-cognitive skills play a significant role in inferential meaning construction. Children passing the False Belief Test are significantly more successful in tasks measuring the recognition of the infringement of conversational maxims. Aims and method: Preschoolers’ conversational skills and pragmatic competence is examined in view of their mentalization skills. In doing so it use a measure of linguistic tasks, containing 5 short scenarios for each Gricean maxim. it measure preschoolers’ ToM performance with a first- and a second order ToM task and compare participants’ ability to recognize the infringement of the Gricean maxims in view of their social cognitive skills. Results: Findings suggest that Theory of Mind has a predictive force of 75% concerning the ability to follow Gricean maxims efficiently. ToM proved to be a significant factor in predicting the group’s performance and success rates in 3 out of 4 maxim infringement recognition tasks: in the Quantity, Relevance and Manner conditions, but not in the Quality trial. Conclusions: the results confirm that children’s communicative competence in social contexts requires the development of higher-order social-cognitive reasoning, and reveal the cognitive effort needed for the recognition of the infringement of each maxim, yielding a continuum of their cognitive difficulty and trajectory of development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxim%20infringement%20recognition" title="maxim infringement recognition">maxim infringement recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20cognition" title=" social cognition"> social cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gricean%20maxims" title=" Gricean maxims"> Gricean maxims</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developmental%20pragmatics" title=" developmental pragmatics"> developmental pragmatics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193769/developmental-psycholinguistic-approach-to-conversational-skills-a-continuum-of-the-sensitivity-to-gricean-maxims" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Developmental Psycholinguistic Approach to Conversational Skills: A Continuum of the Sensitivity to Gricean Maxims</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zsuzsanna%20Schnell">Zsuzsanna Schnell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesca%20Ervas"> Francesca Ervas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Our experimental pragmatic study confirms a basic tenet in the Relevance of theoretical views in language philosophy. It draws up a developmental trajectory of the maxims, revealing the cognitive difficulty of their interpretation, their relative place to each other, and the order they may follow in development. A central claim of the present research is that social-cognitive skills play a significant role in inferential meaning construction. Children passing the False Belief Test are significantly more successful in tasks measuring the recognition of the infringement of conversational maxims. Aims and method: We examine preschoolers' conversational and pragmatic competence in view of their mentalization skills. To do so, we use a measure of linguistic tasks containing 5 short scenarios for each Gricean maxim. We measure preschoolers’ ToM performance with a first- and second-order ToM task and compare participants’ ability to recognize the infringement of the Gricean maxims in view of their social cognitive skills. Results: Findings suggest that Theory of Mind has a predictive force of 75% concerning the ability to follow Gricean maxims efficiently. ToM proved to be a significant factor in predicting the group’s performance and success rates in 3 out of 4 maxim infringement recognition tasks: in the Quantity, Relevance and Manner conditions, but not in the Quality trial. Conclusions: Our results confirm that children’s communicative competence in social contexts requires the development of higher-order social-cognitive reasoning. They reveal the cognitive effort needed to recognize the infringement of each maxim, yielding a continuum of their cognitive difficulty and trajectory of development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developmental%20pragmatics" title="developmental pragmatics">developmental pragmatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20cognition" title=" social cognition"> social cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschoolers" title=" preschoolers"> preschoolers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxim%20infringement" title=" maxim infringement"> maxim infringement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gricean%20pragmatics" title=" Gricean pragmatics"> Gricean pragmatics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188865/developmental-psycholinguistic-approach-to-conversational-skills-a-continuum-of-the-sensitivity-to-gricean-maxims" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Turn-Taking and Leading Roles in Early Cognition: Interaction of Social Cognition and Language in Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zsuzsanna%20Schnell">Zsuzsanna Schnell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesca%20Ervas"> Francesca Ervas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Our study aims to clarify how language fosters further cognitive development and how we eventually arrive at the complex human specific skill of pragmatic competence and reveal what levels of mentalization and theory of mind are in place before language. Method: Our experimental pragmatic investigation maps the interaction of mentalization and pragmatic competence. We map the different levels of mentalization that empower different levels of pragmatic meaning construction and evaluate the results with statistical analysis (MannWhitney and ANOVA). Analyzing the comprehension of literal and non-compositional (figurative) utterances, we apply linguistic trials, among them metaphor-, irony-, irony with surface cue-, humor- and the recognition of maxim infringements trial in neurotypical (NT) preschoolers with a coherent and comparative methodology. Results: The findings reveal the relationship and direction of interaction between Language and theory of mind. On the one hand social-cognitive skills enhance, facilitate and provide a basis for language acquisition, and in