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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Ecology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Public services </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Public services subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_of_mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_of_mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Effects of mining </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects_of_mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food,_farming,_and_diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food,_farming,_and_diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Food, farming, and diet </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Food,_farming,_and_diet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Food, farming, and diet subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Food,_farming,_and_diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plants_and_farming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plants_and_farming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Plants and farming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plants_and_farming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Food </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-food_basic_needs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-food_basic_needs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Non-food basic needs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-food_basic_needs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Nauru</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 215 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-215" aria-hidden="true" > 215 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%93%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%A9" title="ናውሩ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ናውሩ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="नैरू – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नैरू" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ناورو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ناورو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naouru" title="Naouru – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Naouru" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81" title="নাউৰু – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নাউৰু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1uru" title="Náuru – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Náuru" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="نائورو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نائورو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81" title="নাউরু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাউরু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ནའུ་རུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནའུ་རུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawrw" title="Nawrw – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nawrw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ناورو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ناورو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AB" title="ނައުރޫ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ނައުރޫ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="नाउरु – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="नाउरु" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Ναουρού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναουρού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauro" title="Nauro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nauro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="نائورو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نائورو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naur%C3%BB" title="Naurû – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Naurû" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawru" title="Nawru – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Nawru" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1r%C3%BA" title="Nárú – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nárú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naaroo" title="Naaroo – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Naaroo" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81" title="નૌરુ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નૌરુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF" title="𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌿 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌿" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="नौरु – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="नौरु" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%A8" title="나우루 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나우루" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Նաուրու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նաուրու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="नाउरु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाउरु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81" title="নাউরু – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="নাউরু" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawuru" title="Nawuru – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Nawuru" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C3%BAr%C3%BA" title="Naúrú – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Naúrú" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95" title="נאורו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נאורו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ನೌರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೌರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3" title="ნაურუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნაურუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawuru" title="Nawuru – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Nawuru" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naurua" title="Naurua – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Naurua" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayouwou" title="Nayouwou – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nayouwou" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C3%BBr%C3%BB" title="Naûrû – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Naûrû" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauero" title="Nauero – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nauero" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naoro" title="Naoro – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Naoro" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81" title="നൗറു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നൗറു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawru" title="Nawru – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Nawru" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="नौरू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नौरू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3" title="ნაურუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნაურუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ناورو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ناورو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="نائورو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نائورو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8E%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8" title="ꯅꯥꯎꯔꯨ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅꯥꯎꯔꯨ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91aouru" title="Ñaouru – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ñaouru" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="နအူရူးနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နအူရူးနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauro" title="Nauro – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Nauro" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="नाउरू – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नाउरू" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="नाउरु – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नाउरु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB" title="ナウル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナウル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauruu" title="Nauruu – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Nauruu" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%81" title="ନାଉରୁ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନାଉରୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82" title="ਨਾਉਰੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਉਰੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="नौरु – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="नौरु" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ناورو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ناورو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="نايورو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نايورو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawru" title="Nawru – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nawru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="नौरु – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नौरु" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nworu" title="Nworu – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Nworu" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naurua" title="Naurua – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Naurua" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%8C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%96" title="නාඌරූ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නාඌරූ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="نائورو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نائورو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Наоуроу – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Наоуроу" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawru" title="Nawru – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nawru" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88" title="نائووروو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نائووروو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81" title="நவூரு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நவூரு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%81%A2%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းၼၢဝ်ရူး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၼၢဝ်ရူး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9" title="ประเทศนาอูรู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศนาอูรู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naulu" title="Naulu – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Naulu" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Науру – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Науру" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ناورو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ناورو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8B%D8%B1%DB%87" title="ناۋرۇ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ناۋرۇ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naure%C3%A4n" title="Naureän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Naureän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E9%AD%AF" title="諾魯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="諾魯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%99%E9%B2%81" title="瑙鲁 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="瑙鲁" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95" title="נאורו – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נאורו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0%C3%BAr%C3%B9" title="Nàúrù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Nàúrù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%99%E9%AD%AF" title="瑙魯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="瑙魯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E9%AD%AF" title="諾魯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="諾魯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Nauru" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nauru&params=0_31_41_S_166_56_13_E_type:country">0°31′41″S 166°56′13″E / 0.52806°S 166.93694°E / -0.52806; 166.93694</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_islands_of_Nauru&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Nauru">List of islands of Nauru</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island country in Oceania</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the island country. For the Tanzanian village, see <a href="/wiki/Nauru,_Tanzania" title="Nauru, Tanzania">Nauru, Tanzania</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Nauru</div><div class="ib-country-names">Repubrikin Naoero (<a href="/wiki/Nauruan_language" title="Nauruan language">Nauruan</a>)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nauru.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Nauru"><img alt="Flag of Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/125px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/188px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/250px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nauru" title="Flag of Nauru">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Nauru"><img alt="Coat of arms of Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="402" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru" title="Coat of arms of Nauru"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: "God's will first"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/Nauru_Bwiema" title="Nauru Bwiema">Nauru Bwiema</a> "Nauru, our homeland"<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"></div> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="79" data-mwtitle="Nauru_Bwiema.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Nauru_Bwiema.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Nauru_Bwiema.ogg/Nauru_Bwiema.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANauru_Bwiema.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANauru_Bwiema.ogg&lang=na&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="na" label="Dorerin Naoero ‪(na)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANauru_Bwiema.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:NRU_orthographic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Nauru"><img alt="Location of Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NRU_orthographic.svg/250px-NRU_orthographic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NRU_orthographic.svg/375px-NRU_orthographic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NRU_orthographic.svg/500px-NRU_orthographic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data">None (<a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a>) <a href="/wiki/Yaren_District" title="Yaren District">Yaren</a> (<a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a>)<a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nauru&params=0_31_39_S_166_56_06_E_type:country">0°31′39″S 166°56′06″E / 0.52750°S 166.93500°E / -0.52750; 166.93500</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Denigomodu" class="mw-redirect" title="Denigomodu">Denigomodu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_language" title="Nauruan language">Nauruan</a><a href="#cite_note-directory-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[b]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nauruans" title="Nauruans">Nauruan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nauru" title="Politics of Nauru">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic_with_an_executive_presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary republic with an executive presidency">parliamentary republic with an executive presidency</a> under a <a href="/wiki/Non-partisan_democracy" title="Non-partisan democracy">non-partisan democracy</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nauru" title="President of Nauru">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">David Adeang</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Speakers of the Parliament of Nauru">Speaker of the Parliament</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Stephen" title="Marcus Stephen">Marcus Stephen</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nauru" title="Parliament of Nauru">Parliament</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Independence</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Nauru_Independence_Act_1967" title="Nauru Independence Act 1967">Nauru Independence Act 1967</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">31 January 1968</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nauru" title="Geography of Nauru">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">21 km2 (8.1 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">193rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.57</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nauru" title="Demographics of Nauru">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">11,919<a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-10">[8]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">227th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2011 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,084<a href="#cite_note-Nauru_Census-11">[9]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">480/km2 (1,243.2/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">25th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2021 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$132 million<a href="#cite_note-imf-12">[10]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">192nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$9,995<a href="#cite_note-imf-12">[10]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">94th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2022 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$150 million<a href="#cite_note-imf-12">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$10,125<a href="#cite_note-imf-12">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.696<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">122nd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">AUD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data">UTC+12<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Nauru" title="Telephone numbers in Nauru">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B674" class="mw-redirect" title="+674">+674</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:NR" title="ISO 3166-2:NR">NR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.nr" title=".nr">.nr</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Nauru (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/nɑːˈuːruː/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">nah-OO-roo</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-15">[13]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈnaʊruː/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">NOW-roo</a>;<a href="#cite_note-:1-16">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nauruan_language" title="Nauruan language">Nauruan</a>: Naoero), officially the Republic of Nauru (<a href="/wiki/Nauruan_language" title="Nauruan language">Nauruan</a>: Repubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island country</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microstate" title="Microstate">microstate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> region in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Central Pacific</a>. Its nearest neighbour is <a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Banaba</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> about 300 km (190 mi) to the east.<a href="#cite_note-PIM31-17">[15]</a> It lies northwest of <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, 1,300 km (810 mi) northeast of the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:4-18">[16]</a> east-northeast of <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, southeast of the <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a> and south of the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>. With an area of only 21 km2 (8.1 sq mi), Nauru is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">third-smallest</a> country in the world, larger than only <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, making it the smallest <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> and island nation, as well as the smallest member state of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> by area. Its population of <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nauru" title="Demographics of Nauru">about 10,800</a> is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">third-smallest</a> (not including colonies or overseas territories). Nauru is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_States" title="Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States">Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States</a>. Settled by <a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesians</a> circa 1000 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">BCE</a>, Nauru was <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexed</a> and claimed as a colony by the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> in the late 19th century. