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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>Romans 10 Pulpit Commentary</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/5001com.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="../spec.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 4800px), only screen and (max-device-width: 4800px)" href="/4801.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1550px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1550px)" href="/1551.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1250px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1250px)" href="/1251.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1050px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1050px)" href="/1051.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 900px), only screen and (max-device-width: 900px)" href="/901.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 800px), only screen and (max-device-width: 800px)" href="/801.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 575px), only screen and (max-device-width: 575px)" href="/501.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-height: 450px), only screen and (max-device-height: 450px)" href="/h451.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; 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"Non orasset Paulus, si absolute reprobati essent" (Bengel). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-2.htm">Romans 10:2</a></div><div class="verse">For I bear them record that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verses 2, 3.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">For I bear them record that they have a zeal of God</span>. For <span class="greek">ζῆλον Θεοῦ</span>, meaning zeal <span class="accented">for</span> God, cf. <a href="/john/2-17.htm">John 2:17</a>; <a href="/acts/22-3.htm">Acts 22:3</a>; <a href="/galatians/1-14.htm">Galatians 1:14</a>. The word <span class="greek">ζῆλος</span> was commonly used for the religious ardour of the Jews at that time (cf. <a href="/acts/21-20.htm">Acts 21:20</a>, <span class="greek">Πάντες ζηλωταὶ τοῦ νόμου ὑπάρχουσι</span>), and there was a faction among them called distinctively <span class="greek">Ζηλωταὶ</span>, to which Simon Zelotes (<a href="/luke/6-15.htm">Luke 6:15</a>; <a href="/acts/1-13.htm">Acts 1:13</a>) is supposed to have belonged originally. St. Paul's mention of the religious zeal of the Jews of his day is apposite in this place. In <a href="/romans/9-1.htm">Romans 9:1-5</a>, where he was about to speak of their rejection from the inheritance of the promises, he appropriately dwelt on their ancient privileges; here, where he has in view their own failure to respond to God's purpose for them, he as appropriately refers to their undoubted zeal, which he regrets should be misdirected. <span class="cmt_word">But not according to knowledge. For being ignorant of</span> (<span class="greek">ἀγνοοῦντες</span>, in explanation of <span class="greek">οὐ κατ ἐπίγνωσιν</span> preceding<span class="cmt_word">) God's righteousness, and seeking to establish their own</span> (<span class="accented">righteousness</span>, repeated here, is ill supported), <span class="cmt_word">they have not submitted themselves to the righteousness of God.</span> For the meaning of God's righteousness, opposed to man's own righteousness, see on Romans 3:19, 20; also on Romans 1:17, and Introduction. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-3.htm">Romans 10:3</a></div><div class="verse">For they being ignorant of God's righteousness, and going about to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves unto the righteousness of God.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-4.htm">Romans 10:4</a></div><div class="verse">For Christ <i>is</i> the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 4.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">For Christ is the end of Law unto righteousness to every one that believeth</span>. The word "end" (<span class="greek">τέλος</span>) might in itself mean <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="note_emph">(1)</span> <span class="accented">termination</span>, <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="note_emph">(2)</span> <span class="accented">fulfilment</span>, <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="note_emph">(3)</span> <span class="accented">aim or purpose</span>, <span class="p"><br /><br /></span>which is the evident meaning of the word in <a href="/1_timothy/1-5.htm">1 Timothy 1:5</a> and <a href="/1_peter/1-9.htm">1 Peter 1:9</a>. This last seems best to suit the line of thought in this place. The Jews evinced <span class="accented">ignorance, i.e.</span> of the real meaning and purpose of Law, in resting on it for justification. This is St. Paul's constant position in speaking of the office of Law - that it could not and was never meant to justify, but rather to convince of sin; to establish the need of, and excite a craving for, redemption; and so prepare men to appreciate and accept the righteousness of God in Christ which was its <span class="greek">τέλος</span> (see especially ch. 7; and cf. <a href="/galatians/3-24.htm">Galatians 3:24</a>, <span class="greek">Ὥστε ὁ νόμος παιδαγωγὸς ἡμῶν γέγονεν εἰς Ξριστὸν Ἵνα ἐκ πίστως δικαιωθῶμεν</span>).