return linguistic structures (DeVilliers 2000, 2007) provide a framework for further development of mentalizing skills. Conclusions: Findings confirm that this scaffolding becomes a mutually supportive system where language and social cognition develops in interaction. Certain stages in ToM development serve as a precursor of understanding grammatically complex sentences, like embedded phrases which mirror embedded mental states; which, in turn, facilitates the development of pragmatic competence, thus, the social use of language, integrating social, cognitive, linguistic and psychological factors in discourse. Future implications: Our investigation functions as a differential-diagnostic measure, with typically developing results thus serve as a baseline in further empirical research for atypical cases. This enables the study of populations where language and ToM development is disturbed, reveals how language and ToM are acquired and interact, and gives an insight into what this has to do with clinical symptoms. This in turn can reveal the causal link to the syndrome at hand, which can set directions for therapeutic development and training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20mind" title="theory of mind">theory of mind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20development" title=" language development"> language development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentalization" title=" mentalization"> mentalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20philosophy" title=" language philosophy"> language philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20pragmatics" title=" experimental pragmatics"> experimental pragmatics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188901/turn-taking-and-leading-roles-in-early-cognition-interaction-of-social-cognition-and-language-in-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Differentiation of Customer Types by Stereotypical Characteristics for Modular and Conventional Construction Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Schnell">Peter Schnell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phillip%20Haag"> Phillip Haag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the course of the structural transformation of the construction industry, the integration of industrialization and digitization has led to the development of construction methods with an increased degree of prefabrication, such as system or modular construction. Compared to conventional construction, these innovative construction methods are characterized by modified structural and procedural properties and expand the range of construction services. Faced with the supply side, it is possible to identify construction-specific customer types with different characteristics and certain preferences as far as the choice of construction method is concerned. The basis for this finding was qualitative expert interviews. By evaluating the stereotypical customer needs, a corresponding segmentation of the demand side can be made along with the basic orientation and decision behavior. This demarcation supports the target- and needs-oriented customer approach and contributes to cooperative and successful project management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differentiation%20of%20customer%20types" title="differentiation of customer types">differentiation of customer types</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modular%20construction%20methods" title=" modular construction methods"> modular construction methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20construction%20methods" title=" conventional construction methods"> conventional construction methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereotypical%20customer%20types" title=" stereotypical customer types"> stereotypical customer types</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152514/differentiation-of-customer-types-by-stereotypical-characteristics-for-modular-and-conventional-construction-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Electrical Cardiac Remodeling in Triathletes: A Comparative Study in Elite Male and Female Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingxia%20Li">Lingxia Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Schnell"> Frédéric Schnell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thibault%20Lachard"> Thibault Lachard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne-Charlotte%20Dupont"> Anne-Charlotte Dupont</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuzhe%20Ding"> Shuzhe Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sol%C3%A8ne%20Le%20Douairon%20Lahaye"> Solène Le Douairon Lahaye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Prolonged intensive endurance exercise is associated with cardiovascular adaptations in athletes. However, the sex differences in electrocardiographic (ECG) performance in triathletes are poorly understood. Methods: ECG results of male and female triathletes registered on the French ministerial lists of high-level athletes between 2015 and 2021 were involved. The ECG was evaluated according to commonly accepted criteria. Results: Eighty-six triathletes (male 50, female 36) were involved; the average age was 19.9 ± 4.8 years. The training volume was 21±6 hours/week in males and 19 ± 6 hours/week in females (p>0.05). Despite the relatively larger P wave (96.0 ± 12.0 vs. 89.9 ± 11.5 ms, p=0.02) and longer QRS complex (96.6 ± 11.1 vs. 90.3 ± 8.6 ms, p=0.005) in males than in females, all indicators were within normal ranges. The most common electrical manifestations were early repolarization (46.5%) and incomplete right bundle branch block (39.5%). No difference between sexes was found in electrical manifestations (p > 0.05). Conclusion: All ECG patterns were within normal limits under similar training volumes, but male triathletes were more susceptible to cardiovascular changes than females. The most common ECG manifestations in triathletes were early repolarization and incomplete right bundle branch block, with no disparity between males and females. Large samples involving both sexes are required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20remodeling" title="cardiovascular remodeling">cardiovascular remodeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocardiography" title=" electrocardiography"> electrocardiography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triathlon" title=" triathlon"> triathlon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elite%20athletes" title=" elite athletes"> elite athletes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194894/electrical-cardiac-remodeling-in-triathletes-a-comparative-study-in-elite-male-and-female-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Electrical Cardiac Remodeling in Elite Athletes: A Comparative Study between Triathletes and Cyclists</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingxia%20Li">Lingxia Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Schnell"> Frédéric Schnell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thibault%20Lachard"> Thibault Lachard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne-Charlotte%20Dupont"> Anne-Charlotte Dupont</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuzhe%20Ding"> Shuzhe Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sol%C3%A8ne%20Le%20Douairon%20Lahaye"> Solène Le Douairon Lahaye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Repetitive participation in triathlon training results in significant myocardial changes. However, whether the cardiac remodeling in triathletes is related to the specificities of the sport (consisting of three sports) raises questions. Methods: Elite triathletes and cyclists registered on the French ministerial lists of high-level athletes were involved. The basic information and routine electrocardiogram records were obtained. Electrocardiograms were evaluated according to clinical criteria. Results: Of the 105 athletes included in the study, 42 were from the short-distance triathlon (40%), and 63 were from the road cycling (60%). The average age was 22.1±4.2 years. The P wave amplitude was significantly lower in triathletes than in cyclists (p=0.005), and no significant statistical difference was found in heart rate, RR interval, PR or PQ interval, QRS complex, QRS axe, QT interval, and QTc (p>0.05). All the measured parameters were within normal ranges. The most common electrical manifestations were early repolarization (60.95%) and incomplete right bundle branch block (43.81%); there was no statistical difference between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Prolonged intensive endurance exercise training induces physiological cardiac remodeling in both triathletes and cyclists. The most common electrocardiogram manifestations were early repolarization and incomplete right bundle branch block. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20screening" title="cardiac screening">cardiac screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocardiogram" title=" electrocardiogram"> electrocardiogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triathlon" title=" triathlon"> triathlon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycling" title=" cycling"> cycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elite%20athletes" title=" elite athletes"> elite athletes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194909/electrical-cardiac-remodeling-in-elite-athletes-a-comparative-study-between-triathletes-and-cyclists" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in World-Class Triathletes: An Internet-Based Study from 2006 to 2019</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingxia%20Li">Lingxia Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Schnell"> Frédéric Schnell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuzhe%20Ding"> Shuzhe Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sol%C3%A8ne%20Le%20Douairon%20Lahaye"> Solène Le Douairon Lahaye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in different triathlon sports disciplines has not been determined. Purpose: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of CVD in world-class triathletes according to their sex, sports disciplines (aquathlon, duathlon, triathlon…), and formats (short/medium, long, and ultra-long distance). Methods: Male and female elite athletes from eleven triathlon sport disciplines, ranked in the internationally yearly top 10 between 2006 and 2019, were included. The athlete’s name was associated in a Google search with selected key terms related to heart disease and/or cardiac abnormalities. The prevalence and the hazard function of the variation were calculated, and the differences were then compared. Results: From 1329 athletes (male 639, female 690), 13 cases of CVD (0.98%, 95% CI: [0.45-1.51]) were identified, and the mean age of their occurrence was 29±6 years. Although no sex differences were found in each sport discipline/format (p > 0.05), severe outcomes (sudden cardiac arrest/death and those who had to stop their sports practice) were only observed in males. Short-distance triathlon (5.08%, 95% CI: [1.12-9.05]) was more affected than other disciplines in short/medium, long, and ultra-long formats. The prevalence of CVD in athletes who participated in multi-type of sports disciplines (4.14%, 95% CI: [1.14-7.15]) was higher than in those who participated in one type (0.52%, 95% CI: [0.10-0.93]) (p = 0.0004). Conclusion: Athletes in short-distance triathlon were more affected than other disciplines in short/medium, long and ultra-long formats. Athletes who participate in short/medium distances and those who participate in multi-type of sports disciplines should be closely monitored regardless of sex. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20diseases" title="cardiovascular diseases">cardiovascular diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sudden%20cardiac%20death" title=" sudden cardiac death"> sudden cardiac death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triathlon%20sport%20disciplines" title=" triathlon sport disciplines"> triathlon sport disciplines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world-class%20athletes" title=" world-class athletes"> world-class athletes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149465/the-prevalence-of-cardiovascular-diseases-in-world-class-triathletes-an-internet-based-study-from-2006-to-2019" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Response Surface Methodology Approach to Defining Ultrafiltration of Steepwater from Corn Starch Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zita%20I.