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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史与发展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史与发展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史与发展</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史与发展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-基本理论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基本理论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>基本理论</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基本理论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>影响</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">新葛兰西主义</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。6种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9" title="النظرية الغرامشانية الحديثة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="النظرية الغرامشانية الحديثة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogramscianismus" title="Neogramscianismus – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neogramscianismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Gramscianism" title="Neo-Gramscianism – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Neo-Gramscianism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Gramscianisme" title="Neo-Gramscianisme – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Neo-Gramscianisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogramscismo" title="Neogramscismo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Neogramscismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Неограмшизм – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Неограмшизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q529021#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="关于此页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> 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href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF" title="安东尼奥·葛兰西">安东尼奥·葛兰西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" title="约瑟夫·斯大林">约瑟夫·斯大林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E" title="瓦尔特·本雅明">瓦尔特·本雅明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%BD%98%E6%B6%85%E5%BA%93%E5%85%8B" title="安东尼·潘涅库克">安东尼·潘涅库克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9" title="贝托尔特·布莱希特">贝托尔特·布莱希特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%B5%96%E5%B8%8C" title="威廉·赖希">威廉·赖希</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E5%8D%A1%E5%A5%87" class="mw-redirect" title="格奥尔格·卢卡奇">格奥尔格·卢卡奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E" title="胡志明">胡志明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%8B%E6%B5%B7%E9%BB%98" class="mw-redirect" title="麦克斯·霍克海默">麦克斯·霍克海默</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C" title="毛泽东">毛泽东</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%93%E5%B0%8F%E5%B9%B3" title="邓小平">邓小平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E9%93%81%E6%89%98" title="约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托">约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%9A%E8%AB%BE" title="狄奧多·阿多諾">狄奧多·阿多諾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%93%E5%A1%9E" title="赫伯特·马尔库塞">赫伯特·马尔库塞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%96%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="赖特·米尔斯">赖特·米尔斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86" title="埃里希·弗罗姆">埃里希·弗罗姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%9E%E5%BE%B7" title="萨尔瓦多·阿连德">萨尔瓦多·阿连德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9" title="让-保罗·萨特">让-保罗·萨特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="恩维尔·霍查">恩维尔·霍查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E4%BC%8F%E5%A8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="西蒙·德·波伏娃">西蒙·德·波伏娃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E7%89%B9" title="泰德·格兰特">泰德·格兰特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89" title="切·格瓦拉">切·格瓦拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E5%A1%9E" title="路易·阿尔都塞">路易·阿尔都塞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%B3%A2" title="居伊·德波">居伊·德波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%BB%B4" title="大卫·哈维">大卫·哈维</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E9%B2%8D%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="埃里克·霍布斯鲍姆">埃里克·霍布斯鲍姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B4%A5%E6%81%A9" title="霍华德·津恩">霍华德·津恩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89" title="托马斯·桑卡拉">托马斯·桑卡拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97" title="菲德尔·卡斯特罗">菲德尔·卡斯特罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E9%B2%8D%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="齐格蒙·鲍曼">齐格蒙·鲍曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E4%BC%8D%E5%85%B9" title="艾伦·伍兹">艾伦·伍兹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%83%E7%86%B1%C2%B7%E9%BD%8A%E6%BE%A4%E5%85%8B" title="斯拉沃熱·齊澤克">斯拉沃熱·齊澤克</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="line-height:1.6em;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg/16px-Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg/24px-Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg/32px-Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:共产主义">共产主义主题</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Socrates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/10px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/15px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/21px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:哲学">哲学主题</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:马克思主义"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>新葛兰西主义</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Neo-Gramscianism</span>）是一种<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思主义">马克思主义</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="國際關係理論">国际关系理论</a>，发源于<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="共产主义">共产主义</a>思想家<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF" title="安东尼奥·葛兰西">安东尼奥·葛兰西</a>的著作，其运用批判性的理论方法来研究<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="国际关系">国际关系</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="国际政治经济学">全球政治经济</a>，探讨<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" title="思想">思想</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="制度">制度</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物质能力（页面不存在）">物质能力</a>在塑造国家形成时发挥的作用。