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class="mw-page-title-main">Kandariya Mahadeva Temple</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7" title="معبد كاندريا ماهاديفا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معبد كاندريا ماهاديفا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0" title="কন্দারিয়া মহাদেব মন্দির – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কন্দারিয়া মহাদেব মন্দির" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandariya-Mahadeva-Tempel" title="Kandariya-Mahadeva-Tempel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kandariya-Mahadeva-Tempel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_Kandariya_Mahadev" title="Templo Kandariya Mahadev – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Templo Kandariya Mahadev" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_de_Kandariya_Mahadeva" title="Temple de Kandariya Mahadeva – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Temple de Kandariya Mahadeva" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5" title="कन्दारिया महादेव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कन्दारिया महादेव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuil_Kandariya_Mahadewa" title="Kuil Kandariya Mahadewa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuil Kandariya Mahadewa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempio_Ka%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81riy%C4%81_Mah%C4%81deva" title="Tempio Kaṇḍāriyā Mahādeva – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tempio Kaṇḍāriyā Mahādeva" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AF" title="ಕಂದಾರಿಯಾ ಮಹಾದೇವ ದೇವಾಲಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಂದಾರಿಯಾ ಮಹಾದೇವ ದೇವಾಲಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="კანდარია მაჰადევა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კანდარია მაჰადევა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82,_%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B" title="കന്ദരിയമഹാദേവക്ഷേത്രം, ഖജുരാഹോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കന്ദരിയമഹാദേവക്ഷേത്രം, ഖജുരാഹോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7" title="معبد كاندريا ماهاديفا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معبد كاندريا ماهاديفا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%8F-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кандарья-Махадева – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кандарья-Махадева" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="කන්දාරියා මහාදේව දේවාලය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කන්දාරියා මහාදේව දේවාලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandariya_Mahadeva" title="Kandariya Mahadeva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kandariya Mahadeva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கந்தாரிய மகாதேவர் கோயில் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கந்தாரிய மகாதேவர் கோயில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="కందారియా మహాదేవ మందిరం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కందారియా మహాదేవ మందిరం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3" title="กันทาริยามหาเทวมนเทียร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กันทาริยามหาเทวมนเทียร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple&params=24.8530_N_79.9197_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">24°51′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°55′11″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">24.8530°N 79.9197°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">24.8530; 79.9197</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest Hindu temple in Khajuraho temple complex, India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #FFC569">Kandariya Mahadeva Temple</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Khajuraho.KandariyaMahadeva.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Khajuraho.KandariyaMahadeva.jpg/220px-Khajuraho.KandariyaMahadeva.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Khajuraho.KandariyaMahadeva.jpg/330px-Khajuraho.KandariyaMahadeva.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Khajuraho.KandariyaMahadeva.jpg/440px-Khajuraho.KandariyaMahadeva.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFC569">Religion</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">District</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Chhatarpur_district" title="Chhatarpur district">Chhatarpur</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> (Mahadeva)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFC569">Location</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khajuraho" title="Khajuraho">Khajuraho</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">India</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kandariya Mahadeva Temple is located in India"><img alt="Kandariya Mahadeva Temple is located in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/India_relief_location_map.jpg/270px-India_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/India_relief_location_map.jpg/405px-India_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/India_relief_location_map.jpg/540px-India_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.914%;left:40.374%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kandariya Mahadeva Temple"><img alt="Kandariya Mahadeva Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/8px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/12px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/16px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within India</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Geographic coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple&params=24.8530_N_79.9197_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">24°51′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°55′11″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">24.8530°N 79.9197°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">24.8530; 79.9197</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFC569">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North Indian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vidyadhara_(Chandela_ruler)" title="Vidyadhara (Chandela ruler)">Vidyadhara</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data note"><i>circa</i> 1025-1050 CE</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kandariya Mahadeva Temple</b> (<a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>: कंदारिया महादेव मंदिर, <b><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Kandāriyā Mahādeva</i></span> Mandir</b>), meaning "the Great God of the <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a>", is the largest and most ornate <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temple</a> in the medieval temple group found at <a href="/wiki/Khajuraho" title="Khajuraho">Khajuraho</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhya Pradesh, India">Madhya Pradesh, India</a>. It is considered one of the best