<span class="greek"> Νόμος</span> being here anarthrous, we translate it according to the rule observed in this Commentary. The apostle has, indeed, in view the Mosaic Law; but it is the principle of law, as such, that he is speaking cf. He next proceeds, as elsewhere throughout the Epistle, to quote from the Old Testament in illustration of the contrast between the two principles of justification, and this with the intention of showing that even in the Pentateuch that of justification by faith was intimated, and thus that it was all along the real <span class="greek">τέλος</span> of the Law. "Nam si prophetas suae sententiae testes citasset, haerebat tamen hic scrupulus, cum Lex aliam justitiae formam praescriberet. Hunc ergo optime discutit, quum ex ipsa Legis doctrina stabitit fidei justitiam" (Calvin). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-5.htm">Romans 10:5</a></div><div class="verse">For Moses describeth the righteousness which is of the law, That the man which doeth those things shall live by them.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 5.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">For Moses describeth the righteousness which is of the Law, That the man which doeth those things shall live by</span> (literally, in) them (<a href="/leviticus/18-5.htm">Leviticus 18:5</a>). This quotation is intended to express, in the words of Moses himself, the principle of Law, viz. the requirement of entire observance of it, such as the apostle elsewhere contends is impossible (cf. <a href="/galatians/3-10.htm">Galatians 3:10-12</a>). It may be objected that Moses himself, in the original passage, does not seem to be setting forth any such impossible requirement. He says, in the name of the Lord, "Ye shall therefore keep my statutes and my judgments, which, if a man do, he shall live in them;" implying, it would seem, that a man might so keep them as to live in them; else were the injunction delusive. In the quotation also of the same text in <a href="/ezekiel/20-11.htm">Ezekiel 20:11, 13, 21</a> and <a href="/nehemiah/9-29.htm">Nehemiah 9:29</a>, only such a requirement as might have been fulfilled appears to be understood. But St. Paul (as appears from the context, and from <a href="/galatians/3-12.htm">Galatians 3:12</a>, where the text is similarly cited) refers to it as expressing the strict principle of law, as above defined. It, then, the text, in its original connection, seems to fall short of the sense put upon it, we may understand the apostle to quote it as a well-known one, sufficiently suggestive, if taken, as he intends it to be, in connection with others, such as <a href="/deuteronomy/27-26.htm">Deuteronomy 27:26</a>, cited with it in <a href="/galatians/3-10.htm">Galatians 3:10</a>, "Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the Law to do them." It is his way to refer to familiar texts, or such as most readily occur to him, as suggestive of Old Testament ideas which he expects his readers to be acquainted with. Calvin's remarks on this whole passage deserve attention: "Lex bifariam accipitur. Nunc enim significat universam doctrinam a Mose proditam, nunc pattern illam quae ministerii ejus propria erat; quae scilicet praeceptis, praemis, et poenis continetur Quod ergo hic de justitia Legis dicitur referre convenit non ad totam Mosis functionem, sed ad partem istam quae peculiariter quodammodo ei commissa fuit." His drift is, that the passage before us intimates the strict principle of law, which it was the peculiar function of Moses to promulgate, whereas the passage which follows from Deuteronomy is significant of its <span class="accented">universa doctrina.</span> This distinction may help us to understand St. Paul's drift, in referring, as he proceeds to do, to <a href="/deuteronomy/30-11.htm">Deuteronomy 30:11-14</a>. The determination of this drift is attended with some difficulty. First, we observe that, whereas the original passage certainly refers to the Law given to the Israelites through Moses - to the same "statutes and judgments" that were the subject of the previous quotation - St. Paul applies it to describe justification through faith in Christ; and, secondly, that, in order to apply it, he alters some parts of it, and interposes comments of his own. One view is that he is only making a free-use of the words of the passage to clothe his own thoughts. So Bengel: "Ad hunc locum quasi parodia suavissime alludit, sine expressa allegatione." But his obvious intention, here as elsewhere, to support his positions from the old Scriptures surely precludes this view. Nor can he be supposed to cite the passage as simply prophetical of the gospel which was to supersede the Law, since it evidently was not so. The proper view seems to be that he adduces it as illustrating, in the first place. what Calvin calls the <span class="accented">universa doetrina</span> of the Law itself, with regard to its actual application as a <span class="accented">norma vivendi to</span> the needs of man. Here, he would say, the very Mosaic dispensation is presented to us, not as exacting any impossible obedience to the strict behests of law, but only such as the "circumcised in heart" could render, and be accepted still; it is presented to us, not as a rigid external code, enjoining and threatening, but as a word very nigh unto us, even in our heart, that we may do it; it is, in fact, an anticipation and foreshadowing of gospel