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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Prolactin</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">1,329 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Prolactin</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Prolactin">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73329791" data-work_id="73329791" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73329791/Atrazine_and_reproductive_function_mode_and_mechanism_of_action_studies">Atrazine and reproductive function: mode and mechanism of action studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Atrazine, a chlorotriazine herbicide, is used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. In this review, we summarize our laboratory's work evaluating the neuroendocrine toxicity of atrazine (and related chlorotriazines) from an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73329791" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Atrazine, a chlorotriazine herbicide, is used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. In this review, we summarize our laboratory's work evaluating the neuroendocrine toxicity of atrazine (and related chlorotriazines) from an historic perspective. We provide the rationale for our work as we have endeavored to determine: 1) the underlying reproductive changes leading to the development of mammary gland tumors in the atrazine-exposed female rat; 2) the cascade of physiological events that are responsible for these changes (i.e., the mode of action for mammary tumors); 3) the potential cellular mechanisms involving adverse effects of atrazine; and 4) the range of reproductive alterations associated with this pesticide.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73329791" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db73862049e236837fce0f5897931972" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81891637,"asset_id":73329791,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81891637/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38968170" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MNarotsky">Michael G Narotsky</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38968170" type="text/json">{"id":38968170,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Narotsky","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MNarotsky","display_name":"Michael G Narotsky","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MNarotsky?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73329791 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73329791"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73329791, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73329791", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73329791]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73329791").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73329791").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73329791"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4559" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction">Reproduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4559" type="text/json">{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging">Aging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6791" type="text/json">{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73329791]'), work: {"id":73329791,"title":"Atrazine and reproductive function: mode and mechanism of action studies","created_at":"2022-03-08T09:04:24.532-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73329791/Atrazine_and_reproductive_function_mode_and_mechanism_of_action_studies?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_73329791","summary":"Atrazine, a chlorotriazine herbicide, is used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. In this review, we summarize our laboratory's work evaluating the neuroendocrine toxicity of atrazine (and related chlorotriazines) from an historic perspective. We provide the rationale for our work as we have endeavored to determine: 1) the underlying reproductive changes leading to the development of mammary gland tumors in the atrazine-exposed female rat; 2) the cascade of physiological events that are responsible for these changes (i.e., the mode of action for mammary tumors); 3) the potential cellular mechanisms involving adverse effects of atrazine; and 4) the range of reproductive alterations associated with this pesticide.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81891637,"asset_id":73329791,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38968170,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Narotsky","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MNarotsky","display_name":"Michael G Narotsky","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MNarotsky?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":95704,"name":"Hypothalamus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypothalamus?f_ri=64657"},{"id":98942,"name":"Ovulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovulation?f_ri=64657"},{"id":223073,"name":"Herbicides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbicides?f_ri=64657"},{"id":293670,"name":"Pituitary Gland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pituitary_Gland?f_ri=64657"},{"id":358428,"name":"Estrogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estrogens?f_ri=64657"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=64657"},{"id":725615,"name":"Mechanism of action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanism_of_action?f_ri=64657"},{"id":908084,"name":"Chlorine Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorine_Compounds?f_ri=64657"},{"id":974764,"name":"Sexual Maturation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Maturation?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1006670,"name":"Atrazine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atrazine?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1130425,"name":"Luteinizing Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luteinizing_Hormone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine?f_ri=64657"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73151130" data-work_id="73151130" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73151130/Hyperdopaminergia_in_schizophreniform_psychosis_A_chronobiological_study">Hyperdopaminergia in schizophreniform psychosis: A chronobiological study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Circadian rhythm abnormalities have been described in various psychiatric disorders, but they have not received much attention in studies of schizophrenia and schizophreniform psychosis. The present study used the cosine model to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73151130" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Circadian rhythm abnormalities have been described in various psychiatric disorders, but they have not received much attention in studies of schizophrenia and schizophreniform psychosis. The present study used the cosine model to determine the circadian patterns of amino acids, dopamine, and prolactin concentrations, which were analyzed over a 24-hour period in serum of healthy subjects, drug-free schizophrenic patients, and neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic patients. The mesor (the daily mean) of phenylalanine was lower in drug-free schizophrenic women than in healthy women. The mesors of the ratio of phenylalanine or tyrosine to competing amino acids were similar in healthy subjects and patients. The ratio of phenylalanine/competing amino acids showed a phase advance (i.e., earlier onset of the time of highest concentration) in drugfree patients compared with healthy subjects. Schizophrenic patients displayed a higher dopamine mesor than healthy subjects. Female drug-free schizophrenic patients had lower prolactin mesors and lower amplitudes (i.e., half of the total predictable change in rhythm) than healthy women. Compared with healthy subjects, schizophrenic patients showed a phase advance of circadian prolactin concentrations. Neuroleptics raised the prolactin mesor and amplitudes but did not elicit any phase change in amino acids, dopamine, or prolactin. These data confirm the indirect pharmacologic evidence of increased dopaminergic activity in schizophrenic patients that relates to dopamine's precursors and to the neuroendocrine regulation of prolactin.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73151130" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc3235f353fcbe7e43a9d97c6e6448f6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81783026,"asset_id":73151130,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81783026/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="187215961" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HalarisAngelos">Angelos Halaris</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="187215961" type="text/json">{"id":187215961,"first_name":"Angelos","last_name":"Halaris","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HalarisAngelos","display_name":"Angelos Halaris","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HalarisAngelos?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73151130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73151130"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73151130, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73151130", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73151130]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73151130").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73151130").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73151130"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="635" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="635" type="text/json">{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3227" type="text/json">{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73151130]'), work: {"id":73151130,"title":"Hyperdopaminergia in schizophreniform psychosis: A chronobiological study","created_at":"2022-03-05T18:47:45.879-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73151130/Hyperdopaminergia_in_schizophreniform_psychosis_A_chronobiological_study?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_73151130","summary":"Circadian rhythm abnormalities have been described in various psychiatric disorders, but they have not received much attention in studies of schizophrenia and schizophreniform psychosis. The present study used the cosine model to determine the circadian patterns of amino acids, dopamine, and prolactin concentrations, which were analyzed over a 24-hour period in serum of healthy subjects, drug-free schizophrenic patients, and neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic patients. The mesor (the daily mean) of phenylalanine was lower in drug-free schizophrenic women than in healthy women. The mesors of the ratio of phenylalanine or tyrosine to competing amino acids were similar in healthy subjects and patients. The ratio of phenylalanine/competing amino acids showed a phase advance (i.e., earlier onset of the time of highest concentration) in drugfree patients compared with healthy subjects. Schizophrenic patients displayed a higher dopamine mesor than healthy subjects. Female drug-free schizophrenic patients had lower prolactin mesors and lower amplitudes (i.e., half of the total predictable change in rhythm) than healthy women. Compared with healthy subjects, schizophrenic patients showed a phase advance of circadian prolactin concentrations. Neuroleptics raised the prolactin mesor and amplitudes but did not elicit any phase change in amino acids, dopamine, or prolactin. These data confirm the indirect pharmacologic evidence of increased dopaminergic activity in schizophrenic patients that relates to dopamine's precursors and to the neuroendocrine regulation of prolactin.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81783026,"asset_id":73151130,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":187215961,"first_name":"Angelos","last_name":"Halaris","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HalarisAngelos","display_name":"Angelos Halaris","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HalarisAngelos?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=64657"},{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine?f_ri=64657"},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":89121,"name":"Circadian Rhythm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circadian_Rhythm?f_ri=64657"},{"id":295928,"name":"Amino Acids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acids?f_ri=64657"},{"id":612870,"name":"Psychotic Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotic_Disorders?f_ri=64657"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71493832" data-work_id="71493832" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71493832/Galactorrhoea_following_acupuncture">Galactorrhoea following acupuncture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A 41-year-old woman with breast cancer was referred to the pain management clinic for a course of acupuncture for intense pain following a subcutaneous mastectomy and a latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction. She was treated with a standard... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71493832" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A 41-year-old woman with breast cancer was referred to the pain management clinic for a course of acupuncture for intense pain following a subcutaneous mastectomy and a latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction. She was treated with a standard course of acupuncture for breast pain, using paravertebral segmental points, trigger points, plus contralateral LI4 on the non-lymphoedematous arm. She experienced an episode of galactorrhoea six days following the first treatment and during the second treatment. She had not previously lactated for four years. CT and MRI of the brain revealed no focal abnormality. Acupuncture has been used in to promote lactation in the Traditional Chinese literature using the ‘Tianzong’ acupoint SI11. This acupoint coincided with a trigger point over infraspinatus that was included in the neurophysiologically based acupuncture treatment. Quantitative analysis has shown an increase in the production of prolactin and oxytocin following acupuncture. These hormones ar...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71493832" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9b3a221caf3f596eb3b70d628bd4ef65" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80812427,"asset_id":71493832,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80812427/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43715830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JacquelineFilshie">Jacqueline Filshie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43715830" type="text/json">{"id":43715830,"first_name":"Jacqueline","last_name":"Filshie","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JacquelineFilshie","display_name":"Jacqueline Filshie","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JacquelineFilshie?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71493832 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71493832"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71493832, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71493832", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71493832]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71493832").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71493832").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71493832"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer">Breast Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6802" type="text/json">{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71493832]'), work: {"id":71493832,"title":"Galactorrhoea following acupuncture","created_at":"2022-02-14T06:04:42.694-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71493832/Galactorrhoea_following_acupuncture?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_71493832","summary":"A 41-year-old woman with breast cancer was referred to the pain management clinic for a course of acupuncture for intense pain following a subcutaneous mastectomy and a latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction. She was treated with a standard course of acupuncture for breast pain, using paravertebral segmental points, trigger points, plus contralateral LI4 on the non-lymphoedematous arm. She experienced an episode of galactorrhoea six days following the first treatment and during the second treatment. She had not previously lactated for four years. CT and MRI of the brain revealed no focal abnormality. Acupuncture has been used in to promote lactation in the Traditional Chinese literature using the ‘Tianzong’ acupoint SI11. This acupoint coincided with a trigger point over infraspinatus that was included in the neurophysiologically based acupuncture treatment. Quantitative analysis has shown an increase in the production of prolactin and oxytocin following acupuncture. These hormones ar...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80812427,"asset_id":71493832,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43715830,"first_name":"Jacqueline","last_name":"Filshie","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JacquelineFilshie","display_name":"Jacqueline Filshie","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JacquelineFilshie?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":37434,"name":"Quantitative analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_analysis?f_ri=64657"},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=64657"},{"id":53735,"name":"Oxytocin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxytocin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":434050,"name":"Mammary gland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammary_gland?f_ri=64657"},{"id":641216,"name":"Quantitative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Analysis-1?f_ri=64657"},{"id":658397,"name":"Integrative Medicine/Acupuncture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrative_Medicine_Acupuncture?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1363315,"name":"Axilla","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axilla?f_ri=64657"},{"id":2847999,"name":"Breast Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Neoplasms?f_ri=64657"},{"id":3944501,"name":"Galactorrhea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galactorrhea?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13648893" data-work_id="13648893" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13648893/Serum_prolactin_levels_after_seizure_and_syncopal_attacks">Serum prolactin levels after seizure and syncopal attacks</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Loss of consciousness and falling are the key features of syncope. Common accompaniments include tonic and myoclonic muscle activity, eye deviations, automatisms, vocalizations and hallucinations that may render the distinction from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13648893" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Loss of consciousness and falling are the key features of syncope. Common accompaniments include tonic and myoclonic muscle activity, eye deviations, automatisms, vocalizations and hallucinations that may render the distinction from epileptic seizures difficult. The frequently increased levels of serum prolactin (SPRL) were observed immediately after generalized and complex partial seizures. Presumably, the hormone release is caused by the propagation of epileptic activity, usually from the temporal lobe to the hypothalamic pituitary axis. Numerous reports have demonstrated that the post-ictal SPRL level may be used to differentiate between epileptic and syncopal, non-epileptic attacks. In order to confirm the hypothesis, the SPRL levels were measured in patients with compex partial seizures (CPS) and patients with vaso-vagal syncopal attacks (VVS). The SPRL levels were prospectively measured for each patient as soon as possible after the event (within 1 hour), then 1 hour after the first determination and finally blood was sampled 24 hours later. During the study period (18 months), 18 patients with CPS and 15 patients with VVS were investigated in total. The mean values of SPRL levels in both groups were increased immediately after the event (CPS group: 1142 ± 305 mIU/l; VVS group: 874 ± 208 mIU/l). The elevated SPRL levels were found in 14 (78%) patients immediately after CPS and in 9 (60%) patients immediately after VVS. After examining the results of the present study we conclude that the elevated serum prolactin level after an epileptic attack is of no significant value in differential diagnosis between epileptic and vaso-vagal syncopal attacks.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13648893" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3f8b209c79eeca90efe43659c5da915a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45108987,"asset_id":13648893,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45108987/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32805117" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Vesna%C4%8Capkun">Vesna Čapkun</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32805117" type="text/json">{"id":32805117,"first_name":"Vesna","last_name":"Čapkun","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VesnaČapkun","display_name":"Vesna Čapkun","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Vesna%C4%8Capkun?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13648893 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13648893"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13648893, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13648893", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13648893]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13648893").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13648893").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13648893"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seizure">Seizure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51686" type="text/json">{"id":51686,"name":"Seizure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seizure?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57557" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Lobe">Temporal Lobe</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57557" type="text/json">{"id":57557,"name":"Temporal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Lobe?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13648893]'), work: {"id":13648893,"title":"Serum prolactin levels after seizure and syncopal attacks","created_at":"2015-07-05T04:50:07.929-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13648893/Serum_prolactin_levels_after_seizure_and_syncopal_attacks?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_13648893","summary":"Loss of consciousness and falling are the key features of syncope. Common accompaniments include tonic and myoclonic muscle activity, eye deviations, automatisms, vocalizations and hallucinations that may render the distinction from epileptic seizures difficult. The frequently increased levels of serum prolactin (SPRL) were observed immediately after generalized and complex partial seizures. Presumably, the hormone release is caused by the propagation of epileptic activity, usually from the temporal lobe to the hypothalamic pituitary axis. Numerous reports have demonstrated that the post-ictal SPRL level may be used to differentiate between epileptic and syncopal, non-epileptic attacks. In order to confirm the hypothesis, the SPRL levels were measured in patients with compex partial seizures (CPS) and patients with vaso-vagal syncopal attacks (VVS). The SPRL levels were prospectively measured for each patient as soon as possible after the event (within 1 hour), then 1 hour after the first determination and finally blood was sampled 24 hours later. During the study period (18 months), 18 patients with CPS and 15 patients with VVS were investigated in total. The mean values of SPRL levels in both groups were increased immediately after the event (CPS group: 1142 ± 305 mIU/l; VVS group: 874 ± 208 mIU/l). The elevated SPRL levels were found in 14 (78%) patients immediately after CPS and in 9 (60%) patients immediately after VVS. After examining the results of the present study we conclude that the elevated serum prolactin level after an epileptic attack is of no significant value in differential diagnosis between epileptic and vaso-vagal syncopal attacks.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45108987,"asset_id":13648893,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32805117,"first_name":"Vesna","last_name":"Čapkun","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VesnaČapkun","display_name":"Vesna Čapkun","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Vesna%C4%8Capkun?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":51686,"name":"Seizure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seizure?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":57557,"name":"Temporal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Lobe?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":162159,"name":"Differential Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Diagnosis?f_ri=64657"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":651604,"name":"Seizures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seizures?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1151938,"name":"Loss of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Loss_of_Consciousness?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1300379,"name":"Muscle Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscle_Activity?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81564598" data-work_id="81564598" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81564598/Galactorrhea_and_amenorrhea_in_burn_patients">Galactorrhea and amenorrhea in burn patients</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81564598" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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Amine Contents</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the episodic secretion of prolactin was studied in conscious freely moving adult rats. Prolactin secretion was pulsatile in all animals of either group during the bleeding period (from 10:30 h to 13:30... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68742748" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the episodic secretion of prolactin was studied in conscious freely moving adult rats. Prolactin secretion was pulsatile in all animals of either group during the bleeding period (from 10:30 h to 13:30 h). 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Prolactin secretion was pulsatile in all animals of either group during the bleeding period (from 10:30 h to 13:30 h). 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This antibody has been tested as an anti-idiotypic cancer vaccine, adjuvated in Al(OH) 3 , in several clinical trials for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1618799" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: 1E10 monoclonal antibody is a murine anti-idiotypic antibody that mimics N-glycolyl-GM3 gangliosides. This antibody has been tested as an anti-idiotypic cancer vaccine, adjuvated in Al(OH) 3 , in several clinical trials for melanoma, breast, and lung cancer. During early clinical development this mAb was obtained in vivo from mice ascites fluid. Currently, the production process of 1E10 is being transferred from the in vivo to a bioreactor-based method.