examples of <a href="/wiki/Temple" title="Temple">temples</a> preserved from the medieval period in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Because of its outstanding preservation and testimony to the <a href="/wiki/Chandela" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandela">Chandela</a> culture, the temple was inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a> in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khajuraho_temples_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Khajuraho_temples_map.jpg/220px-Khajuraho_temples_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Khajuraho_temples_map.jpg/330px-Khajuraho_temples_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Khajuraho_temples_map.jpg/440px-Khajuraho_temples_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption>Temples layout map of Khajuraho Group of Monuments: Kandariya Mahadeva Temple is in the western group</figcaption></figure> <p>Kandariya Mahadeva Temple is located in the <a href="/wiki/Chhatarpur_district" title="Chhatarpur district">Chhatarpur district</a> of Madhya Pradesh in <a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994468_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994468-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is in the <a href="/wiki/Khajuraho" title="Khajuraho">Khajuraho</a> village, and the temple complex is spread over an area of 6 square kilometres (2.3 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is in the western part of the village to the west of the <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> temple.<sup id="cite_ref-Orient_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orient-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The temple complex, in the Khajuraho village at an elevation of 282 metres (925 ft), is well connected by road, rail and air services. Khajuraho is 55 kilometres (34 mi) to the south of <a href="/wiki/Mahoba" title="Mahoba">Mahoba</a>, 47 kilometres (29 mi) away from the <a href="/wiki/Chhatarpur" title="Chhatarpur">Chhatarpur</a> city to its east, 43 kilometres (27 mi) away from <a href="/wiki/Panna,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Panna, Madhya Pradesh">Panna</a>, 175 kilometres (109 mi) by road away from <a href="/wiki/Jhansi" title="Jhansi">Jhansi</a> on the north, and 600 kilometres (370 mi) to the south - east of <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>. It is 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from the railway station.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994468_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994468-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Physical_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Physical-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khajuraho is served by <a href="/wiki/Khajuraho_Airport" title="Khajuraho Airport">Khajuraho Airport</a> (IATA Code: HJR), with services to Delhi, <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>. It is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-Physical_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Physical-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khajuraho was once the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Chandela" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandela">Chandela</a> dynasty. The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, one of the best examples of temples preserved from the medieval period in India,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994468_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994468-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bhatnagar_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhatnagar-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the largest of the western group of temples in the Khajuraho complex which was built by the Chandela rulers. Shiva is the chief deity in the temple deified in the <a href="/wiki/Sanctum_sanctorum" title="Sanctum sanctorum">sanctum sanctorum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Art_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Art-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kandariya Mahadeva temple was built during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Vidyadhara_(Chandela_ruler)" title="Vidyadhara (Chandela ruler)">Vidyadhara</a> (r. c. 1003-1035 CE).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESushil_Kumar_Sullerey200426_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESushil_Kumar_Sullerey200426-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At various periods of the reign of this dynasty many famous temples dedicated to Vishnu, Shiva, Surya, Shakti of the Hindu religion and also for the <a href="/wiki/Thirthankara" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirthankara">Thirthankaras</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jain_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain religion">Jain religion</a> were built. Vidhyadhara, also known as Bida in the recordings of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Athir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn al-Athir">Ibn-al-Athir</a> was a powerful ruler who fought <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni" title="Mahmud of Ghazni">Mahmud of Ghazni</a> in the first offensive launched by the latter in 1019.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994468_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994468-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This battle was not conclusive and Mahmud had to return to <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a>. Mahmud again waged war against Vidhyadhara in 1022. He attacked the <a href="/wiki/Kalinjar_Fort" title="Kalinjar Fort">fort of Kalinjar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994468_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994468-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The siege of the fort was unsuccessful. It was lifted and Mahmud and Vidhyadhara called a truce and parted by exchanging gifts. Vidhyadhara celebrated his success over Mahmud and other rulers by building the Kaṇḍāriyā Mahādeva Temple, dedicated to his family deity Shiva. Epigraphic inscriptions on a <a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">pilaster</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mandapa" title="Mandapa">mandapa</a> in the temple mentions the name of the builder of the temple as Virimda, which is interpreted as the pseudonym of Vidhyadhara.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994468_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994468-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its construction is dated to the period between 1025 and 1050 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All the extant temples in Khajuraho including the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple were inscribed in 1986 under the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites">List of World Heritage Sites</a> under Criterion III for its artistic creation and under Criterion V for the culture of the Chandelas that was dominant until the country was invaded by <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> in 1202.