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袠褋褌芯褉懈泻芯-泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪褘泄 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻 "小褌褉邪薪邪 袗褉泻邪懈屑". 袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻芯谐芯 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻" , 孝芯屑 4 @ 袧袗笑袠袨袧袗袥鞋袧蝎袡 袗孝袥袗小 袪袨小小袠袠
<!doctype html> <html lang="ru"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/main.css"> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function () { $(window).scroll(function () { if ($(this).scrollTop() > 100) { $('.scroll-top').fadeIn(); } else { $('.scroll-top').fadeOut(); } }); $('.scroll-top').click(function () { $("html, body").animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 100); return false; }); }); </script> <title> 袠褋褌芯褉懈泻芯-泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪褘泄 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻 "小褌褉邪薪邪 袗褉泻邪懈屑". 袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻芯谐芯 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻" , 孝芯屑 4 @ 袧袗笑袠袨袧袗袥鞋袧蝎袡 袗孝袥袗小 袪袨小小袠袠 </title> <script data-ad-client="ca-pub-3561606891822859" async 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text-secondarytext-primary active" href="/tom4/">孝芯屑 4</a> </div> </nav> <div class="mt-3 container border bg-white shadow p-3 mb-5 bg-body rounded"> <div class="container"> <h1 style="font-size: 4vmin" class="display-4 float-right"> 孝芯屑 4 </h1> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 blog-main"> <h2 class="pb-3 mb-4 font-italic border-bottom"> 袣褍谢褜褌褍褉薪芯械 懈 锌褉懈褉芯写薪芯械 薪邪褋谢械写懈械 袪芯褋褋懈懈 </h2> <div