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1618799" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="89543ec125fa59a9b421f220110dfb11" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30996688,"asset_id":1618799,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30996688/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="999193" href="https://sld.academia.edu/AdolfoCastillo">Adolfo Castillo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="999193" type="text/json">{"id":999193,"first_name":"Adolfo","last_name":"Castillo","domain_name":"sld","page_name":"AdolfoCastillo","display_name":"Adolfo Castillo","profile_url":"https://sld.academia.edu/AdolfoCastillo?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1618799 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1618799"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1618799, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1618799", }); 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This antibody has been tested as an anti-idiotypic cancer vaccine, adjuvated in Al(OH) 3 , in several clinical trials for melanoma, breast, and lung cancer. During early clinical development this mAb was obtained in vivo from mice ascites fluid. 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29629582/cDNA_Cloning_and_Developmental_Alterations_in_Gene_Expression_of_the_Two_Pit_1_GHF_1_Transcription_Factors_in_the_Chicken_Pituitary">cDNA Cloning and Developmental Alterations in Gene Expression of the Two Pit-1/GHF-1 Transcription Factors in the Chicken Pituitary</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Pit-1/GHF-1 (Pit-1) transcription factors promote the gene expressions for growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and the ␤ chain of thyroid-stimulating hormone in vertebrate pituitary glands. The present study analyzed the nature of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29629582" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Pit-1/GHF-1 (Pit-1) transcription factors promote the gene expressions for growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and the ␤ chain of thyroid-stimulating hormone in vertebrate pituitary glands. The present study analyzed the nature of chicken Pit-1s (cPit-1s) and their developmental expressions in the pituitary. Chicken pituitary expressed two cPit-1 mRNAs encoding cPit-1␣ and cPit-1␥ composed of 335 and 327 amino acid residues, respectively. They possessed different Nterminal regions and the common C-terminal regions containing a POU-specific domain and a POU homeodomain. Northern blot analysis revealed the pituitaryspecific expressions of these Pit-1 mRNAs, and the Pit-1␣ mRNA expressions were two to three times higher than those for Pit-1␥ in both cephalic and caudal lobes of the pituitary. The cPit-1␣ and ␥ mRNA expressions simultaneously increased after hatching until 4 weeks and then slightly decreased at 5 weeks. Similar gene expression profiles were observed for GH and PRL during the posthatch developmental period.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29629582" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="046e1c9b79bb9c427c1666465c8e4cd5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50067986,"asset_id":29629582,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50067986/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55676921" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TakeshiOhkubo">Takeshi Ohkubo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55676921" type="text/json">{"id":55676921,"first_name":"Takeshi","last_name":"Ohkubo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TakeshiOhkubo","display_name":"Takeshi Ohkubo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TakeshiOhkubo?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29629582 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29629582"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29629582, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29629582", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29629582]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29629582").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29629582").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29629582"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="167" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology">Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="167" type="text/json">{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23323" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factors">Transcription Factors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23323" type="text/json">{"id":23323,"name":"Transcription Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factors?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29629582]'), work: {"id":29629582,"title":"cDNA Cloning and Developmental Alterations in Gene Expression of the Two Pit-1/GHF-1 Transcription Factors in the Chicken Pituitary","created_at":"2016-11-02T17:13:14.725-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29629582/cDNA_Cloning_and_Developmental_Alterations_in_Gene_Expression_of_the_Two_Pit_1_GHF_1_Transcription_Factors_in_the_Chicken_Pituitary?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_29629582","summary":"Pit-1/GHF-1 (Pit-1) transcription factors promote the gene expressions for growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and the ␤ chain of thyroid-stimulating hormone in vertebrate pituitary glands. The present study analyzed the nature of chicken Pit-1s (cPit-1s) and their developmental expressions in the pituitary. Chicken pituitary expressed two cPit-1 mRNAs encoding cPit-1␣ and cPit-1␥ composed of 335 and 327 amino acid residues, respectively. They possessed different Nterminal regions and the common C-terminal regions containing a POU-specific domain and a POU homeodomain. Northern blot analysis revealed the pituitaryspecific expressions of these Pit-1 mRNAs, and the Pit-1␣ mRNA expressions were two to three times higher than those for Pit-1␥ in both cephalic and caudal lobes of the pituitary. The cPit-1␣ and ␥ mRNA expressions simultaneously increased after hatching until 4 weeks and then slightly decreased at 5 weeks. Similar gene expression profiles were observed for GH and PRL during the posthatch developmental period.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50067986,"asset_id":29629582,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55676921,"first_name":"Takeshi","last_name":"Ohkubo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TakeshiOhkubo","display_name":"Takeshi Ohkubo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TakeshiOhkubo?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":23323,"name":"Transcription Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factors?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":92684,"name":"Chicken","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chicken?f_ri=64657"},{"id":213901,"name":"Transcription Factor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factor?f_ri=64657"},{"id":293670,"name":"Pituitary Gland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pituitary_Gland?f_ri=64657"},{"id":295728,"name":"Molecular cloning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning?f_ri=64657"},{"id":310960,"name":"mRna expression levels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/mRna_expression_levels?f_ri=64657"},{"id":402759,"name":"Chickens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chickens?f_ri=64657"},{"id":494653,"name":"cDNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/cDNA?f_ri=64657"},{"id":585573,"name":"Amino Acid Profile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Profile?f_ri=64657"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=64657"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1186610,"name":"DNA binding proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_binding_proteins?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1250609,"name":"Thyroid Stimulating Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroid_Stimulating_Hormone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56824809" data-work_id="56824809" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56824809/Establishment_of_a_paediatric_age_related_reference_interval_for_the_measurement_of_urinary_total_fractionated_metanephrines">Establishment of a paediatric age-related reference interval for the measurement of urinary total fractionated metanephrines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction: Normetanephrine and metanephrine are intermediate metabolites of noradrenaline and adrenaline metabolism. To assess whether normetanephrine and metanephrine analysis may aid in the diagnosis of Neuroblastoma, a reference... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56824809" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction: Normetanephrine and metanephrine are intermediate metabolites of noradrenaline and adrenaline metabolism. To assess whether normetanephrine and metanephrine analysis may aid in the diagnosis of Neuroblastoma, a reference interval for these metabolites must first be established. Aim: The overall aim of this study was to establish a paediatric age-related reference interval for the measurement of total fractionated metanephrines. Methods: A total of 267 urine samples were analysed following acid hydrolysis. This releases the metanephrines from their sulphate-bound metabolites. The samples were analysed using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electro-chemical detection on a Gilson automated sequential trace enrichment of dialysate sample system. Results: Data were analysed using Minitab Release version 14. Outliers were removed using the Dixon/Reed one-third rule. Partitioning of the age groups was achieved using Harris and Boyd's standard normal deviate test. Non-parametric analysis of the data was performed, followed by the establishment of the 2.5th and the 97.5th reference limits. Conclusions: The established reference intervals are described in Table 2.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56824809" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f1832ea4b58704b268cdbc2d38ac9711" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72021460,"asset_id":56824809,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72021460/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3749039" href="https://ulster.academia.edu/WilliamTormey">William P Tormey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3749039" type="text/json">{"id":3749039,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Tormey","domain_name":"ulster","page_name":"WilliamTormey","display_name":"William P Tormey","profile_url":"https://ulster.academia.edu/WilliamTormey?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56824809 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56824809"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56824809, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56824809", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_56824809 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56824809; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_56824809"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_56824809 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56824809"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56824809; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56824809]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_56824809").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_56824809").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="56824809"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3243" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonparametric_Statistics">Nonparametric Statistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3243" type="text/json">{"id":3243,"name":"Nonparametric Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonparametric_Statistics?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51566" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine">Dopamine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51566" type="text/json">{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56824809]'), work: {"id":56824809,"title":"Establishment of a paediatric age-related reference interval for the measurement of urinary total fractionated metanephrines","created_at":"2021-10-09T12:22:19.253-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56824809/Establishment_of_a_paediatric_age_related_reference_interval_for_the_measurement_of_urinary_total_fractionated_metanephrines?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_56824809","summary":"Introduction: Normetanephrine and metanephrine are intermediate metabolites of noradrenaline and adrenaline metabolism. To assess whether normetanephrine and metanephrine analysis may aid in the diagnosis of Neuroblastoma, a reference interval for these metabolites must first be established. Aim: The overall aim of this study was to establish a paediatric age-related reference interval for the measurement of total fractionated metanephrines. Methods: A total of 267 urine samples were analysed following acid hydrolysis. This releases the metanephrines from their sulphate-bound metabolites. The samples were analysed using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electro-chemical detection on a Gilson automated sequential trace enrichment of dialysate sample system. Results: Data were analysed using Minitab Release version 14. Outliers were removed using the Dixon/Reed one-third rule. Partitioning of the age groups was achieved using Harris and Boyd's standard normal deviate test. Non-parametric analysis of the data was performed, followed by the establishment of the 2.5th and the 97.5th reference limits. Conclusions: The established reference intervals are described in Table 2.