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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">阶级斗争</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。68种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassenkampf" title="Klassenkampf – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Klassenkampf" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%8A" title="الصراع الطبقي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الصراع الطبقي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llucha_de_clases" title="Llucha de clases – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llucha de clases" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfi_m%C3%BCbariz%C9%99" title="Sinfi mübarizə – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sinfi mübarizə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Класавая барацьба – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Класавая барацьба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Класова борба – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Класова борба" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emgann_ar_renkado%C3%B9" title="Emgann ar renkadoù – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Emgann ar renkadoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lluita_de_classes" title="Lluita de classes – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lluita de classes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8E%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ململانێی چینایەتی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ململانێی چینایەتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99%C3%ADdn%C3%AD_boj" title="Třídní boj – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Třídní boj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%C4%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Классен кĕрешĕвĕ – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Классен кĕрешĕвĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassekamp" title="Klassekamp – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Klassekamp" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassenkampf" title="Klassenkampf – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Klassenkampf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BE%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Πάλη των τάξεων – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πάλη των τάξεων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Class conflict" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasbatalo" title="Klasbatalo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klasbatalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucha_de_clases" title="Lucha de clases – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lucha de clases" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassiv%C3%B5itlus" title="Klassivõitlus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Klassivõitlus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klase-borroka" title="Klase-borroka – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Klase-borroka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تضاد طبقاتی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تضاد طبقاتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luokkataistelu" title="Luokkataistelu – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luokkataistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutte_des_classes" title="Lutte des classes – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lutte des classes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loita_de_clases" title="Loita de clases – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Loita de clases" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מלחמת מעמדות – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת מעמדות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="वर्ग संघर्ष – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वर्ग संघर्ष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasna_borba" title="Klasna borba – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klasna borba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oszt%C3%A1lyharc" title="Osztályharc – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Osztályharc" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Դասակարգային պայքար – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դասակարգային պայքար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjuangan_kelas" title="Perjuangan kelas – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perjuangan kelas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prospettiva_del_conflitto" title="Prospettiva del conflitto – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prospettiva del conflitto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E9%97%98%E4%BA%89" title="階級闘争 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="階級闘争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="კლასობრივი ბრძოლა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კლასობრივი ბრძოლა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%ED%88%AC%EC%9F%81" title="계급투쟁 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="계급투쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pugna_classium" title="Pugna classium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pugna classium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasi%C5%B3_kova" title="Klasių kova – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Klasių kova" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%B7iru_c%C4%AB%C5%86a" title="Šķiru cīņa – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šķiru cīņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Класна борба – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Класна борба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വർഗ്ഗസമരം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വർഗ്ഗസമരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjuangan_kelas" title="Perjuangan kelas – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perjuangan kelas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="वर्ग संघर्ष – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वर्ग संघर्ष" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassenstrijd" title="Klassenstrijd – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Klassenstrijd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassekamp" title="Klassekamp – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Klassekamp" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassekamp" title="Klassekamp – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Klassekamp" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucha_de_las_classas" title="Lucha de las classas – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lucha de las classas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਵਰਗ ਸੰਘਰਸ਼ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਰਗ ਸੰਘਰਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walka_klas" title="Walka klas – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Walka klas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%AE%DA%93%D9%87" title="طبقاتي شخړه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="طبقاتي شخړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luta_de_classes" title="Luta de classes – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Luta de classes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupt%C4%83_de_clas%C4%83" title="Luptă de clasă – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Luptă de clasă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Классовая борьба – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Классовая борьба" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A_%DA%AA%D8%B4%D9%85%DA%AA%D8%B4" title="طبقاتي ڪشمڪش – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="طبقاتي ڪشمڪش" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasna_borba" title="Klasna borba – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Klasna borba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_struggle" title="Class struggle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Class struggle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triedny_boj" title="Triedny boj – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Triedny boj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B4" title="طبقاتی نظام دی کشمکش – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="طبقاتی نظام دی کشمکش" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razredni_boj" title="Razredni boj – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Razredni boj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufta_e_klasave" title="Lufta e klasave – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lufta e klasave" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Класни сукоб – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Класни сукоб" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasskamp" title="Klasskamp – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Klasskamp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="การต่อสู้ระหว่างชนชั้น – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การต่อสู้ระหว่างชนชั้น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunggalian_ng_uri" title="Tunggalian ng uri – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tunggalian ng uri" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1n%C4%B1f_m%C3%BCcadelesi" title="Sınıf mücadelesi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sınıf mücadelesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Класова боротьба – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Класова боротьба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfiy_kurash" title="Sinfiy kurash – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sinfiy kurash" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A5u_tranh_giai_c%E1%BA%A5p" title="Đấu tranh giai cấp – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đấu tranh giai cấp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" title="阶级斗争 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阶级斗争" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E7%AD%89%E7%AB%B6%E7%88%AD" title="民等競爭 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="民等競爭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E9%AC%A5%E7%88%AD" title="階級鬥爭 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="階級鬥爭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1744607#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" hreflang="zh"><span>维基语录</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1744607" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-998c618d" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-998c618d" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:明尼阿波利斯;zh-hant:明尼亞波利斯;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>此條目介紹的是解決對立階級之間的衝突採取的手段。关于巴基斯坦的托派組織，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89_(%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6)" title="阶级斗争 (巴基斯坦)">阶级斗争 (巴基斯坦)</a></b>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74069148"><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>「<b>斗争</b>」重定向至此。关于毛里求斯的左翼政党，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89_(%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A)" title="斗争 (政党)">斗争 (政党)</a></b>」。关于一般意義下的鬥爭，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" title="衝突">衝突</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SNA_segment.png/285px-SNA_segment.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/SNA_segment.png 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="130" /></a><figcaption>社会网络模型</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="社會學史">社會學史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会学概述" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会学概述（页面不存在）">社会学概述</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="Portal:社会">Portal:社会</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 主要的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="社会学理论">社会学理论</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="冲突理论">冲突理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="结构功能主义">结构功能主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E4%BA%92%E5%8B%95%E8%AB%96" title="符號互動論">符號互動論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="批判理論">批判理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="实证主义">实证主义</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反实证主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Antipositivism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%A6%E8%AD%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="反實證主義">反实证主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipositivism" class="extiw" title="en:Antipositivism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Antipositivism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81" title="社会变迁">社会变迁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%82%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="中层理论">中层理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会建构主义">社会建构主义</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="社會研究">研究方法</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="定量研究">定量研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E6%80%A7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="質性研究">定性研究</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="比较历史学研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Comparative