class="tgx-vbf" data-vbf-id="25311" data-vbf-exp="1" data-vbf-hide="0" data-vbf-loop="10"></div> <div class="blog-post"> <h2 class="blog-post-title"> 袠褋褌芯褉懈泻芯-泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪褘泄 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻 "小褌褉邪薪邪 袗褉泻邪懈屑". 袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻芯谐芯 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻" </h2> <figure class="figure float-right text-center ml-3 mb-2"> <img alt="" src="/static/maps4/409_1.gif" width="300" class="figure-img img-fluid mt-2"> <figcaption class="figure-caption"><em>袩芯褋械谢械薪懈械 袗褉泻邪懈屑</em></figcaption> </figure> <p class="text-justify">袙 1987 谐. 谐褉褍锌锌芯泄 邪褉褏械芯谢芯谐芯胁 锌芯写 褉褍泻芯胁芯写褋褌胁芯屑 袚.袘. 袟写邪薪芯胁懈褔邪 薪邪 褞谐械 效械谢褟斜懈薪褋泻芯泄 芯斜谢邪褋褌懈 (袘褉械写懈薪褋泻懈泄 褉邪泄芯薪), 锌褉懈 胁锌邪写械薪懈懈 褉械泻懈 校褌褟谐邪泄泻邪 胁 褉械泻褍 袘芯谢褜褕邪褟 袣邪褉邪谐邪薪泻邪, 斜褘谢 芯斜薪邪褉褍卸械薪 懈 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪 锌邪屑褟褌薪懈泻, 锌芯谢褍褔懈胁褕懈泄 薪邪蟹胁邪薪懈械 <strong>袗褉泻邪懈屑</strong> 懈 锌芯谢芯卸懈胁褕懈泄 薪邪褔邪谢芯 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈褞 褋懈薪褌邪褕褌懈薪褋泻芯泄 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉褘, 芯褌薪芯褋褟褖械泄褋褟 泻 斜褉芯薪蟹芯胁芯屑褍 胁械泻褍 (XVII–XVI 胁胁. 写芯 薪. 褝.). 袟写械褋褜 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁谢械薪褘 褋懈褋褌械屑褘 褍泻褉械锌谢褢薪薪褘褏 锌褉芯褌芯谐芯褉芯写褋泻懈褏 锌芯褋械谢械薪懈泄 褋 锌褉懈谢械谐邪褞褖懈屑懈 泻 薪懈屑 褍褔邪褋褌泻邪屑懈 写褉械胁薪械谐芯 锌褉懈褉芯写芯锌芯谢褜蟹芯胁邪薪懈褟, 屑芯谐懈谢褜薪懈泻邪屑懈, 薪械褍泻褉械锌谢褢薪薪褘屑懈 锌芯褋械谢械薪懈褟屑懈. 袛邪薪薪邪褟 褉邪褋褋械谢械薪褔械褋泻邪褟 褋懈褋褌械屑邪 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 褍薪懈泻邪谢褜薪褘屑 <em>泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪芯-谢邪薪写褕邪褎褌薪褘屑 泻芯屑锌谢械泻褋芯屑</em> II 褌褘褋. 写芯 薪. 褝. 褋 懈褋泻谢褞褔懈褌械谢褜薪芯 胁褘褋芯泻芯泄 褋褌械锌械薪褜褞 芯褉谐邪薪懈蟹邪褑懈懈 褋械谢懈褌械斜薪芯谐芯 锌褉芯褋褌褉邪薪褋褌胁邪, 褋芯褏褉邪薪薪芯褋褌褜褞 懈 薪邪谢懈褔懈械屑 屑薪芯卸械褋褌胁械薪薪褘褏 褋谢械写芯胁 写褉械胁薪械谐芯 锌褉懈褉芯写芯锌芯谢褜蟹芯胁邪薪懈褟, 褔褌芯 薪械 懈屑械械褌 屑懈褉芯胁褘褏 邪薪邪谢芯谐芯胁.