salvation. In confirmation of this view of the apostle's meaning, it is to be observed that the passage occurs, not in the earlier books of Moses, but in Deuteronomy, which appears as an appendix to them, containing for the most part long discourses in the style of the prophets, wherein the Law is, as it were, spiritualized, and its <span class="accented">universa doctrina</span> opened out. In it we feel ourselves as rising out of the region of strict legal exaction into a higher and more spiritual one. Observe also that the passage before us is based on the idea of a people circumcised in heart, and loving the Lord with all the heart and all the soul (vers. 6, 20); on an ideal view of a state of favour and acceptance never realized in Jewish history, but such as we find often in the prophetic writings (cf. <a href="/jeremiah/31-31.htm">Jeremiah 31:31-34</a>, the famous passage referred to more than once in the New Testament as having its eventual fulfilment in Christ). Thus the passage before us is legitimately referred to by St. Paul, as an intimation in the Pentateuch itself of the "righteousness which is of faith." </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-6.htm">Romans 10:6</a></div><div class="verse">But the righteousness which is of faith speaketh on this wise, Say not in thine heart, Who shall ascend into heaven? (that is, to bring Christ down <i>from above</i>:)</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verses 6-10.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">But the righteousness which is of faith speaketh on this wise, Say not in thine heart</span> (in the original, <span class="accented">It is not in heaven, that thou shouldest say</span>)<span class="accented">, <span class="cmt_word"></span>Who shall ascend into heaven?</span> <span class="cmt_word">(that is, to bring Christ down).</span> The parenthesis is St. Paul's own; the original has, after "heaven," <span class="accented">and bring it unto us, that we may hear it and do it? <span class="cmt_word"></span>Or, Who shall descend into the deep?</span> <span class="cmt_word">(that is, to bring up Christ again from the dead).</span> Again the parenthesis is St. Paul's; and he has substituted "into the deep" (<span class="greek">εἰς τὴν</span> <span class="greek">ἄβυσσον</span>) <span class="accented">for</span> " <span class="accented">beyond the sea."</span> The original <span class="accented">is, Neither is it beyond the sea, that thou shouldest say, Who shall go over the sea for us, and bring it unto us, that we may hear it, and do it? <span class="cmt_word"></span>But what saith it? The word is nigh thee, in thy mouth, and in thy heart</span> (the original adds, <span class="accented">that thou mayest do it</span>; and the LXX., after "heart," has, <span class="accented">and in thy hands</span>)<span class="accented">: <span class="cmt_word"></span>that is, the word of faith, which we preach; that</span> (or, <span class="accented">because</span>) <span class="cmt_word">if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved. For with the heart man believeth unto righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation</span>. The apostle's purpose in varying from the original is obvious from his interposed comments, and from the application that follows. It seems to be as though he had said, "See how, with a slight alteration, the passage in Deuteronomy becomes an exact description of our Christian doctrine." The most marked alteration is the substitution of "into the deep" for "beyond the sea." The "sea" in the original, to which the term "abyss" is applicable (cf. <a href="/job/28-14.htm">Job 28:14</a>; <a href="/psalms/107-26.htm">Psalm 107:26</a>), may have suggested the word; but St. Paul here evidently means by it the regions of the dead, imagined as subterranean, equivalent to the Hebrew <span class="accented">Sheol</span>, and the Greek <span class="greek">Ἅδης</span>. For use of the word in this sense, cf. <a href="/psalms/71-20.htm">Psalm 71:20</a> (which may have been present to his mind), <span class="greek">Ἐκ τῶν ἀβύσσων τῆς γῆς πάλιν ἀνήγαγές με</span> cf. also <a href="/luke/8-31.htm">Luke 8:31</a> and <a href="/revelation/9-1.htm">Revelation 9:1, 2, 11</a>; <a href="/revelation/11-7.htm">Revelation 11:7</a>; <a href="/revelation/17-8.htm">Revelation 17:8</a>; <a href="/revelation/20-1.htm">Revelation 20:1, 3</a>; in which passages <span class="greek">ἡ ἄβυσσος</span> seems to denote the penal abode, corresponding to the Greek idea of Tartarus; but the word itself does not contain this idea, which is by no means intimated here. It may be taken to denote <span class="accented">Hades</span>, into which Christ "descended." Some commentators suppose the previous expression, "ascend into heaven to bring Christ down," to mean bringing him back to earth from heaven, whither he has ascended now. But the mere fact of its coming first, as well as the general sense of the passage, shows it to refer rather to the Incarnation, and what follows to the Resurrection. These were the two grand stages in the great work of redemption; both were required that "the righteousness which is of faith" might effectually be brought "nigh unto us." The impossible task of effecting either was not required of man; God has done both for us, and we have but to "believe in our hearts," that "the word" of his grace may be nigh us, in