%20%C5%A0ere%C5%A1">Zita I. Šereš</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ljubica%20P.%20Doki%C4%87"> Ljubica P. Dokić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dragana%20M.%20%C5%A0oronja%20Simovi%C4%87"> Dragana M. Šoronja Simović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cecilia%20Hodur"> Cecilia Hodur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zsuzsanna%20Laszlo"> Zsuzsanna Laszlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivana%20Nikoli%C4%87"> Ivana Nikolić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikola%20Maravi%C4%87"> Nikola Maravić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work the concentration of steep-water from corn starch industry is monitored using ultrafiltration membrane. The aim was to examine the conditions of ultrafiltration of steep-water by applying the membrane of 2.5nm. The parameters that vary during the course of ultrafiltration, were the transmembrane pressure, flow rate, while the permeate flux and the dry matter content of permeate and retentive were the dependent parameter constantly monitored during the process. Experiments of ultrafiltration are conducted on the samples of steep-water, which were obtained from the starch wet milling plant Jabuka, Pancevo. The procedure of ultrafiltration on a single-channel 250mm length, with inner diameter of 6.8mm and outer diameter of 10mm membrane were carried on. The membrane is made of a-Al2O3 with TiO2 layer obtained from GEA (Germany). The experiments are carried out at a flow rate ranging from 100 to 200lh-1 and transmembrane pressure of 1-3 bars. During the experiments of steep-water ultrafiltration, the change of permeate flux, dry matter content of permeate and retentive, as well as the absorbance changes of the permeate and retentive were monitored. The experimental results showed that the maximum flux reaches about 40lm-2h-1. For responses obtained after experiments, a polynomial model of the second degree is established to evaluate and quantify the influence of the variables. The quadratic equitation fits with the experimental values, where the coefficient of determination for flux is 0.96. The dry matter content of the retentive is increased for about 6%, while the dry matter content of permeate was reduced for about 35-40%, respectively. During steep-water ultrafiltration in permeate stays 40% less dry matter compared to the feed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrafiltration" title="ultrafiltration">ultrafiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steep-water" title=" steep-water"> steep-water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch%20industry" title=" starch industry"> starch industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20membrane" title=" ceramic membrane"> ceramic membrane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5593/response-surface-methodology-approach-to-defining-ultrafiltration-of-steepwater-from-corn-starch-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Sex Difference of the Incidence of Sudden Cardiac Arrest/Death in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingxia%20Li">Lingxia Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Schnell"> Frédéric Schnell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuzhe%20Ding"> Shuzhe Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sol%C3%A8ne%20Le%20Douairon%20Lahaye"> Solène Le Douairon Lahaye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The risk of sudden cardiac arret/death (SCA/D) in athletes is controversial. There is a lack of meta-analyses assessing the sex differences in the risk of SCA/D in competitive athletes. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate sex differences in the incidence of SCA/D in competitive athletes using meta-analyses. Methods: The systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration ID: CRD42023432022) and was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, SPORT Discus and Cochrane Library were searched up to July 2023. To avoid systematic bias in data pooling, only studies with data for both sexes were included. Results: From the 18 included studies, 2028 cases of SCA/D were observed (males 1821 (89.79%), females 207 (10.21%)). The age ranges from the adolescents (<26 years) to the elderly (>45 years). The incidence in male athletes was 1.32/100,000 AY (95% CI: [0.90, 1.93]) and in females was 0.26/100,000 AY (95% CI: [0.16, 0.43]), the incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 6.43 (95% CI: [4.22, 9.79]). The subgroup synthesis showed a higher incidence in males than in females in both age groups <25 years and ≤35 years, the IRR was 5.86 (95% CI: [4.69, 7.32]) and 5.79 (95% CI: [4.73, 7.09]), respectively. When considering the events, the IRR was 6.73 (95%CI: [3.06, 14.78]) among studies involving both SCA/D events and 7.16 (95% CI: [4.93, 10.40]) among studies including only cases of SCD. The available clinical evidence showed that cardiac events were most frequently seen in long-distance running races (26, 35.1%), marathon (16, 21.6%) and soccer (10, 13.5%). Coronary artery disease (14, 18.9%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (8, 10.8%), and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (7, 9.5%) are the most common causes of SCA/D in competitive athletes. Conclusion: The meta-analysis provides evidence of sex differences in the incidence of SCA/D in competitive athletes. The incidence of SCA/D in male athletes was 6 to 7 times higher than in females. Identifying the reasons for this difference may have implications for targeted the prevention of fatal evets in athletes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incidence" title="incidence">incidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sudden%20cardiac%20arrest" title=" sudden cardiac arrest"> sudden cardiac arrest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sudden%20cardiac%20death" title=" sudden cardiac death"> sudden cardiac death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20difference" title=" sex difference"> sex difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletes" title=" athletes"> athletes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173995/sex-difference-of-the-incidence-of-sudden-cardiac-arrestdeath-in-athletes-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Mental Health of Female Runners - Results of a Pilot Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katalin%20Gocze">Katalin Gocze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriella%20Kiss"> Gabriella Kiss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zsuzsanna%20Gurdan"> Zsuzsanna Gurdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krisztian%20Kvell"> Krisztian Kvell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Attila%20Trabert"> Attila Trabert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: On a worldwide scale running has become an increasingly popular leisure time activity during the past decade. Since the participation rate of women has risen significantly the aim of our study was to analyze the mental status, sleeping habits and the prevalence of depression among female runners. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis included the use of validated and globally used surveys for the comprehensive evaluation of insomnia (AIS), depression (BDI), exercise dependence (EDS) and exercise addiction (EAI). Recreational and amateur female runners participating at half-marathon events in Hungary were asked to take part in our pilot study. Results: Participants mean age was 42.03±9.03 years. The prevalence of imsomnia was 18.87%. 60.34% has worries regarding their weight and 43.1% think that they have an actual weight problem. 77.6% stated that their body weight has an influence on their mood. 2.7% displayed borderline clinical depression, the prevalence of mild mood disorders was 10.81%. 17.2% had previously problems with disordered eating. Participants had a mean total EDS score of 46.94±15.55 and a mean total of 13.49±3.80 on EAI. Component scores were the highest for tolerance (a need for increased amounts of exercise to achieve the desired effect or a diminished effect occurs with continued use of the same amount of exercise). Conclusion: Even tough running can help improve mental health, tackle depression and overcome adversity, athletes are at risk of experiencing psychological difficulties which have an impact on their physical perfomance as well. Further research can help initiate targeted educational and screening programs to ensure that female athletes find a path to emotional well-being. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title="depression">depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eating%20disorder" title=" eating disorder"> eating disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise%20addiction" title=" exercise addiction"> exercise addiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise%20dependence" title=" exercise dependence"> exercise dependence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insomnia" title=" insomnia"> insomnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=running" title=" running"> running</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121581/mental-health-of-female-runners-results-of-a-pilot-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Analysis of Gender Budgeting in Healthcare Sector: A Case of Gujarat State of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juhi%20Pandya">Juhi Pandya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elekes%20Zsuzsanna"> Elekes Zsuzsanna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Health is related to every aspect of human being. Even a quintal change leads to ill-health of an individual. Gender plays an eminent role in determining an individual health exposure. Political implications on health have implicit effects on the individual, societal and economical. The inclusion of gender perspective into policies have plunged enormous attention globally, nationally and locally to detract inequalities and achieve economic growth. Simultaneously, there is an initiation of policies with gender perspective which are named differently but hold similar meaning or objective. They are named gender mainstreaming policies or gender sensitization policies. Gender budgeting acts as a tool for the application of gender mainstreaming policies. It incorporates gender perspective into the budgetary process by restricting the revenues and expenditures at all level of the budget. The current study takes into account the analysis of Gender Budgeting reports in terms of healthcare from the 2014-16 year of Gujarat State, India. The expenditures and literature under the heading of gender budgeting reports named “Health and Family Welfare Department” are discussed in the paper. The data analytics is done with the help of reports published by the Gujarat government on Gender Budgeting. The results discuss upon the expenditure and initiation of new policies as a roadmap for the promotion of gender equality from the path of gender budgeting. It states with the escalation of the budgetary numbers for the health expenditure. Additionally, the paper raises the questions on the hypothetical loopholes pertaining to the gender budgeting in Gujarat. The budget reports do not show a specify explanation to the expenditure use of budget for the schemes mentioned in healthcare. It also does not clarify that how many beneficiaries are benefited through gender budget. The explanation just provides an overlook of theory for healthcare Schemes/Yojana or Abhiyan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20budgeting" title=" gender budgeting"> gender budgeting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20equality" title=" gender equality"> gender equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare" title=" healthcare"> healthcare</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69257/analysis-of-gender-budgeting-in-healthcare-sector-a-case-of-gujarat-state-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Analyses of the Constitutional Identity in Hungary: A Case Study on the Concept of Constitutionalism and Legal Continuity in New Fundamental Law of Hungary </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zsuzsanna%20Fejes">Zsuzsanna Fejes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the legal history of constitutionalism in Hungary, in focus of the democratic transitions in 1989-1990, describing the historical and political background of the changes and presenting the main and most important features of