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Nauru became a <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a> administered by <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Nauru was <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru" title="Japanese occupation of Nauru">occupied</a> by <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> troops, and was <a href="/wiki/Leapfrogging_(strategy)" title="Leapfrogging (strategy)">bypassed</a> by the Allied advance across the Pacific. After the war ended, the country entered into <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_trust_territories" title="United Nations trust territories">United Nations trusteeship</a>. Nauru gained its independence in 1968. At various points since 2001, it has accepted aid from the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Australian Government</a> in exchange for hosting the <a href="/wiki/Nauru_Regional_Processing_Centre" title="Nauru Regional Processing Centre">Nauru Regional Processing Centre</a>, a controversial <a href="/wiki/Australian_immigration_detention_facilities" title="Australian immigration detention facilities">offshore Australian immigration detention facility</a>. As a result of heavy dependence on Australia, some sources have identified Nauru as a <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">client state</a> of Australia.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> Nauru is a <a href="/wiki/Phosphorite" title="Phosphorite">phosphate-rock</a> island with rich deposits near the surface, which allowed easy <a href="/wiki/Surface_mining" title="Surface mining">strip mining</a> operations for over a century. However, this has seriously harmed the country's environment, causing the island nation to suffer from what is often referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Resource_curse" title="Resource curse">resource curse</a>". The <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a> was exhausted in the 1990s, and the remaining reserves are not economically viable for extraction.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Trust_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Trust law">trust</a> established to manage the island's accumulated mining wealth, set up for the day the reserves would be exhausted, has diminished in value. To earn income, Nauru briefly became a <a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">tax haven</a> and illegal <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> centre.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauru" title="History of Nauru">History of Nauru</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nauruan-warrior-1880ers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Nauruan-warrior-1880ers.jpg/170px-Nauruan-warrior-1880ers.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Nauruan-warrior-1880ers.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="312" /></a><figcaption>Photo of a Nauruan warrior during the <a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Civil_War" title="Nauruan Civil War">Nauruan Civil War</a> around 1880</figcaption></figure> Nauru was first settled by Micronesians at least 3,000 years ago, and there is evidence of possible <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a> influence.<a href="#cite_note-UNCCD-24">[22]</a> Comparatively little is known of Nauruan prehistory,<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> although the island is believed to have had a long period of isolation, which accounts for the distinct language that developed among the inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> There were traditionally 12 clans or tribes on Nauru, which are represented in the twelve-pointed star on the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nauru" title="Flag of Nauru">country's flag</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> Traditionally, <a href="/wiki/Nauruans" title="Nauruans">Nauruans</a> traced their descent <a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">matrilineally</a>. Inhabitants practised <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>: they caught juvenile <a href="/wiki/Milkfish" title="Milkfish">milkfish</a> (known as Ibija in <a href="/wiki/Nauruan_language" title="Nauruan language">Nauruan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Acclimatization" title="Acclimatization">acclimatised</a> them to freshwater, and raised them in <a href="/wiki/Buada_Lagoon" title="Buada Lagoon">Buada Lagoon</a>, providing a reliable food source. The other locally grown components of their diet included <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconuts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pandanus_tectorius" title="Pandanus tectorius">pandanus fruit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pollock-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-spennemann-29">[27]</a> The name "Nauru" may derive from the Nauruan word Anáoero, which means 'I go to the beach.'<a href="#cite_note-west-30">[28]</a> In 1798, the <a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a> sea captain <a href="/wiki/John_Fearn_(whaler)" title="John Fearn (whaler)">John Fearn</a>, on his trading ship Hunter (300 tons), became the first Westerner to report sighting Nauru, calling it "Pleasant Island", because of its attractive appearance.<a href="#cite_note-WM1985-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ellis_1935-32">[30]</a> From at least 1826, Nauruans had regular contact with Europeans on whaling and trading ships who called for provisions and fresh drinking water.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> The last <a href="/wiki/Whaler" title="Whaler">whaler</a> to call during the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_sail" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of sail">age of sail</a> visited in 1904.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> Around this time, <a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">deserters</a> from European ships began to live on the island. The islanders traded food for alcoholic <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">palm wine</a> and firearms.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> The firearms were used during the 10-year <a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Civil_War" title="Nauruan Civil War">Nauruan Civil War</a> that began in 1878.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> After an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-German_Declarations_about_the_Western_Pacific_Ocean" title="Anglo-German Declarations about the Western Pacific Ocean">agreement with Great Britain</a>, Germany annexed Nauru in 1888 and incorporated it into the Marshall Islands Protectorate for administrative purposes.<a href="#cite_note-Kenneth_Roberts-Wray_1966._P._884-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-firth-38">[36]</a> The arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> ended the civil war, and kings were established as rulers of the island. King <a href="/wiki/Aweida" title="Aweida">Auweyida</a> was the most widely known. Christian missionaries from the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Islands" title="Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a> arrived in 1888.<a href="#cite_note-hill-39">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> The German settlers called the island "Nawodo" or "Onawero".<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> The Germans ruled Nauru for almost three decades. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rasch" title="Robert Rasch">Robert Rasch</a>, a German trader who married a 15-year-old Nauruan girl, was the first administrator, appointed in 1890.<a href="#cite_note-hill-39">[37]</a> Phosphate was discovered on Nauru in 1900 by the prospector <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fuller_Ellis" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Fuller Ellis">Albert Fuller Ellis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-firth-38">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ellis_1935-32">[30]</a> The Pacific Phosphate Company began to exploit the reserves in 1906 by agreement with Germany, exporting its first shipment in 1907.<a href="#cite_note-WM1985-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-42">[40]</a> In 1914, following the outbreak of World War I, Nauru was captured by Australian troops. In 1919, it was agreed by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied and Associated Powers</a> that <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">His Britannic Majesty</a> should be the administering authority under a League of Nations mandate. The Nauru Island Agreement forged in 1919 between the governments of the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand provided for the administration of the island and extraction of the phosphate deposits by an intergovernmental <a href="/wiki/British_Phosphate_Commission" title="British Phosphate Commission">British Phosphate Commission</a> (BPC).<a href="#cite_note-Kenneth_Roberts-Wray_1966._P._884-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-gowdy-43">[41]</a> The terms of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> mandate were drawn up in 1920.<a href="#cite_note-Kenneth_Roberts-Wray_1966._P._884-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cmd._1202-44">[42]</a> The island experienced an <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a> <a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">epidemic</a> and ongoing colonial strife through the early 20th century, with a mortality rate of 18 per cent among native Nauruans.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> In 1923, the League of Nations gave Australia a trustee mandate over Nauru, with the United Kingdom and New Zealand as co-trustees.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> On 6 and 7 December 1940, the German auxiliary cruisers <a href="/wiki/German_auxiliary_cruiser_Komet" title="German auxiliary cruiser Komet">Komet</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_auxiliary_cruiser_Orion" title="German auxiliary cruiser Orion">Orion</a> <a href="/wiki/German_attacks_on_Nauru" title="German attacks on Nauru">sank five supply ships</a> in the vicinity of Nauru. Komet then shelled Nauru's phosphate mining areas, oil storage depots, and the shiploading cantilever.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-bogart-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-PIM41-2-49">[47]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nauru_Island_under_attack_by_Liberator_bombers_of_the_Seventh_Air_Force.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nauru_Island_under_attack_by_Liberator_bombers_of_the_Seventh_Air_Force.jpg/220px-Nauru_Island_under_attack_by_Liberator_bombers_of_the_Seventh_Air_Force.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nauru_Island_under_attack_by_Liberator_bombers_of_the_Seventh_Air_Force.jpg/330px-Nauru_Island_under_attack_by_Liberator_bombers_of_the_Seventh_Air_Force.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nauru_Island_under_attack_by_Liberator_bombers_of_the_Seventh_Air_Force.jpg/440px-Nauru_Island_under_attack_by_Liberator_bombers_of_the_Seventh_Air_Force.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">U.S. Army Air Forces</a> bombing the Japanese airstrip on Nauru, 1943.<a href="#cite_note-PacMag-50">[48]</a></figcaption></figure> Japanese troops occupied Nauru on 25 August 1942.<a href="#cite_note-bogart-48">[46]</a> The Japanese built 2 airfields which were bombed for the first time on 25 March 1943, preventing food supplies from being flown to Nauru.<a href="#cite_note-PIM1946-6-51">[49]</a> The Japanese deported 1,200 Nauruans to work as labourers in the <a href="/wiki/Chuuk_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuuk Islands">Chuuk Islands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-PacMag-50">[48]</a> which was also occupied by Japan. As part of the Allied strategy of island hopping from the Pacific islands towards the main islands of Japan, Nauru was bypassed and left to "wither on the vine". Nauru was finally taken back from the Japanese on 13 September 1945, when commander Hisayaki Soeda surrendered the island to the Australian Army and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> The surrender was accepted by <a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">Brigadier</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Rowlstone_Stevenson" title="John Rowlstone Stevenson">J. R. Stevenson</a>, who represented <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(Australia)" title="Lieutenant general (Australia)">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Sturdee" title="Vernon Sturdee">Vernon Sturdee</a>, the commander of the First Australian Army, aboard the warship <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Diamantina_(K377)" title="HMAS Diamantina (K377)">HMAS Diamantina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-PIM45-10-55">[53]</a> Arrangements were made to repatriate from Chuuk the 745 Nauruans who survived Japanese captivity there.<a href="#cite_note-PIM1950-6-56">[54]</a> They were returned to Nauru by the BPC ship Trienza in January 1946.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> In 1947, a trusteeship was established by the United Nations, with Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom as trustees.<a href="#cite_note-highet-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> Under those arrangements, the UK, Australia, and New Zealand were a joint administering authority. The Nauru Island Agreement provided for the first administrator to be appointed by Australia for five years, leaving subsequent appointments to be decided by the three governments.<a href="#cite_note-Kenneth_Roberts-Wray_1966._P._884-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cmd._1202-44">[42]</a> However, in practice, administrative power was exercised by Australia alone.<a href="#cite_note-Kenneth_Roberts-Wray_1966._P._884-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cmd._1202-44">[42]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1948_Nauru_riots" title="1948 Nauru riots">1948 Nauru riots</a> occurred when <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Guano" title="Guano">guano</a> mining workers went on strike over pay and conditions. The Australian administration imposed a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> with <a href="/wiki/Native_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Police">Native Police</a> and armed volunteers of locals and Australian officials being mobilised. This force, using sub-machine guns and other firearms, opened fire on the Chinese workers killing two and wounding sixteen. Around 50 of the workers were arrested and two of these were bayoneted to death while in custody. The trooper who bayoneted the prisoners was charged but later acquitted on grounds that the wounds were "accidentally received."<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> The governments of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Government of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">China</a> made official complaints against Australia at the United Nations over this incident.<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nauru_satellite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nauru_satellite.jpg/220px-Nauru_satellite.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nauru_satellite.jpg/330px-Nauru_satellite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nauru_satellite.jpg/440px-Nauru_satellite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>A satellite image of Nauru, 2002</figcaption></figure> In 1964, it was proposed to relocate the population of Nauru to <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Island_(Queensland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtis Island (Queensland)">Curtis Island</a> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, Australia. By that time, Nauru had been extensively mined for phosphate by companies from Australia, Britain, and New Zealand, damaging the landscape so much that it was thought the island would be uninhabitable by the 1990s. Rehabilitating the island was seen as financially impossible. In 1962, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Australian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Robert Menzies</a> said that the three countries involved in the mining had an obligation to provide a solution for the Nauruan people, and proposed finding a new island for them. In 1963, the Australian Government proposed to acquire all the land on Curtis Island (which was considerably larger than Nauru) and then offer the Nauruans freehold title over the island and that the Nauruans would become <a href="/wiki/Australians" title="Australians">Australian citizens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> The cost of resettling the Nauruans on Curtis Island was estimated to be <a href="/wiki/Australian_pound" title="Australian pound">£</a>10 million (<a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">A$</a>649 million in 2022<a href="#cite_note-inflation-AU-65">[63]</a>), which included housing and infrastructure and the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Pastoralism" title="Pastoralism">pastoral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> industries.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> However, the Nauruan people did not wish to become Australian citizens and wanted to be given sovereignty over Curtis Island to establish themselves as an independent nation, which Australia would not agree to.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> Nauru rejected the proposal to move to Curtis Island, instead choosing to become an independent nation operating their mines in Nauru.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> Nauru became self-governing in January 1966, and following a two-year constitutional convention, it became independent on 31 January 1968 under founding president <a href="/wiki/Hammer_DeRoburt" title="Hammer DeRoburt">Hammer DeRoburt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-davidson-69">[67]</a> In 1967, the people of Nauru purchased the assets of the British Phosphate Commissioners, and in June 1970, control passed to the locally owned <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Nauru_Phosphate_Corporation" title="Republic of Nauru Phosphate Corporation">Nauru Phosphate Corporation</a> (NPC).<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-42">[40]</a> Income from the mines made Nauruans among the richest people in the world.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-KN-20180916-71">[69]</a> In 1989, Nauru took legal action against Australia in the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> over Australia's administration of the island, in particular, Australia's failure to remedy the environmental damage caused by phosphate mining. Certain Phosphate Lands: Nauru v. Australia led to an out-of-court settlement to rehabilitate the mined-out areas of Nauru.<a href="#cite_note-highet-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> In response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, a <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru">state of emergency was declared in Nauru on 17 March 2020</a>. The declaration to minimize the outbreak was signed by <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nauru" title="President of Nauru">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Aingimea" title="Lionel Aingimea">Lionel Aingimea</a> during a period of 30 days.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nauru" title="Geography of Nauru">Geography of Nauru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Nauru" title="Geology of Nauru">Geology of Nauru</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nauru-map.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nauru-map.gif/220px-Nauru-map.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Nauru-map.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="349" /></a><figcaption>Map of Nauru</figcaption></figure> Nauru is a 21 km2 (8.1 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-CIA-5">[4]</a> oval-shaped island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, 55.95 km (34.77 mi) south of the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">Equator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> The island is surrounded by a <a href="/wiki/Fringing_coral_reef" class="mw-redirect" title="Fringing coral reef">fringing coral reef</a>, which is exposed at low tide and dotted with <a href="/wiki/Pinnacle" title="Pinnacle">pinnacles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-state-6">[5]</a> The presence of the <a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">reef</a> has prevented the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">seaport</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Canals_in_Nauru" title="Canals in Nauru">channels</a> in the reef allow small boats access to the island.