historical research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比较历史学研究（页面不存在）">比较研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_historical_research" class="extiw" title="en:Comparative historical research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Comparative historical research</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="計算社會學">計算社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AA%8C" title="民族誌">民族誌</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="语用学 (社会学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Conversation analysis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%A6_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="语用学 (社会学)（页面不存在）">语用学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversation_analysis" class="extiw" title="en:Conversation analysis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Conversation analysis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="历史社会学">历史社会学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="采访 (研究方法)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Interview (research)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E8%AE%BF_(%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="采访 (研究方法)（页面不存在）">采访</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interview_(research)" class="extiw" title="en:Interview (research)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Interview (research)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="数理社会学">数理社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="社会网络分析">社会网络分析</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 主要<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会学分支学科" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Subfields of sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会学分支学科（页面不存在）">分支学科</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subfields_of_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Subfields of sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Subfields of sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="犯罪學">犯罪學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="文化社会学">文化社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="人口学">人口学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="发展理论">发展理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E8%BD%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="越轨社会学">越轨社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="经济社会学">经济社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="教育社会学">教育社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="環境社會學">環境社會學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="家庭社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sociology of the family"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="家庭社会学（页面不存在）">家庭社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_the_family" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of the family"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of the family</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="女权社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Feminist sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女权社会学（页面不存在）">女权社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Feminist sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Feminist sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="性别社会学">性别社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="工業社會學">工業社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89" title="社会不平等">社会不平等</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="知识社会学">知识社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="法律社会学">法律社会学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文学社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sociology of literature"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文学社会学（页面不存在）">文学社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of literature"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of literature</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="医学社会学">医学社会学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="军事社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="軍事社會學">军事社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Military sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="政治社会学">政治社会学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="种族与民族关系社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sociology of race and ethnic relations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="种族与民族关系社会学（页面不存在）">种族与民族关系社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_race_and_ethnic_relations" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of race and ethnic relations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of race and ethnic relations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教社会学">宗教社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E6%9D%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="鄉村社會學">鄉村社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="科学知识社会学">科学知识社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="社會運動">社會運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="社会心理学">社会心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%9A%8E%E5%B1%A4" title="社會階層">社會階層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84" title="技术的社会建构">技术的社会建构</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恐怖主义社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sociology of terrorism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恐怖主义社会学（页面不存在）">恐怖主义社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_terrorism" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of terrorism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of terrorism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="都市社會學">城市社会学</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 其他相关信息</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="社會學家列表">社會學家列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会学时间轴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%BD%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会学时间轴（页面不存在）">社会学时间轴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 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href="/wiki/File:Battle_strike_1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Battle_strike_1934.jpg/200px-Battle_strike_1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Battle_strike_1934.jpg/300px-Battle_strike_1934.