the new democracy, and institutional and legal orders. In Hungary the evolved political, economic and moral crisis prior to the constitutional years 2010-11 had been such a constitutional moment, which led to an opportune and unavoidable change at the same time. The Hungarian constitutional power intended to adopt a new constitution, which was competent to create a common constitutional identity and to express a national unity. The Hungarian Parliament on 18th April 2011 passed the New Fundamental Law. The new Fundamental Law rich in national values meant a new challenge for the academics, lawyers, and political scientists. Not only the classical political science, but also the constitutional law and theory have to struggle with the interpretation of the new declarations about national constitutional values in the Fundamental Law. The main features and structure of the new Fundamental Law will be analysed, and given a detailed interpretation of the Preamble as a declaration of constitutional values. During the examination of the Preamble shall be cleared up the components of Hungarian statehood and national unity, individual and common human rights, the practical and theoretical demand on national sovereignty, and the content and possibilities for the interpretation of the achievements of the historical Constitution. These scopes of problems will be presented during the examination of the text of National Avowal, as a preamble of the Fundamental Law. It is examined whether the Fundamental Law itself could be suitable and sufficient means to citizens of Hungary to express the ideas therein as their own, it will be analysed how could the national and European common traditions, values and principles stated in the Fundamental Law mean maintenance in Hungary’s participation in the European integration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20constitutional%20values" title="common constitutional values">common constitutional values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutionalism" title=" constitutionalism"> constitutionalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20identity" title=" national identity"> national identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20sovereignty" title=" national sovereignty"> national sovereignty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20unity" title=" national unity"> national unity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statehood" title=" statehood"> statehood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48495/analyses-of-the-constitutional-identity-in-hungary-a-case-study-on-the-concept-of-constitutionalism-and-legal-continuity-in-new-fundamental-law-of-hungary" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Social Movements of Central-Eastern Europe: Examining Trends of Cooperation and Antagonism by Using Big Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reka%20Zsuzsanna%20Mathe">Reka Zsuzsanna Mathe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The globalization and the Europeanization have significantly contributed to a change in the role of the nation-states. The global economic crisis, the climate changes, and the recent refugee crisis, are just a few among many challenges that cannot be effectively addressed by the traditional role of the nation-states. One of the main roles of the states is to solve collective action problems, however due to their changing roles; apparently this is getting more and more difficult. Depending on political culture, collective action problems are solved either through cooperation or conflict. The political culture of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries is marked by low civic participation and by a weak civil society. In this type of culture collective action problems are likely to be induced through conflict, rather than the democratic process of dialogue and any type of social change is probably to be introduced by social movements. Several studies have been conducted on the social movements of the CEE countries, yet, it is still not clear if the most significant social movements of the region tend to choose rather the cooperative or the conflictual way as action strategy. This study differentiates between a national and a European action field, having different social orders. The actors of the two fields are the broadly understood civil society members, conceptualized as social movements. This research tries to answer the following questions: a) What are the norms that best characterize the CEE countries’ social order? b) What type of actors would prefer a change and in which areas? c) Is there a significant difference between the main actors active in the national versus the European field? The main hypotheses are that there are conflicting norms defining the national and the European action field, and there is a significant difference between the action strategies adopted by social movements acting in the two different fields. In mapping the social order, the study uses data provided by the European Social Survey. Big data of the Global Data on Events, Location and Tone (GDELT) database offers information regarding the main social movements and their preferred type of action. The unit of the analysis is the so called ‘Visegrad 4’ countries: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary and the research uses data starting from 2005 (after the European accession of these four countries) until May, 2017. According to the data, the main hypotheses were confirmed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title="big data">big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Central%20and%20Eastern%20Europe" title=" Central and Eastern Europe"> Central and Eastern Europe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20society" title=" civil society"> civil society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDELT" title=" GDELT"> GDELT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20movements" title=" social movements"> social movements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83102/social-movements-of-central-eastern-europe-examining-trends-of-cooperation-and-antagonism-by-using-big-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Principles for the Realistic Determination of the in-situ Concrete Compressive Strength under