</p> <p class="text-justify">袣褍谢褜褌褍褉薪芯-谢邪薪写褕邪褎褌薪褘泄 泻芯屑锌谢械泻褋 锌褉懈褍褉芯褔械薪 泻 胁芯写芯褉邪蟹写械谢褍 褉械泻 校褉邪谢 懈 孝芯斜芯谢 褞卸薪械械 褉械泻懈 校泄 懈 蟹邪薪懈屑邪械褌 芯斜褕懈褉薪褘泄 褍褔邪褋褌芯泻 褍褉邪谢褜褋泻芯谐芯 锌械写懈锌谢械薪邪 锌谢芯褖邪写褜褞 芯泻芯谢芯 50 褌褘褋. 泻屑<sup>2</sup>, 写谢褟 泻芯褌芯褉芯谐芯 褏邪褉邪泻褌械褉薪芯 斜谢懈蟹泻芯械 蟹邪谢械谐邪薪懈械 泻 锌芯胁械褉褏薪芯褋褌懈 褉褍写薪褘褏 懈褋泻芯锌邪械屑褘褏. 袙褋械谐芯 斜褘谢芯 芯斜薪邪褉褍卸械薪芯 芯泻芯谢芯 写胁褍褏 写械褋褟褌泻芯胁 邪薪邪谢芯谐懈褔薪褘褏 芯斜褗械泻褌芯胁, 褉邪褋褋褌芯褟薪懈械 屑械卸写褍 泻芯褌芯褉褘屑懈 褋芯褋褌邪胁谢褟械褌 50–70 泻屑 (写薪械胁薪芯泄 泻芯薪薪褘泄 锌械褉械褏芯写), 懈蟹 薪懈褏 袗褉泻邪懈屑 — 薪邪懈斜芯谢械械 褉械锌褉械蟹械薪褌邪褌懈胁薪褘泄 懈 懈蟹褍褔械薪薪褘泄 泻芯屑锌谢械泻褋.</p> <p class="text-justify">袙褋械 褝褌懈 锌邪屑褟褌薪懈泻懈 邪褉褏械芯谢芯谐懈懈 斜褘谢懈 锌芯褋褌邪胁谢械薪褘 薪邪 谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪褍褞 芯褏褉邪薪褍 泻邪泻 芯斜褗械泻褌褘 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪芯谐芯 薪邪褋谢械写懈褟. 袧邪 芯褋薪芯胁械 斜芯谐邪褌械泄褕械谐芯 屑邪褌械褉懈邪谢邪, 锌芯谢褍褔械薪薪芯谐芯 胁 褏芯写械 邪褉褏械芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻懈褏 褉邪褋泻芯锌芯泻, 胁 袗褉泻邪懈屑械 斜褘谢 褋芯蟹写邪薪 <em>屑褍蟹械泄</em> <em>锌褉懈褉芯写褘 懈 褔械谢芯胁械泻邪</em>, 邪 褋邪屑 锌邪屑褟褌薪懈泻 褋 锌褉懈谢械谐邪褞褖懈屑懈 褍谐芯写褜褟屑懈 胁芯褕械谢 胁 谐褉邪薪懈褑褘 褋芯蟹写邪薪薪芯谐芯 胁 褌械 谐芯写褘 褎懈谢懈邪谢邪 谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪芯谐芯 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻邪 «袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻懈泄».</p> <p class="text-justify">袩芯褋械谢械薪懈褟 懈屑械谢懈 芯胁邪谢褜薪褍褞 懈谢懈 锌褉褟屑芯褍谐芯谢褜薪褍褞 胁 锌谢邪薪械 褎芯褉屑褍, 斜褘谢懈 芯泻褉褍卸械薪褘 芯斜芯褉芯薪懈褌械谢褜薪褘屑懈 褋褌械薪邪屑懈, 锌芯 锌械褉懈屑械褌褉褍 泻芯褌芯褉褘褏 褋 胁薪褍褌褉械薪薪械泄 褋褌芯褉芯薪褘 褉邪褋锌芯谢邪谐邪谢懈褋褜 胁 薪械褋泻芯谢褜泻芯 褉褟写芯胁 卸懈谢懈褖邪. 袦械卸写褍 褉褟写邪屑懈 斜褘谢懈 锌褉芯褏芯写褘 — «褍谢懈褑褘», 褋芯械写懈薪褟胁褕懈械 卸懈谢懈褖邪 褋 薪邪褏芯写褟褖械泄褋褟 锌芯 褑械薪褌褉褍 锌谢芯褖邪写褜褞 懈 褋谢褍卸懈胁褕懈械 屑械褋褌芯屑 锌褉芯泻谢邪写泻懈 芯褌胁芯写褟褖械泄 褋懈褋褌械屑褘 褋褌芯泻芯胁. 袣邪卸写芯械 卸懈谢懈褖械 懈屑械谢芯 泻芯谢芯写械褑, 锌芯谐褉械斜, 芯褔邪谐 褋 屑械褌邪谢谢褍褉谐懈褔械褋泻芯泄 锌械褔褜褞.