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> A fertile coastal strip 150 to 300 m (490 to 980 ft) wide lies inland from the beach.<a href="#cite_note-state-6">[5]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coral_reef_on_Nauru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Coral_reef_on_Nauru.jpg/220px-Coral_reef_on_Nauru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Coral_reef_on_Nauru.jpg/330px-Coral_reef_on_Nauru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Coral_reef_on_Nauru.jpg/440px-Coral_reef_on_Nauru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Coastal beach area of Nauru, with its distinctive natural coral pillars</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NauruBuada077.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/NauruBuada077.jpg/220px-NauruBuada077.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/NauruBuada077.jpg/330px-NauruBuada077.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/NauruBuada077.jpg/440px-NauruBuada077.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Buada Lagoon</figcaption></figure> Coral cliffs surround Nauru's central plateau. The highest point of the plateau, called the <a href="/wiki/Command_Ridge" title="Command Ridge">Command Ridge</a>, is 71 m (233 ft) above sea level.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> The only fertile areas on Nauru are on the narrow coastal belt, where <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> palms flourish. The land around <a href="/wiki/Buada_Lagoon" title="Buada Lagoon">Buada Lagoon</a> supports <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">bananas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandanus_tectorius" title="Pandanus tectorius">pandanus trees</a>, and indigenous <a href="/wiki/Hardwood" title="Hardwood">hardwoods</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Calophyllum_inophyllum" title="Calophyllum inophyllum">tamanu tree</a>.<a href="#cite_note-state-6">[5]</a> Nauru was one of three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean, along with <a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Banaba (Ocean Island)</a>, in Kiribati, and <a href="/wiki/Makatea" title="Makatea">Makatea</a>, in <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>. The phosphate reserves on Nauru are now almost entirely depleted. Phosphate mining in the central plateau has left a barren terrain of jagged limestone pinnacles up to 15 m (49 ft) high. Mining has stripped and devastated about 80 per cent of Nauru's land area, leaving it uninhabitable<a href="#cite_note-KN-20180916-71">[69]</a> and has also affected the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a>; 40% of marine life is estimated to have been killed by <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a> and phosphate runoff.<a href="#cite_note-state-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-UNCCC-77">[75]</a> The island has no rivers,<a href="#cite_note-:12-78">[76]</a> and there is no inflow or outflow from the Buada Lagoon; it is an <a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">endorheic basin</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Nauru's climate is hot and very humid year-round because of its proximity to the equator and the ocean. Nauru is hit by <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> rains between November and February. Annual rainfall is highly variable and is influenced by the <a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93Southern_Oscillation" title="El Niño–Southern Oscillation">El Niño–Southern Oscillation</a>, with several significant recorded droughts.<a href="#cite_note-UNCCD-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> The temperature on Nauru ranges between 30 and 35 °C (86 and 95 °F) during the day and is quite stable at around 25 °C (77 °F) at night.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> Streams and rivers do not exist in Nauru. Water is gathered from roof catchment systems or brought to Nauru as ballast on ships returning for loads of phosphate.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ecology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Micronesia_tropical_moist_forests" title="Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests">Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Nauru" title="List of mammals of Nauru">List of mammals of Nauru</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Nauru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Aerial_view_of_Nauru.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_Nauru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Aerial_view_of_Nauru.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_Nauru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Aerial_view_of_Nauru.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_Nauru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1173" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Nauru</figcaption></figure> Fauna is sparse on the island because of a lack of vegetation and the consequences of phosphate mining. Many <a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Nauru" title="List of birds of Nauru">indigenous birds</a> have disappeared or become rare owing to the destruction of their habitat.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> There are about 60 recorded <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">vascular plant</a> species native to the island, none of which are <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a>. Coconut farming, mining, and introduced species have seriously disturbed the native vegetation.<a href="#cite_note-UNCCD-24">[22]</a> There are no native land <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, but there are native <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_crab" title="Terrestrial crab">land crabs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>, including the endemic <a href="/wiki/Nauru_reed_warbler" title="Nauru reed warbler">Nauru reed warbler</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_rat" title="Polynesian rat">Polynesian rat</a>, cats, dogs, pigs, and chickens have been <a href="/wiki/History_of_navigation" title="History of navigation">introduced to Nauru from ships</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> The diversity of the reef marine life makes fishing a popular activity for tourists on the island; also popular are <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba diving</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snorkeling" title="Snorkeling">snorkelling</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nauru" title="Politics of Nauru">Politics of Nauru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nauru" title="Elections in Nauru">Elections in Nauru</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Nauru" title="Law of Nauru">Law of Nauru</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nauru" title="List of political parties in Nauru">List of political parties in Nauru</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Nauru" title="Crime in Nauru">Crime in Nauru</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nauru-parliament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nauru-parliament.jpg/220px-Nauru-parliament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nauru-parliament.jpg/330px-Nauru-parliament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nauru-parliament.jpg/440px-Nauru-parliament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>Parliament of Nauru</figcaption></figure> The president of Nauru is <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">David Adeang</a>, who heads a <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nauru" title="Parliament of Nauru">19-member unicameral parliament</a>. The country is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>. Nauru also participates in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>. Recently, Nauru became a member country of the <a href="/wiki/International_Renewable_Energy_Agency" title="International Renewable Energy Agency">International Renewable Energy Agency</a> (IRENA). The Republic of Nauru became the 189th member of the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> in April 2016. Nauru is a republic with a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> of government.<a href="#cite_note-davidson-69">[67]</a> The president is both <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> and is dependent on parliamentary confidence to remain president. All 19 parliament seats are elected every three years.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> The parliament elects the president from its members, and the president appoints a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Nauru" title="Cabinet of Nauru">cabinet</a> of five to six members.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> As a result of a <a href="/wiki/2021_Nauruan_constitutional_referendum" title="2021 Nauruan constitutional referendum">referendum in 2021</a>, naturalised citizens and their descendants are barred from becoming parliamentarians. Nauru lacks any formal structure for political parties, and candidates typically stand for office as independents; fifteen of the 19 members of the current parliament are independents. Four parties that have been active in Nauruan politics are the Nauru Party, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Nauru" title="Democratic Party of Nauru">Democratic Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nauru_First" title="Nauru First">Nauru First</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Nauru)" title="Centre Party (Nauru)">Centre Party</a>. However, alliances within the government are often formed based on <a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">extended family ties rather than party affiliation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> From 1992 to 1999, Nauru had a local government system known as the Nauru Island Council (NIC).<a href="#cite_note-NIC-88">[86]</a> It was a successor to the <a href="/wiki/Nauru_Local_Government_Council" title="Nauru Local Government Council">Nauru Local Government Council</a>, established in 1951.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> This nine-member council was designed to provide municipal services. The NIC was dissolved in 1999 and all assets and liabilities became vested in the national government.<a href="#cite_note-NIC-88">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Land tenure</a> on Nauru is unusual: all Nauruans have certain rights to all land on the island, which is owned by individuals and family groups. Government and corporate entities do not own any land, and they must enter into a lease arrangement with landowners to use land. Non-Nauruans cannot own land on the island.<a href="#cite_note-UNCCD-24">[22]</a> Nauru's <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Nauru" title="Supreme Court of Nauru">Supreme Court</a>, headed by the Chief Justice, is paramount on <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nauru" title="Constitution of Nauru">constitutional issues</a>. Other cases can be appealed to the <a href="/wiki/Nauru_Court_of_Appeal" title="Nauru Court of Appeal">two-judge Appellate Court</a>. Parliament cannot overturn court decisions. Historically, Appellate Court rulings could be appealed to the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> though this happened only rarely and the Australian court's appellate jurisdiction ended entirely on 12 March 2018 after the Government of Nauru unilaterally ended the arrangement.<a href="#cite_note-Gans-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-94">[92]</a> Lower courts consist of the District Court and the Family Court, both of which are headed by a Resident Magistrate, who also is the Registrar of the Supreme Court. There are two other quasi-courts: the Public Service Appeal Board and the Police Appeal Board, both of which are presided over by the Chief Justice.<a href="#cite_note-state-6">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Foreign relations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nauru" title="Foreign relations of Nauru">Foreign relations of Nauru</a></div> Following independence in 1968, Nauru joined the Commonwealth of Nations as a Special Member; it became a full member in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-UN-95">[93]</a> The country was admitted to the Asian Development Bank in 1991 and the United Nations in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> Nauru is a member of the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Community" title="Pacific Community">Pacific Community</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Applied_Geoscience_Commission" title="South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission">South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> In February 2021, Nauru announced it would be formally withdrawing from the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a> in a joint statement with Marshall Islands, Kiribati, and the Federated States of Micronesia after a dispute regarding <a href="/wiki/Henry_Puna" title="Henry Puna">Henry Puna</a>'s election as the Forum's secretary-general.<a href="#cite_note-:2-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-99">[97]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nauru_cadet_police_on_training_exercise_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nauru_cadet_police_on_training_exercise_%282%29.jpg/220px-Nauru_cadet_police_on_training_exercise_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nauru_cadet_police_on_training_exercise_%282%29.jpg/330px-Nauru_cadet_police_on_training_exercise_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nauru_cadet_police_on_training_exercise_%282%29.jpg/440px-Nauru_cadet_police_on_training_exercise_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption>Nauruan police cadets undergoing training. Nauru <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_without_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries without armed forces">has no armed forces</a>, though there is a small police force under civilian control.</figcaption></figure> Nauru has <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_without_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries without armed forces">no armed forces</a>, though there is a small <a href="/wiki/Nauru_Police_Force" title="Nauru Police Force">police force</a> under civilian control.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-5">[4]</a> Australia is responsible for Nauru's defence under an informal agreement between the two countries.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-5">[4]</a> The September 2005 <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">memorandum of understanding</a> between Australia and Nauru provides the latter with financial aid and technical assistance, including a Secretary of Finance to prepare the budget, and advisers on health and education. This aid is in return for Nauru's housing of asylum seekers while their applications for entry into Australia are processed.<a href="#cite_note-DFAT-100">[98]</a> Nauru uses the Australian dollar as its official currency.<a href="#cite_note-state-6">[5]</a> Nauru has used its position as a member of the United Nations to gain financial support from both <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> (officially the Republic of China or ROC) and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (officially the People's Republic of China or PRC) by changing its recognition from one to the other under the <a href="/wiki/One-China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One-China policy">One-China policy</a>. On 21 July 2002, <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nauru_relations" title="China–Nauru relations">Nauru signed an agreement to establish diplomatic relations with the PRC</a>, accepting <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>130 million from the PRC for this action<a href="#cite_note-harding-101">[99]</a> (US$211 million in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-102">[100]</a>). In response, the <a href="/wiki/Nauru%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Nauru–Taiwan relations">ROC severed diplomatic relations with Nauru</a> two days later. Nauru later re-established links with the ROC on 14 May 2005,<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> and diplomatic ties with the PRC were officially severed on 31 May 2005.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> On 15 Jan 2024, Nauru severed ties with the ROC and re-established diplomatic ties with the PRC.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> In 2008, <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Kosovo" title="International recognition of Kosovo">Nauru recognised Kosovo as an independent country</a>, and in 2009 Nauru became the fourth country, after <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, to recognise <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>, two breakaway autonomous republics of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>. Russia was reported to be giving Nauru US$50 million in humanitarian aid as a result of this recognition<a href="#cite_note-harding-101">[99]</a> (US$69.5 million in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-102">[100]</a>). On 15 July 2008, the Nauruan government announced a port refurbishment programme, financed with US$9 million of development aid received from Russia (US$12.5 million in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-102">[100]</a>). The Nauru government claimed this aid is not related to its recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> The US <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_Radiation_Measurement_Climate_Research_Facility" title="Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility">Atmospheric Radiation Measurement</a> program operates a climate-monitoring facility on the island.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> A significant portion of Nauru's income has been in the form of aid from Australia. In 2001, the <a href="/wiki/MV_Tampa" title="MV Tampa">MV Tampa</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norwegian</a> ship that had rescued 438 refugees from a stranded boat, was seeking to dock in Australia. In what became known as <a href="/wiki/Tampa_affair" title="Tampa affair">the Tampa affair</a>, the ship was refused entry and boarded by <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian troops</a>. The refugees were eventually taken to Nauru to be held in detention facilities which later became part of the <a href="/wiki/Howard_government" title="Howard government">Howard government</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Solution" title="Pacific Solution">Pacific Solution</a>. Nauru operated two detention centres known as State House and Topside for these refugees in exchange for Australian aid.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> By November 2005, only two refugees remained on Nauru from those first sent there in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-TheAge-109">[107]</a> The Australian government sent further groups of asylum-seekers to Nauru in late 2006 and early 2007.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> The refugee centre was closed in 2008,<a href="#cite_note-state-6">[5]</a> but, following the Australian government's re-adoption of the Pacific Solution in August 2012, it has re-opened it.<a href="#cite_note-SBS_World_News-111">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> has since described the conditions of the refugees of war living in Nauru as a "horror",<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> with reports of children as young as eight attempting <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> and engaging in acts of self-harm.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-114">[112]</a> In 2018, the situation gained attention as a "mental health crisis", with an estimated thirty children suffering from traumatic withdrawal syndrome, also known as <a href="/wiki/Resignation_syndrome" title="Resignation syndrome">resignation syndrome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> By the middle of 2023, the camp was finally totally emptied for the first time since it opened, with 4183 people having being detained there since it opened in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> In 2024 a few dozen refugees were again being held there while their claims are being processed.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Nauru" title="List of settlements in Nauru">List of settlements in Nauru</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nauru-districts-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nauru-districts-fr.svg/290px-Nauru-districts-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nauru-districts-fr.svg/435px-Nauru-districts-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nauru-districts-fr.svg/580px-Nauru-districts-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>Map of Nauru showing its districts</figcaption></figure> Nauru is divided into fourteen administrative districts, which are grouped into <a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_Nauru" title="Constituencies of Nauru">eight electoral constituencies</a> and are further divided into villages.