Consideration of Rearrangement Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabea%20Sefrin">Rabea Sefrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Glock"> Christian Glock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juergen%20Schnell"> Juergen Schnell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The preservation of existing structures is of great economic interest because it contributes to higher sustainability and resource conservation. In the case of existing buildings, in addition to repair and maintenance, modernization or reconstruction works often take place in the course of adjustments or changes in use. Since the structural framework and the associated load level are usually changed in the course of the structural measures, the stability of the structure must be verified in accordance with the currently valid regulations. The concrete compressive strength of the existing structures concrete and the derived mechanical parameters are of central importance for the recalculation and verification. However, the compressive strength of the existing concrete is usually set comparatively low and thus underestimated. The reasons for this are too small numbers, and large scatter of material properties of the drill cores, which are used for the experimental determination of the design value of the compressive strength. Within a structural component, the load is usually transferred over the area with higher stiffness and consequently with higher compressive strength. Therefore, existing strength variations within a component only play a subordinate role due to rearrangement effects. This paper deals with the experimental and numerical determination of such rearrangement effects in order to calculate the concrete compressive strength of existing structures more realistic and economical. The influence of individual parameters such as the specimen geometry (prism or cylinder) or the coefficient of variation of the concrete compressive strength is analyzed in experimental small-part tests. The coefficients of variation commonly used in practice are adjusted by dividing the test specimens into several layers consisting of different concretes, which are monolithically connected to each other. From each combination, a sufficient number of the test specimen is produced and tested to enable evaluation on a statistical basis. Based on the experimental tests, FE simulations are carried out to validate the test results. In the frame of a subsequent parameter study, a large number of combinations is considered, which had not been investigated in the experimental tests yet. Thus, the influence of individual parameters on the size and characteristic of the rearrangement effect is determined and described more detailed. Based on the parameter study and the experimental results, a calculation model for a more realistic determination of the in situ concrete compressive strength is developed and presented. By considering rearrangement effects in concrete during recalculation, a higher number of existing structures can be maintained without structural measures. The preservation of existing structures is not only decisive from an economic, sustainable, and resource-saving point of view but also represents an added value for cultural and social aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=existing%20structures" title="existing structures">existing structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20concrete%20compressive%20strength" title=" in-situ concrete compressive strength"> in-situ concrete compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rearrangement%20effects" title=" rearrangement effects"> rearrangement effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recalculation" title=" recalculation"> recalculation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111817/principles-for-the-realistic-determination-of-the-in-situ-concrete-compressive-strength-under-consideration-of-rearrangement-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> The Composition of Biooil during Biomass Pyrolysis at Various Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoltan%20Sebestyen">Zoltan Sebestyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eszter%20Barta-Rajnai"> Eszter Barta-Rajnai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emma%20Jakab"> Emma Jakab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zsuzsanna%20Czegeny"> Zsuzsanna Czegeny</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extraction of the energy content of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the possible pathways to reduce the greenhouse gas emission derived from the burning of the fossil fuels. The application of the bioenergy can mitigate the energy dependency of a country from the foreign natural gas and the petroleum. The diversity of the plant materials makes difficult the utilization of the raw biomass in power plants. This problem can be overcome by the application of thermochemical techniques. Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of the raw materials under inert atmosphere at high temperatures, which produces pyrolysis gas, biooil and charcoal. The energy content of these products can be exploited by further utilization. The differences in the chemical and physical properties of the raw biomass materials can be reduced by the use of torrefaction. Torrefaction is a promising mild thermal pretreatment method performed at temperatures between 200 and 300 °C in an inert atmosphere. The goal of the pretreatment from a chemical point of view is the removal of water and the acidic groups of hemicelluloses or the whole hemicellulose fraction with minor degradation of cellulose and lignin in the biomass. Thus, the stability of biomass against biodegradation increases, while its energy density increases. The volume of the raw materials decreases so the expenses of the transportation and the storage are reduced as well. Biooil is the major product during pyrolysis and an important by-product during torrefaction of biomass. The composition of biooil mostly depends on the quality of the raw materials and the applied temperature. In this work, thermoanalytical techniques have been used to study the qualitative and quantitative composition of the pyrolysis and torrefaction oils of a woody (black locust) and two herbaceous