</p> <p class="text-justify"><em>袩芯褋械谢械薪懈械 袗褉泻邪懈屑</em> 锌谢芯褖邪写褜褞 芯泻芯谢芯 20 褌褘褋. 屑<sup>2</sup> 懈屑械谢芯 胁薪械褕薪懈泄 懈 胁薪褍褌褉械薪薪懈泄 泻褉褍谐 芯斜芯褉芯薪懈褌械谢褜薪褘褏 褋褌械薪 懈 卸懈谢懈褖邪 胁薪褍褌褉械薪薪械谐芯 懈 胁薪械褕薪械谐芯 泻褉褍谐邪 锌芯 110–180 屑<sup>2</sup> 泻邪卸写芯械, 邪 褌邪泻卸械 褉邪写懈邪谢褜薪褘械 褋褌械薪褘-锌械褉械谐芯褉芯写泻懈, 褔褌芯 锌芯蟹胁芯谢褟谢芯 写械褉卸邪褌褜 芯斜芯褉芯薪褍 锌褉懈 薪邪锌邪写械薪懈懈 胁褉邪谐邪 写邪卸械 胁 芯褌写械谢褜薪芯屑 褋械泻褌芯褉械 锌芯褋械谢械薪懈褟. 袧邪褋械谢械薪懈械 蟹邪薪懈屑邪谢芯褋褜 褋泻芯褌芯胁芯写褋褌胁芯屑, 胁褘锌谢邪胁泻芯泄 懈 芯斜褉邪斜芯褌泻芯泄 屑械褌邪谢谢邪 懈 芯谐褉邪薪懈褔械薪薪芯 — 蟹械屑谢械写械谢懈械屑, 芯 褔械屑 褋胁懈写械褌械谢褜褋褌胁褍褞褌 邪褉褏械芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻懈械 薪邪褏芯写泻懈. 袦械褋褌邪 锌芯谐褉械斜械薪懈褟 褍褋芯锌褕懈褏 薪邪褏芯写懈谢懈褋褜 芯褌 锌芯褋械谢械薪懈泄 薪邪 褋褌芯褉芯薪械 蟹邪泻邪褌邪 褋芯谢薪褑邪, 薪邪 薪械泻芯褌芯褉芯屑 褍写邪谢械薪懈懈, 懈 褋褎芯褉屑懈褉芯胁邪薪褘 谐褉褍锌锌邪屑懈 泻褍褉谐邪薪芯胁 懈 屑芯谐懈谢褜薪褘屑懈 锌芯谢褟屑懈 褋芯 褋胁芯械芯斜褉邪蟹薪芯泄 泻芯薪褋褌褉褍泻褑懈械泄 锌芯谐褉械斜邪谢褜薪褘褏 褟屑, 懈屑械胁褕懈褏 芯斜褕懈褉薪褘械 锌芯谢褘械 泻邪屑械褉褘, 褍褋褌褍锌褘, 锌械褉械泻褉褘褌懈褟. 袙 斜芯谐邪褌芯屑 锌芯谐褉械斜邪谢褜薪芯屑 懈薪胁械薪褌邪褉械 褏邪褉邪泻褌械褉薪褘 懈蟹写械谢懈褟 懈蟹 斜褉芯薪蟹褘, 泻械褉邪屑懈泻懈 懈 芯褋褌邪薪泻懈 卸械褉褌胁械薪薪褘褏 卸懈胁芯褌薪褘褏. 袗薪褌褉芯锌芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻懈泄 褌懈锌 薪邪褋械谢械薪懈褟 — 锌褉芯褌芯械胁褉芯锌械芯懈写薪褘泄.</p> <p class="text-justify">袩芯褋械谢械薪懈褟 褉邪褋锌芯谢邪谐邪谢懈褋褜 泻邪泻 锌褉邪胁懈谢芯 锌芯 褑械薪褌褉褍 芯斜褕懈褉薪褘褏 褔邪褕械芯斜褉邪蟹薪褘褏 泻芯褌谢芯胁懈薪, 芯泻褉褍卸褢薪薪褘褏 薪械胁褘褋芯泻懈屑懈 褋芯锌泻邪屑懈 懈 锌褉芯褉械蟹邪械屑褘褏 褉械褔薪褘屑懈 写芯谢懈薪邪屑懈. 袧邪 褌械褉褉邪褋芯胁褘褏 芯褋褌邪薪褑邪褏 褝褌懈褏 写芯谢懈薪, 锌褉懈 褉械褔薪褘褏 屑械邪薪写褉邪褏, 褎芯褉屑懈褉芯胁邪谢懈褋褜 薪邪懈谢褍褔褕懈械 褍褋谢芯胁懈褟 蟹邪褖懈褌褘, 泻芯褌芯褉褘械 写芯胁芯写懈谢懈褋褜 写芯 褋芯胁械褉褕械薪褋褌胁邪 褋 锌芯屑芯褖褜褞 谐懈写褉芯褌械褏薪懈褔械褋泻懈褏 褋芯芯褉褍卸械薪懈泄 胁 胁懈写械 芯斜胁邪谢芯胁芯泻, 泻邪薪邪谢芯胁, 锌谢芯褌懈薪, 锌褉褍写芯胁, 褋锌褉褟屑谢褢薪薪褘褏 褉褍褋械谢. 袟械屑谢懈 胁 写芯谢懈薪邪褏 懈屑械谢懈 芯锌褌懈屑邪谢褜薪褘泄 写谢褟 蟹械屑谢械写械谢懈褟 褉械卸懈屑 褍胁谢邪卸薪械薪懈褟, 褋褌械锌懈 懈褋锌芯谢褜蟹芯胁邪谢懈褋褜 锌芯写 胁褘锌邪褋 褋泻芯褌邪, 邪 谢邪蟹褍褉懈褌-屑邪谢邪褏懈褌芯胁褘械 锌褉芯褟胁谢械薪懈褟 屑械写懈 胁 芯泻褉械褋褌薪芯褋褌褟褏 懈 写褉械胁械褋薪褘械 褉械褋褍褉褋褘 谢械褋薪褘褏 褍褉芯褔懈褖 — 写谢褟 写芯斜褘褔懈 懈 胁褘锌谢邪胁泻懈 屑械褌邪谢谢芯胁. 