<a href="#cite_note-state-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA-5">[4]</a> The most populous district is <a href="/wiki/Denigomodu_District" title="Denigomodu District">Denigomodu</a>, with 1,804 residents, of which 1,497 reside in a Republic of Nauru Phosphate Corporation settlement called "Location". The following table shows population by district according to the 2011 census.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> <table> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe6"> <th>No.</th> <th>District</th> <th>Former name</th> <th>Area (<a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">ha</a>)</th> <th>Population (2011)</th> <th>No. of villages</th> <th>Density (persons/ha) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aiwo_District" title="Aiwo District">Aiwo</a></td> <td>Aiue</td> <td style="text-align:right;">110</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,220</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anabar_District" title="Anabar District">Anabar</a></td> <td>Anebwor</td> <td style="text-align:right;">150</td> <td style="text-align:right;">452</td> <td style="text-align:right;">15</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anetan_District" title="Anetan District">Anetan</a></td> <td>Añetañ</td> <td style="text-align:right;">100</td> <td style="text-align:right;">587</td> <td style="text-align:right;">12</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anibare_District" title="Anibare District">Anibare</a></td> <td>Anybody</td> <td style="text-align:right;">310</td> <td style="text-align:right;">226</td> <td style="text-align:right;">17</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baiti_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiti District">Baitsi</a></td> <td>Beidi, Baiti</td> <td style="text-align:right;">120</td> <td style="text-align:right;">513</td> <td style="text-align:right;">15</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boe_District" title="Boe District">Boe</a></td> <td>Boi</td> <td style="text-align:right;">50</td> <td style="text-align:right;">851</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4</td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buada_District" title="Buada District">Buada</a></td> <td>Arenibok</td> <td style="text-align:right;">260</td> <td style="text-align:right;">739</td> <td style="text-align:right;">14</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denigomodu_District" title="Denigomodu District">Denigomodu</a></td> <td>Denikomotu</td> <td style="text-align:right;">118</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,804</td> <td style="text-align:right;">17</td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ewa_District,_Nauru" title="Ewa District, Nauru">Ewa</a></td> <td>Eoa</td> <td style="text-align:right;">120</td> <td style="text-align:right;">446</td> <td style="text-align:right;">12</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ijuw_District" title="Ijuw District">Ijuw</a></td> <td>Ijub</td> <td style="text-align:right;">110</td> <td style="text-align:right;">178</td> <td style="text-align:right;">13</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meneng_District" title="Meneng District">Meneng</a></td> <td>Meneñ</td> <td style="text-align:right;">310</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,380</td> <td style="text-align:right;">18</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nibok_District" title="Nibok District">Nibok</a></td> <td>Ennibeck</td> <td style="text-align:right;">160</td> <td style="text-align:right;">484</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uaboe_District" title="Uaboe District">Uaboe</a></td> <td>Ueboi</td> <td style="text-align:right;">80</td> <td style="text-align:right;">318</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yaren_District" title="Yaren District">Yaren</a></td> <td>Moqua</td> <td style="text-align:right;">150</td> <td style="text-align:right;">747</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.0 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #CCC;" class="sortbottom"> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td>Nauru</td> <td>Naoero</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,120</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,084</td> <td style="text-align:right;">169</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.8 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nauru" title="Economy of Nauru">Economy of Nauru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nauru" title="Telecommunications in Nauru">Telecommunications in Nauru</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phosphate_loading_station_Nauru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Phosphate_loading_station_Nauru.jpg/220px-Phosphate_loading_station_Nauru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Phosphate_loading_station_Nauru.jpg/330px-Phosphate_loading_station_Nauru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Phosphate_loading_station_Nauru.jpg/440px-Phosphate_loading_station_Nauru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Phosphate loading infrastructure in 2006</figcaption></figure> Before a resurgence in the 2010s, the Nauruan economy was strongest in the 1970s, with <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> peaking in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> This trend came from phosphate mining, which accounted for a majority of its economic output. Mining declined starting in the early 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-CER-NAU-2007-121">[119]</a>: 5 <a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> There are few other resources, and most necessities are imported.<a href="#cite_note-state-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> Small-scale mining is still conducted by RONPhos, formerly known as the Nauru Phosphate Corporation.<a href="#cite_note-state-6">[5]</a> The government places a percentage of RONPhos's earnings into the <a href="/wiki/Nauru_Phosphate_Royalties_Trust" title="Nauru Phosphate Royalties Trust">Nauru Phosphate Royalties Trust</a>. The trust manages long-term investments, which were intended to support the citizens after the phosphate reserves were exhausted.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> Because of mismanagement, the trust's fixed and <a href="/wiki/Current_asset" title="Current asset">current assets</a> were reduced considerably and may never fully recover. The failed investments included financing <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_the_Musical:_A_Portrait_of_Love" title="Leonardo the Musical: A Portrait of Love">Leonardo the Musical</a> in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-mellow-125">[123]</a> The Mercure Hotel in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Australia<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nauru_House" title="Nauru House">Nauru House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Australia were sold in 2004 to finance debts and <a href="/wiki/Air_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Nauru">Air Nauru</a>'s only <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737</a> was repossessed in December 2005. Normal air service resumed after the aircraft was replaced with a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737-300" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737-300">Boeing 737-300</a> airliner in June 2006.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> In 2005, the corporation sold its remaining real estate in Melbourne, the vacant Savoy Tavern site, for A$7.5 million<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> (US$11.2 million in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-102">[100]</a>). The value of the trust is estimated to have shrunk from A$1.3 billion in 1991 to A$138 million in 2002 (A$2.79 billion to A$229 million in 2022 dollars<a href="#cite_note-inflation-AU-65">[63]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-ADB-129">[127]</a> Nauru currently lacks money to perform many of the basic functions of government; for example, the National Bank of Nauru is insolvent. The <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a> estimated a <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">GDP per capita</a> of US$5,000 in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-5">[4]</a> The Asian Development Bank 2007 economic report on Nauru estimated GDP per capita at US$2,400 to US$2,715.<a href="#cite_note-CER-NAU-2007-121">[119]</a> There are no personal taxes in Nauru. The unemployment rate is estimated to be 23% and the government employs 95% of those who have jobs.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Economist-130">[128]</a> The Asian Development Bank notes that, although the administration has a strong public mandate to implement economic reforms, in the absence of an alternative to phosphate mining, the medium-term outlook is for continued dependence on external assistance.<a href="#cite_note-ADB-129">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nauru" title="Tourism in Nauru">Tourism</a> is not a major contributor to the economy.<a href="#cite_note-pitic-131">[129]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_site_of_secondary_mining_of_Phosphate_rock_in_Nauru,_2007._Photo-_Lorrie_Graham_(10729889683).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_site_of_secondary_mining_of_Phosphate_rock_in_Nauru%2C_2007._Photo-_Lorrie_Graham_%2810729889683%29.jpg/220px-The_site_of_secondary_mining_of_Phosphate_rock_in_Nauru%2C_2007._Photo-_Lorrie_Graham_%2810729889683%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_site_of_secondary_mining_of_Phosphate_rock_in_Nauru%2C_2007._Photo-_Lorrie_Graham_%2810729889683%29.jpg/330px-The_site_of_secondary_mining_of_Phosphate_rock_in_Nauru%2C_2007._Photo-_Lorrie_Graham_%2810729889683%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_site_of_secondary_mining_of_Phosphate_rock_in_Nauru%2C_2007._Photo-_Lorrie_Graham_%2810729889683%29.jpg/440px-The_site_of_secondary_mining_of_Phosphate_rock_in_Nauru%2C_2007._Photo-_Lorrie_Graham_%2810729889683%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">Limestone</a> pinnacles remain after phosphate mining at the site of one of Nauru's secondary mines</figcaption></figure> In the 1990s, Nauru became a tax haven and offered <a href="/wiki/Nauruan_passport" title="Nauruan passport">passports</a> to foreign nationals for a fee.<a href="#cite_note-NY_Times-132">[130]</a> The inter-governmental <a href="/wiki/Financial_Action_Task_Force_on_Money_Laundering" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering">Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering</a> (FATF) identified Nauru as one of 15 "<a href="/wiki/FATF_Blacklist" class="mw-redirect" title="FATF Blacklist">non-cooperative</a>" countries in its fight against money laundering. During the 1990s, it was possible to establish a licensed bank in Nauru for only US$25,000<a href="#cite_note-NY_Times-132">[130]</a> (US$42,040 in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-102">[100]</a>) with no other requirements. Under pressure from FATF, Nauru introduced anti-avoidance legislation in 2003, after which foreign <a href="/wiki/Hot_money" title="Hot money">hot money</a> left the country. In October 2005, after satisfactory results from the legislation and its enforcement, FATF lifted the non-cooperative designation.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> From 2001 to 2007, the Nauru detention centre provided a significant source of income for the country. The Nauruan authorities reacted with concern to its closure by Australia.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> In February 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_foreign_affairs" title="Ministry of foreign affairs">Foreign Affairs minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kieren_Keke" title="Kieren Keke">Kieren Keke</a>, stated that the closure would result in 100 Nauruans losing their jobs, and would affect 10% of the island's population directly or indirectly: "We have got a huge number of families that are suddenly going to be without any income. We are looking at ways we can try and provide some welfare assistance but our capacity to do that is very limited. Literally we have got a major unemployment crisis in front of us."<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> The detention centre was re-opened in August 2012.<a href="#cite_note-SBS_World_News-111">[109]</a> In July 2017, the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)</a> <a href="/wiki/Global_Forum_on_Transparency_and_Exchange_of_Information_for_Tax_Purposes" title="Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes">upgraded its rating</a> of Nauru's standards of tax transparency. Previously Nauru had been listed alongside fourteen other countries that had failed to show that they could comply with international tax transparency standards and regulations. The OECD subsequently put Nauru through a fast-tracked compliance process and the country was given a "largely compliant" rating.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> The Nauru 2017–2018 budget, delivered by <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_of_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Finance of Nauru">Minister of Finance</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">David Adeang</a>, forecast A$128.7 million in revenues and A$128.6 million in expenditures and projected modest economic growth for the nation over the next two years.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> In 2018, the Nauru government partnered with the <a href="/wiki/Deep_sea_mining" title="Deep sea mining">deep sea mining</a> company DeepGreen, now Nauru Ocean Resources Inc (NORI), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Canadian <a href="/wiki/The_Metals_Company" title="The Metals Company">The Metals Company</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> They planned to harvest <a href="/wiki/Manganese_nodule" title="Manganese nodule">manganese nodules</a> whose minerals and metals can be used in the development of <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">sustainable energy</a> technology.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nauru" title="Demographics of Nauru">Demographics of Nauru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Religion in Nauru</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Population_of_Nauru.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Population_of_Nauru.svg/220px-Population_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Population_of_Nauru.svg/330px-Population_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Population_of_Nauru.svg/440px-Population_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>The population of Nauru, 1886–2013</figcaption></figure> Nauru had 12,511 residents as of July 2021.<a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-10">[8]</a> The population was previously larger, but in 2006 the island saw 1,500 people leave during a repatriation of immigrant workers from Kiribati and Tuvalu. The repatriation was motivated by significant <a href="/wiki/Layoff" title="Layoff">layoffs</a> in phosphate mining.<a href="#cite_note-CER-NAU-2007-121">[119]</a> Nauru is one of the most densely populated <a href="/wiki/Westernization" title="Westernization">Westernized</a> countries in the South Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> The official languages of Nauru are <a href="/wiki/Nauruan_language" title="Nauruan language">Nauruan</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. Nauruan<a href="#cite_note-directory-2">[2]</a> is a distinct <a href="/wiki/Micronesian_languages" title="Micronesian languages">Micronesian language</a>, which is spoken by 96% of ethnic Nauruans at home.<a href="#cite_note-CER-NAU-2007-121">[119]</a> English is widely spoken and is the language of government and commerce.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-state-6">[5]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nauru(09).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Nauru%2809%29.jpg/220px-Nauru%2809%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Nauru%2809%29.jpg/330px-Nauru%2809%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Nauru%2809%29.jpg/440px-Nauru%2809%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Church in Nauru</figcaption></figure> The main <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">religion practised on the island</a> is <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>: the main denominations are <a href="/wiki/Nauru_Congregational_Church" title="Nauru Congregational Church">Nauru Congregational Church</a> (35.71%), <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (32.96%), <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a> (12.98%), and <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> (1.48%).<a href="#cite_note-state-6">[5]</a> The Constitution provides for <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a>. However, the government has restricted the religious practices of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, most of whom are foreign workers employed by the government-owned Nauru Phosphate Corporation.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> The Catholics are pastorally served by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tarawa_and_Nauru" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tarawa and Nauru">Roman Catholic Diocese of Tarawa and Nauru</a>, with see at <a href="/wiki/Tarawa" title="Tarawa">Tarawa</a> in Kiribati. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_services">Public services</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Public services">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Nauru" title="Education in Nauru">Education in Nauru</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">Literacy</a> on Nauru is 96%. Education is compulsory for children from six to sixteen years old, and two more non-compulsory years are offered (years 11 and 12).<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> The island has three primary schools and two secondary schools. The secondary schools are <a href="/wiki/Nauru_Secondary_School" title="Nauru Secondary School">Nauru Secondary School</a> and Nauru College.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> There is a campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific" title="University of the South Pacific">University of the South Pacific</a> on Nauru. Before this campus was built in 1987, students would study either by distance or abroad.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> Since 2011, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_England_(Australia)" title="University of New England (Australia)">University of New England</a>, Australia has established a presence on the island with around 30 Nauruan teachers studying for an associate degree in education. These students will continue on to the degree to complete their studies.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> This project is led by Associate Professor Pep Serow and funded by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade" title="Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade">Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade</a>. The previous community public library was destroyed in a fire. As of 1999<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit">[update]</a>, a new one had not yet been built, and no <a href="/wiki/Bookmobile" title="Bookmobile">bookmobile</a> services were available as of that year. Sites with libraries include the University of the South Pacific campus, Nauru Secondary, Kayser College, and Aiwo Primary.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> The Nauru Community Library is in the new University of the South Pacific Nauru Campus building, which was officially opened in May 2018. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Health">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Nauru" title="Health in Nauru">Health in Nauru</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_Nauru" title="Obesity in Nauru">Obesity in Nauru</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Participants_of_a_walk_against_Diabetes_and_for_general_fitness_around_Nauru_airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Participants_of_a_walk_against_Diabetes_and_for_general_fitness_around_Nauru_airport.jpg/220px-Participants_of_a_walk_against_Diabetes_and_for_general_fitness_around_Nauru_airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Participants_of_a_walk_against_Diabetes_and_for_general_fitness_around_Nauru_airport.jpg/330px-Participants_of_a_walk_against_Diabetes_and_for_general_fitness_around_Nauru_airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Participants_of_a_walk_against_Diabetes_and_for_general_fitness_around_Nauru_airport.jpg/440px-Participants_of_a_walk_against_Diabetes_and_for_general_fitness_around_Nauru_airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Nauruan residents walking around <a href="/wiki/Nauru_International_Airport" title="Nauru International Airport">Nauru International Airport</a>. Nauruans are amongst the most obese people in the world.