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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definisi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah_Multikulturalisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_Multikulturalisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah Multikulturalisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_Multikulturalisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis_Multikulturalisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis_Multikulturalisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Jenis Multikulturalisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jenis_Multikulturalisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multikulturalisme_di_Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multikulturalisme_di_Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Multikulturalisme di Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Multikulturalisme_di_Indonesia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Multikulturalisme di Indonesia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Multikulturalisme_di_Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Keberagaman_Etnis_dan_Budaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keberagaman_Etnis_dan_Budaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Keberagaman Etnis dan Budaya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keberagaman_Etnis_dan_Budaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pancasila_sebagai_Dasar_Ideologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pancasila_sebagai_Dasar_Ideologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pancasila sebagai Dasar Ideologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pancasila_sebagai_Dasar_Ideologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengakuan_dan_Penghargaan_terhadap_Keberagaman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengakuan_dan_Penghargaan_terhadap_Keberagaman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Pengakuan dan Penghargaan terhadap Keberagaman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengakuan_dan_Penghargaan_terhadap_Keberagaman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peran_Pendidikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peran_Pendidikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Peran Pendidikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peran_Pendidikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Multikulturalisme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 63 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A" title="تعدد ثقافي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعدد ثقافي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalismu" title="Multiculturalismu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Multiculturalismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multikulturalizm" title="Multikulturalizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Multikulturalizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Мультикультурализм – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мультикультурализм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Мултикултурализъм – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мултикултурализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalisme" title="Multiculturalisme – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Multiculturalisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multikulturalismus" title="Multikulturalismus – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Multikulturalismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amlddiwylliannaeth" title="Amlddiwylliannaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Amlddiwylliannaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multikulturalisme" title="Multikulturalisme – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Multikulturalisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multikulturalismus" title="Multikulturalismus – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Multikulturalismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Πολυπολιτισμικότητα – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολυπολιτισμικότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Multiculturalism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multkulturismo" title="Multkulturismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Multkulturismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalismo" title="Multiculturalismo – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Multiculturalismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitmekultuurilisus" title="Mitmekultuurilisus – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mitmekultuurilisus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura-aniztasun" title="Kultura-aniztasun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kultura-aniztasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="چندگانگی فرهنگی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چندگانگی فرهنگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monikulttuurisuus" title="Monikulttuurisuus – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Monikulttuurisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalisme" title="Multiculturalisme – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Multiculturalisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilchult%C3%BArachas" title="Ilchultúrachas – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ilchultúrachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalismo" title="Multiculturalismo – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Multiculturalismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%91-%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="רב-תרבותיות – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רב-תרבותיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बहुसंस्कृतिवाद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बहुसंस्कृतिवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multikulturalizam" title="Multikulturalizam – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Multikulturalizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multikulturalizmus" title="Multikulturalizmus – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Multikulturalizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalismo" title="Multiculturalismo – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Multiculturalismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="多文化主義 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="多文化主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multikulturalisme" title="Multikulturalisme – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Multikulturalisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86" title="ಬಹುಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕತೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಹುಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕತೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="다문화주의 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다문화주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Мультикультуризм – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мультикультуризм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalismus" title="Multiculturalismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Multiculturalismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daugiakult%C5%ABri%C5%A1kumas" title="Daugiakultūriškumas – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Daugiakultūriškumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multikultur%C4%81lisms" title="Multikulturālisms – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Multikulturālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Мултикултурализам – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мултикултурализам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%91%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ယဉ်ကျေးမှုများ ပေါင်းစည်းနေထိုင်ခြင်း – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယဉ်ကျေးမှုများ ပေါင်းစည်းနေထိုင်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalisme" title="Multiculturalisme – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Multiculturalisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleirkulturell" title="Fleirkulturell – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fleirkulturell" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multikulturalisme" title="Multikulturalisme – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Multikulturalisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਬਹੁਸਭਿਆਚਾਰਵਾਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਹੁਸਭਿਆਚਾਰਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielokulturowo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Wielokulturowość – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielokulturowość" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalismo" title="Multiculturalismo – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Multiculturalismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Multiculturalism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Мультикультурализм – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мультикультурализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalismu" title="Multiculturalismu – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Multiculturalismu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Multiculturalism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multikulturalizam" title="Multikulturalizam – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Multikulturalizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Multiculturalism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multikulturalizmus" title="Multikulturalizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Multikulturalizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multikulturalizmi" title="Multikulturalizmi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Multikulturalizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Мултикултуризам – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мултикултуризам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5ngkultur" title="Mångkultur – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mångkultur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="பல்லினப்பண்பாடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பல்லினப்பண்பாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D3%A3" title="Чандгонагии фарҳангӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чандгонагии фарҳангӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="คตินิยมวัฒนธรรมหลากหลาย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คตินิยมวัฒนธรรมหลากหลาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ok_k%C3%BClt%C3%BCrl%C3%BCl%C3%BCk" title="Çok kültürlülük – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çok kültürlülük" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%86%D9%BE_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%AA%DA%86%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83" title="كۆپ مەدەنىيەتچىلىك – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كۆپ مەدەنىيەتچىلىك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Мультикультуралізм – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мультикультуралізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_%C4%91a_v%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a" title="Chủ nghĩa đa văn hóa – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa đa văn hóa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="多元文化主义 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="多元文化主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="多元文化主義 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="多元文化主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/To-b%C3%BBn-h%C3%B2a-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="To-bûn-hòa-chú-gī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="To-bûn-hòa-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="多元文化主義 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="多元文化主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q190656#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Multikulturalisme</b> adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Ideologi" title="Ideologi">ideologi</a> yang mengakui dan mengagungkan perbedaan. Perbedaan yang dimaksud adalah perbedaan individu dengan individu lain atau perbedaan nilai-nilai yang dianut,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seperti perbedaan sistem, budaya, agama, kebiasaan, dan politik.