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72021460,"asset_id":56824809,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3749039,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Tormey","domain_name":"ulster","page_name":"WilliamTormey","display_name":"William P Tormey","profile_url":"https://ulster.academia.edu/WilliamTormey?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3243,"name":"Nonparametric Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonparametric_Statistics?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=64657"},{"id":71454,"name":"Epinephrine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epinephrine?f_ri=64657"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=64657"},{"id":194916,"name":"ROC Curve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ROC_Curve?f_ri=64657"},{"id":235189,"name":"Norepinephrine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norepinephrine?f_ri=64657"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=64657"},{"id":256805,"name":"Neuroblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroblastoma?f_ri=64657"},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=64657"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1423078,"name":"Nervous System Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nervous_System_Diseases?f_ri=64657"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=64657"},{"id":3789880,"name":"Medical biochemistry and metabolomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_biochemistry_and_metabolomics?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8948739" data-work_id="8948739" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8948739/Prolactin_levels_in_cerebrospinal_fluid_of_patients_with_infantile_spasms">Prolactin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with infantile spasms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Infantile spasms are an age-related epileptic syndrome of infancy and are characterized by the combination of clusters of epileptic spasms and specific electroencephalographic findings. The etiology and the pathogenesis of the disease is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8948739" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Infantile spasms are an age-related epileptic syndrome of infancy and are characterized by the combination of clusters of epileptic spasms and specific electroencephalographic findings. The etiology and the pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear. Prolactin has been thought to be specifically related to epileptic seizures. To investigate the possible mechanism of prolactin secretion in infantile spasms cerebrospinal fluid prolactin levels were examined. Fifteen patients with infantile spasms (10 females and five males), 3-16 months of age, were evaluated and compared with age-and sex-matched control subject. Cerebrospinal fluid samples for prolactin were obtained before and after treatment. The mean prolactin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients before therapy (3.25 ؎ 1.48 ng/mL) was higher than the control group (2.38 ؎ 0.89 ng/mL), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean prolactin level in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients after therapy (4.69 ؎ 1.47 ng/mL) was demonstrated to be higher than the mean prolactin level before therapy (3.25 ؎ 1.48 ng/mL) and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ‫؍‬ 0.037). Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid prolactin levels before and after treatment in patients with infantile spasms provided evidence that the cerebrospinal fluid prolactin level is related with neuronal injury.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8948739" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d108fb62db73134dfd4a0398c11f7914" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47940207,"asset_id":8948739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47940207/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19863189" href="https://gop.academia.edu/G%C3%9CL%C5%9EENK%C3%96SE">GÜLŞEN KÖSE</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19863189" type="text/json">{"id":19863189,"first_name":"GÜLŞEN","last_name":"KÖSE","domain_name":"gop","page_name":"GÜLŞENKÖSE","display_name":"GÜLŞEN KÖSE","profile_url":"https://gop.academia.edu/G%C3%9CL%C5%9EENK%C3%96SE?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19863189/5522296/6291649/s65_g_l_en.k_se.jpg_oh_45ff060824670fdeca2f6bdf828d2d23_oe_54f64505___gda___1425553310_6f488787772280eb170f1e23aa76df50"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8948739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8948739"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8948739, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8948739", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8948739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8948739; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8948739"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8948739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8948739"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8948739; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8948739]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8948739").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8948739").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8948739"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Neurology">Pediatric Neurology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37791" type="text/json">{"id":37791,"name":"Pediatric Neurology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Neurology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60971" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebrospinal_Fluid">Cerebrospinal Fluid</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60971" type="text/json">{"id":60971,"name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebrospinal_Fluid?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="125564" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance">Statistical Significance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="125564" type="text/json">{"id":125564,"name":"Statistical Significance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8948739]'), work: {"id":8948739,"title":"Prolactin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with infantile spasms","created_at":"2014-10-24T18:43:19.923-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8948739/Prolactin_levels_in_cerebrospinal_fluid_of_patients_with_infantile_spasms?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_8948739","summary":"Infantile spasms are an age-related epileptic syndrome of infancy and are characterized by the combination of clusters of epileptic spasms and specific electroencephalographic findings. The etiology and the pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear. Prolactin has been thought to be specifically related to epileptic seizures. To investigate the possible mechanism of prolactin secretion in infantile spasms cerebrospinal fluid prolactin levels were examined. Fifteen patients with infantile spasms (10 females and five males), 3-16 months of age, were evaluated and compared with age-and sex-matched control subject. Cerebrospinal fluid samples for prolactin were obtained before and after treatment. The mean prolactin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients before therapy (3.25 ؎ 1.48 ng/mL) was higher than the control group (2.38 ؎ 0.89 ng/mL), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P \u003c 0.001). The mean prolactin level in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients after therapy (4.69 ؎ 1.47 ng/mL) was demonstrated to be higher than the mean prolactin level before therapy (3.25 ؎ 1.48 ng/mL) and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ‫؍‬ 0.037). Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid prolactin levels before and after treatment in patients with infantile spasms provided evidence that the cerebrospinal fluid prolactin level is related with neuronal injury.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47940207,"asset_id":8948739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19863189,"first_name":"GÜLŞEN","last_name":"KÖSE","domain_name":"gop","page_name":"GÜLŞENKÖSE","display_name":"GÜLŞEN KÖSE","profile_url":"https://gop.academia.edu/G%C3%9CL%C5%9EENK%C3%96SE?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19863189/5522296/6291649/s65_g_l_en.k_se.jpg_oh_45ff060824670fdeca2f6bdf828d2d23_oe_54f64505___gda___1425553310_6f488787772280eb170f1e23aa76df50"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37791,"name":"Pediatric Neurology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Neurology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":60971,"name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebrospinal_Fluid?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":125564,"name":"Statistical Significance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18079361" data-work_id="18079361" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18079361/Spontaneous_hormonal_variations_in_male_cats_following_gonadectomy">Spontaneous hormonal variations in male cats following gonadectomy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The increased prevalence of obesity after neutering in cats is problematic in veterinary practice. Although many factors seem to be involved, the role of prolactin (PRL) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), both implicated in adipose... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18079361" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The increased prevalence of obesity after neutering in cats is problematic in veterinary practice. Although many factors seem to be involved, the role of prolactin (PRL) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), both implicated in adipose tissue development and glucose intolerance, should be considered. Seven male cats were castrated when 11 months old. Body weight was then recorded for 56 weeks and PRL, IGF-I and leptin assayed for 44 weeks. Body weight increased steadily but only significantly after 36 weeks. It stabilised after 44 weeks, and the cats then gained about 20% of their initial body weight. IGF-I increased rapidly and was significantly higher by week 3. PRL and leptin increased with initial peaks during the eighth and eleventh weeks, respectively. This study confirms that castration rapidly modifies the hormonal balance, partly explaining the body weight increase, and that hormonal changes precede this body weight increase. Hyperleptinaemia is apparently a consequence of excess weight.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18079361" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="66c10a74309cd085509c49196d0c17e3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39864585,"asset_id":18079361,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39864585/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38030446" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucileMartin1">Lucile Martin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38030446" type="text/json">{"id":38030446,"first_name":"Lucile","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LucileMartin1","display_name":"Lucile Martin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucileMartin1?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18079361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18079361"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18079361, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18079361", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18079361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18079361; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18079361"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18079361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18079361"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18079361; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18079361]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18079361").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18079361").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18079361"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3851" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity">Obesity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3851" type="text/json">{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cats">Cats</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41088" type="text/json">{"id":41088,"name":"Cats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cats?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52489" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue">Adipose tissue</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52489" type="text/json">{"id":52489,"name":"Adipose tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18079361]'), work: {"id":18079361,"title":"Spontaneous hormonal variations in male cats following gonadectomy","created_at":"2015-11-10T06:14:43.384-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18079361/Spontaneous_hormonal_variations_in_male_cats_following_gonadectomy?