<a href="#cite_note-TI.uk-149">[147]</a></figcaption></figure>Nauru has one of the highest child mortality rates in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) region at 2.9% in 2020, according to a <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> study.<a href="#cite_note-:5-150">[148]</a> Life expectancy in Nauru in 2009 was 60.6 years for males and 68.0 years for females.<a href="#cite_note-Nauru-151">[149]</a> By measure of <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_body_mass_index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by body mass index">mean body mass index (BMI)</a>, Nauruans are the most overweight people in the world;<a href="#cite_note-TI.uk-149">[147]</a> 97% of men and 93% of women are overweight or <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obese</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TI.uk-149">[147]</a> In 2012, the obesity rate was 71.7%.<a href="#cite_note-Asahi_Shimbun-152">[150]</a> <a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_Pacific" title="Obesity in the Pacific">Obesity on the Pacific islands</a> is common. Nauru has the world's highest level of <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus type 2">type 2 diabetes</a>, with more than 40% of the population affected.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> Other significant dietary-related problems on Nauru include <a href="/wiki/Kidney_failure" title="Kidney failure">kidney disease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">heart disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nauru-151">[149]</a> Nauru has the world's highest tobacco smoking rate (48.3% in 2022).<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Nauru" title="Transport in Nauru">Transport in Nauru</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Nauru_airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/View_of_Nauru_airport.jpg/220px-View_of_Nauru_airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/View_of_Nauru_airport.jpg/330px-View_of_Nauru_airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/View_of_Nauru_airport.jpg/440px-View_of_Nauru_airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>View of Nauru International Airport</figcaption></figure> The island is solely served by <a href="/wiki/Nauru_International_Airport" title="Nauru International Airport">Nauru International Airport</a>. Passenger service is provided by <a href="/wiki/Nauru_Airlines" title="Nauru Airlines">Nauru Airlines</a>. Flights operate four days a week to <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Airport" title="Brisbane Airport">Brisbane</a>, Australia,<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> with limited service to other destinations including <a href="/wiki/Nadi_International_Airport" title="Nadi International Airport">Nadi</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> (Fiji) and <a href="/wiki/Bonriki_International_Airport" title="Bonriki International Airport">Bonriki</a> (Kiribati).<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> The island has about 30 km (18 miles) of road, and it has about 4 km of railway that was built for mining use a century ago.<a href="#cite_note-:12-78">[76]</a> Nauru is accessible by sea via the <a href="/wiki/Nauru_International_Port" title="Nauru International Port">Nauru International Port</a>. The modernization and expansion project of the former Aiwo Boat Harbor was expected to be completed in 2021 but has been delayed due to technical and logistics issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-Nauru_Port_Workers-158">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Throwing_a_Lifeline-159">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_of_mining">Effects of mining</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Effects of mining">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_mining_in_Nauru" title="Effects of mining in Nauru">Effects of mining in Nauru</a></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nauru_1919_slnsw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Nauru_1919_slnsw.jpg/220px-Nauru_1919_slnsw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Nauru_1919_slnsw.jpg/330px-Nauru_1919_slnsw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Nauru_1919_slnsw.jpg/440px-Nauru_1919_slnsw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="1462" /></a><figcaption>Phosphate mining, Nauru, 1919</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_mining_in_Nauru" title="Effects of mining in Nauru">The effects of phosphate mining in Nauru</a> have had significant negative impacts on the island's environment and economy.<a href="#cite_note-Effects_of_mining_in_Nauru_Gowdy_McDaniel_1999_pp._333–338-160">[158]</a> One of the most prominent effects of the <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a> mining in Nauru is the extensive environmental degradation that has occurred as a result of the extraction of phosphates.<a href="#cite_note-Effects_of_mining_in_Nauru_Hasham_2015_h034-161">[159]</a> Large areas of the island have been stripped of vegetation and topsoil, leaving behind barren landscapes that are prone to erosion and degradation.<a href="#cite_note-Effects_of_mining_in_Nauru_The_MIT_Press_Reader_2019_r842-162">[160]</a> The mining activities have also caused significant disruption to the island's ecosystem, leading to a decline in biodiversity and the extinction of several plant and animal species.<a href="#cite_note-Effects_of_mining_in_Nauru_Manner_Thaman_Hassall_1984_pp._1454–1465-163">[161]</a> The mining in Nauru has also had profound social and health consequences for the country.<a href="#cite_note-Effects_of_mining_in_Nauru_Pollock_1996_pp._123–134-164">[162]</a> The reliance on phosphate mining as the main source of income has made Nauru extremely vulnerable to fluctuations in global commodity prices, leading to economic instability and uncertainty.<a href="#cite_note-Effects_of_mining_in_Nauru_Pollon_2023_b230-165">[163]</a> The depletion of the phosphate deposits has also left the country with limited options for sustainable economic development, as the once fertile land is now unusable for agriculture or other purposes. This has resulted in high levels of unemployment and poverty among the population,<a href="#cite_note-Effects_of_mining_in_Nauru_International_Labour_Organization_2015_q841-166">[164]</a> further exacerbating social issues such as <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Nauru" title="Crime in Nauru">crime</a> and substance abuse.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food,_farming,_and_diet">Food, farming, and diet</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Food, farming, and diet">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plants_and_farming">Plants and farming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Plants and farming">edit</a>]</div> Historically, Indigenous Nauruans kept household gardens that provided much of the food that they needed through <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture" title="Subsistence agriculture">subsistence farming</a>, with the most common food plants including coconuts, <a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">breadfruit</a>, bananas, <a href="/wiki/Pandanus" title="Pandanus">pandanus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">papaya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guava" title="Guava">guavas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-167">[165]</a> Because of the large immigrant population that would work in the phosphate mines, there were many types of fruits and vegetables grown that were staples in those countries as well.<a href="#cite_note-:6-167">[165]</a> The soil in Nauru was very rich on what citizens call the "Topside", which is the raised phosphate plateau where the phosphate is mined from, and it was extremely fertile and great for growing crops.<a href="#cite_note-:6-167">[165]</a> However, the area where most Nauruans live now, on the coastal ring on the island that hasn't been mined, the soil quality is among the poorest in the world, as it is shallow, alkaline, and has the coarse texture of the coral that surrounds it.<a href="#cite_note-:7-168">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-169">[167]</a> In 2011, just 13% of households maintained a garden or were involved in growing crops.<a href="#cite_note-:9-170">[168]</a> Most of the soil that was on Nauru is now gone because of phosphate-mining activities, leaving people to import the soil that they need.<a href="#cite_note-:7-168">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-167">[165]</a> Ethnobotanical studies have indicated that the reduction in the types of plants that can be grown due to phosphate mining has significantly impacted the connection that Indigenous Nauruans feel to the land, as plants are a large part of their cultural identity and have many uses in their lives, with each plant having an average of seven uses within Pacific Island cultures.<a href="#cite_note-:6-167">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Food">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fishing_on_Nauru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Fishing_on_Nauru.jpg/220px-Fishing_on_Nauru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Fishing_on_Nauru.jpg/330px-Fishing_on_Nauru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Fishing_on_Nauru.jpg/440px-Fishing_on_Nauru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption>Fishing in Buada Lagoon, Nauru in 1938</figcaption></figure> For Nauru residents today, all food must also be imported because of the loss of 90% of arable land due to phosphate mining, leaving people with a diet of mainly processed foods, such as rice and sugar.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> Though residents are trying to salvage the soil that they can, some researchers speculate that there will be no regeneration of soils even after the mining ceases.<a href="#cite_note-:7-168">[166]</a> The country's dependence on processed and imported foods along with "cultural, historical, and social factors" have greatly affected the health of its citizens.<a href="#cite_note-:10-172">[170]</a> Despite having all food imported, the Household and Income Expenditure Survey (HIES) conducted for the year of 2012–2013 found that Nauruans have a food poverty incidence rate of 0, based on the Food Poverty Line (FPL) which "includes a daily intake of 2,100 calories per adult per day."<a href="#cite_note-:10-172">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-food_basic_needs">Non-food basic needs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Non-food basic needs">edit</a>]</div> While the HIES found that Nauru is doing well in terms of food poverty, 24% of the population and 16.8% of households are below the basic needs (clothing, shelter, education, transport, communication, water, sanitation and health services) poverty line.<a href="#cite_note-:10-172">[170]</a> This is the worst poverty index of all Pacific nations.<a href="#cite_note-:10-172">[170]</a> In 2017, half of Nauruans were living on US$9,000 a year (approx. A$11,700 a year). Water resources are extremely limited, with the island supplying enough for 32 liters of freshwater per person per day despite the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a>'s recommendation of 50 liters per person per day.<a href="#cite_note-:11-173">[171]</a> Much of the groundwater has been contaminated by mining runoff, toilets, and dumping of other commercial and household wastes, causing Nauruans to rely on imported water, the price of which can vary as it is closely tied to fuel prices for its delivery, and rainfall storage.<a href="#cite_note-:11-173">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-150">[148]</a> Access to sanitation facilities is restricted with just 66% of residents having access to reliable toilets, and open defecation is still practiced by 3% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-:5-150">[148]</a> Schools are frequently forced to close because they do not have reliable toilets or drinking water for students to use.<a href="#cite_note-:5-150">[148]</a> There is a long-standing truancy problem, and accessibility of education for refugee and asylum-seeking children, as well as for disabled children, remain areas of concern for Nauru's education sector.<a href="#cite_note-:5-150">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nauru" title="Culture of Nauru">Culture of Nauru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nauru" title="Music of Nauru">Music of Nauru</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nauruan_cuisine" title="Nauruan cuisine">Nauruan cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Living_on_a_Blue_Planet_-_Nauru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Living_on_a_Blue_Planet_-_Nauru.jpg/220px-Living_on_a_Blue_Planet_-_Nauru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Living_on_a_Blue_Planet_-_Nauru.jpg/330px-Living_on_a_Blue_Planet_-_Nauru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Living_on_a_Blue_Planet_-_Nauru.jpg/440px-Living_on_a_Blue_Planet_-_Nauru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2810" data-file-height="1413" /></a><figcaption>Anibare Bay</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Angam_Day" title="Angam Day">Angam Day</a>, held on 26 October, celebrates the recovery of the Nauruan population after the two world wars and the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">1920 influenza epidemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> Colonial and contemporary Western influence has largely displaced the indigenous culture.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> Few older customs have been preserved, but some forms of traditional music, arts and crafts, and fishing are still practised.<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> Nauruan folk songs existed as of 1970,<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> while Oh Bwio Eben Bwio is a noticeable folk song.<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> Whilst the traditional culture rapidly gives way to the contemporary, as elsewhere in Micronesia, music and dance still rank among the most popular art forms. Rhythmic singing and traditional reigen<a href="#cite_note-180">[n 1]</a> are performed particularly at celebrations. At least, a historical form of a Nauruan dance called fish dance in English was recorded in a form of photographs.<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> Known contemporary dances are the frigate bird dance and the dogoropa.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a> of Nauru is "<a href="/wiki/Nauru_Bwiema" title="Nauru Bwiema">Nauru Bwiema</a>" ("Song of Nauru").<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hendrie" title="Margaret Hendrie">Margaret Hendrie</a> wrote the words; <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Henry_Hicks" title="Laurence Henry Hicks">Laurence Henry Hicks</a> composed the music. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Nauru" title="Mass media in Nauru">Mass media in Nauru</a></div> There are no daily news publications on Nauru, although there is one fortnightly publication, Mwinen Ko. There is a state-owned television station, <a href="/wiki/Nauru_Television" title="Nauru Television">Nauru Television</a> (NTV), which broadcasts programs from New Zealand and Australia, and a state-owned non-commercial radio station, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Nauru" title="Radio Nauru">Radio Nauru</a>, which carries programs from <a href="/wiki/Radio_Australia" title="Radio Australia">Radio Australia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Soccer_in_Nauru" title="Soccer in Nauru">Soccer in Nauru</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linkbelt1999-Finalspiel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Linkbelt1999-Finalspiel.jpg/220px-Linkbelt1999-Finalspiel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Linkbelt1999-Finalspiel.jpg/330px-Linkbelt1999-Finalspiel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Linkbelt1999-Finalspiel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a>, played at <a href="/wiki/Linkbelt_Oval" title="Linkbelt Oval">Linkbelt Oval</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a> is the most popular sport in Nauru; it and <a href="/wiki/Weightlifting" title="Weightlifting">weightlifting</a> are considered the country's national sports. There is an <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football_in_Nauru" title="Australian rules football in Nauru">Australian rules football league</a> with eight teams.<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> The Nauruan national team for Australian rules football are the <a href="/wiki/Nauru_national_Australian_rules_football_team" title="Nauru national Australian rules football team">Chiefs</a>. Other sports popular in Nauru include <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">netball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">fishing</a>, weightlifting and <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>. Nauru participates in the Commonwealth Games and <a href="/wiki/Nauru_at_the_Olympics" title="Nauru at the Olympics">has participated in the Summer Olympic Games</a> in weightlifting and <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">judo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> On 14 March 2024, former Premier League striker <a href="/wiki/Dave_Kitson" title="Dave Kitson">Dave Kitson</a> was announced as Nauru's first ever national soccer team manager. The Nauru Soccer Federation also unveiled plans to organize a new regional sub-confederation, the Micronesia Football Federation, with other associations in <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>. The group had begun planning to hold a tournament in summer 2025. <a href="/wiki/Kiribati_national_football_team" title="Kiribati national football team">Kiribati</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia_national_football_team" title="Federated States of Micronesia national football team">Federated States of Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palau_national_football_team" title="Palau national football team">Palau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu_national_football_team" title="Tuvalu national football team">Tuvalu</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands_national_soccer_team" title="Marshall Islands national soccer team">Marshall Islands</a> planned to participate, in addition to Nauru.<a href="#cite_note-Dave_Kitson:_Former_Reading_forward_set_to_manage_Nauru_in_first_international_match-189">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dave_Kitson_to_coach_Nauru_football_team_-_a_team_that_doesn’t_exist_yet-190">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nauru_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauru national basketball team">Nauru's national basketball team</a> competed at the <a href="/wiki/Basketball_at_the_1969_South_Pacific_Games" title="Basketball at the 1969 South Pacific Games">1969 Pacific Games</a>, where it defeated <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomon Islands national basketball team">Solomon Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiji_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiji national basketball team">Fiji</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nauru_national_rugby_sevens_team" title="Nauru national rugby sevens team">Nauru national rugby sevens team</a> made its international debut at the <a href="/wiki/2015_Pacific_Games" title="2015 Pacific Games">2015 Pacific Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> Nauru competed in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Oceania_Sevens_Championship" title="2015 Oceania Sevens Championship">2015 Oceania Sevens Championship</a> in New Zealand. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_countries-vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/31px-P_countries-vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/47px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/62px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Countries" title="Portal:Countries">Countries portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/32px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/48px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/64px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="617" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceania" title="Portal:Oceania">Oceania portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Nauru-related_articles" title="Index of Nauru-related articles">Index of Nauru-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nauru" title="Outline of Nauru">Outline of Nauru</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Nauru does not have an official capital but Yaren is the seat of parliament.