新葛兰西主义分析了特定的社会力量、国家和其主导的概念结构如何定义和维持世界秩序的问题。它还利用现实主义、自由主义的国际关系理论对传统的国际关系理论进行了分析和批判，并且对<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B8%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="霸权">霸权</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%A7%A9%E5%BA%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际秩序（页面不存在）">国际秩序</a>等方面做了大胆的理论创新，从而形成了一套全新的理论。除此之外他们还对历史变革、权力、资本概念进行分析，并且在西方国际关系理论领域巾开辟了独树一帜的批判理论。 </p><p>新葛兰西主义的出现，被认为是对僵持了几十年的国际关系理论界“两极格局”的突破，其打破了<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="现实主义">现实主义</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="自由主义">自由主义</a>的论战，将这两股思潮的理论基础进行历史化，把它们作为一个特定的世界秩序的一部分，并找到了两种理论机构和结构之间的连锁关系<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史与发展"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2.E4.B8.8E.E5.8F.91.E5.B1.95"></span>历史与发展</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史与发展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>国际关系理论中的新葛兰西主义发源于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="约克大学">约克大学</a>名誉教授罗伯特·W·考克斯1981年在《千禧年》（Millennium）杂志中发表的文章《超越国际关系理论：社会力量、国家和世界秩序》（Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory），考克斯认为，葛兰西的概念性框架为国际关系理论提供了新的理论方法, 揭示了国际层面上的霸权机制。但考克斯否定了自己是“葛兰西主义者”的标签，并认为自己仅仅只是葛兰西理论的发展者。葛兰西的霸权观与现实主义者的霸权观大相径庭，葛兰西的“历史集团”的国家理论，即物质能力、意识形态和制度的主导结构，作为个人和集体行动的决定框架，以及作为形成历史集团的“有机知识分子”的知识分子理论也被认为是建设性意义的。 </p><p>考克斯的同事，约克大学杰出的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="政治学">政治学</a>研究教授斯蒂芬·吉尔（Stephen Gill）也沿着一些不同的思路发展了新葛兰西主义的方法。吉尔在其著作《新世界秩序中的权力与抵抗》（Power and Resistance in the New World Order）中，展示了西方的精英主义在国际政治中扮演的角色，以及他们是如何塑造了自由主义（如今已经转变为霸权主义）、创建了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86" title="华盛顿共识">华盛顿共识</a>的。以及后来西方经营权力集团与全球化的关系。吉尔还与加拿大学者A.克莱尔·卡特勒（A.Claire Cutler）合作发行了一本新葛兰西主义启发的书，题为《新宪政与世界秩序》（New Constitutionalism and World Order）。这本书汇集了一批批判理论家和新葛兰西主义者来分析法律和宪法创新在全球政治经济中的作用。 </p><p>在北美以外，在基斯·范德尔·皮耶尔和亨克·奥贝克（阿姆斯特丹大学）创立的“阿姆斯特丹学派”，以及德国的个别研究人员，特别是杜塞尔多夫，卡塞尔和马尔堡以及英国苏塞克斯大学全球政治经济中心和世界其他地区都采用了新葛兰西批判方法。卡塞尔大学的克里斯托夫·舍勒是德国著名的新葛兰西理论家之一，他提出了“双重霸权”的概念，代表了德国的全球政治经济方法，被多数学者所认同<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="基本理论"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E6.9C.AC.E7.90.86.E8.AE.BA"></span>基本理论</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：基本理论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在国际或全球政治经济学的主流研究方法中，国家的本体论中心地位是毋庸置疑的。相比之下，新葛兰西主义采用了阿姆斯特丹大学国际关系教授亨克·奥弗贝克（Henk Overbeek）所称的跨国历史唯物主义的方法，“将国家形成和州际政治视为资本积累和阶级形成的动力。”他们从本体论和认识论的允度抛弃了实证主义者的假定即其“方法论特别重视严禁的事实根据反对所谓的‘未置可否’或‘亦此亦彼’的认识和判断”。 </p><p>新葛兰西主义认为，国家主权受制于以跨国金融体系和相应的跨国生产体系的出现为标志的全球经济体系。这些体系中的主要参与者，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="跨国公司">跨国公司</a>和国际<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="金融机构">金融机构</a>，如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="世界银行">世界银行</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际货币基金组织">国际货币基金组织</a>，已经演变成一个行使全球霸权的“跨国历史集团”（这与霸权是“一个国家或一组国家的主导力量”的现实主义观点相反）这个历史性的集团通过知识和文化说服的强制手段（基本上没有暴力）获得被统治人民的默许，从而获得其权威。它将自己与参与政治斗争的其他社会群体联系起来<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，以扩大其影响力，并寻求通过国家经济的标准化和自由化来巩固其权力，从而建立一个单一的监管制度（如世界贸易组织）。 </p><p>新葛兰西主义持有存在强大的力量反对这个历史集团的进步的观点，认为他们可能会形成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E9%9C%B8%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反霸权主义（页面不存在）">反霸权主义</a>，作为不限成员名额的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" title="阶级斗争">阶级斗争</a>的一部分来挑战这个集团。这些可能包括依赖<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E7%A8%8E" title="关税">关税</a>和国家补贴保护的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E9%87%8D%E5%95%86%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新重商主义者（页面不存在）">新重商主义者</a>，或<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A0%E5%8F%91%E8%BE%BE%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="欠发达国家">欠发达国家</a>的联盟，或工业化西方的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="女权主义">女权主义</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E4%BF%9D%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="環保主義">环保主义</a>运动<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影响"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>影响</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>葛兰西主义者的研究使得大家对传统国际关系理论有所反思，为国际关系的发展做出了很多贡献。符先，新葛兰西主义者认为政治经济不能被当成是一系列历史现象的简单对比，因为社会是受结构关系所支配的统一整体，这是一种辩证的互动的关系，因此不能把它们分开。再次，精神生产与历史变革之间也存在这辩证关系。思想变革是在社会整体变革之中的，随着社会整体的发展而发展，并影响着其他社会进程，反之，思想变革也会影响着社会变革。 </p><p>其次，新葛兰西主义的结构是历史的、具体的。它也随着社会的发展而改变，它强调社会的历史变革是一个不重复的、无穷无尽的过程它不能被然的、一成不变的、永桓的框架所决定，这个学派不仅关心过去也关心历史变迁的持续进程，可以说它是一个历史理论<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。虽然这种历史结构不能表现整个世界但是它能表现总体性历史定位中的特定人类活动领域；再次，新葛兰西主义坚持分析公正、合法性、道德可信性等道义维度，并把它们结合进关键术语之中，例如国家与政治的两元复合概念：国家在实行阶级压迫的同时也探索建立合理社会，使国家成为公共权力。这与新现实主义有很大的不同，新葛兰西主义者是在自下而上地考察国际政治，而不是像那些发达国家学者以优越的姿态去强调体系秩序与危机管理的不同。 </p><p>新葛兰西学派从自身理论的角度分析了国家与社会复合体之间在配置上的不同，以及国家体系之间在国际上相互转换的矛盾，他们倾向于把有关世界秩序的问题看成是一个整体，而不是像其他学者那样分割现实社会或者具化世界体系。新葛兰西学派的观点是理论的创建不应该堆砲在固有的一种理论之上，而是应该建立在不断前行的理论延伸以及具体的实践操作之上。