samples (rape straw and wheat straw). The biooil contains C5 and C6 anhydrosugar molecules, as well as aromatic compounds originating from hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, respectively. In this study, special emphasis was placed on the formation of the lignin monomeric products. The structure of the lignin fraction is different in the wood and in the herbaceous plants. According to the thermoanalytical studies the decomposition of lignin starts above 200 °C and ends at about 500 °C. The lignin monomers are present among the components of the torrefaction oil even at relatively low temperatures. We established that the concentration and the composition of the lignin products vary significantly with the applied temperature indicating that different decomposition mechanisms dominate at low and high temperatures. The evolutions of decomposition products as well as the thermal stability of the samples were measured by thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry (TG/MS). The differences in the structure of the lignin products of woody and herbaceous samples were characterized by the method of pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). As a statistical method, principal component analysis (PCA) has been used to find correlation between the composition of lignin products of the biooil and the applied temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title="pyrolysis">pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torrefaction" title=" torrefaction"> torrefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biooil" title=" biooil"> biooil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignin" title=" lignin"> lignin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59154/the-composition-of-biooil-during-biomass-pyrolysis-at-various-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Professional Working Conditions, Mental Health And Mobility In The Hungarian Social Sector Preliminary Findings From A Multi-method Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81gnes%20Gy%C5%91ri">Ágnes Győri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%89va%20Perp%C3%A9k"> Éva Perpék</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zs%C3%B3fia%20Bauer"> Zsófia Bauer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zsuzsanna%20Elek"> Zsuzsanna Elek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the research (funded by Hungarian national grant, NFKI- FK 138315) is to examine the professional mobility, mental health and work environment of social workers with a complex approach. Previous international and Hungarian research has pointed out that those working in the helping professions are strongly exposed to the risk of emotional-mental-physical exhaustion due to stress. Mental and physical strain, as well as lack of coping (can) cause health problems, but its role in career change and high labor turnover has also been proven. Even though satisfaction with working conditions of those employed in the human service sector in the context of the stress burden has been researched extensively, there is a lack of large-sample international and Hungarian domestic studies exploring the effects of profession-specific conditions. Nor has it been examined how the specific features of the social profession and mental health affect the career mobility of the professionals concerned. In our research, these factors and their correlations are analyzed by means of mixed methodology, utilizing the benefits of netnographic big data analysis and a sector-specific quantitative survey. The netnographic analysis of open web content generated inside and outside the social profession offers a holistic overview of the influencing factors related to mental health and the work environment of social workers. On the one hand, the topics and topoi emerging in the external discourse concerning the sector are examined, and on the other hand, focus on mentions and streams of comments regarding the profession, burnout, stress, coping, as well as labor turnover and career changes among social professionals. The analysis focuses on new trends and changes in discourse that have emerged during and after the pandemic. In addition to the online conversation analysis, a survey of social professionals with a specific focus has been conducted. The questionnaire is based on input from the first two research phases. The applied approach underlines that the mobility paths of social professionals can only be understood if, apart from the general working conditions, the specific features of social work and the effects of certain aspects of mental health (emotional-mental-physical strain, resilience) are taken into account as well. In this paper, the preliminary results from this innovative methodological mix are presented, with the aim of highlighting new opportunities and dimensions in the research on social work. A gap in existing research is aimed to be filled both on a methodological and empirical level, and the Hungarian domestic findings can create a feasible and relevant framework for a further international investigation and cross-cultural comparative analysis. Said results can contribute to the foundation of organizational and policy-level interventions, targeted programs whereby the risk of burnout and the rate of career abandonment can be reduced. Exploring different aspects of resilience and mapping personality strengths can be a starting point for stress-management, motivation-building, and personality-development training for social professionals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burnout" title="burnout">burnout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20methods" title=" mixed methods"> mixed methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=netnography" title=" netnography"> netnography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20mobility" title=" professional mobility"> professional mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20work" title=" social work"> social work</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143515/professional-working-conditions-mental-health-and-mobility-in-the-hungarian-social-sector-preliminary-findings-from-a-multi-method-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th 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