<a href="#cite_note-directory-2">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> English is widely spoken by the majority of the population and it is commonly used in government, legislation and commerce alongside Nauruan. Because of Nauru's history and relationship with Australia, <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a> is the dominant variety.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-state-6">[5]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> Indirectly influenced by German colonialism, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reigen">reigen</a> in this cultural context is a German word that implies styles of circular-moving dances in Nauru's historical past, implying that historical Nauruan traditional dances tend to be informal.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFranksBernier2018" class="citation book cs1">Franks, Patricia C.; Bernier, Anthony, eds. (10 August 2018). International Directory of National Archives. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 263.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Directory+of+National+Archives&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2018-08-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-directory-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-directory_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-directory_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-directory_2-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Worldwide Government Directory with Intergovernmental Organizations. CQ Press. 2013. p. 1131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Worldwide+Government+Directory+with+Intergovernmental+Organizations&rft.pages=1131&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/Links/LEGISLATIVE-DRAFTING%20MANUAL-Nauru.pdf">"REPUBLIC OF NAURU Revenue Administration Act Act No. 15 of 2014"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230309065917/http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/Links/LEGISLATIVE-DRAFTING%20MANUAL-Nauru.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023. <q>All Bills are to be drafted in English, the official language of Nauru.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=REPUBLIC+OF+NAURU+Revenue+Administration+Act+Act+No.+15+of+2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fronlaw.gov.nr%2Fnauru_lpms%2FLinks%2FLEGISLATIVE-DRAFTING%2520MANUAL-Nauru.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_5-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Intelligence_Agency2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nauru/">"Nauru"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210812172003/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nauru/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nauru&rft.pub=The+World+Factbook&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fnauru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-state-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-state_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-state_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-state_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-state_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-state_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-state_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-state_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-state_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-state_6-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-state_6-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-state_6-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-state_6-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-state_6-12">m</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121017054843/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/16447.htm">"Background Note: Nauru"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs" title="Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs">State Department Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs</a>. 13 March 2012. 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Retrieved 17 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022%3A+Demographic+indicators+by+region%2C+subregion+and+country%2C+annually+for+1950-2100&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2FDownload%2FFiles%2F1_Indicators%2520%28Standard%29%2FEXCEL_FILES%2F1_General%2FWPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nauru_Census-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Nauru_Census_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924120203/http://www.spc.int/prism/nauru/PublicDocuments/Census/Nauru_2011_Census_Report_FINAL.pdf">"National Report on Population ad Housing"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 1 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.imf.org&rft.atitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2017%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D58%26pr.y%3D9%26sy%3D2017%26ey%3D2022%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D836%26s%3DNGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/2024"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. 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CDSG Newsletter: 8–9. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdsg.org/reprint%20PDFs/CDSGNnov08.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CDSG+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Death+off+Nauru&rft.pages=8-9&rft.date=2008-11&rft.au=Bogart%2C+Charles+H&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdsg.org%2Freprint%2520PDFs%2FCDSGNnov08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIM41-2-49"><a href="#cite_ref-PIM41-2_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-316032928/view?partId=nla.obj-316050130#page/n36/mode/1up">"How Nauru Took the Shelling"</a>. XI(7) Pacific Islands Monthly. 14 February 1941. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928112546/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-316032928/view?partId=nla.obj-316050130#page/n36/mode/1up">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=XI%287%29+Pacific+Islands+Monthly&rft.atitle=How+Nauru+Took+the+Shelling&rft.date=1941-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-316032928%2Fview%3FpartId%3Dnla.obj-316050130%23page%2Fn36%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PacMag-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PacMag_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PacMag_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaden,_JD2000" class="citation journal cs1">Haden, JD (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208125727/http://166.122.164.43/archive/2000/April/04-03-19.htm">"Nauru: a middle ground in World War II"</a>. Pacific Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://166.122.164.43/archive/2000/April/04-03-19.htm">the original</a> on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Magazine&rft.atitle=Nauru%3A+a+middle+ground+in+World+War+II&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Haden%2C+JD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F166.122.164.43%2Farchive%2F2000%2FApril%2F04-03-19.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIM1946-6-51"><a href="#cite_ref-PIM1946-6_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-317564791/view?partId=nla.obj-317661362#page/n50/mode/1up">"Interesting Sidelights on Jap Occupation of Nauru"</a>. XVI(11) Pacific Islands Monthly. 18 June 1946. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230601062815/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-317564791/view?partId=nla.obj-317661362#page/n50/mode/1up">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=XVI%2811%29+Pacific+Islands+Monthly&rft.atitle=Interesting+Sidelights+on+Jap+Occupation+of+Nauru&rft.date=1946-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-317564791%2Fview%3FpartId%3Dnla.obj-317661362%23page%2Fn50%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTakizawaAlsleben1999–2000" class="citation web cs1">Takizawa, Akira; Alsleben, Allan (1999–2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106231303/http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/japan_garrison.html">"Japanese garrisons on the by-passed Pacific Islands 1944–1945"</a>. Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/japan_garrison.html">the original</a> on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forgotten+Campaign%3A+The+Dutch+East+Indies+Campaign+1941%E2%80%931942&rft.atitle=Japanese+garrisons+on+the+by-passed+Pacific+Islands+1944%E2%80%931945&rft.date=1999%2F2000&rft.aulast=Takizawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rft.au=Alsleben%2C+Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarfare.gq%2Fdutcheastindies%2Fjapan_garrison.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>, 14 September 1945 </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article971354">"Nauru Occupied by Australians; Jap Garrison and Natives Starving"</a>. The Argus. 15 September 1945. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301084244/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/971354">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Argus&rft.atitle=Nauru+Occupied+by+Australians%3B+Jap+Garrison+and+Natives+Starving&rft.date=1945-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article971354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIM45-10-55"><a href="#cite_ref-PIM45-10_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-317552084/view?partId=nla.obj-317560904#page/n7/mode/1up">"Nauru Officials Murdered By Japs"</a>. XVI(3) Pacific Islands Monthly. 16 October 1945. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730032111/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-317552084/view?partId=nla.obj-317560904#page/n7/mode/1up">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=XVI%283%29+Pacific+Islands+Monthly&rft.atitle=Nauru+Officials+Murdered+By+Japs&rft.date=1945-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-317552084%2Fview%3FpartId%3Dnla.obj-317560904%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIM1950-6-56"><a href="#cite_ref-PIM1950-6_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-322270499/view?partId=nla.obj-322562760#page/n82/mode/1up">"Only 745 Returned"</a>. XX(10) Pacific Islands Monthly. 1 May 1950. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603055653/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-322270499/view?partId=nla.obj-322562760#page/n82/mode/1up">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=XX%2810%29+Pacific+Islands+Monthly&rft.atitle=Only+745+Returned&rft.date=1950-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-322270499%2Fview%3FpartId%3Dnla.obj-322562760%23page%2Fn82%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrett,_J1996" class="citation book cs1">Garrett, J (1996). Island Exiles. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. pp. 176–181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7333-0485-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7333-0485-0"><bdi>0-7333-0485-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Island+Exiles&rft.pages=176-181&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7333-0485-0&rft.au=Garrett%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-highet-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-highet_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-highet_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHighet,_KKahale,_H1993" class="citation journal cs1">Highet, K; Kahale, H (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511143145/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&code=naus&case=80&k=e2">"Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru"</a>. American Journal of International Law. 87 (2): 282–288. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2203821">10.2307/2203821</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2203821">2203821</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&code=naus&case=80&k=e2">the original</a> on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=Certain+Phosphate+Lands+in+Nauru&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=282-288&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2203821&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2203821%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Highet%2C+K&rft.au=Kahale%2C+H&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fdocket%2Findex.php%3Fp1%3D3%26p2%3D3%26code%3Dnaus%26case%3D80%26k%3De2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Cmd. 7290 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article63066635">"NAURU RIOT"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Townsville_Daily_Bulletin" class="mw-redirect" title="Townsville Daily Bulletin">Townsville Daily Bulletin</a>. Queensland, Australia. 2 July 1949. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224013923/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/63066635">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2020 – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Townsville+Daily+Bulletin&rft.atitle=NAURU+RIOT&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1949-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article63066635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-330063007">"Chinese Lose Nauru and Manus Cases"</a>. Pacific Islands Monthly. XIX (6 ( Jan. 1, 1949)). [Sydney: Pacific Publications. 1949. nla.obj-330063007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224025240/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-317387977/view?sectionId=nla.obj-330063007">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2020 – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Islands+Monthly&rft.atitle=Chinese+Lose+Nauru+and+Manus+Cases&rft.volume=XIX&rft.issue=6+%28+Jan.+1%2C+1949%29&rft.date=1949&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-330063007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49714695">"Nauru, New Guinea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Mail" title="The Courier-Mail">The Courier-Mail</a>. Queensland, Australia. 5 October 1949. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224025521/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/49714695">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2020 – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier-Mail&rft.atitle=Nauru%2C+New+Guinea&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1949-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article49714695&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article104291886">"Island Purchase For Nauruans"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canberra_Times" title="The Canberra Times">The Canberra Times</a>. Vol. 38, no. 10, 840. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 6 May 1964. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230317192825/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/104291886">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2019 – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=Island+Purchase+For+Nauruans&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=10%2C+840&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1964-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article104291886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131721012">"Nauruans Likely To Settle Curtis Island"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canberra_Times" title="The Canberra Times">The Canberra Times</a>. Vol. 37, no. 10, 549. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 30 May 1963. p. 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501194425/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/131721012">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2019 – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=Nauruans+Likely+To+Settle+Curtis+Island&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=10%2C+549&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1963-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article131721012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-AU-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-AU_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-AU_65-1">b</a> AU = 1850-1901: McLean, I.W. (1999), <a href="//doi.org/10.1111/1467-8446.00036" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1111/1467-8446.00036">Consumer Prices and Expenditure Patterns in Australia 1850–1914</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Economic_History_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Economic History Review">Australian Economic History Review</a>, 39: 1-28 (taken W6 series from Table A1, which represents the average inflation in all of Australian colonies). For later years, calculated using the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rba.gov.au/calculator/annualPreDecimal.html">pre-decimal inflation calculator</a> provided by the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank of Australia</a> for each year, input: £94 8s (94.40 Australian pounds in decimal values), start year: 1901. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAdam2016" class="citation web cs1">McAdam, Jane (15 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/how-the-entire-nation-of-nauru-almost-moved-to-queensland-63833">"How the entire nation of Nauru almost moved to Queensland"</a>. The Conversation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401022237/http://theconversation.com/how-the-entire-nation-of-nauru-almost-moved-to-queensland-63833">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=How+the+entire+nation+of+Nauru+almost+moved+to+Queensland&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft.aulast=McAdam&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fhow-the-entire-nation-of-nauru-almost-moved-to-queensland-63833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131721799">"Lack of Sovereignty 'Disappoints' Nauruans"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canberra_Times" title="The Canberra Times">The Canberra Times</a>. Vol. 37, no. 10, 554. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 5 June 1963. p. 45. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210813213431/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/131721799">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2019 – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=Lack+of+Sovereignty+%27Disappoints%27+Nauruans&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=10%2C+554&rft.pages=45&rft.date=1963-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article131721799&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article105839593">"Nauru not to take Curtis Is"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canberra_Times" title="The Canberra Times">The Canberra Times</a>. Vol. 38, no. 10, 930. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 21 August 1964. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210813213427/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/105839593">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2019 – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=Nauru+not+to+take+Curtis+Is.&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=10%2C+930&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1964-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article105839593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-davidson-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-davidson_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-davidson_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1968" class="citation journal cs1">Davidson, JW (January 1968). "The Republic of Nauru". The Journal of Pacific History. 3 (1): 145–150. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00223346808572131">10.1080/00223346808572131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Pacific+History&rft.atitle=The+Republic+of+Nauru&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=145-150&rft.date=1968-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00223346808572131&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=JW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSquires,_Nick2008" class="citation news cs1">Squires, Nick (15 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/7296832.stm">"Nauru seeks to regain lost fortunes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080320204349/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/7296832.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Online&rft.atitle=Nauru+seeks+to+regain+lost+fortunes&rft.date=2008-03-15&rft.au=Squires%2C+Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fprogrammes%2Ffrom_our_own_correspondent%2F7296832.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KN-20180916-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KN-20180916_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KN-20180916_71-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatanabe2018" class="citation news cs1">Watanabe, Anna (16 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2018/09/0fdc626a0cdb-feature-nauru-from-economic-goldmine-to-refugee-hell.html">"From economic haven to refugee 'hell'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyodo_News" title="Kyodo News">Kyodo News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917105105/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2018/09/0fdc626a0cdb-feature-nauru-from-economic-goldmine-to-refugee-hell.