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definisi">Definisi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Definisi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Definisi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Multikulturalisme berhubungan dengan kebudayaan dan kemungkinan konsepnya dibatasi dengan muatan nilai atau memiliki kepentingan tertentu.<sup id="cite_ref-Mubarak_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mubarak-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>“Multikulturalisme” pada dasarnya adalah pandangan dunia yang kemudian dapat diterjemahkan dalam berbagai kebijakan kebudayaan yang menekankan penerimaan terhadap realitas keagamaan, pluralitas, dan multikultural yang terdapat dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Multikulturalisme dapat juga dipahami sebagai pandangan dunia yang kemudian diwujudkan dalam kesadaran politik (Azyumardi Azra, 2007)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Masyarakat multikultural adalah suatu masyarakat yang terdiri dari beberapa macam komunitas budaya dengan segala kelebihannya, dengan sedikit perbedaan konsepsi mengenai dunia, suatu sistem arti, nilai, bentuk organisasi sosial, sejarah, adat serta kebiasaan (<i>“A Multicultural society, then is one that includes several cultural communities with their overlapping but none the less distinc conception of the world, system of [meaning, values, forms of social organizations, historis, customs and practices”</i>; Parekh, 1997 yang dikutip dari Azra, 2007).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Multikulturalisme mencakup suatu pemahaman, penghargaan serta penilaian atas budaya seseorang, serta suatu penghormatan dan keingintahuan tentang budaya etnis orang lain (Lawrence Blum, dikutip Lubis, 2006:174)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sebuah ideologi yang mengakui dan mengagungkan perbedaan dalam kesederajatan baik secara individual maupun secara kebudayaan (Suparlan, 2002, merangkum Fay 2006, Jari dan Jary 1991, Watson 2000)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Multikulturalisme mencakup gagasan, cara pandang, kebijakan, penyikapan dan tindakan, oleh masyarakat suatu negara, yang majemuk dari segi etnis, budaya, agama dan sebagainya, namun mempunyai cita-cita untuk mengembangkan semangat kebangsaan yang sama dan mempunyai kebanggan untuk mempertahankan kemajemukan tersebut (A. Rifai Harahap, 2007, mengutip M. Atho’ Muzhar).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah_Multikulturalisme">Sejarah Multikulturalisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah Multikulturalisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah Multikulturalisme"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Multikulturalisme bertentangan dengan <b>monokulturalisme</b> dan <b>asimilasi</b> yang telah menjadi <a href="/wiki/Norma_sosial" title="Norma sosial">norma</a> dalam paradigma <a href="/wiki/Negara-bangsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara-bangsa">negara-bangsa</a> (<i>nation-state</i>) sejak awal <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad ke-19">abad ke-19</a>. Monokulturalisme menghendaki adanya kesatuan budaya secara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Normatif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normatif (halaman belum tersedia)">normatif</a> (istilah 'monokultural' juga dapat digunakan untuk menggambarkan homogenitas yang belum terwujud (<i>pre-existing homogeneity</i>). Sementara itu, <a href="/wiki/Asimilasi" class="mw-disambig" title="Asimilasi">asimilasi</a> adalah timbulnya keinginan untuk bersatu antara dua atau lebih kebudayaan yang berbeda dengan cara mengurangi perbedaan-perbedaan sehingga tercipta sebuah kebudayaan baru. </p><p>Multikulturalisme mulai dijadikan kebijakan resmi di negara <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">berbahasa-Inggris</a> (<i>English-speaking countries</i>), yang dimulai di <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kebijakan ini kemudian diadopsi oleh sebagian besar anggota <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a>, sebagai kebijakan resmi, dan sebagai konsensus sosial di antara <a href="/wiki/Elit" class="mw-redirect" title="Elit">elit</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> Namun beberapa tahun belakangan, sejumlah negara Eropa, terutama <a href="/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris">Inggris</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a>, mulai mengubah kebijakan mereka ke arah kebijakan multikulturalisme.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pengubahan kebijakan tersebut juga mulai menjadi subyek debat di <a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>, dan beberapa negara lainnya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis_Multikulturalisme">Jenis Multikulturalisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis Multikulturalisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis Multikulturalisme"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berbagai macam pengertian dan kecenderungan perkembangan konsep serta praktik multikulturalisme yang diungkapkan oleh para ahli, membuat seorang tokoh bernama Parekh (1997:183-185) membedakan lima macam multikulturalisme (Azra, 2007, meringkas uraian Parekh): </p> <ol><li>Multikulturali, mengacu pada masyarakat di mana berbagai kelompok kultural menjalankan hidup secara otonom dan terlibat dalam interaksi yang hanya minimal satu sama lain.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme_akomodatif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multikulturalisme akomodatif (halaman belum tersedia)">Multikulturalisme akomodatif</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yaitu masyarakat yang memiliki kultur dominan yang membuat penyesuaian dan akomodasi-akomodasi tertentu bagi kebutuhan kultur kaum minoritas. Masyarakat ini merumuskan dan menerapkan undang-undang, hukum, dan ketentuan-ketentuan yang sensitif secara kultural, dan memberikan kebebasan kepada kaum minoritas untuk mempertahankan dan mengembangkan kebudayaan meraka. Begitupun sebaliknya, kaum minoritas tidak menantang kultur dominan. Multikulturalisme ini diterapkan di beberapa negara Eropa.