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Advisory_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Advisory-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Architecture_of_the_Khajuraho_temples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Architecture_of_the_Khajuraho_temples.jpg/250px-Architecture_of_the_Khajuraho_temples.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Architecture_of_the_Khajuraho_temples.jpg/375px-Architecture_of_the_Khajuraho_temples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Architecture_of_the_Khajuraho_temples.jpg/500px-Architecture_of_the_Khajuraho_temples.jpg 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Various features of the temple marked on the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_of_Kandariya_Mahadeva_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Plan_of_Kandariya_Mahadeva_temple.jpg/220px-Plan_of_Kandariya_Mahadeva_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Plan_of_Kandariya_Mahadeva_temple.jpg/330px-Plan_of_Kandariya_Mahadeva_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Plan_of_Kandariya_Mahadeva_temple.jpg/440px-Plan_of_Kandariya_Mahadeva_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Simplified map of the temple</figcaption></figure> <p>The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, 31 metres (102 ft) in height, is in the western complex, which is the largest among the three groups of the Khajuraho complex of temples.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This western group of temples, consisting of the Kandariya, Matangeshwara and <a href="/wiki/Vishvanatha_Temple,_Khajuraho" title="Vishvanatha Temple, Khajuraho">Vishvanatha</a> temples, is compared to a "cosmic design of a hexagon (a <a href="/wiki/Yantra" title="Yantra">yantra</a> or Cosmo gram)" representing the three forms of Shiva.<sup id="cite_ref-Physical_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Physical-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temple architecture is an assemblage of porches and towers which terminates in a <a href="/wiki/Shikhara" title="Shikhara">shikhara</a> or spire, a feature which was common from the 10th century onwards in the temples of Central India.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The temple is founded on a massive plinth of 4 metres (13 ft) height.<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temple structure above the plinth is dexterously planned and pleasingly detailed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The superstructure is built in a steep mountain shape or form, symbolic of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Meru" title="Mount Meru">Mount Meru</a> which is said to be the mythical source of creation of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Art_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Art-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The superstructure has richly decorated roofs which rise in a grand form terminating in the shikara, which has 84 miniature spires.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temple is in layout of 6 square kilometres (2.3 sq mi), of which 22 are extant including the Kaṇḍāriyā Mahādeva Temple. This temple is characteristically built over a plan of 31 metres (102 ft) in length and 20 metres (66 ft) in width with the main tower soaring to a height of 31 metres (102 ft), and is called the "largest and grandest temple of Khajuraho".<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420-21_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420-21-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A series of steep steps with high rise lead from the ground level to the entrance to the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss2009280–81_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss2009280–81-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The layout of the temple is a five-part design, a commonality with the Lakshmana and Vishvanatha temples in the Khajuraho complex. Right at the entrance there is <a href="/wiki/Torana" title="Torana">torana</a>, a very intricately carved garland which is sculpted from a single stone; such entrances are part of a Hindu wedding procession.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The carvings on the entrance gate shows the "tactile quality of the stone and also the character of the symmetrical design" that is on view in the entire temple which has high relief carvings of the figurines. Finely chiseled, the decorative quality of the ornamentation with the sharp inscribed lines has "strong angular forms and brilliant dark-light patterns". The carvings are of circles, undulations giving off spirals or sprays, geometric patterns, masks of lions and other uniform designs which has created a pleasant picture that is unique to this temple, among all others in the complex.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kandariya_mahadeva_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kandariya_mahadeva_temple.jpg/220px-Kandariya_mahadeva_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kandariya_mahadeva_temple.jpg/330px-Kandariya_mahadeva_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kandariya_mahadeva_temple.jpg/440px-Kandariya_mahadeva_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1884" data-file-height="2820" /></a><figcaption>The main temple tower with 84 mini spires</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India-5690_-_Flickr_-_archer10_(Dennis).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/India-5690_-_Flickr_-_archer10_%28Dennis%29.jpg/220px-India-5690_-_Flickr_-_archer10_%28Dennis%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/India-5690_-_Flickr_-_archer10_%28Dennis%29.jpg/330px-India-5690_-_Flickr_-_archer10_%28Dennis%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/India-5690_-_Flickr_-_archer10_%28Dennis%29.jpg/440px-India-5690_-_Flickr_-_archer10_%28Dennis%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Erotic sculptures on the external walls of the temple</figcaption></figure> <p>In the interior space from the entrance there are three mandapas or halls, which successively rise in height and width, which is inclusive of a small chamber dedicated to Shiva, a chamber where the Shiva linga, the phallic emblem of Shiva is deified. The sanctum sanctorum is surrounded by interlinked passages which also have side and front balconies. Due to inadequate natural light in the balconies the sanctum has very little light thus creating a "cave like atmosphere" which is in total contrast to the external parts of the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Museum_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss2009281_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss2009281-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot200616–17_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot200616–17-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the interior halls of the temple and on its exterior faces there are elaborately carved sculptures of gods and goddesses, musicians and apsaras or nymphs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The huge pillars of the halls have architectural features of the "vine or scroll motif". In the corners of the halls there are insets which are carved on the surface with incised patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a main tower above the sanctum and there are two other towers above the other mantapas also in the shape of "semi-rounded, stepped, pyramidal form with progressively greater height". The main tower is encircled by a series of interlinked towers and spires of smaller size.