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF" title="安东尼奥·葛兰西">安东尼奥·葛兰西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思主义">马克思主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="國際關係理論">国际关系理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="政治理论">政治理论</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span 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The Ideologies of Theory: Essays 1971-1986. Routledge. 1988. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-00658-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-00658-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-415-00658-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&rft.au=Jameson%2C+Fredric&rft.btitle=The+Ideologies+of+Theory%3A+Essays+1971-1986&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-415-00658-3&rft.place=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gunther Hellmann; Klaus Dieter Wolf; Michael Zürn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.de/Die-neuen-Internationalen-Beziehungen-Forschungsstand/dp/3832903208">Die neuen Internationalen Beziehungen: Forschungsstand und Perspektiven in Deutschland</a>. 2003-09-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-04-04</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3832903206" title="Special:网络书源/978-3832903206"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-3832903206</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191225215004/https://www.amazon.de/Die-neuen-Internationalen-Beziehungen-Forschungsstand/dp/3832903208">存档</a>于2019-12-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&rft.au=Gunther+Hellmann&rft.au=Klaus+Dieter+Wolf&rft.au=Michael+Z%C3%BCrn&rft.btitle=Die+neuen+Internationalen+Beziehungen%3A+Forschungsstand+und+Perspektiven+in+Deutschland&rft.date=2003-09-11&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3832903206&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.de%2FDie-neuen-Internationalen-Beziehungen-Forschungsstand%2Fdp%2F3832903208&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jessop, Bob. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="Template:國際關係理論"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="Template talk:國際關係理論"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:國際關係理論"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="国际关系理论" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="國際關係理論">国际关系理论</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9_(%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82)" title="現實主義 (國際關係)"> 现实主义</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="古典现实主义">古典现实主义</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%9F%BA%E9%9B%85%E7%BB%B4%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="马基雅维利主义">马基雅维利主义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="結構現實主義">新现实主义</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E5%8B%A2%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="守勢現實主義">守勢現實主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="攻勢現實主義">攻勢現實主義</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新古典现实主义">新古典现实主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="现实建构主义">现实建构主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="權力平衡">均勢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="现实政治">现实政治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E6%9D%83%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="强权政治">强权政治</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由主义(国际关系)（页面不存在）">自由主义</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%EF%BC%88%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理想主義（國際關係）（页面不存在）">理想主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9_(%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82)" title="新自由主義 (國際關係)">新自由主义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由制度主义（页面不存在）">自由制度主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%AE%BA" title="民主和平论">民主和平论</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E6%A7%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9_(%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82)" title="建構主義 (國際關係)">建构主义</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="现代建构主义（页面不存在）">现代建构主义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="后现代建构主义（页面不存在）">后现代建构主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="现实建构主义">现实建构主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="女权主义_(國際關係)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Feminism_in_international_relations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89_(%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女权主义 (國際關係)（页面不存在）">女权主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism_in_international_relations" class="extiw" title="en:Feminism in international relations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Feminism_in_international_relations</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马克思主义国际关系理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marxist_international_relations_theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马克思主义国际关系理论（页面不存在）">马克思主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxist_international_relations_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Marxist international relations theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marxist_international_relations_theory</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="世界體系理論">世界體系理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E9%99%84%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6)" title="依附理论 (国际政治经济学)">依赖理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB)" title="批判理论 (国际关系)">批判理论</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">新葛兰西学派</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他理论</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%96%93%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="政府間主義">政府间主义</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%97%B4%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="自由政府间主义">自由政府间主义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="功能主义 (国际关系)（页面不存在）">功能主义</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新功能主义（页面不存在）">新功能主义</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="后现代主义 (国际关系)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Postmodernism_(international_relations)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="后现代主义 (国际关系)（页面不存在）">后现代主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernism_(international_relations)" class="extiw" title="en:Postmodernism (international relations)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Postmodernism_(international_relations)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="后殖民主义(国际关系)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Postcolonialism_(international_relations)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="后殖民主义(国际关系)（页面不存在）">后殖民主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postcolonialism_(international_relations)" class="extiw" title="en:Postcolonialism (international relations)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Postcolonialism_(international_relations)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="發展主義">發展主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="国际政治经济学">国际政治经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B8%E6%9D%83%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E8%AE%BA" title="霸权稳定论">霸权稳定论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="绿色理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Green theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="绿色理论（页面不存在）">绿色理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Green theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Green theory</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哥本哈根学派 (国际关系)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Copenhagen_School_(international_relations)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%88%E6%A0%B9%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哥本哈根学派 (国际关系)（页面不存在）">哥本哈根学派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_School_(international_relations)" class="extiw" title="en:Copenhagen School (international relations)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Copenhagen_School_(international_relations)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="政治安全">政治安全</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="英国学派">英国学派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE_(%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82)" title="中國學派 (國際關係)">中國學派</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">分类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="实证主义 (国际关系)（页面不存在）">实证主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="理性主义国际关系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rationalism_(international_relations)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理性主义国际关系（页面不存在）">理性主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalism_(international_relations)" class="extiw" title="en:Rationalism (international relations)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rationalism_(international_relations)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB)" title="后实证主义 (国际关系)">后实证主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="反思主義">反思主义</a></li> <li>「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%A9%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB)" title="大辩论 (国际关系)">大辩论</a>」</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他研究方法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国际伦理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International_ethics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际伦理（页面不存在）">国际伦理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_ethics" class="extiw" title="en:International ethics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International_ethics</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="历史社会学">历史社会学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="制度理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Regime_theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="制度理论（页面不存在）">制度理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regime_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Regime theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Regime_theory</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国家垄断理论（页面不存在）">国家垄断理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%BC%98%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="地缘政治学">地缘政治学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5" title="大战略">大战略</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="外交政策分析">外交政策分析</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="战略现实主义（页面不存在）">战略现实主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E4%B9%89%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="道义现实主义">道义现实主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学者</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%88%97%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE" title="愛德華·霍列特·卡爾">愛德華·霍列特·卡爾</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="彼得·卡岑斯坦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peter_J._Katzenstein"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B2%91%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·卡岑斯坦（页面不存在）">彼得·卡岑斯坦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_J._Katzenstein" class="extiw" title="en:Peter