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_18079361","summary":"The increased prevalence of obesity after neutering in cats is problematic in veterinary practice. Although many factors seem to be involved, the role of prolactin (PRL) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), both implicated in adipose tissue development and glucose intolerance, should be considered. Seven male cats were castrated when 11 months old. Body weight was then recorded for 56 weeks and PRL, IGF-I and leptin assayed for 44 weeks. Body weight increased steadily but only significantly after 36 weeks. It stabilised after 44 weeks, and the cats then gained about 20% of their initial body weight. IGF-I increased rapidly and was significantly higher by week 3. PRL and leptin increased with initial peaks during the eighth and eleventh weeks, respectively. This study confirms that castration rapidly modifies the hormonal balance, partly explaining the body weight increase, and that hormonal changes precede this body weight increase. Hyperleptinaemia is apparently a consequence of excess weight.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39864585,"asset_id":18079361,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38030446,"first_name":"Lucile","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LucileMartin1","display_name":"Lucile Martin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucileMartin1?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":41088,"name":"Cats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cats?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":52489,"name":"Adipose tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":71845,"name":"Castration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castration?f_ri=64657"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=64657"},{"id":564878,"name":"Body Weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Weight?f_ri=64657"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1141692,"name":"Weight Gain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Gain?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1161028,"name":"Glucose Intolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucose_Intolerance?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32133131" data-work_id="32133131" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32133131/Calcifications_in_Ovary_and_Endometrium_and_Their_Neoplasms">Calcifications in Ovary and Endometrium and Their Neoplasms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study, we investigated the role of hormones in the pathogenesis of calcifications in ovary and in endometrium and their neoplasms of the gynecologic tract and assessed the anatomic location and incidence of these calcifications.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32133131" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study, we investigated the role of hormones in the pathogenesis of calcifications in ovary and in endometrium and their neoplasms of the gynecologic tract and assessed the anatomic location and incidence of these calcifications. The study consists of three parts designed to investigate the pathogenesis, the location, and the incidence of calcifications in ovary and endometrium and their neoplasms. In the first part, 79 female guinea pigs were divided into 10 groups, and different hormones, given weekly for 12 months, were administered to the guinea pigs by group. A control group of 7 guinea pigs received sterile water. Calcifications developed in 5 of 7 guinea pigs treated with prolactin, 10 of 20 treated with human chorionic gonadotropin, 5 of 11 treated with estradiol, 3 of 7 treated with estrone, 1 of 6 treated with growth hormone, and 1 of 10 treated with testosterone; in 20 of the guinea pigs, the calcifications developed in the stroma of the endometrium, and in 5 guinea pigs, they developed in the ovary. The second part of the study consisted of an evaluation of the specific location of calcifications in 43 consecutive human surgical ovaries and endometria. Calcifications were seen only in the stroma in 100% of the ovarian serous adenofibroma specimens; in ovarian serous borderline neoplasms, the stroma contained 70 to 100% of the calcifications, and the epithelium had 0 to 30% of the calcifications. In ovarian serous carcinoma specimens, the calcifications were seen in the stroma in 50 to 60% of the cases, in the epithelium in 40% of the cases, and in areas of necrosis in 10% of the cases.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32133131" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c3a543a9da4987f6f14df681978c506" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52376071,"asset_id":32133131,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52376071/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62225014" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelDeavers">Michael Deavers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62225014" type="text/json">{"id":62225014,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Deavers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelDeavers","display_name":"Michael Deavers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelDeavers?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32133131 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32133131"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32133131, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32133131", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32133131]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32133131").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32133131").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32133131"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12069" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histology">Histology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12069" type="text/json">{"id":12069,"name":"Histology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14034" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Biochemistry">Clinical Biochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14034" type="text/json">{"id":14034,"name":"Clinical Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Biochemistry?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24731" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis">Apoptosis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24731" type="text/json">{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32133131]'), work: {"id":32133131,"title":"Calcifications in Ovary and Endometrium and Their Neoplasms","created_at":"2017-03-29T19:37:43.951-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32133131/Calcifications_in_Ovary_and_Endometrium_and_Their_Neoplasms?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_32133131","summary":"In this study, we investigated the role of hormones in the pathogenesis of calcifications in ovary and in endometrium and their neoplasms of the gynecologic tract and assessed the anatomic location and incidence of these calcifications. The study consists of three parts designed to investigate the pathogenesis, the location, and the incidence of calcifications in ovary and endometrium and their neoplasms. In the first part, 79 female guinea pigs were divided into 10 groups, and different hormones, given weekly for 12 months, were administered to the guinea pigs by group. A control group of 7 guinea pigs received sterile water. Calcifications developed in 5 of 7 guinea pigs treated with prolactin, 10 of 20 treated with human chorionic gonadotropin, 5 of 11 treated with estradiol, 3 of 7 treated with estrone, 1 of 6 treated with growth hormone, and 1 of 10 treated with testosterone; in 20 of the guinea pigs, the calcifications developed in the stroma of the endometrium, and in 5 guinea pigs, they developed in the ovary. The second part of the study consisted of an evaluation of the specific location of calcifications in 43 consecutive human surgical ovaries and endometria. Calcifications were seen only in the stroma in 100% of the ovarian serous adenofibroma specimens; in ovarian serous borderline neoplasms, the stroma contained 70 to 100% of the calcifications, and the epithelium had 0 to 30% of the calcifications. In ovarian serous carcinoma specimens, the calcifications were seen in the stroma in 50 to 60% of the cases, in the epithelium in 40% of the cases, and in areas of necrosis in 10% of the cases.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52376071,"asset_id":32133131,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62225014,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Deavers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelDeavers","display_name":"Michael Deavers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelDeavers?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":12069,"name":"Histology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":14034,"name":"Clinical Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Biochemistry?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":41839,"name":"Clinical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Chemistry?f_ri=64657"},{"id":50991,"name":"Cytogenetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytogenetics?f_ri=64657"},{"id":52562,"name":"Growth Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Hormone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":69056,"name":"Testosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testosterone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":104853,"name":"Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hormones?f_ri=64657"},{"id":125569,"name":"Surgical Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgical_Pathology?f_ri=64657"},{"id":151450,"name":"Modern","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern?f_ri=64657"},{"id":177876,"name":"Sterilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterilization?f_ri=64657"},{"id":285789,"name":"Tamoxifen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tamoxifen?f_ri=64657"},{"id":375133,"name":"Calcinosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcinosis?f_ri=64657"},{"id":869175,"name":"Ovary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovary?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1246876,"name":"Endometrium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endometrium?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1295208,"name":"Estradiol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estradiol?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1512057,"name":"Dihydrotestosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dihydrotestosterone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=64657"},{"id":2444858,"name":"estrone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/estrone?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18531329" data-work_id="18531329" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18531329/Health_Effects_of_Depleted_Uranium_on_Exposed_Gulf_War_Veterans">Health Effects of Depleted Uranium on Exposed Gulf War Veterans</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A small group of Gulf War veterans possess retained fragments of depleted uranium (DU) shrapnel, the long-term health consequences of which are undetermined. We evaluated the clinical health effects of DU exposure in Gulf War veterans... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18531329" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A small group of Gulf War veterans possess retained fragments of depleted uranium (DU) shrapnel, the long-term health consequences of which are undetermined. We evaluated the clinical health effects of DU exposure in Gulf War veterans compared with nonexposed Gulf War veterans. History and follow-up medical examination were performed on 29 exposed veterans and 38 nonexposed veterans. Outcome measures employed were urinary uranium determinations, clinical laboratory values, and psychiatric and neurocognitive assessment. DU-exposed Gulf War veterans with retained metal shrapnel fragments are excreting elevated levels of urinary uranium 7 years after first exposure (range 0.01-30.7 microg/g creatinine vs 0.01- 0.05 microg/g creatinine in the nonexposed). The persistence of the elevated urine uranium suggests on-going mobilization from a storage depot which results in a chronic systemic exposure. Adverse effects in the kidney, a presumed target organ, are not present at this time, though other effects are observed. Neurocognitive examinations demonstrated a statistical relationship between urine uranium levels and lowered performance on computerized tests assessing performance efficiency. Elevated urinary uranium was statistically related to a high prolactin level (&amp;gt;1.6 ng/ml; P=0.04). More than 7 years after first exposure, DU-exposed Gulf War veterans with retained metal fragments continue to excrete elevated concentrations of urinary uranium. Effects related to this are subtle perturbations in the reproductive and central nervous systems.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18531329" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eef4d13ff4255c11b26e491d4d0f1195" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42160903,"asset_id":18531329,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42160903/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38563097" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidJacobsonkram">David Jacobson-kram</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38563097" type="text/json">{"id":38563097,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Jacobson-kram","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidJacobsonkram","display_name":"David Jacobson-kram","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidJacobsonkram?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18531329 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18531329"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18531329, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18531329", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18531329]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18531329").