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss2009282_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss2009282-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are in the form of a repeated subset of miniature spires that abut a central core which gives the temple an unevenly cut contour similar to the shape of a mountain range of mount <a href="/wiki/Kailasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kailasa">Kailasa</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> where god Shiva resides, which is appropriate to the theme of the temples here.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot200616–17_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot200616–17-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exterior surfaces of the temples are entirely covered with sculptures in three vertical layers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here, there are horizontal ribbons carved with images, which shine bright in the sun light, providing rhythmic architectural features. Among the images of gods and heavenly beings, <a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a>, the god of fire is prominent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are niches where erotic sculptures are fitted all round which are a major attraction among visitors. Some of these erotic sculptures are very finely carved and are in <a href="/wiki/Mithuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithuna">mithuna</a> (coitus) postures with maidens flanking the couple, which is a frequently noted motif. There is also a "male figure suspended upside" in coitus posture, a kind of yogic pose, down on his head.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The niches also have sculptures of <a href="/wiki/Saptamatrikas" class="mw-redirect" title="Saptamatrikas">Saptamatrikas</a>, the septad of mother goddesses along with the gods <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virabhadra" title="Virabhadra">Virabhadra</a>. The seven fearful protector goddesses include: Brahmi seated on a swan of <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a>; Maheshwari with three eyes seated on Shiva's bull <a href="/wiki/Nandi_(bull)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandi (bull)">Nandi</a>; Kumari; <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavi_(Matrika_goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnavi (Matrika goddess)">Vaishnavi</a> mounted on <a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a>; the boar-headed <a href="/wiki/Varahi" title="Varahi">Varahi</a>; the lion-headed <a href="/wiki/Narasimhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Narasimhi">Narasimhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chamunda" title="Chamunda">Chamunda</a>, the slayer of demons Chanda and Munda.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The image of Sardula, a mythical creature with lion face and human limbs in lower panel is a unique figure seen in the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-unesco-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/240">"Khajuraho Group of Monuments"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oriental Architecture.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kandariya+Temple+%28built+c.+1025%E2%80%931050%29&rft.pub=Oriental+Architecture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orientalarchitecture.com%2Findia%2Fkhajuraho%2Fkandariya.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420–21_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbram2003">Abram 2003</a>, pp. 420–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Physical-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Physical_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Physical_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Physical_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/38879/11/11_chapter%202.pdf">"Physical and Regional Setting of Khajuraho"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Shodhganga – INFLIBNET Centre.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Physical+and+Regional+Setting+of+Khajuraho&rft.pub=Shodhganga+%E2%80%93+INFLIBNET+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in%2Fbitstream%2F10603%2F38879%2F11%2F11_chapter%25202.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150708201920/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/khajuraho_generalinfo.jsp">"Khajuraho airport"</a>. Airport Authority of India (AAI). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/khajuraho_generalinfo.jsp">the original</a> on 8 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Khajuraho+airport&rft.pub=Airport+Authority+of+India+%28AAI%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aai.aero%2FallAirports%2Fkhajuraho_generalinfo.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bhatnagar-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bhatnagar_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhatnagar1999" class="citation web cs1">Bhatnagar, Asgwini (20 March 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99mar20/saturday/head1.htm">"Ode to immortality Celebrating 1000 years of celestial ecstasy"</a>. <i>The Tribune</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=Ode+to+immortality+Celebrating+1000+years+of+celestial+ecstasy&rft.date=1999-03-20&rft.aulast=Bhatnagar&rft.aufirst=Asgwini&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F1999%2F99mar20%2Fsaturday%2Fhead1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Art-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Art_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Art_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190622154801/http://education.asianart.org/explore-resources/background-information/kandariya-mahadeva-temple">"Kandariya Mahadeva Temple"</a>. Asian Art Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.asianart.org/explore-resources/background-information/kandariya-mahadeva-temple">the original</a> on 22 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kandariya+Mahadeva+Temple&rft.pub=Asian+Art+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.asianart.org%2Fexplore-resources%2Fbackground-information%2Fkandariya-mahadeva-temple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESushil_Kumar_Sullerey200426-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESushil_Kumar_Sullerey200426_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSushil_Kumar_Sullerey2004">Sushil Kumar Sullerey 2004</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Advisory-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Advisory_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/240.pdf">"Evaluation Report:World Heritage List No 240"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. UNESCO Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evaluation+Report%3AWorld+Heritage+List+No+240&rft.pub=UNESCO+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Farchive%2Fadvisory_body_evaluation%2F240.