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyodo+News&rft.atitle=From+economic+haven+to+refugee+%27hell%27&rft.date=2018-09-16&rft.aulast=Watanabe&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.kyodonews.net%2Fnews%2F2018%2F09%2F0fdc626a0cdb-feature-nauru-from-economic-goldmine-to-refugee-hell.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Case Concerning Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru (Nauru v. Australia) Application: Memorial of Nauru. ICJ Pleadings, Oral Arguments, Documents. United Nations, International Court of Justice. January 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-1-070936-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-1-070936-1"><bdi>978-92-1-070936-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Case+Concerning+Certain+Phosphate+Lands+in+Nauru+%28Nauru+v.+Australia%29+Application%3A+Memorial+of+Nauru&rft.series=ICJ+Pleadings%2C+Oral+Arguments%2C+Documents&rft.pub=United+Nations%2C+International+Court+of+Justice&rft.date=2004-01&rft.isbn=978-92-1-070936-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/nauru-declares-state-of-emergency-to-manage-coronavirus-pandemic/r5gn7ol9q">"Nauru declares 'state of emergency' to manage coronavirus pandemic"</a>. SBS News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230120213853/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/nauru-declares-state-of-emergency-to-manage-coronavirus-pandemic/r5gn7ol9q">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SBS+News&rft.atitle=Nauru+declares+%27state+of+emergency%27+to+manage+coronavirus+pandemic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fnauru-declares-state-of-emergency-to-manage-coronavirus-pandemic%2Fr5gn7ol9q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMap_Developers" class="citation web cs1">Map Developers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mapdevelopers.com/distance_finder.php?&points=%5B%5B0%2C166.93721696734428%5D%2C%5B-0.5025939262347026%2C166.93721696734428%5D%5D">"Google Maps Distance Calculator"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170822213409/https://www.mapdevelopers.com/distance_finder.php?&points=%5B%5B0%2C166.93721696734428%5D%2C%5B-0.5025939262347026%2C166.93721696734428%5D%5D">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google+Maps+Distance+Calculator&rft.au=Map+Developers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapdevelopers.com%2Fdistance_finder.php%3F%26points%3D%255B%255B0%252C166.93721696734428%255D%252C%255B-0.5025939262347026%252C166.93721696734428%255D%255D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThaman,_RRHassall,_DC" class="citation web cs1">Thaman, RR; Hassall, DC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sprep.org/att/IRC/eCOPIES/Countries/Nauru/11.pdf">"Nauru: National Environmental Management Strategy and National Environmental Action Plan"</a> (PDF). South Pacific Regional Environment Programme. p. 234. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511023524/http://www.sprep.org/att/IRC/eCOPIES/Countries/Nauru/11.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nauru%3A+National+Environmental+Management+Strategy+and+National+Environmental+Action+Plan&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=South+Pacific+Regional+Environment+Programme&rft.au=Thaman%2C+RR&rft.au=Hassall%2C+DC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sprep.org%2Fatt%2FIRC%2FeCOPIES%2FCountries%2FNauru%2F11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobson,_GerryHill,_Peter_JGhassemi,_Fereidoun1997" class="citation book cs1">Jacobson, Gerry; Hill, Peter J; Ghassemi, Fereidoun (1997). "24: Geology and Hydrogeology of Nauru Island". In Vacher, H Leonard; Quinn, Terrence M (eds.). Geology and hydrogeology of carbonate islands. Elsevier. p. 716. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-444-81520-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-444-81520-0"><bdi>978-0-444-81520-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=24%3A+Geology+and+Hydrogeology+of+Nauru+Island&rft.btitle=Geology+and+hydrogeology+of+carbonate+islands&rft.pages=716&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-444-81520-0&rft.au=Jacobson%2C+Gerry&rft.au=Hill%2C+Peter+J&rft.au=Ghassemi%2C+Fereidoun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNCCC-77"><a href="#cite_ref-UNCCC_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/naunc1.pdf">"Climate Change – Response"</a> (PDF). First National Communication. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090806210630/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/naunc1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 6 August 2009. Retrieved 9 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=First+National+Communication&rft.atitle=Climate+Change+%E2%80%93+Response&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Fresource%2Fdocs%2Fnatc%2Fnaunc1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_78-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickinsonSmith2022" class="citation news cs1">Dickinson, Greg; Smith, Oliver (7 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/oceania/12-facts-nauru-tiny-island-without-single-covid-case/">"12 facts about Nauru, the tiny island without a single Covid case"</a>. The Telegraph. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. Retrieved 3 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=12+facts+about+Nauru%2C+the+tiny+island+without+a+single+Covid+case&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Dickinson&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft.au=Smith%2C+Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Foceania%2F12-facts-nauru-tiny-island-without-single-covid-case%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Affaire de certaines terres à phosphates à Nauru. International Court of Justice. 2003. pp. 107–109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-1-070936-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-1-070936-1"><bdi>978-92-1-070936-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Affaire+de+certaines+terres+%C3%A0+phosphates+%C3%A0+Nauru&rft.pages=107-109&rft.pub=International+Court+of+Justice&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-92-1-070936-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227175200/http://www.cawcr.gov.au/projects/PCCSP/pdf/6._Nauru_GH_poster.pdf">"Pacific Climate Change Science Program"</a> (PDF). 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Encyclopedia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150908204235/https://www.britannica.com/place/Yaren">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Yaren+%7C+district%2C+Nauru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FYaren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130727070348/http://www.un.int/nauru/countryprofile.html">"NAURU Information on Government, People, History, Economy, Environment, Development"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.int/nauru/countryprofile.html">the original</a> on 27 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NAURU+Information+on+Government%2C+People%2C+History%2C+Economy%2C+Environment%2C+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.int%2Fnauru%2Fcountryprofile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirdLife_International" class="citation web cs1">BirdLife International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sprep.org/att/IRC/eCOPIES/Birdlife-Pacific/Important%20Bird%20Area%20Coverage%20by%20Country.htm">"Important Bird Areas in Nauru"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tiny+Nauru+struts+world+stage+by+recognising+breakaway+republics&rft.date=2009-12-14&rft.au=Harding%2C+Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fdec%2F14%2Fnauro-recognises-abkhazia-south-ossetia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-USGDP-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-USGDP_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-USGDP_102-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-USGDP_102-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-USGDP_102-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-USGDP_102-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstonWilliamson2023" class="citation web cs1">Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. 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Ambio. 48 (4): 397–408. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13280-018-1075-2">10.1007/s13280-018-1075-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0044-7447">0044-7447</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6411803">6411803</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30076524">30076524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Mining%2C+land+restoration+and+sustainable+development+in+isolated+islands%3A+An+industrial+ecology+perspective+on+extractive+transitions+on+Nauru&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=397-408&rft.date=2019-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6411803%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0044-7447&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30076524&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13280-018-1075-2&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.aufirst=Martin+J.&rft.au=Ali%2C+Saleem+H.&rft.au=Matsubae%2C+Kazuyo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6411803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-170"><a href="#cite_ref-:9_170-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.unicef.org/country/nru/">"Nauru (NRU) - Demographics, Health & Infant Mortality"</a>. UNICEF DATA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208161537/https://data.unicef.org/country/nru/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNICEF+DATA&rft.atitle=Nauru+%28NRU%29+-+Demographics%2C+Health+%26+Infant+Mortality&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.unicef.org%2Fcountry%2Fnru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhou" class="citation web cs1">Zhou, Charlotte. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesciencesurvey.com/spotlight/2022/07/25/nauru-the-phantom-of-the-pacific/">"Nauru: The Phantom Island of the Pacific"</a>. The Science Survey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001073915/https://thesciencesurvey.com/spotlight/2022/07/25/nauru-the-phantom-of-the-pacific/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Science+Survey&rft.atitle=Nauru%3A+The+Phantom+Island+of+the+Pacific&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthesciencesurvey.com%2Fspotlight%2F2022%2F07%2F25%2Fnauru-the-phantom-of-the-pacific%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_172-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_172-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_172-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardno_Emerging_Markets2017" class="citation journal cs1">Cardno Emerging Markets (April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/48480/48480-001-sprss-en_0.pdf">"Nauru: Port Development Project: Poverty, Social and Gender Assessment"</a> (PDF). Asian Development Fund (Project Number: 48480). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121142144/https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/48480/48480-001-sprss-en_0.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Development+Fund&rft.atitle=Nauru%3A+Port+Development+Project%3A+Poverty%2C+Social+and+Gender+Assessment&rft.issue=Project+Number%3A+48480&rft.date=2017-04&rft.au=Cardno+Emerging+Markets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adb.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fproject-documents%2F48480%2F48480-001-sprss-en_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_173-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnvironment2017" class="citation web cs1">Environment, U. N. (16 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unep.org/resources/report/nauru-national-report-third-international-conference">"Nauru – National Report for Third International Conference"</a>. UNEP – UN Environment Programme. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221215233213/https://www.unep.org/resources/report/nauru-national-report-third-international-conference">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNEP+%E2%80%93+UN+Environment+Programme&rft.atitle=Nauru+%E2%80%93+National+Report+for+Third+International+Conference&rft.date=2017-09-16&rft.aulast=Environment&rft.aufirst=U.+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unep.org%2Fresources%2Freport%2Fnauru-national-report-third-international-conference&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041021183752/http://www.un.int/nauru/angumday.html">"Nauru Celebrates Angam Day"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.int/nauru/angumday.html">the original</a> on 21 October 2004. Retrieved 19 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nauru+Celebrates+Angam+Day&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.int%2Fnauru%2Fangumday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNazzal,_Mary2005" class="citation web cs1">Nazzal, Mary (April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lawanddevelopment.org/docs/nauru.pdf">"Nauru: an environment destroyed and international law"</a> (PDF). lawanddevelopment.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121019152613/http://www.lawanddevelopment.org/docs/nauru.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nauru%3A+an+environment+destroyed+and+international+law&rft.pub=lawanddevelopment.org&rft.date=2005-04&rft.au=Nazzal%2C+Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawanddevelopment.org%2Fdocs%2Fnauru.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130104134932/http://www.republicofnauru.com/2012/06/culture-of-nauru.html">"Culture of Nauru"</a>. Republic of Nauru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.republicofnauru.com/2012/06/culture-of-nauru.html">the original</a> on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+of+Nauru&rft.pub=Republic+of+Nauru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.republicofnauru.com%2F2012%2F06%2Fculture-of-nauru.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViviani1970" class="citation book cs1">Viviani, Nancy (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114914/2/b11197110.pdf">Nauru: Phosphate and Political Progress</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>: <a href="/wiki/ANU_Press" title="ANU Press">ANU Press</a>. p. 158. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200129233650/https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114914/2/b11197110.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nauru%3A+Phosphate+and+Political+Progress&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=ANU+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Viviani&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenresearch-repository.anu.edu.au%2Fbitstream%2F1885%2F114914%2F2%2Fb11197110.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mamalisa.com/?t=es&p=4338">"Songs & Rhymes From Nauru"</a>. Mama Lisa's World. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230508212948/https://www.mamalisa.com/?t=es&p=4338">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mama+Lisa%27s+World&rft.atitle=Songs+%26+Rhymes+From+Nauru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mamalisa.com%2F%3Ft%3Des%26p%3D4338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabricius1992" class="citation book cs1">Fabricius, Wilhelm (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/132630/1/JPH_Nauru.pdf">Nauru: 1888–1900: An account in German and English based on official records of the Colonial Section of the German Foreign Office held by the Deutsches Zentralarchiv in Potsdam</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>: <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. p. 271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0731513673" title="Special:BookSources/978-0731513673"><bdi>978-0731513673</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327135944/https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/132630/1/JPH_Nauru.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2024. <q>The Nauruan dances which I have seen are not notable for their wealth of distinct figures. They are accompanied by singing and consist in tripping to and fro, swaying the body, slapping the thighs and chest and making turns.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nauru%3A+1888%E2%80%931900%3A+An+account+in+German+and+English+based+on+official+records+of+the+Colonial+Section+of+the+German+Foreign+Office+held+by+the+Deutsches+Zentralarchiv+in+Potsdam.&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=Australian+National+University&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0731513673&rft.aulast=Fabricius&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenresearch-repository.anu.edu.au%2Fbitstream%2F1885%2F132630%2F1%2FJPH_Nauru.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lOqmBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA159">Hunting the Collectors: Pacific Collections in Australian Museums, Art Galleries and Archives</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Scholars_Publishing" title="Cambridge Scholars Publishing">Cambridge Scholars Publishing</a>. 2014. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1443871006" title="Special:BookSources/978-1443871006"><bdi>978-1443871006</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418040949/https://books.google.com/books?id=lOqmBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA159">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hunting+the+Collectors%3A+Pacific+Collections+in+Australian+Museums%2C+Art+Galleries+and+Archives&rft.place=Newcastle+upon+Tyne&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1443871006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlOqmBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOates1999" class="citation book cs1">Oates, John F. (19 October 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x2GZH7mssNcC&pg=PR11">Myth and Reality in the Rain Forest: How Conservation Strategies are Failing in West Africa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. XI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520222526" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520222526"><bdi>978-0520222526</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418041010/https://books.google.com/books?id=x2GZH7mssNcC&pg=PR11">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myth+and+Reality+in+the+Rain+Forest%3A+How+Conservation+Strategies+are+Failing+in+West+Africa&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=XI&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1999-10-19&rft.isbn=978-0520222526&rft.aulast=Oates&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx2GZH7mssNcC%26pg%3DPR11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HB03DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT450">The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: Australia and the Pacific Islands Vol.9</a>. <a href="/wiki/Milton_Park" title="Milton Park">Milton Park</a>: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. 2017. p. 450. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1351544320" title="Special:BookSources/978-1351544320"><bdi>978-1351544320</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418041011/https://books.google.com/books?id=HB03DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT450">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024. <q>At the Pacific Festival of Arts in 1985 and 1988, sixth-graders at the Nauru Primary School presented the frigate bird (iti), a Nauruan dance. The students practiced daily for two months. The boys clapped and sang while the girls danced, por-traying te birds' flight and perching.... In 1994, at the Children's Convention in Fukuoka, Japan, ten eleven-year-old boys and girls from Nauru performed the dogoropa, a dance with sticks, which men and women from Nauru had performed at the Festival of Arts in 1980.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Garland+Encyclopedia+of+World+Music%3A+Australia+and+the+Pacific+Islands+Vol.9&rft.place=Milton+Park&rft.pages=450&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1351544320&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHB03DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2012expo.wordpress.com/2012/08/07/d-5-lets-meet-the-world-nauru/">"Let's Meet the World: Nauru"</a>. Expo 2012 Yeosu Korea. 7 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327141618/https://2012expo.wordpress.com/2012/08/07/d-5-lets-meet-the-world-nauru/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Let%27s+Meet+the+World%3A+Nauru&rft.pub=Expo+2012+Yeosu+Korea&rft.date=2012-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2012expo.