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18531329").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18531329"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War">War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41861" type="text/json">{"id":41861,"name":"War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43520" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East">Middle East</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43520" type="text/json">{"id":43520,"name":"Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18531329]'), work: {"id":18531329,"title":"Health Effects of Depleted Uranium on Exposed Gulf War Veterans","created_at":"2015-11-17T13:08:53.764-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18531329/Health_Effects_of_Depleted_Uranium_on_Exposed_Gulf_War_Veterans?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_18531329","summary":"A small group of Gulf War veterans possess retained fragments of depleted uranium (DU) shrapnel, the long-term health consequences of which are undetermined. We evaluated the clinical health effects of DU exposure in Gulf War veterans compared with nonexposed Gulf War veterans. History and follow-up medical examination were performed on 29 exposed veterans and 38 nonexposed veterans. Outcome measures employed were urinary uranium determinations, clinical laboratory values, and psychiatric and neurocognitive assessment. DU-exposed Gulf War veterans with retained metal shrapnel fragments are excreting elevated levels of urinary uranium 7 years after first exposure (range 0.01-30.7 microg/g creatinine vs 0.01- 0.05 microg/g creatinine in the nonexposed). The persistence of the elevated urine uranium suggests on-going mobilization from a storage depot which results in a chronic systemic exposure. Adverse effects in the kidney, a presumed target organ, are not present at this time, though other effects are observed. Neurocognitive examinations demonstrated a statistical relationship between urine uranium levels and lowered performance on computerized tests assessing performance efficiency. Elevated urinary uranium was statistically related to a high prolactin level (\u0026amp;gt;1.6 ng/ml; P=0.04). More than 7 years after first exposure, DU-exposed Gulf War veterans with retained metal fragments continue to excrete elevated concentrations of urinary uranium. Effects related to this are subtle perturbations in the reproductive and central nervous systems.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42160903,"asset_id":18531329,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38563097,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Jacobson-kram","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidJacobsonkram","display_name":"David Jacobson-kram","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidJacobsonkram?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":41861,"name":"War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":43520,"name":"Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":82121,"name":"Uranium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uranium?f_ri=64657"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=64657"},{"id":117019,"name":"Veterans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterans?f_ri=64657"},{"id":147195,"name":"Central Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Nervous_System?f_ri=64657"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=64657"},{"id":396914,"name":"Occupational Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Exposure?f_ri=64657"},{"id":405639,"name":"Toxic Metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxic_Metals?f_ri=64657"},{"id":662481,"name":"Depleted Uranium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depleted_Uranium?f_ri=64657"},{"id":997161,"name":"Health Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Effect?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1031658,"name":"Wounds and Injuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wounds_and_Injuries?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1114258,"name":"Level","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Level?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_930761" data-work_id="930761" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/930761/Effect_of_prolactin_on_the_prostate">Effect of prolactin on the prostate</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/930761" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e683a0beea0de3520872fc5c5f78b0e" rel="nofollow" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/29762864/Pituitary_Gonadotropin_Releasing_Hormone_Receptors_on_Proestrus_Effect_of_Pentobarbital_Blockade_of_Ovulation_in_the_Rat_">Pituitary Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors on Proestrus: Effect of Pentobarbital Blockade of Ovulation in the Rat*</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Abbreviations used in this paper: BSA, bovine serum albumin; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone. 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Invest.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29762864" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0baa0d711165c196af44bdbfa8fa4940" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50215482,"asset_id":29762864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50215482/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47924955" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NeenaSchwartz">Neena Schwartz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47924955" type="text/json">{"id":47924955,"first_name":"Neena","last_name":"Schwartz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NeenaSchwartz","display_name":"Neena Schwartz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NeenaSchwartz?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29762864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29762864"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29762864, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29762864", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactation">Lactation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19826" type="text/json">{"id":19826,"name":"Lactation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactation?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27336" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France">France</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27336" type="text/json">{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161090" rel="nofollow" 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Descotes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JacquesDescotes?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44504870/18787435/18747729/s65_jacques.descotes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":19826,"name":"Lactation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactation?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":161090,"name":"Ergot Alkaloids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ergot_Alkaloids?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1634613,"name":"Bromocriptine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bromocriptine?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13272043" data-work_id="13272043" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13272043/Role_of_steroid_hormones_and_prolactin_in_canine_mammary_cancer">Role of steroid hormones and prolactin in canine mammary cancer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In several animal studies, prolactin has been found to be essential for mammary epithelial development, and its administration has been consistently shown to increase the rate of mammary tumours. High levels of steroid hormones have also... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13272043" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In several animal studies, prolactin has been found to be essential for mammary epithelial development, and its administration has been consistently shown to increase the rate of mammary tumours. High levels of steroid hormones have also been suggested to enhance mammary cancer development. The present study investigates the levels of the following hormones in serum and in tissue homogenates in dogs bearing canine mammary tumours: prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P4), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T), 17␤-estradiol (17␤-E2) and estrone sulfate (S04E1). Eighty mammary tumours (40 dysplasias and benign and 40 malignant tumours) from 32 female dogs, and 10 normal mammary glands from eight female dogs without history of mammary tumours, were analysed. Prolactin and steroid hormones in serum and tissue homogenates, were analysed by enzyme immunoassays (EIA) techniques, previously validated for this animal species. Levels of prolactin in tissue homogenates were significantly different between malignant and benign mammary tumours (p < 0.01). Serum prolactin concentrations were lower in the control group as compared with the group of dogs with benign tumours and in dogs with malignant tumours (p = 0.01). Serum prolactin levels in dogs with benign lesions were not significantly different than those obtained from dogs with malignant tumours. Levels of steroid hormones were significantly higher in malignant tumours compared with the benign tumours and normal mammary glands (p < 0.01) both in serum and homogenate determinations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13272043" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6c089af8d87deef291f3f0d02accb1ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45716353,"asset_id":13272043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45716353/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32526434" href="https://utad.academia.edu/FelisbinaQueiroga">Felisbina Queiroga</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32526434" type="text/json">{"id":32526434,"first_name":"Felisbina","last_name":"Queiroga","domain_name":"utad","page_name":"FelisbinaQueiroga","display_name":"Felisbina Queiroga","profile_url":"https://utad.academia.edu/FelisbinaQueiroga?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13272043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13272043"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13272043, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13272043", }); 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High levels of steroid hormones have also been suggested to enhance mammary cancer development. The present study investigates the levels of the following hormones in serum and in tissue homogenates in dogs bearing canine mammary tumours: prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P4), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T), 17␤-estradiol (17␤-E2) and estrone sulfate (S04E1). Eighty mammary tumours (40 dysplasias and benign and 40 malignant tumours) from 32 female dogs, and 10 normal mammary glands from eight female dogs without history of mammary tumours, were analysed. Prolactin and steroid hormones in serum and tissue homogenates, were analysed by enzyme immunoassays (EIA) techniques, previously validated for this animal species. Levels of prolactin in tissue homogenates were significantly different between malignant and benign mammary tumours (p \u003c 0.01). Serum prolactin concentrations were lower in the control group as compared with the group of dogs with benign tumours and in dogs with malignant tumours (p = 0.01). Serum prolactin levels in dogs with benign lesions were not significantly different than those obtained from dogs with malignant tumours. Levels of steroid hormones were significantly higher in malignant tumours compared with the benign tumours and normal mammary glands (p \u003c 0.01) both in serum and homogenate determinations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45716353,"asset_id":13272043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32526434,"first_name":"Felisbina","last_name":"Queiroga","domain_name":"utad","page_name":"FelisbinaQueiroga","display_name":"Felisbina Queiroga","profile_url":"https://utad.academia.edu/FelisbinaQueiroga?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3233,"name":"Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Studies?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":52438,"name":"Dogs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dogs?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":115898,"name":"Androgens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Androgens?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":358428,"name":"Estrogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estrogens?f_ri=64657"},{"id":434050,"name":"Mammary gland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammary_gland?f_ri=64657"},{"id":564491,"name":"Dehydroepiandrosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dehydroepiandrosterone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=64657"},{"id":2352882,"name":"Androstenedione","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Androstenedione?