our mouth and in our heart, that we may do it. Thus all that was intimated or foreshadowed by that old passage in Deuteronomy is in its fullest sense to us fulfilled. (It may be observed, in passing, that the application to the Incarnation of <span class="greek">καταγάγειν</span>, etc., is, if correct, one of the instances of St. Paul's recognition of the Divine pre-existence of our Lord.) In ver. 9 the applicability of the words, "in thy mouth, and in thine heart," to the gospel dispensation is shown; the two expressions, properly understood, denoting all that is required of us. Confession of the Lord Jesus with the mouth must be taken to express generally, not only fearless avowal of the Christian faith, but also consistent life, according to the full meaning of our Lord's words in <a href="/matthew/10-32.htm">Matthew 10:32</a>; <a href="/mark/8-38.htm">Mark 8:38</a>; <a href="/luke/10-26.htm">Luke 10:26</a>; <a href="/luke/12-8.htm">Luke 12:8</a>, etc. Confession of the Lord Jesus with the mouth, too, would have a peculiar significance then, when Christians were often so sorely tempted to deny him under persecution (cf. <a href="/1_corinthians/12-3.htm">1 Corinthians 12:3</a>). We may observe also how "the mouth" is elsewhere regarded as the index of the heart; as the main bodily organ whereby character is evinced and expressed (cf. <a href="/matthew/12-34.htm">Matthew 12:34, 37</a>; <a href="/matthew/15-11.htm">Matthew 15:11</a>, etc.). Further, the belief spoken of is <span class="accented">belief in the heart -</span> a living operative faith, not intellectual conviction only. Nor is belief that God raised the Lord Jesus from the dead to be taken as meaning belief of this one article of the Creed alone; it carries with it belief in the gospel generally, the doctrine of the Resurrection being here, as elsewhere, regarded as the central doctrine on which all the rest depends (cf. <a href="/1_corinthians/15-17.htm">1 Corinthians 15:17</a>; <a href="/1_peter/1-21.htm">1 Peter 1:21</a>). "Haec summa Evangelii est. Nam, cum credimus Christum excitatum esse e mortuis, credimus sum pro peccatis satisfecisse, et in coelis regnare, ut nos ad imaginem suam perficiat" (Bucer). In ver. 10, where the offices of the heart and of the mouth are denoted in general terms, the distinction between "unto righteousness" with respect to the one, and "unto salvation" with respect to the other, is significant. By faith alone we are justified; but by confession in actual life, which is the fruit of faith, our salvation is secured. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-7.htm">Romans 10:7</a></div><div class="verse">Or, Who shall descend into the deep? (that is, to bring up Christ again from the dead.)</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-8.htm">Romans 10:8</a></div><div class="verse">But what saith it? The word is nigh thee, <i>even</i> in thy mouth, and in thy heart: that is, the word of faith, which we preach;</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-9.htm">Romans 10:9</a></div><div class="verse">That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-10.htm">Romans 10:10</a></div><div class="verse">For with the heart man believeth unto righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-11.htm">Romans 10:11</a></div><div class="verse">For the scripture saith, Whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verses 11, 12.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">For the Scripture saith, Whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed</span> (see above, on Romans 9:33). <span class="cmt_word">For there is no difference</span> (rather, <span class="accented">distinction</span>) <span class="accented"><span class="cmt_word"></span>between the Jew and the Greek: for the same is Lord of all, being rich unto all that call upon him.</span> Here, in ver. 12, the apostle comments on the text from Isaiah, so as to show the universality of its application (see previous note). It is (he would say) in itself applicable to Jew and Gentile alike, and it must needs be so, since the one God is the same to all that call upon him, even as the Prophet Joel also testified. The thought thus expressed was one deeply fixed in St. Paul's mind. He elsewhere speaks Of the very unity of God as implying of necessity that he is the same alike to Jews and Gentiles (see above, on Romans 3:29). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-12.htm">Romans 10:12</a></div><div class="verse">For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek: for the same Lord over all is rich unto all that call upon him.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-13.htm">Romans 10:13</a></div><div class="verse">For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 13.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">For whosoever shall call upon the Name of the Lord shall be saved</span> (<a href="/joel/2-32.htm">Joel 2:32</a>). The text from Joel is in a passage which is distinctly Messianic; the same that is quoted by St. Peter (<a href="/acts/2-16.htm">Acts 2:16</a>) as fulfilled on the Day of Pentecost. Hence, and from the fact of <span class="greek">πᾶς ο{ς α}ν</span> being emphatic in the original, it is well quoted by the apostle as supplementing the previous one from Isaiah, and as conclusive for his argument. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-14.htm">Romans 10:14</a></div><div class="verse">How then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed? and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard? and how shall they hear without a preacher?</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verses 14, 15.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">How then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed?</span> This question may be taken, in the first place, as serving to connect the two passages from Joel and from Isaiah (see previous note). But it is further the beginning of a sorites, suggested by a new thought, which is carried out to the end of the chapter. The course of this new thought through the rest of the chapter may be expounded as follows: It might be pleaded, in behalf of the unbelieving Jews, that they had never really heard, through preachers duly sent to them, the gospel message; and hence that they were not to be blamed for rejecting it. With this idea before him, the apostle first (vers. 14, 15) allows generally, in the form of a series of questions, that, as before <span class="accented">calling on the Lord</span> there must be <span class="accented">faith</span>, so before <span class="accented">faith</span> there must be <span class="accented">hearing</span>, before <span class="accented">hearing</span> there must <span class="accented">be preaching</span>, and for <span class="accented">preaching</span> there must be authorizing <span class="accented">mission</span>; and he quotes, in illustration, a passage from Isaiah, which describes beautifully the preaching of good tidings of peace by commissioned messengers to all the world. But he is careful to add (vers. 16, 17) that, according to the same prophet, such universal <span class="accented">preaching</span>, and consequent <span class="accented">hearing</span>, does not involve universal <span class="accented">hearkening</span>; thus showing, in view of the main purpose of his argument, that the fact of the Jews not <span class="accented">hearkening</span> now is no evidence that they had not <span class="accented">heard.</span> Then he goes on to ask whether any could plead the excuse of not having <span class="accented">heard</span>, so as to justify want of the <span class="accented">faith</span> that cometh of <span class="accented">hearing.</span> Nay, he replies (ver. 18), the sound of the good tidings has gone forth to all the earth, even like the language of nature spoken of in <a href="/psalms/19.htm">Psalm 19</a>. Then (ver. 19), pressing his argument home to the Jews, who have been all along in view, he asks, "But I say, Did not <span class="accented">Israel</span> know?" The word <span class="greek">ἕγνω</span>, being different from <span class="greek">ἤκουσααν</span> previously used, must express some different meaning. But what St. Paul exactly meant by it is not quite clear. The quotations from the Old Testament that follow in proof of knowledge (vers. 19, 20) seem to support the view that what Israel knew, or ought to have known, was the Divine design of the promulgation of the "good tidings" to all the world, which has just been spoken cf. Such promulgation should have been to them no stumbling-block; for it had been told to them from Moses downwards, and they had full opportunity of <span class="accented">knowing</span> it. Lastly (ver. 21), the apostle intimates that the present state of things, in which Gentiles accept the gospel while Israel in the main rejects it, far from being an objection to it, is but a further fulfilment of Isaiah's prophecies, which represent God as making himself known to those who had not known him, while pleading with Israel in vain. This exposition of the supposed course of thought being borne in mind, the passage (with the further aid of some interposed comments) may become intelligible. It continues: And how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard! and how shall they hear without a preacher! and how shall they preach, except they be sent? as it is written, How beautiful are the feet of them that [preach the gospel (or, good <span class="accented">tidings</span>) of peace, and] bring glad tidings of flood things! (<a href="/isaiah/3-7.htm">Isaiah 3:7</a>). The genuineness of the. words within brackets is at least doubtful. Even with them the text is not quoted in full, though sufficiently to remind of its purport. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-15.htm">Romans 10:15</a></div><div class="verse">And how shall they preach, except they be sent? as it is written, How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things!</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-16.htm">Romans 10:16</a></div><div class="verse">But they have not all obeyed the gospel. For Esaias saith, Lord, who hath believed our report?</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verses 16-18.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">But not all obeyed</span> (or, <span class="accented">hearkened to</span>) <span class="cmt_word">the gospel</span> (or, <span class="accented">good tidings</span>). This means, apparently, that in the prophet's representation of the proclamation of the good tidings all were said to hear, but not all to hearken, <span class="cmt_word">For Esaias saith, Lord, who Believed our report?