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brit-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brit_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brit_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/place/Kandarya-Mahadeva">"Kandarya Mahadeva"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kandarya+Mahadeva&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FKandarya-Mahadeva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Museum-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Museum_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Museum_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207105433/http://www.mwr.org.tw/content_en/exhibitions/permanent-exhibition/sub_12.aspx">"The Greatest Sacred Buildings"</a>. Museum of World Religions. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mwr.org.tw/content_en/exhibitions/permanent-exhibition/sub_12.aspx">the original</a> on 7 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Greatest+Sacred+Buildings&rft.pub=Museum+of+World+Religions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mwr.org.tw%2Fcontent_en%2Fexhibitions%2Fpermanent-exhibition%2Fsub_12.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen1991210_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen1991">Allen 1991</a>, p. 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420-21-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbram2003420-21_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbram2003">Abram 2003</a>, p. 420-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss2009280–81-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss2009280–81_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoss2009">Ross 2009</a>, pp. 280–81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss2009281-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss2009281_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoss2009">Ross 2009</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot200616–17-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot200616–17_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot200616–17_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAsherTalbot2006">Asher & Talbot 2006</a>, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss2009282-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss2009282_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoss2009">Ross 2009</a>, p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamakrishna2018" class="citation journal cs1">Ramakrishna, Lalitha (September 2018). "Grand temples of Madhya Pradesh". <i>Tattvaloka</i>. <b>XLI</b> (6). <a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a>: Sri Abhinava Vidyatheertha Mahaswamigal Educational Trust: 47–52. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0970-8901">0970-8901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tattvaloka&rft.atitle=Grand+temples+of+Madhya+Pradesh&rft.volume=XLI&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=47-52&rft.date=2018-09&rft.issn=0970-8901&rft.aulast=Ramakrishna&rft.aufirst=Lalitha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbram2003" class="citation book cs1">Abram, David (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&pg=PA420"><i>Rough Guide to India</i></a>. Rough Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-089-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-089-3"><bdi>978-1-84353-089-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rough+Guide+to+India&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84353-089-3&rft.aulast=Abram&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkAMik_6LbwUC%26pg%3DPA420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1991" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Margaret Prosser (1 January 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vyXxEX5PQH8C&pg=PA210"><i>Ornament in Indian Architecture</i></a>. University of Delaware Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87413-399-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87413-399-8"><bdi>978-0-87413-399-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ornament+in+Indian+Architecture&rft.pub=University+of+Delaware+Press&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-87413-399-8&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Margaret+Prosser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvyXxEX5PQH8C%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsherTalbot2006" class="citation book cs1">Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (16 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA16"><i>India Before Europe</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80904-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80904-7"><bdi>978-0-521-80904-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Before+Europe&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006-03-16&rft.isbn=978-0-521-80904-7&rft.aulast=Asher&rft.aufirst=Catherine+B.&rft.au=Talbot%2C+Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZvaGuaJIJgoC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramrisch1988" class="citation book cs1">Kramrisch, Stella (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cjqfkgD6YCAC&pg=PA459"><i>The Presence of Siva</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0491-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0491-3"><bdi>978-81-208-0491-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presence+of+Siva&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0491-3&rft.aulast=Kramrisch&rft.aufirst=Stella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcjqfkgD6YCAC%26pg%3DPA459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeuthold2010" class="citation book cs1">Leuthold, Steven (16 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z9GsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA133"><i>Cross-Cultural Issues in Art: Frames for Understanding</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-85455-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-85455-2"><bdi>978-1-136-85455-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cross-Cultural+Issues+in+Art%3A+Frames+for+Understanding&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft.isbn=978-1-136-85455-2&rft.aulast=Leuthold&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz9GsAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRingSalkinBoda1994" class="citation book cs1">Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert M.; Boda, Sharon La (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vWLRxJEU49EC&pg=PA468"><i>International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-04-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-04-6"><bdi>978-1-884964-04-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places%3A+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-04-6&rft.aulast=Ring&rft.aufirst=Trudy&rft.au=Salkin%2C+Robert+M.