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Battle_strike_1934.jpg/400px-Battle_strike_1934.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1106" /></a><figcaption>1934年<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="明尼亞波利斯">明尼亞波利斯</a>市的工人階級鬥爭</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nank%C3%ADn_1978_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Nank%C3%ADn_1978_12.jpg/220px-Nank%C3%ADn_1978_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Nank%C3%ADn_1978_12.jpg/330px-Nank%C3%ADn_1978_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Nank%C3%ADn_1978_12.jpg/440px-Nank%C3%ADn_1978_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption>1978年3月<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="南京市">南京市</a>街头的“千万不要忘记阶级斗争”标语</figcaption></figure> <p><b>阶级斗争</b>，在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思主义">马克思主义</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="自由意志社會主義">自由意志社会主义</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="无政府主义">无政府主义</a>看来，是指<b>阶级冲突</b>，指的是对立<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="阶级">阶级</a>之间的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="斗争">斗争</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。它反映了由于<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="社会">社会</a>地位的不同而导致的群体之间的根本性的紧张，甚至是对立关系。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思主义">马克思主义</a>者<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>认为阶级冲突在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="階級社會">阶级社会</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="历史">历史</a>里（如<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="资本主义">资本主义</a>社会和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="封建主义">封建主义</a>社会）扮演了关键角色，并将阶级冲突的公开形式称作<b>阶级斗争</b>（例如在资本主义社会里<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7" title="工人阶级">工人阶级</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="资产阶级">资产阶级</a>的斗争）。 </p><p>阶级冲突可以以多种形式出现。它可以是直接的暴力，例如对资源剥夺和廉价劳动力的剥削（如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%88%E5%9C%B0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="圈地运动">圈地运动</a>）；也可以是间接的暴力，如因贫困导致的死亡、不安全的工作环境、失去工作的威胁等。但也可以是思想意识上的，蓄意的（撰写反资本主义出版物）或者是非蓄意的（通过商业<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%91%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="广告">广告</a>鼓吹<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="消費主義">消费主义</a>）等。它可以是公开的，如企业业主为了抵制<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BC%9A" title="工会">工会</a>的要求而<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%9C%E5%B7%A5" title="停工">停工</a>；它也可以是隐秘的，例如工人暗地里故意降低生产效率。 </p><p>对<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D" title="卡尔·马克思">马克思</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="恩格斯">恩格斯</a>而言，迄今为止所有存在社会的历史都是阶级斗争史。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>马克思在哲学的贫困详细地阐述了这一点。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>马克思所说的阶级概念和血缘沒有關係，也和上、中、下的社会阶层无关，而是指「经济地位」。他认为阶级归属是由自己和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99" title="生产资料">生产手段</a>的关系决定。马克思同样指出“这种社会主义就是<b>宣布不间断革命</b>，就是实现无产阶级的<b>阶级专政</b>，把这种专政作为必经的过渡阶段，以求达到<b>根本消灭阶级差别</b>，消灭一切产生这些差别的生产关系，消灭一切和这些生产关系相适应的社会关系，改变一切由这些社会关系产生出来的观念。”<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>谈到自己对于阶级斗争学说的贡献，马克思说“……至于讲到我，无论是发现现代社会中有阶级存在或发现各阶级间的斗争，都不是我的功劳。在我以前很久，资产阶级的历史学家就已叙述过阶级斗争的历史发展，资产阶级的经济学家也已对各个阶级作过经济上的分析。我的新贡献就是证明了下列几点：（1）<b>阶级的存在</b>仅仅同<b>生产发展的一定历史阶段</b>相联系；（2）阶级斗争必然要导致<b>无产阶级专政</b>；（3）这个专政不过是达到<b>消灭一切阶级</b>和进入<b>无阶级社会</b>的过渡……”<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81" title="弗拉基米尔·列宁">列宁</a>指出“所谓阶级，就是这样一些大的集团，这些集团在历史上一定的社会生产体系中所处的地位不同，同生产资料的关系（这种关系大部分是在法律上明文规定了的）不同，在社会劳动组织中所起的作用不同，因而取得归自己支配的那份社会财富的方式和多寡也不同。所谓阶级，就是这样一些集团，由于它们在一定社会经济结构中所处的地位不同，其中一个集团能够占有另一个集团的劳动”<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>列宁接着指出“在推翻资本压迫的斗争中，在推翻这种压迫的过程中，在保持和巩固胜利的斗争中，在创建新的社会主义的社会制度的事业中，在完全消灭阶级的全部斗争中，只有一个阶级，即城市的总之是工厂的产业工人，才能够领导全体被剥削劳动群众。（我们要顺便指出：社会主义和共产主义之间的科学区别，只在于第一个词是指从资本主义生长起来的新社会的第一阶段，第二个词是指它的下一个阶段，更高的阶段。）”<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>“阶级斗争学说经马克思运用到国家和社会主义革命问题上，必然导致承认无产阶级的<b>政治统治</b>，无产阶级的专政，即不与任何人分掌而直接依靠群众武装力量的政权。只有使无产阶级转化成<b>统治阶级</b>，从而能把资产阶级必然要进行的拼死反抗镇压下去，并组织<b>一切</b>被剥削劳动群众去建立新的经济结构，才能推翻资产阶级。”<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" title="约瑟夫·斯大林">斯大林</a>指出“不要掩盖阶级斗争，要把阶级斗争进行到底”。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>阶级斗争理论也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C" title="毛泽东">毛泽东</a>的主要思想观点，他把中国人划分成<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91" title="人民">人民</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%95%8C%E4%BA%BA" title="阶级敌人">阶级敌人</a>两大阵营。他说：“人民是什么？在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>，在现阶段，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7" title="工人阶级">工人阶级</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E6%B0%91%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="农民阶级">农民阶级</a>，城市<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="小资产阶级">小资产阶级</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7" title="民族资产阶级">民族资产阶级</a>。这些阶级在工人阶级和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="共产党">共产党</a>的领导之下，团结起来，组成自己的国家，选举自己的政府，向着<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="帝国主义">帝国主义</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B0%E7%8B%97" title="走狗">走狗</a>即<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%BB%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="地主階級">地主阶级</a>和官僚资产阶级以及代表这些阶级的中国<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A%E5%8F%8D%E5%8A%A8%E6%B4%BE" title="国民党反动派">国民党反动派</a>及其帮凶们实行专政，实行独裁，压迫这些人，只许他们规规矩矩，不许他们乱说乱动。如要乱说乱动，立即取缔，予以制裁。”<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="中國共產黨第九次全國代表大會">中國共產黨第九次全國代表大會</a>召開後，將「以阶级斗争为纲」寫入中共黨章<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。毛澤東還表示「关于阶级与阶级斗争，我们可以现在就讲起，必须年年讲，月月讲，天天讲」、「阶级斗争，一抓就灵」。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1978年召開的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%8A%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%A8%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="十一届三中全会">十一届三中全会</a>決定停止使用「以阶级斗争为纲」的口号，將工作重點轉移到經濟建設上<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89&action=edit&section=1" 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