J. Katzenstein"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peter_J._Katzenstein</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="戴维·赫尔德">戴维·赫尔德</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹尼尔·多德尼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Daniel_Deudney"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹尼尔·多德尼（页面不存在）">丹尼尔·多德尼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Deudney" class="extiw" title="en:Daniel Deudney"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Daniel_Deudney</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%B1%B1" title="法蘭西斯·福山">弗朗西斯·福山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E6%A0%B9%E7%B4%A2" title="漢斯·摩根索">漢斯·摩根索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="赫德利·布尔">赫德利·布尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC" title="亨利·基辛格">亨利·基辛格</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肯·布思 (学者)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ken_Booth_(academic)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%80%9D_(%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肯·布思 (学者)（页面不存在）">肯·布思</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Booth_(academic)" class="extiw" title="en:Ken Booth (academic)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ken_Booth_(academic)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E6%80%9D%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%B2" title="肯尼思·沃爾茲">肯尼思·沃爾茲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E6%80%9D%C2%B7W%C2%B7%E6%B1%A4%E6%99%AE%E6%A3%AE" title="肯尼思·W·汤普森">肯尼思·W·汤普森</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%8D%9A" title="理查德·内德·勒博">理查德·内德·勒博</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗伯特·J·阿特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Robert_J._Art"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7J%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗伯特·J·阿特（页面不存在）">罗伯特·J·阿特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._Art" class="extiw" title="en:Robert J. Art"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Robert_J._Art</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E6%AD%90%E6%BC%A2" title="羅伯特·基歐漢">羅伯特·基歐漢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E5%B9%B3" title="羅伯特·吉爾平">羅伯特·吉爾平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%82%91%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF" title="羅伯特·傑維斯">羅伯特·傑維斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="迈克尔·W·多伊尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Michael_W._Doyle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7W%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迈克尔·W·多伊尔（页面不存在）">迈克尔·W·多伊尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_W._Doyle" class="extiw" title="en:Michael W. Doyle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Michael_W._Doyle</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E5%8D%97" title="乔治·凯南">喬治·凱南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%B9%86%E7%88%BE%C2%B7P%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%BB%B7%E9%A0%93" title="塞繆爾·P·亨廷頓">塞繆爾·P·亨廷頓</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯蒂芬·克拉斯纳" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stephen_D._Krasner"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯蒂芬·克拉斯纳（页面不存在）">斯蒂芬·克拉斯纳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_D._Krasner" class="extiw" title="en:Stephen D. Krasner"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stephen_D._Krasner</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7M%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9" title="斯蒂芬·M·沃尔特">斯蒂芬·M·沃尔特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%8F%8A%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%E5%A5%87" title="苏珊·斯特兰奇">苏珊·斯特兰奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%BA%AB%E7%89%B9" title="亚历山大·溫特">亚历山大·溫特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E7%BA%BD%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="伊曼纽尔·沃勒斯坦">伊曼纽尔·沃勒斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7%E9%BB%98" title="約翰·米爾斯海默">約翰·米爾斯海默</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%A5%88%E7%88%BE" title="約瑟夫·奈爾">約瑟夫·奈伊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B9%E6%AF%94%E6%A0%BC%E6%B6%85%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%83%AD%E6%B4%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="兹比格涅夫·布热津斯基">兹比格涅夫·布热津斯基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E7%89%B9" title="安德鲁·林克莱特">安德鲁·林克莱特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%9D%E6%80%9D%E6%82%8C" title="郝思悌">郝思悌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="诺林·里普斯曼">诺林·里普斯曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E4%BA%9A%E9%9D%92" title="秦亚青">秦亚青</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%8E%E5%AD%A6%E9%80%9A" title="阎学通">阎学通</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">分类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="div-col"> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":0,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="國際關係" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="Category:國際關係">國際關係</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="Category:國際關係">国际关系分类</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> 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