袧邪 胁械褉褕懈薪邪褏 褋芯褋械写薪懈褏 褏芯谢屑芯胁 锌褉芯胁芯写懈谢懈褋褜 泻褍谢褜褌芯胁褘械 褑械褉械屑芯薪懈懈, 芯 褔褢屑 褋胁懈写械褌械谢褜褋褌胁褍褞褌 褋谢械写褘 泻邪屑械薪薪褘褏 胁褘泻谢邪写芯泻 懈 蟹邪褏芯褉芯薪械薪懈泄.</p> <p class="text-justify">袙 2007 谐. 锌芯褋械谢械薪懈械 袗褉泻邪懈屑 懈 褉褟写 写褉褍谐懈褏 邪薪邪谢芯谐懈褔薪褘褏 锌褉芯褌芯谐芯褉芯写褋泻懈褏 锌芯褋械谢械薪懈泄 斜褘谢懈 芯斜褗褟胁谢械薪褘 <strong>懈褋褌芯褉懈泻芯-泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪褘屑 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻芯屑 «小褌褉邪薪邪 袗褉泻邪懈屑»</strong>. 袧邪褉褟写褍 褋 袗褉泻邪懈屑芯屑 胁 薪械谐芯 胁芯褕谢懈 14 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪芯-谢邪薪写褕邪褎褌薪褘褏 泻芯屑锌谢械泻褋芯胁: 小褌械锌薪芯械, 效械褉薪芯褉械褔褜械 (孝褉芯懈褑泻懈泄 褉邪泄芯薪); 袨褋褌褉芯谢械薪泻芯 (袧邪谐邪泄斜邪泻褋泻懈泄 褉邪泄芯薪); 校褋褌褜械, 袪芯写薪懈泻懈, 袞褍褉褍屑斜邪泄, 袣邪屑械薪薪褘泄 袗屑斜邪褉 (袣邪褉褌邪谢懈薪褋泻懈泄 褉邪泄芯薪); 袠褋懈薪械泄 (袙邪褉薪械薪褋泻懈泄 褉邪泄芯薪); 袣懈蟹懈谢褜褋泻芯械, 袣褍泄褋邪泻, 小邪褉褘屑-小邪泻谢褘 (袣懈蟹懈谢褜褋泻懈泄 褉邪泄芯薪); 小懈薪褌邪褕褌邪, 袗薪写褉械械胁褋泻芯械, 袘械褉褋褍邪褌 (袘褉械写懈薪褋泻懈泄 褉邪泄芯薪).</p> <div class="text-center"> <img alt="" src="/static/maps4/409_2.gif" width="650" style="margin: 10px; float: none; max-width:100%"> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <div class="row align-items-top"> <div class="col p-0"> <em>袩芯褋械谢械薪懈械 袘械褉褋褍邪褌</em> </div> <div class="col p-0"> <em>袩芯褋械谢械薪懈械 袗薪写褉械械胁褋泻芯械</em> </div> <div class="col p-0"> <em>袣褍褉谐邪薪 "孝械屑懈褉". 袪芯写芯胁邪褟 褍褋褘锌邪谢褜薪懈褑邪 泻芯褔械胁薪懈泻芯胁<br>V-IV 胁胁. 写芯 薪.褝. (褉械泻芯薪褋褌褉褍泻褑懈褟)</em> </div> </div> </div> <p class="text-center"><strong>袠袥鞋袦袝袧小袣袠袡 袟袗袩袨袙袝袛袧袠袣 </strong></p> <div class="float-left"> <div class="text-center"> <img alt="" src="/static/maps4/409_3.gif" width="300" style="margin: 10px; float: none; max-width:100%"> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <div class="row align-items-top"> <div class="col p-0"> <em>小泻邪谢邪 小芯泻芯谢懈薪泻邪</em> </div> <div class="col p-0"> <em>袘谢褞屑芯胁褋泻邪褟 泻芯锌褜</em> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p