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F08%2F07%2Fd-5-lets-meet-the-world-nauru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/national-anthem">"National anthem – The World Factbook"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210319002941/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/national-anthem">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+anthem+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffield%2Fnational-anthem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1134221.stm">"Country Profile: Nauru"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060615205745/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1134221.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2006. Retrieved 2 May 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Online&rft.atitle=Country+Profile%3A+Nauru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fcountry_profiles%2F1134221.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081231192459/http://www.afl.com.au/development/international/internationalleagues/nauru/tabid/10343/default.aspx">"Nauru Australian Football Association"</a>. Australian Football League. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afl.com.au/development/international/internationalleagues/nauru/tabid/10343/default.aspx">the original</a> on 31 December 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nauru+Australian+Football+Association&rft.pub=Australian+Football+League&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afl.com.au%2Fdevelopment%2Finternational%2Finternationalleagues%2Fnauru%2Ftabid%2F10343%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?c=2-3847-0-0-0&sID=172619">"Nauru Olympic Committee History"</a>. Nauru Olympic Committee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120726171226/http://www.sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?c=2-3847-0-0-0&sID=172619">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nauru+Olympic+Committee+History&rft.pub=Nauru+Olympic+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportingpulse.com%2Fassoc_page.cgi%3Fc%3D2-3847-0-0-0%26sID%3D172619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dave_Kitson:_Former_Reading_forward_set_to_manage_Nauru_in_first_international_match-189"><a href="#cite_ref-Dave_Kitson:_Former_Reading_forward_set_to_manage_Nauru_in_first_international_match_189-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/68658309/">"Dave Kitson: Former Reading forward set to manage Nauru in first international match"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240329131428/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/68658309">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dave+Kitson%3A+Former+Reading+forward+set+to+manage+Nauru+in+first+international+match&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport%2Ffootball%2F68658309%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dave_Kitson_to_coach_Nauru_football_team_-_a_team_that_doesn’t_exist_yet-190"><a href="#cite_ref-Dave_Kitson_to_coach_Nauru_football_team_-_a_team_that_doesn’t_exist_yet_190-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/dave-kitson-to-coach-nauru-football-team-a-team-that-doesnt-exist-yet/NQ2ERJBZ6ZHZHO432MTBTCJYW4/">"Dave Kitson to coach Nauru football team – a team that doesn't exist yet"</a>. NZ Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240416190332/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/dave-kitson-to-coach-nauru-football-team-a-team-that-doesnt-exist-yet/NQ2ERJBZ6ZHZHO432MTBTCJYW4/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dave+Kitson+to+coach+Nauru+football+team+%E2%80%93+a+team+that+doesn%E2%80%99t+exist+yet&rft.pub=NZ+Herald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fsport%2Fdave-kitson-to-coach-nauru-football-team-a-team-that-doesnt-exist-yet%2FNQ2ERJBZ6ZHZHO432MTBTCJYW4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/278288/sport-nauru-7s-team-to-make-international-debut">"Sport: Nauru 7s team to make international debut"</a>. Radio New Zealand. 8 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180430215036/http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/278288/sport-nauru-7s-team-to-make-international-debut">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Sport%3A+Nauru+7s+team+to+make+international+debut&rft.date=2015-07-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F278288%2Fsport-nauru-7s-team-to-make-international-debut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/16447.htm">U.S. Relations With Nauru</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Relations+With+Nauru&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F16447.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/copyright-and-contributors/">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Morris, J. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501765841/asylum-and-extraction-in-the-republic-of-nauru/">Asylum and Extraction in the Republic of Nauru</a>. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.</li> <li>Storr, C. (2020). <a href="//doi.org/10.1017/9781108682602" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1017/9781108682602">International Status in the Shadow of Empire: Nauru and the Histories of International Law.</a> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGowdyMcDaniel2000" class="citation book cs1">Gowdy, John M.; McDaniel, Carl N. (2000). Paradise for Sale: A Parable of Nature. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22229-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22229-8"><bdi>978-0-520-22229-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paradise+for+Sale%3A+A+Parable+of+Nature&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-520-22229-8&rft.aulast=Gowdy&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft.au=McDaniel%2C+Carl+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsMacdonald1985" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Maslyn; Macdonald, Barrie (1985). The Phosphateers. Melbourne University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-522-84302-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-522-84302-6"><bdi>0-522-84302-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phosphateers&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-522-84302-6&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Maslyn&rft.au=Macdonald%2C+Barrie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorr2020" class="citation book cs1">Storr, Cait (2020). International Status in the Shadow of Empire: Nauru and the Histories of International Law. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781108682602">10.1017/9781108682602</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108682602" title="Special:BookSources/9781108682602"><bdi>9781108682602</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Status+in+the+Shadow+of+Empire%3A+Nauru+and+the+Histories+of+International+Law&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781108682602&rft.isbn=9781108682602&rft.aulast=Storr&rft.aufirst=Cait&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauru" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nauru.gov.nr/">Government of Nauru</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150311085049/http://www.naurugov.nr/">Government of Nauru (archived site)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nauru/">Nauru</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Nauru" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Nauru">Wikimedia Atlas of Nauru</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607085310/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/nauru.htm">Nauru</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15433616">Nauru profile</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nauru_topics" title="Template:Nauru topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nauru_topics" title="Template talk:Nauru topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nauru_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nauru topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nauru_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nauru</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Nauru-related_articles" title="Index of Nauru-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauru" title="History of Nauru">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_Chief_of_Nauru" title="Head Chief of Nauru">Head Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Civil_War" title="Nauruan Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Nauru" title="List of colonial governors of Nauru">Colonial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_attacks_on_Nauru" title="German attacks on Nauru">German attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru" title="Japanese occupation of Nauru">Japanese occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru"><img alt="Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/100px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/150px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/200px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nauru" title="Geography of Nauru">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canals_in_Nauru" title="Canals in Nauru">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_Nauru" title="Constituencies of Nauru">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_navigational_system" title="Nauruan navigational system">Navigational system</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Nauru">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiwo_District" title="Aiwo District">Aiwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabar_District" title="Anabar District">Anabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anetan_District" title="Anetan District">Anetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anibare_District" title="Anibare District">Anibare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baitsi_District" title="Baitsi District">Baitsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boe_District" title="Boe District">Boe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buada_District" title="Buada District">Buada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denigomodu_District" title="Denigomodu District">Denigomodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewa_District,_Nauru" title="Ewa District, Nauru">Ewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijuw_District" title="Ijuw District">Ijuw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meneng_District" title="Meneng District">Meneng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibok_District" title="Nibok District">Nibok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uaboe_District" title="Uaboe District">Uaboe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaren_District" title="Yaren District">Yaren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Nauru" title="List of settlements in Nauru">Settlements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiwo_Constituency" title="Aiwo Constituency">Aiwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabar_Constituency" title="Anabar Constituency">Anabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anetan_Constituency" title="Anetan Constituency">Anetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boe_Constituency" title="Boe Constituency">Boe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buada_Constituency" title="Buada Constituency">Buada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meneng_Constituency" title="Meneng Constituency">Meneng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubenide_Constituency" title="Ubenide Constituency">Ubenide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaren_Constituency" title="Yaren Constituency">Yaren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nauru" title="Politics of Nauru">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nauru" title="Constitution of Nauru">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nauru" title="Elections in Nauru">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nauru" title="Foreign relations of Nauru">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Nauru" title="Human rights in Nauru">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Nauru">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru_Independence_Act_1967" title="Nauru Independence Act 1967">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Solution" title="Pacific Solution">Pacific Solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nauru" title="Parliament of Nauru">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nauru" title="List of political parties in Nauru">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nauru" title="President of Nauru">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nauru" title="Economy of Nauru">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_Nauru" title="Category:Companies of Nauru">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphate_mining_in_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphate mining in Nauru">Phosphate mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_mining_in_Nauru" title="Effects of mining in Nauru">Effects of mining in Nauru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nauru" title="Telecommunications in Nauru">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Nauru" title="Transport in Nauru">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Nauru" title="Category:Society of Nauru">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angam_Day" title="Angam Day">Angam Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nauru" title="Culture of Nauru">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nauru" title="Demographics of Nauru">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_indigenous_religion" title="Nauruan indigenous religion">Indigenous religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruan Creole">Nauruan Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_cuisine" title="Nauruan cuisine">Nauruan cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_language" title="Nauruan language">Nauruan language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nauru" title="Music of Nauru">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_Nauru" title="Obesity in Nauru">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Nauru" title="Public holidays in Nauru">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Nauru" title="Category:Sport in Nauru">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nauru" title="Tourism in Nauru">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Landmarks" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meneng_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Meneng Stadium">Meneng Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru_Regional_Processing_Centre" title="Nauru Regional Processing Centre">Nauru Regional Processing Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru_Secondary_School" title="Nauru Secondary School">Nauru Secondary School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nauru" title="Outline of Nauru">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Nauru-related_articles" title="Index of Nauru-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nauru" title="Category:Nauru">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_area" title="List of Oceanian countries by area">List of Oceanian countries by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population" title="List of Oceanian countries by population">List of Oceanian countries by population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/225px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/300px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Territory#Overseas_territory" title="Territory">territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas collectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_country_of_France" title="Overseas country of France">Overseas country of France</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_the_Cook_Islands_and_Niue" title="Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue">Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">States and territories of Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indian_Ocean_Territories" title="Australian Indian Ocean Territories">Australian Indian Ocean Territories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">United States Minor Outlying Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Template:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Template talk:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_Group_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States">ACP</a> Secretariat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretariat" title="Commonwealth Secretariat">Commonwealth Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">United Nations Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_and_Central_Pacific_Fisheries_Commission" title="Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission">Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialogue partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development partner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/45th_Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="45th Pacific Islands Forum">45th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="51st Pacific Islands Forum">51st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/129027205">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1220266/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxWQRhg99wYVTYTX64Dv3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4122008-0">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82076382">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11968895r">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb171086613">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11968895r">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb171086613">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568057">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35880311">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge337505&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX458152">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/568067">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=178484">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/dbqsrn5x3mptzhp">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534107405171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/7784f515-5886-3831-9b33-a7f665795d7f">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/e37eed2e-c615-4106-9e63-5de461bfa35e">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1128769">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/4fFe1Eab">UK Parliament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027703223">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045245">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Nauru at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Nauru" class="extiw" title="wikt:Nauru">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nauru" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Nauru">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Nauru" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Nauru">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nauru" class="extiw" title="q:Nauru">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Nauru" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Nauru">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Nauru" class="extiw" title="voy:Nauru">Travel guides</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697" class="extiw" title="d:Q697">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nauru&params=0_31_41_S_166_56_13_E_type:country">0°31′41″S 166°56′13″E / 0.52806°S 166.93694°E / -0.52806; 166.93694</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nauru&oldid=1258878678">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nauru&oldid=1258878678</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nauru" title="Category:Nauru">Nauru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1968_establishments_in_Nauru" title="Category:1968 establishments in Nauru">1968 establishments in Nauru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republics_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Category:Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations">Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Countries_in_Micronesia" title="Category:Countries in Micronesia">Countries in Micronesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Countries_in_Oceania" title="Category:Countries in Oceania">Countries in Oceania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Countries_and_territories_where_English_is_an_official_language" title="Category:Countries and territories where English is an official language">Countries and territories where English is an official language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_British_colonies_and_protectorates_in_Oceania" title="Category:Former British colonies and protectorates in Oceania">Former British colonies and protectorates in Oceania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_German_colonies" title="Category:Former German colonies">Former German 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