&rft.au=Boda%2C+Sharon+La&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvWLRxJEU49EC%26pg%3DPA468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2009" class="citation book cs1">Ross, Leslie D. (4 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0EXyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA281"><i>Art and Architecture of the World's Religions</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34287-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34287-5"><bdi>978-0-313-34287-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+and+Architecture+of+the+World%27s+Religions&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2009-06-04&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34287-5&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Leslie+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0EXyCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSushil_Kumar_Sullerey2004" class="citation book cs1">Sushil Kumar Sullerey (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rj8RusFpYHIC&pg=PA25"><i>Chandella Art</i></a>. Aakar. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-87879-32-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-87879-32-9"><bdi>978-81-87879-32-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chandella+Art&rft.pub=Aakar&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-87879-32-9&rft.au=Sushil+Kumar+Sullerey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRj8RusFpYHIC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKandariya+Mahadeva+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Michell, George; Singh, Snehal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051026221034/http://news-sv.aij.or.jp/jabs/s1/jabs0208-013.PDF#search=%22kandariya%20mahadeva%22">Hindu temples of India</a> (PDF)</li> <li>Surface, Space and Intention: The Parthenon and the Kandariya Mahadeva. Gregory D. Alles. <i>History of Religions</i>, Vol. 28, No.1, August 1988, pp. 1–36.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kandariya Mahadeva Temple">Kandariya Mahadeva Temple</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1000_1099/kandariya/kandariya.html">Website with pictures of the Kandariya Mahadeva temple.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://personal.carthage.edu/jlochtefeld/picturepages/Khajuraho/architecture.html">The architecture of Khajuraho temples</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302071937/http://personal.carthage.edu/jlochtefeld/picturepages/Khajuraho/architecture.html">Archived</a> 2 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/347639/Hindu_Temple_Fractals">William J. Jackson, Academia website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greatancientindia.com/kandariya-mahadeva-temple-khajuraho/">Detailed Article on Kandariya Mahadeva Temple.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210526104245/http://greatancientindia.com/kandariya-mahadeva-temple-khajuraho/">Archived</a> 26 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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class="mw-selflink selflink">Kandariya Mahadeva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmana_Temple,_Khajuraho" title="Lakshmana Temple, Khajuraho">Lakshmana Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Temple,_Khajuraho" title="Lakshmi Temple, Khajuraho">Lakshmi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalguan_Mahadeva_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Lalguan Mahadeva temple">Lalguan Mahadeva temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matangeshvara_temple,_Khajuraho" class="mw-redirect" title="Matangeshvara temple, Khajuraho">Matangeshwara Mahadeva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandi_Temple,_Khajuraho_India" title="Nandi Temple, Khajuraho India">Nandi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati_Temple,_Khajuraho" title="Parvati Temple, Khajuraho">Parvati Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Temple,_Khajuraho" title="Varaha Temple, Khajuraho">Varaha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvanatha_Temple,_Khajuraho" title="Vishvanatha Temple, Khajuraho">Vishvanatha Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Group (Hindu)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Temple,_Khajuraho" title="Brahma Temple, Khajuraho">Brahma Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javari_Temple,_Khajuraho" title="Javari Temple, Khajuraho">Javari Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamana_Temple,_Khajuraho" title="Vamana Temple, Khajuraho">Vamana Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jain_temples_of_Khajuraho" title="Jain temples of Khajuraho">Eastern Group (Jain)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinatha_temple,_Khajuraho" title="Adinatha temple, Khajuraho">Adinatha temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parshvanatha_temple,_Khajuraho" title="Parshvanatha temple, Khajuraho">Parshvanatha temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantinatha_temple,_Khajuraho" title="Shantinatha temple, Khajuraho">Shantinatha temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghantai_temple" title="Ghantai temple">Ghantai temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beejamandal" title="Beejamandal">Beejamandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturbhuj_Temple_(Khajuraho)" title="Chaturbhuj Temple (Khajuraho)">Chaturbhuj Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duladeo_Temple" title="Duladeo Temple">Duladeo Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archeological_Museum,_Khajuraho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archeological Museum, Khajuraho (page does not exist)"> Archeological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jain_Museum,_Khajuraho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jain Museum, Khajuraho (page does not exist)">Jain Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple&oldid=1261954467">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple&oldid=1261954467</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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