class="text-justify">袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻懈泄 谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪褘泄 锌褉懈褉芯写薪褘泄 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻 褉邪褋锌芯谢芯卸械薪 薪邪 胁芯褋褌芯褔薪褘褏 褋泻谢芯薪邪褏 挟卸薪芯谐芯 校褉邪谢邪, 泻 褋械胁械褉芯-胁芯褋褌芯泻褍 芯褌 谐芯褉芯写邪 袦懈邪褋褋. 袩谢芯褖邪写褜 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻邪 褋芯褋褌邪胁谢褟械褌 30,4 褌褘褋. 谐邪.</p> <p class="text-justify">袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻懈泄 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻 胁泻谢褞褔邪械褌 袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻懈泄 褏褉械斜械褌, 褏褉械斜械褌 袣芯褋芯泄 谐芯褉褘 懈 屑薪芯谐芯褔懈褋谢械薪薪褘械 芯蟹褢褉邪: 袗褉谐邪褟褕, 袦邪谢褘泄 袣懈褋械谐邪褔, 袘芯谢褜褕芯械 袦懈邪褋褋芯胁芯, 袘芯谢褜褕芯泄 孝邪褌泻褍谢褜 懈 写褉.</p> <p class="text-justify">袟邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻 褋芯蟹写邪薪 胁 1920 谐. 泻邪泻 屑懈薪械褉邪谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻懈泄. 袙 1935 谐. 斜褘谢 锌褉械芯斜褉邪蟹芯胁邪薪 胁 泻芯屑锌谢械泻褋薪褘泄 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻 胁 褑械谢褟褏 褋芯褏褉邪薪械薪懈褟 懈褋泻谢褞褔懈褌械谢褜薪芯 褉邪蟹薪芯芯斜褉邪蟹薪芯谐芯 锌芯 褋芯褋褌邪胁褍 泻芯屑锌谢械泻褋邪 谐芯褉薪褘褏 锌芯褉芯写 懈 屑懈薪械褉邪谢芯胁, 邪 褌邪泻卸械 褎谢芯褉褘 懈 褎邪褍薪褘, 褌懈锌懈褔薪芯泄 写谢褟 挟卸薪芯谐芯 校褉邪谢邪. 袙 薪邪褋褌芯褟褖械械 胁褉械屑褟 袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻懈泄 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 锌褉懈褉芯写芯芯褏褉邪薪薪褘屑, 薪邪褍褔薪芯-懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢褜褋泻懈屑 褍褔褉械卸写械薪懈械屑 褋芯 褋褌邪褌褍褋芯屑 懈薪褋褌懈褌褍褌邪 胁 褋芯褋褌邪胁械 校褉邪谢褜褋泻芯谐芯 芯褌写械谢械薪懈褟 袪袗袧.</p> <p class="text-justify">袙 袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻懈褏 谐芯褉邪褏 胁锌械褉胁褘械 斜褘谢懈 芯褌泻褉褘褌褘 懈 懈蟹褍褔械薪褘 薪芯胁褘械 褌懈锌褘 谐芯褉薪褘褏 锌芯褉芯写 — 屑懈邪褋泻懈褌褘, 邪 褌邪泻卸械 锌褉芯胁芯写懈谢懈褋褜 泻谢邪褋褋懈褔械褋泻懈械 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈褟 褉邪写懈芯邪泻褌懈胁薪褘褏 屑懈薪械褉邪谢芯胁, 褖械谢芯褔薪褘褏 锌芯褉芯写, 锌械谐屑邪褌懈褌芯胁 懈 褌. 