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme_otonomis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multikulturalisme otonomis (halaman belum tersedia)">Multikulturalisme otonomis</a>, masyarakat plural di mana kelompok-kelompok kutural utama berusaha mewujudkan kesetaraan (<i>equality</i>) dengan budaya dominan dan menginginkan kehidupan otonom dalam kerangka politik yang secara kolektif bisa diterima. Perhatian pokok-pokok kultural ini adalah untuk mempertahankan cara hidup mereka, yang memiliki hak yang sama dengan kelompok dominan; mereka menantang kelompok dominan dan berusaha menciptakan suatu masyarakat di mana semua kelompok bisa eksis sebagai mitra sejajar.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme_kritikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multikulturalisme kritikal (halaman belum tersedia)">Multikulturalisme kritikal</a> atau interaktif, yakni masyarakat plural di mana kelompok-kelompok kultural tidak terlalu terfokus (<i>concern</i>) dengan kehidupan kultural otonom; tetapi lebih membentuk penciptaan kolektif yang mencerminkan dan menegaskan perspektif-perspektif distingtif mereka.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme_kosmopolitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multikulturalisme kosmopolitan (halaman belum tersedia)">Multikulturalisme kosmopolitan</a>, berusaha menghapus batas-batas kultural sama sekali untuk menciptakan sebuah masyarakat di mana setiap individu tidak lagi terikat kepada budaya tertentu dan, sebaliknya, secara bebas terlibat dalam percobaan-percobaan interkultural dan sekaligus mengembangkan kehidupan kultural masing-masing.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Multikulturalisme_di_Indonesia">Multikulturalisme di Indonesia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Multikulturalisme di Indonesia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Multikulturalisme di Indonesia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Masyarakat Indonesia merupakan masyarakat dengan tingkat keanekaragaman yang sangat kompleks. Masyarakat dengan berbagai keanekaragaman tersebut dikenal dengan istilah mayarakat multikultural. Bila kita mengenal masyarakat sebagai sekelompok manusia yang telah cukup lama hidup dan bekerja sama sehingga mereka mampu mengorganisasikan dirinya dan berfikir tentang dirinya sebagai satu kesatuan sosial dengan batas-batas tertentu (Linton), maka konsep masyarakat tersebut jika digabungkan dengan multikurtural memiliki makna yang sangat luas dan diperlukan pemahaman yang mendalam untuk dapat mengerti apa sebenarnya masyarakat multikultural itu. </p><p>Multikultural dapat diartikan sebagai keragaman atau perbedaan terhadap suatu kebudayaan dengan kebudayaan yang lain. Sehingga masyarakat multikultural dapat diartikan sebagai sekelompok manusia yang tinggal dan hidup menetap di suatu tempat yang memiliki kebudayaan dan ciri khas tersendiri yang mampu membedakan antara satu masyarakat dengan masyarakat yang lain. Setiap masyarakat akan menghasilkan kebudayaannya masing-masing yang akan menjadi ciri khas bagi masyarakat tersebut. </p><p>Dari sinilah muncul istilah multikulturalisme. Banyak definisi mengenai multikulturalisme, diantaranya multikulturalisme pada dasarnya adalah pandangan dunia -yang kemudian dapat diterjemahkan dalam berbagai kebijakan kebudayaan- yang menekankan tentang penerimaan terhadap realitas keragaman, pluralitas, dan multikultural yang terdapat dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Multikulturalisme dapat juga dipahami sebagai pandangan dunia yang kemudian diwujudkan dalam “politics of recognition” (Azyumardi Azra, 2007). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Blum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Blum (halaman belum tersedia)">Lawrence Blum</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mengungkapkan bahwa multikulturalisme mencakup suatu pemahaman, penghargaan, dan penilaian atas budaya seseorang, serta penghormatan dan keingintahuan tentang budaya etnis orang lain. Berbagai pengertian mengenai multikulturalisme tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa inti dari multikulturalisme adalah mengenai penerimaan dan penghargaan terhadap suatu kebudayaan, baik kebudayaan sendiri maupun kebudayaan orang lain. Setiap orang ditekankan untuk saling menghargai dan menghormati setiap kebudayaan yang ada di masyarakat. Apapun bentuk suatu kebudayaan harus dapat diterima oleh setiap orang tanpa membeda-bedakan antara satu kebudayaan dengan kebudayaan yang lain. </p><p>Pada dasarnya, multikulturalisme yang terbentuk di Indonesia merupakan akibat dari kondisi sosio-kultural maupun geografis yang begitu beragam dan luas. Menurut kondisi geografis, Indonesia memiliki banyak pulau di mana setiap pulau tersebut dihuni oleh sekelompok manusia yang membentuk suatu masyarakat. Dari masyarakat tersebut terbentuklah sebuah kebudayaan mengenai masyarakat itu sendiri. Tentu saja hal ini berimbas pada keberadaan kebudayaan yang sangat banyak dan beraneka ragam. </p><p>Dalam konsep multikulturalisme, terdapat kaitan yang erat bagi pembentukan masyarakat yang berlandaskan bhineka tunggal ika serta mewujudkan suatu kebudayaan nasional yang menjadi pemersatu bagi bangsa Indonesia. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya masih terdapat berbagai hambatan yang menghalangi terbentuknya multikulturalisme di masyarakat. </p><p>Multikulturalisme di Indonesia adalah konsep yang menggambarkan keberagaman budaya, etnis, agama, dan bahasa yang ada di negara ini. Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara dengan tingkat keanekaragaman yang sangat tinggi, yang mencakup lebih dari 300 kelompok etnis dan berbagai bahasa daerah. </p><p>Beberapa poin penting tentang multikulturalisme di Indonesia: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keberagaman_Etnis_dan_Budaya">Keberagaman Etnis dan Budaya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Keberagaman Etnis dan Budaya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keberagaman Etnis dan Budaya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indonesia terdiri dari berbagai kelompok etnis seperti Jawa, Sunda, Batak, Minangkabau, Bugis, Bali, Kaili, Lombok, Dayak, Madura dan masih banyak lagi. Setiap kelompok etnis memiliki budaya, adat istiadat, dan bahasa yang unik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pancasila_sebagai_Dasar_Ideologi">Pancasila sebagai Dasar Ideologi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pancasila sebagai Dasar Ideologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pancasila sebagai Dasar Ideologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pancasila, sebagai dasar ideologi negara, menekankan pentingnya persatuan dalam keberagaman. Prinsip <i><a href="/wiki/Bhinneka_Tunggal_Ika" title="Bhinneka Tunggal Ika">Bhinneka Tunggal Ika</a></i> yang berarti "Berbeda-beda tetapi tetap satu" mencerminkan semangat multikulturalisme di Indonesia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pengakuan_dan_Penghargaan_terhadap_Keberagaman">Pengakuan dan Penghargaan terhadap Keberagaman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Pengakuan dan Penghargaan terhadap Keberagaman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pengakuan dan Penghargaan terhadap Keberagaman"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Multikulturalisme di Indonesia mencakup pengakuan dan penghargaan terhadap berbagai budaya yang ada. Ini tercermin dalam berbagai kebijakan dan program pemerintah yang mendukung pelestarian budaya lokal dan mendorong kerukunan antarumat beragama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peran_Pendidikan">Peran Pendidikan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Peran Pendidikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peran Pendidikan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pendidikan_di_Indonesia" title="Pendidikan di Indonesia">Pendidikan di Indonesia</a> juga memainkan peran penting dalam mempromosikan multikulturalisme. <a href="/wiki/Kurikulum" title="Kurikulum">Kurikulum</a> sekolah mencakup materi tentang keberagaman budaya dan pentingnya <a href="/wiki/Toleransi" title="Toleransi">toleransi</a> serta kerukunan antarumat beragama dapat ditemukan dalam beberapa subyek mata pelajaran dari tingkat dasar hingga <a href="/wiki/Pendidikan_tinggi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendidikan tinggi">pendidikan tinggi</a>. </p><p>Meskipun multikulturalisme di Indonesia memiliki banyak kelebihan, masih ada tantangan yang harus dihadapi, seperti konflik antar kelompok etnis dan agama, serta <a href="/wiki/Diskriminasi" title="Diskriminasi">diskriminasi</a>. berbagai upaya terus dilakukan untuk mengatasi hambatan-hambatan ini dan memperkuat persatuan nasional. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasionalisme" title="Nasionalisme">Nasionalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akulturasi" title="Akulturasi">Akulturasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebudayaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebudayaan">Kebudayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalisme" title="Globalisme">Globalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otonomis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otonomis (halaman belum tersedia)">otonomis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Parsudi Suparlan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jkn/article/view/22069/14727">"Multikulturalisme"</a>. <i>Ketahanan Nasional</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 10. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0853-9340">0853-9340</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ketahanan+Nasional&rft.atitle=Multikulturalisme&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2002&rft.issn=0853-9340&rft.au=Parsudi+Suparlan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjurnal.ugm.ac.id%2Fjkn%2Farticle%2Fview%2F22069%2F14727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMultikulturalisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Irhandayaningsih, Ana (2012-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/humanika/article/view/3988">"KAJIAN FILOSOFIS TERHADAP MULTIKULTURALISME INDONESIA"</a>. <i>HUMANIKA</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <b>15</b> (9). <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14710%2Fhumanika.15.9">10.14710/humanika.15.9</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2502-5783">2502-5783</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HUMANIKA&rft.atitle=KAJIAN+FILOSOFIS+TERHADAP+MULTIKULTURALISME+INDONESIA&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=9&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14710%2Fhumanika.15.9&rft.issn=2502-5783&rft.aulast=Irhandayaningsih&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejournal.undip.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fhumanika%2Farticle%2Fview%2F3988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMultikulturalisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mubarak-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mubarak_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mubarak, Zakki, dkk. Buku Ajar II, Mata Kuliah Pengembangan Kepribadian terintegrasi (MPKT) cet. Kedua. 2008: Manusia, Akhlak, Budi Pekerti dan Masyarakat, . Depok: Penerbit FE UI</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Azra, Azyumardi, 2007. “Identitas dan Krisis Budaya, Membangun Multikulturalisme Indonesia”,<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.kongresbud.budpar.go.id/58%20ayyumardi%20azra.htm">http://www.kongresbud.budpar.go.id/58%20ayyumardi%20azra.htm</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Mei 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Azra, Azyumardi, 2007. “Identitas dan Krisis Budaya, Membangun Multikulturalisme Indonesia”,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lubis, Akhyar Yusuf, 2006. Deskontruksi Epistemologi Modern. Jakarta: Pustaka Indonesia Satu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100209055433/http://www.duniaesai.com/antro/antro3.html">"Suparlan, Parsudi, "Menuju Masyarakat Indonesia yang Multikultural", Simposium Internasional Bali ke-3, Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia, Denpasar Bali, 16-21 Juli 2002, 1987"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duniaesai.com/antro/antro3.