</span> (The Greek word here is <span class="greek">ἀκοῇ</span>, the same as in ver. 17, there rendered "hearing," and corresponding to the verb <span class="greek">ἀκούειν ιν</span> vers. 14,18.) <span class="cmt_word">So then faith cometh of hearing, and hearing by the Word of God</span> (<span class="greek">ῤήματος Θεοῦ</span>, God's own Word, committed to, and spoken by, preachers duly sent). <span class="cmt_word">But I say, Did they not hear?.</span> The previous aorist, <span class="greek">ὑπήκουσαν</span>, in ver. 16 having been understood as referring to the prophetic representations rather than to present known facts, the aorist <span class="greek">ἤκουσαν</span> here must, for consistency, be similarly understood, though with a view also to the actual universality of the gospel message. The unexpressed nominative to <span class="greek">ἤκουσαν</span> appears from the context to be men in general, not the Jews in particular. Israel is not specified till ver. 19. <span class="cmt_word">Yea, verily, their sound went into all the earth, and their words unto the ends of the world</span> (<a href="/psalms/19-4.htm">Psalm 19:4</a>). The "sound" and the "words" in the psalm are those of the heavens and the firmament. But in the second part of the psalm, beginning at ver. 7, the psalmist passes from God's revelation of himself in nature to his revelation of himself in his Word. Still the psalm itself cannot well be understood as intimating the universal proclamation of the gospel. Nor is it necessary to suppose that St. Paul so understood it. Enough for him that the words he quotes express admirably what he desires to say. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-17.htm">Romans 10:17</a></div><div class="verse">So then faith <i>cometh</i> by hearing, and hearing by the word of God.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-18.htm">Romans 10:18</a></div><div class="verse">But I say, Have they not heard? Yes verily, their sound went into all the earth, and their words unto the ends of the world.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-19.htm">Romans 10:19</a></div><div class="verse">But I say, Did not Israel know? First Moses saith, I will provoke you to jealousy by <i>them that are</i> no people, <i>and</i> by a foolish nation I will anger you.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 19.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">But I say, Did not Israel know?</span> (see explanation given above). <span class="cmt_word">First, Moses saith, I will provoke you to jealousy by them that are no nation; by a foolish nation I will anger you</span>. It may be observed that in the Greek we have the same word, <span class="greek">ἔθνει</span>,, in both classes of the sentence, though, in order to bring out the supposed meaning in the first clause, it is there, in the Authorized Version, rendered "people," and in the second, "nation." The passage occurs in the song attributed to Moses in <a href="/deuteronomy/32-21.htm">Deuteronomy 32:21</a>, and expresses the idea of God, in consequence of the defaults of Israel, favouring those who were so far, as it were, no nation at all, so as to provoke Israel to jealousy. It is therefore aptly cited as an intimation in the Pentateuch itself of the calling of the Gentiles in place of unbelieving Israel. The idea involved in "provoke you to jealousy" - in the sense of moving to emulation, so that Israel itself as a nation might, through the calling of the Gentiles, in the end be saved - is pursued, as will be seen, in the chapter that follows. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-20.htm">Romans 10:20</a></div><div class="verse">But Esaias is very bold, and saith, I was found of them that sought me not; I was made manifest unto them that asked not after me.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 20.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">But Esaias is very hold, and saith, I was found of them that sought me not; I was made manifest unto them that asked not after me.</span> (<a href="/isaiah/65-1.htm">Isaiah 65:1</a>). The peculiar <span class="accented">boldness</span> of Isaiah's utterance consists in this - that, at a time when Israel was recognized as God's one chosen people, he is said to make himself known even to those who sought him not at all. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/romans/10-21.htm">Romans 10:21</a></div><div class="verse">But to Israel he saith, All day long I have stretched forth my hands unto a disobedient and gainsaying people.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 21.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">But to Israel he saith, All day long I stretched out my hands unto a disobedient and gainsaying people.</span> (<a href="/isaiah/65-2.htm">Isaiah 65:2</a>). Tholuck remarks, "If from this passage we once more look back upon the tenth and ninth chapters, it is manifest how little Paul ever designed to revert to a <span class="accented">decretun, absolutum</span>, but meant to cast all blame upon <span class="accented">the want of will</span> in men, resisting the gracious <span class="accented">will</span> of God. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span> <span class="p"><br /><br /></span> </div></div></div><div id="botbox"><div class="padbot"><div align="center">The Pulpit Commentary, Electronic Database. 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