写. 袙 褉邪蟹薪褘械 谐芯写褘 蟹写械褋褜 锌芯斜褘胁邪谢懈 褍褔褢薪褘械-屑懈薪械褉芯谢芯谐懈 懈 泻芯谢谢械泻褑懈芯薪械褉褘: 袠. 袦械薪谐械, 袗. 袚褍屑斜芯谢褜褌, 袚. 袪芯蟹械, 褉邪斜芯褌邪谢懈 邪泻邪写械屑懈泻懈 袙.袠. 袙械褉薪邪写褋泻懈泄, 袗. 袝. 肖械褉褋屑邪薪, 袗.袧. 袟邪胁邪褉懈褑泻懈泄, 袛.小. 袘械谢褟薪泻懈薪, 袧.袠. 袣芯泻褕邪褉芯胁, 袩.袙. 袝褉械屑械械胁 懈 写褉.</p> <p class="text-justify">袙 锌械谐屑邪褌懈褌芯胁褘褏 卸懈谢邪褏, 薪械 懈屑械胁褕懈褏 邪薪邪谢芯谐芯胁 胁 写褉褍谐懈褏 屑械褋褌芯褉芯卸写械薪懈褟褏 屑懈褉邪, 芯斜薪邪褉褍卸械薪芯 芯泻芯谢芯 180 屑懈薪械褉邪谢芯胁, 13 懈蟹 泻芯褌芯褉褘褏 胁锌械褉胁褘械 薪邪泄写械薪褘 胁 袠谢褜屑械薪邪褏. 袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻懈泄 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻 — 褝褌芯 械写懈薪褋褌胁械薪薪芯械 屑械褋褌芯 胁 屑懈褉械, 谐写械 薪邪 褌械褉褉懈褌芯褉懈懈 300 屑<sup>2</sup> 胁褋褌褉械褔邪褞褌褋褟 斜芯谢械械 200 胁懈写芯胁 屑懈薪械褉邪谢芯胁. 袙 2000 谐. 芯锌褍斜谢懈泻芯胁邪薪 <em>袣邪写邪褋褌褉 屑懈薪械褉邪谢芯胁 袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻懈褏 谐芯褉</em>, 薪邪褋褔懈褌褘胁邪褞褖懈泄 268 屑懈薪械褉邪谢褜薪褘褏 胁懈写芯胁 懈 94 褉邪蟹薪芯胁懈写薪芯褋褌懈. 小褉械写懈 薪懈褏 褍卸械 懈蟹胁械褋褌薪褘械 屑懈薪械褉邪谢褘 — 褌芯锌邪蟹, 邪泻胁邪屑邪褉懈薪, 褑懈褉泻芯薪, 斜械褉懈谢谢, 褋邪锌褎懈褉, 褌褍褉屑邪谢懈薪, 邪屑邪蟹芯薪懈褌, 褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪褘械 褉械写泻芯屑械褌邪谢褜薪褘械 屑懈薪械褉邪谢褘. 16 屑懈薪械褉邪谢芯胁 斜褘谢懈 芯褌泻褉褘褌褘 胁 袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻懈褏 谐芯褉邪褏 胁锌械褉胁褘械 胁 屑懈褉械 — 懈谢褜屑械薪懈褌, 泻邪薪泻褉懈薪懈褌, 褋胁褟卸懈薪懈褌, 屑邪泻邪褉芯褔泻懈薪懈褌, 褍褕泻芯胁懈褌 懈 写褉., 屑薪芯谐懈械 懈蟹 泻芯褌芯褉褘褏 懈屑械褞褌 芯褌 2 写芯 15 褉邪蟹薪芯胁懈写薪芯褋褌械泄.</p> <div class="float-right"> <div class="text-center"> <img alt="" src="/static/maps4/409_4.gif" width="300" style="margin: 10px; float: none; max-width:100%"> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <div class="row align-items-top"> <div class="col p-0"> <em>孝芯锌邪蟹</em> </div> <div class="col p-0"> <em>袘械褉懈谢谢</em> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p class="text-justify">袠褋泻谢褞褔懈褌械谢褜薪芯械 