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2010-02-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suparlan%2C+Parsudi%2C+%E2%80%9CMenuju+Masyarakat+Indonesia+yang+Multikultural%E2%80%9D%2C+Simposium+Internasional+Bali+ke-3%2C+Jurnal+Antropologi+Indonesia%2C+Denpasar+Bali%2C+16-21+Juli+2002%2C+1987&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duniaesai.com%2Fantro%2Fantro3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMultikulturalisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harahap, Ahmad Rivai, 2004. “Multikulturalisme dan Penerapannya dalam pemeliharaan kerukunan Umat Beragama”.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Neil Bissoondath, <i>Selling Illusions: The Myth of Multiculturalism</i>. Toronto: Penguin, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780141006765" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-100676-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neil Bissoondath, <i>Selling Illusions: The Myth of Multiculturalism</i>. Toronto: Penguin, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780141006765" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-100676-5</a>. <i>Passim</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zenius.net/blog/multikulturalisme-sosiologi-kelas-11">"Multikulturalisme - Definisi, Jenis, dan Contoh di Indonesia"</a>. 2022-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2024-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multikulturalisme+-+Definisi%2C+Jenis%2C+dan+Contoh+di+Indonesia&rft.date=2022-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zenius.net%2Fblog%2Fmultikulturalisme-sosiologi-kelas-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMultikulturalisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Mubarak, Zakki, dkk. Buku Ajar II, Mata Kuliah Pengembangan Kepribadian terintegrasi (MPKT) cet. Kedua. 2008: Manusia, Akhlak, Budi Pekerti dan Masyarakat, Depok: Penerbit FE UI]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lawrenceblum.net/">"Professor of Philosophy | Home"</a>. <i>Lawrence Blum</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2024-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lawrence+Blum&rft.atitle=Professor+of+Philosophy+%7C+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawrenceblum.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMultikulturalisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multikulturalisme&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lenteratimur.com/menjadi-indonesia-setara-meski-tak-serupa/"><b>Menjadi Indonesia: Setara Meski Tak Sama</b></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610183412/http://www.lenteratimur.com/menjadi-indonesia-setara-meski-tak-serupa/">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-06-10 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multikulturalisme.org">Kajian Multikulturalisme Indonesia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105161143/http://multikulturalisme.org/">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-01-05 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://desantara.org/v3/index.php">Srinthi Media Perempuan Multikultural: Jurnal dua bulanan yang menggagas isu perempuan dengan perspektif multikultural, lokalitas, dan siasat perempuan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080413111758/http://desantara.org/v3/index.php">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-04-13 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://desantara.org/v3/index.php">Desantara Bimonthly Newsletter on Indonesian Multicultural Issues</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080413111758/http://desantara.org/v3/index.php">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-04-13 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3615379.stm">News (10-Apr-2004): British Head of Commission for Racial Equality says the term should be scrapped</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/debates/issue-1-111.jsp">Commentary and user comments</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070430144836/http://www.opendemocracy.net/debates/issue-1-111.jsp">Diarsipkan</a> 2007-04-30 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. dari <i>Open Democracy - Multiculturalism: translating difference</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwb.com.au/gwb/news/pc/multi3.htm">The Menace of Multiculturalism</a> oleh Cameron McKenzie</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=17817">Communities and Law: Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities</a> oleh Gad Barzilai</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4740633.stm">Davis attacks UK multiculturalism</a> - Berita dari BBC yang berhubungan dengan multikulturalisme</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ambassadors.net/archives/issue19/opinions2.htm">From Paris to Cairo: Resistance of the Unacculturated</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101209073701/http://ambassadors.net/archives/issue19/opinions2.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-12-09 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tygerland.net/?p=448/">"Multiculturalism - the failed experiment"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004620/http://tygerland.net/?p=448%2F">Diarsipkan</a> 2007-09-27 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>tygerland.net - oleh AS Heath</i>, 2 November 2005</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110007491">A Year of Living Dangerously: Remember Theo van Gogh, and shudder for the future.</a> oleh Francis Fukuyama</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cicb.net">CICB Center of Intercultural Competence</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metamute.org/?q=en/Dis-integrating-Multiculturalism">Mute Magazine Vol 2 #2, Dis-integrating Multiculturalism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100313153755/http://www.metamute.org/?q=en%2FDis-integrating-Multiculturalism">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-03-13 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060104002524/http://www.acs-aec.ca/Polls/Poll2.pdf">Thirty Years of Multiculturalism in Canada, 1971-2001</a>. Jack Jedwab, Executive Director, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_for_Canadian_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association for Canadian Studies (halaman belum tersedia)">Association for Canadian Studies</a>. 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