褉邪蟹薪芯芯斜褉邪蟹懈械 谐芯褉薪褘褏 锌芯褉芯写 芯斜褍褋谢芯胁谢械薪芯 褋谢芯卸薪芯泄 懈 写谢懈褌械谢褜薪芯泄 懈褋褌芯褉懈械泄 褎芯褉屑懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟 袠谢褜屑械薪芯谐芯褉褋泻芯谐芯 泻芯屑锌谢械泻褋邪 (2300–160 屑谢薪 谢械褌), 褉邪蟹薪芯芯斜褉邪蟹懈械屑 褋谢邪谐邪褞褖懈褏 械谐芯 谐芯褉薪褘褏 锌芯褉芯写 懈 锌褉芯褉械蟹邪褞褖械泄 懈褏 谐褍褋褌芯泄 褋械褌褜褞 锌械谐屑邪褌懈褌芯胁褘褏 卸懈谢.</p> <p class="text-justify">袧懈蟹泻芯谐芯褉薪邪褟 褌械褉褉懈褌芯褉懈褟 袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻芯谐芯 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻邪, 褋 屑邪泻褋懈屑邪谢褜薪芯泄 芯褌屑械褌泻芯泄 754 屑 (谐芯褉邪 袠谢褜屑械薪褌邪褍), 薪邪 85% 锌芯泻褉褘褌邪 谢械褋邪屑懈, 胁 芯褋薪芯胁薪芯屑 褋芯褋薪芯胁褘屑懈 懈 斜械褉褢蟹芯胁褘屑懈. 袟写械褋褜 褌邪泻卸械 锌褉芯懈蟹褉邪褋褌邪械褌 谢懈褋褌胁械薪薪懈褑邪, 芯褋懈薪邪, 芯谢褜褏邪, 械谢褜 懈 锌懈褏褌邪, 邪 芯褌写械谢褜薪褘械 褍褔邪褋褌泻懈 蟹邪薪褟褌褘 褋褌械锌褜褞. 啸邪褉邪泻褌械褉薪邪褟 褔械褉褌邪 褉邪褋褌懈褌械谢褜薪芯褋褌懈 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻邪 — 械褢 屑芯蟹邪懈褔薪芯褋褌褜.</p> <p class="text-justify">小胁芯械芯斜褉邪蟹懈械 懈 斜芯谐邪褌褋褌胁芯 褎邪褍薪褘 袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻芯谐芯 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻邪 芯锌褉械写械谢褟械褌褋褟 褋芯褔械褌邪薪懈械屑 褌懈锌懈褔薪芯 褌邪褢卸薪褘褏 懈 褋褌械锌薪褘褏 胁懈写芯胁. 袙 谐褉邪薪懈褑邪褏 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻邪 褋芯褏褉邪薪懈谢懈褋褜 褉械写泻懈械 胁懈写褘 褉邪褋褌械薪懈泄 懈 卸懈胁芯褌薪褘褏.</p> <p class="text-justify">袝褋褌械褋褌胁械薪薪芯-薪邪褍褔薪褘泄 屑褍蟹械泄 袠谢褜屑械薪褋泻芯谐芯 蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻邪 — 芯写懈薪 懈蟹 泻褉褍锌薪械泄褕懈褏 谐械芯谢芯谐芯-屑懈薪械褉邪谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻懈褏 屑褍蟹械械胁 袪芯褋褋懈懈 懈 懈屑械械褌 胁 褝泻褋锌芯蟹懈褑懈懈 芯写薪褍 懈蟹 泻褉褍锌薪械泄褕懈褏 斜懈芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻懈褏 写懈芯褉邪屑 褋褌褉邪薪褘.</p> </div> </div> <aside class="col-md-4 blog-sidebar"> <div class="p-3"> <ul class="list-unstyled text-small mb-2"> <li><a class="text-secondary" 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