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14124874" data-work_id="14124874" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14124874/Induction_of_cloacal_and_dermal_skin_glands_of_tiger_salamander_larvae_Ambystoma_tigrinum_Effects_of_testosterone_and_prolactin">Induction of cloacal and dermal skin glands of tiger salamander larvae, (Ambystoma tigrinum): Effects of testosterone and prolactin</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Treatment of male and female tiger salamander larvae with testosterone (0.3 I*g/g body weight/day) induced precocious formation of ventral cloaca1 glands and stimulated proliferation and differentiation of mucous and granular (serous)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14124874" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Treatment of male and female tiger salamander larvae with testosterone (0.3 I*g/g body weight/day) induced precocious formation of ventral cloaca1 glands and stimulated proliferation and differentiation of mucous and granular (serous) glands in the ventral dermis of the shin. Lower doses of testosterone produced no visible glandular effects but did cause hyperemia and edema in the cloacal region. Prolactin (0.5 t&g body weight/day) enhanced the action of testosterone on the cloaca1 glands, increasing both the amount of gland induced and the degree of glandular secretion. There was no apparent effect of prolactin alone on cloacal glands or any effect of prolactin with or without testosterone on the dermal glands. The possible homology of the amphibian ventral cloacal gland to the mammalian prostate gland is discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14124874" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="99f418712deb774d9956aedbcd46ab2f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44581319,"asset_id":14124874,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44581319/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33121847" href="https://csuglobal.academia.edu/HarrietAustin">Harriet Austin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33121847" type="text/json">{"id":33121847,"first_name":"Harriet","last_name":"Austin","domain_name":"csuglobal","page_name":"HarrietAustin","display_name":"Harriet Austin","profile_url":"https://csuglobal.academia.edu/HarrietAustin?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14124874 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14124874"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14124874, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14124874", }); 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Lower doses of testosterone produced no visible glandular effects but did cause hyperemia and edema in the cloacal region. Prolactin (0.5 t\u0026g body weight/day) enhanced the action of testosterone on the cloaca1 glands, increasing both the amount of gland induced and the degree of glandular secretion. There was no apparent effect of prolactin alone on cloacal glands or any effect of prolactin with or without testosterone on the dermal glands. The possible homology of the amphibian ventral cloacal gland to the mammalian prostate gland is discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44581319,"asset_id":14124874,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33121847,"first_name":"Harriet","last_name":"Austin","domain_name":"csuglobal","page_name":"HarrietAustin","display_name":"Harriet Austin","profile_url":"https://csuglobal.academia.edu/HarrietAustin?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":38650,"name":"Cell Division","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Division?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":60436,"name":"Cell Differentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":69056,"name":"Testosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testosterone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":162553,"name":"Skin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":442493,"name":"Larva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Larva?f_ri=64657"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1031909,"name":"Ambystoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ambystoma?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21476805" data-work_id="21476805" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21476805/Protein_kinase_C_and_mammary_cell_differentiation_involvement_of_protein_kinase_C_alpha_in_the_induction_of_beta_casein_expression">Protein kinase C and mammary cell differentiation: involvement of protein kinase C alpha in the induction of beta-casein expression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Treatment of HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells with the lactogenic hormones dexamethasone, insulin, and prolactin (DIP) leads to cellular differentiation and production of the milk protein beta-casein. The following experimental... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21476805" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Treatment of HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells with the lactogenic hormones dexamethasone, insulin, and prolactin (DIP) leads to cellular differentiation and production of the milk protein beta-casein. The following experimental evidence suggests the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in DIP induced signal transduction. Down-regulation of PKC by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or addition of CGP 41251, a selective inhibitor of PKC, inhibited beta-casein protein expression induced by DIP in HC11 cells. This inhibition occurs at the level of transcription, since the DIP mediated activation of a beta-casein promoter-luciferase reporter construct or of mammary gland specific factor (MGF), an essential transcription factor for beta-casein promoter activity, was also inhibited by CGP 41251. Inhibition or down-regulation of PKC reduced the activation of MGF by prolactin as well. PKC-alpha, the only conventional PKC isoform expressed in HC11 cells, is most likely involved in the D...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21476805" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="08d031347146777aa57c630a040ed101" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41900663,"asset_id":21476805,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41900663/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42555994" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SStabel">S. 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The following experimental evidence suggests the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in DIP induced signal transduction. Down-regulation of PKC by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or addition of CGP 41251, a selective inhibitor of PKC, inhibited beta-casein protein expression induced by DIP in HC11 cells. This inhibition occurs at the level of transcription, since the DIP mediated activation of a beta-casein promoter-luciferase reporter construct or of mammary gland specific factor (MGF), an essential transcription factor for beta-casein promoter activity, was also inhibited by CGP 41251. Inhibition or down-regulation of PKC reduced the activation of MGF by prolactin as well. PKC-alpha, the only conventional PKC isoform expressed in HC11 cells, is most likely involved in the D...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41900663,"asset_id":21476805,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42555994,"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Stabel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SStabel","display_name":"S. Stabel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SStabel?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":57801,"name":"Dexamethasone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dexamethasone?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":60436,"name":"Cell Differentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":71400,"name":"Insulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insulin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=64657"},{"id":161562,"name":"Alkaloids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alkaloids?f_ri=64657"},{"id":376494,"name":"Epithelium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epithelium?f_ri=64657"},{"id":379416,"name":"Epithelial cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epithelial_cells?f_ri=64657"},{"id":437728,"name":"Isoenzymes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isoenzymes?f_ri=64657"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=64657"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=64657"},{"id":966077,"name":"Staurosporine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Staurosporine?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1763968,"name":"Gene Expression Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Regulation?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1954130,"name":"Cell Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Growth?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16696117 coauthored" data-work_id="16696117" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16696117/D2_and_5HT2A_receptor_occupancy_of_different_doses_of_quetiapine_in_schizophrenia_a_PET_study">D2 and 5HT2A receptor occupancy of different doses of quetiapine in schizophrenia: a PET study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Quetiapine is a novel antipsychotic agent with many atypical features, including low D(2) and higher 5HT(2A) affinity in vitro, low propensity to induce extra-pyramidal side effects and minimal effects on prolactin levels. The purpose of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16696117" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Quetiapine is a novel antipsychotic agent with many atypical features, including low D(2) and higher 5HT(2A) affinity in vitro, low propensity to induce extra-pyramidal side effects and minimal effects on prolactin levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate, using positron emission tomography (PET), the relationship between plasma concentrations of different doses of quetiapine and occupancy of D(2) and 5HT(2A) receptors in schizophrenic patients. Five patients were treated with quetiapine (titrated to 750 or 450 mg/day) for 28 days, subsequently reduced weekly in a descending-dose schedule. Dopamine D(2) and 5HT(2A) occupancies were determined using [(11)C] raclopride and [(11)C] N-methylspiperone as ligands, respectively, and PET imaging. Mean D(2) receptor occupancies of 41 and 30% were observed at quetiapine doses of 750 and 450 mg/day. At lower dose levels no occupancy could be determined. Quetiapine induced a consistently higher degree of 5HT(2A) receptor occupancy, with mean occupancies of 74 and 57% at doses of 750 and 450 mg/day, respectively. No EPS emerged during the trial and most of the pre-trial EPS resolved during the study. In clinically effective doses, quetiapine induced low occupancy at D(2) receptors, which is consistent with atypical antipsychotics such as clozapine, and probably explains the lack of EPS observed in this trial. Correlations between receptor occupancy and plasma concentrations of quetiapine could not be calculated, although receptor occupancy increased with higher plasma concentrations for the 450 and 750 mg doses.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16696117" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="79208dd94395bdce32e80e36aba798e3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42414638,"asset_id":16696117,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42414638/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36225137" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IWieselgren">I. Wieselgren</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36225137" type="text/json">{"id":36225137,"first_name":"I.","last_name":"Wieselgren","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IWieselgren","display_name":"I. 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The purpose of this study was to investigate, using positron emission tomography (PET), the relationship between plasma concentrations of different doses of quetiapine and occupancy of D(2) and 5HT(2A) receptors in schizophrenic patients. Five patients were treated with quetiapine (titrated to 750 or 450 mg/day) for 28 days, subsequently reduced weekly in a descending-dose schedule. Dopamine D(2) and 5HT(2A) occupancies were determined using [(11)C] raclopride and [(11)C] N-methylspiperone as ligands, respectively, and PET imaging. Mean D(2) receptor occupancies of 41 and 30% were observed at quetiapine doses of 750 and 450 mg/day. At lower dose levels no occupancy could be determined. Quetiapine induced a consistently higher degree of 5HT(2A) receptor occupancy, with mean occupancies of 74 and 57% at doses of 750 and 450 mg/day, respectively. No EPS emerged during the trial and most of the pre-trial EPS resolved during the study. In clinically effective doses, quetiapine induced low occupancy at D(2) receptors, which is consistent with atypical antipsychotics such as clozapine, and probably explains the lack of EPS observed in this trial. Correlations between receptor occupancy and plasma concentrations of quetiapine could not be calculated, although receptor occupancy increased with higher plasma concentrations for the 450 and 750 mg doses.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42414638,"asset_id":16696117,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36225137,"first_name":"I.","last_name":"Wieselgren","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IWieselgren","display_name":"I. 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However, with respect to sex and sex-related hormones research has mainly focused on testosterone and estradiol. Serum concentration... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72289756" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Alterations in hormone levels during aging have been shown to impact on cognitive functioning and mood. However, with respect to sex and sex-related hormones research has mainly focused on testosterone and estradiol. Serum concentration levels of testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating Q2 hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and prolactin (PRL) were assessed at fasting in 120 community-dwellers (51+ years of age, males and females), in a crosssectional approach. An extensive battery of neurocognitive/psychological and quality of life instruments was administered. Performance clusters based on executive functioning (GENEXEC), memory (MEM), mood and well-being (sleep, quality of life and nutritional status) measures were obtained. In males, higher PRL levels were associated with worse cognitive performance, lower well-being scores, and higher scores in depression scales. Additionally, E2 levels were significantly lower in individuals with higher depressive mood and poorer cognitive functioning. Linear regression analyses revealed that in males DHEAS is positively associated with GENEXEC and MEM, after adjustment of the remaining hormones and socio demographic variables. Higher PRL levels were associated with higher depressive mood and lower well-being. Nutritional status was significantly associated with PRL (positively) and with DHEAS (negatively). These findings indicate that besides the more exhaustively studied impact of E2 and TT on cognition and depression, variations in the levels of sex-related hormones such as PRL, FSH, LH and DHEAS are of interest for the mental health aging profile.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72289756" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b72b6bb49e753d3a4fd00e6a08fc289d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81276099,"asset_id":72289756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81276099/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="293171" href="https://up-pt.academia.edu/Patr%C3%ADcioCosta">Patrício Costa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="293171" type="text/json">{"id":293171,"first_name":"Patrício","last_name":"Costa","domain_name":"up-pt","page_name":"PatrícioCosta","display_name":"Patrício Costa","profile_url":"https://up-pt.academia.edu/Patr%C3%ADcioCosta?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/293171/133417/155316/s65_patr_cio.costa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72289756 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72289756"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72289756, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72289756", }); 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However, with respect to sex and sex-related hormones research has mainly focused on testosterone and estradiol. Serum concentration levels of testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating Q2 hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and prolactin (PRL) were assessed at fasting in 120 community-dwellers (51+ years of age, males and females), in a crosssectional approach. An extensive battery of neurocognitive/psychological and quality of life instruments was administered. Performance clusters based on executive functioning (GENEXEC), memory (MEM), mood and well-being (sleep, quality of life and nutritional status) measures were obtained. In males, higher PRL levels were associated with worse cognitive performance, lower well-being scores, and higher scores in depression scales. Additionally, E2 levels were significantly lower in individuals with higher depressive mood and poorer cognitive functioning. Linear regression analyses revealed that in males DHEAS is positively associated with GENEXEC and MEM, after adjustment of the remaining hormones and socio demographic variables. Higher PRL levels were associated with higher depressive mood and lower well-being. Nutritional status was significantly associated with PRL (positively) and with DHEAS (negatively). These findings indicate that besides the more exhaustively studied impact of E2 and TT on cognition and depression, variations in the levels of sex-related hormones such as PRL, FSH, LH and DHEAS are of interest for the mental health aging profile.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81276099,"asset_id":72289756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":293171,"first_name":"Patrício","last_name":"Costa","domain_name":"up-pt","page_name":"PatrícioCosta","display_name":"Patrício Costa","profile_url":"https://up-pt.academia.edu/Patr%C3%ADcioCosta?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/293171/133417/155316/s65_patr_cio.costa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":225,"name":"Biological Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":1907,"name":"Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=64657"},{"id":46858,"name":"Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory?f_ri=64657"},{"id":50238,"name":"Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affect?f_ri=64657"},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":192551,"name":"Nutritional Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutritional_Status?f_ri=64657"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1130425,"name":"Luteinizing Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luteinizing_Hormone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1157423,"name":"Personal Satisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_Satisfaction?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1295208,"name":"Estradiol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estradiol?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1310139,"name":"Follicle stimulating hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follicle_stimulating_hormone?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5905872" data-work_id="5905872" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5905872/No_association_between_oxytocin_or_prolactin_gene_variants_and_childhood_onset_mood_disorders">No association between oxytocin or prolactin gene variants and childhood-onset mood disorders</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background-Oxytocin (OXT) and prolactin (PRL) are neuropeptide hormones that interact with the serotonin system and are involved in the stress response and social affiliation. In human studies, serum OXT and PRL levels have been... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5905872" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background-Oxytocin (OXT) and prolactin (PRL) are neuropeptide hormones that interact with the serotonin system and are involved in the stress response and social affiliation. In human studies, serum OXT and PRL levels have been associated with depression and related phenotypes. Our purpose was to determine if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the loci for OXT, PRL and their receptors, OXTR and PRLR, were associated with childhood-onset mood disorders (COMD).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5905872" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b5a96faed3265dac72182283236abeaa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49094262,"asset_id":5905872,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49094262/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8757059" href="https://jamiahamdard-in.academia.edu/sajidshaikh">sajid shaikh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8757059" type="text/json">{"id":8757059,"first_name":"sajid","last_name":"shaikh","domain_name":"jamiahamdard-in","page_name":"sajidshaikh","display_name":"sajid shaikh","profile_url":"https://jamiahamdard-in.academia.edu/sajidshaikh?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5905872 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5905872"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5905872, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5905872", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5905872]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5905872").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5905872").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5905872"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6574" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family">Family</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6574" type="text/json">{"id":6574,"name":"Family","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53735" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxytocin">Oxytocin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53735" type="text/json">{"id":53735,"name":"Oxytocin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxytocin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5905872]'), work: {"id":5905872,"title":"No association between oxytocin or prolactin gene variants and childhood-onset mood disorders","created_at":"2014-01-31T18:39:12.731-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5905872/No_association_between_oxytocin_or_prolactin_gene_variants_and_childhood_onset_mood_disorders?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_5905872","summary":"Background-Oxytocin (OXT) and prolactin (PRL) are neuropeptide hormones that interact with the serotonin system and are involved in the stress response and social affiliation. In human studies, serum OXT and PRL levels have been associated with depression and related phenotypes. Our purpose was to determine if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the loci for OXT, PRL and their receptors, OXTR and PRLR, were associated with childhood-onset mood disorders (COMD).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49094262,"asset_id":5905872,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8757059,"first_name":"sajid","last_name":"shaikh","domain_name":"jamiahamdard-in","page_name":"sajidshaikh","display_name":"sajid shaikh","profile_url":"https://jamiahamdard-in.academia.edu/sajidshaikh?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6574,"name":"Family","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":53735,"name":"Oxytocin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxytocin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=64657"},{"id":125069,"name":"Genetic Association Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Association_Studies?f_ri=64657"},{"id":133761,"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychoneuroendocrinology?f_ri=64657"},{"id":284201,"name":"Mood Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mood_Disorders?f_ri=64657"},{"id":403740,"name":"Single Nucleotide Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Single_Nucleotide_Polymorphism?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1208692,"name":"Mood Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mood_Disorder?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1489115,"name":"Age of Onset","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_of_Onset?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7924847" data-work_id="7924847" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7924847/Alcoholism_Craving_and_Hormones_The_Role_of_Leptin_Ghrelin_Prolactin_and_the_Pro_Opiomelanocortin_System_in_Modulating_Ethanol_Intake">Alcoholism, Craving, and Hormones: The Role of Leptin, Ghrelin, Prolactin, and the Pro-Opiomelanocortin System in Modulating Ethanol Intake</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Evidence is growing that appetite regulating peptides such as leptin and ghrelin, but also other hormones including prolactin are altered in alcoholism. The brain pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) system which has important mediating roles in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7924847" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Evidence is growing that appetite regulating peptides such as leptin and ghrelin, but also other hormones including prolactin are altered in alcoholism. The brain pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) system which has important mediating roles in alcohol intake also has important functions in prolactin regulation and energy homeostasis. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated to be functionally integrated with leptin regulation. The satiety factor leptin seems to be counteracted by the gut-derived peptide ghrelin which increases hunger and food intake. Consequently, the POMC system may have a role in integrating regulation of alcohol effects and these seemingly disparate regulatory systems. The goal of this mini-review is to discuss the results of some recent investigations of the potential interactions of these systems with acute and chronic alcohol responses.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7924847" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4a98eb873e851b4b7544b8100e432b7b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48287338,"asset_id":7924847,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48287338/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14880714" href="https://unibas.academia.edu/GerhardDammann">Gerhard Dammann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14880714" type="text/json">{"id":14880714,"first_name":"Gerhard","last_name":"Dammann","domain_name":"unibas","page_name":"GerhardDammann","display_name":"Gerhard Dammann","profile_url":"https://unibas.academia.edu/GerhardDammann?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7924847 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7924847"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7924847, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7924847", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7924847]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7924847").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7924847").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7924847"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41783" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ghrelin">Ghrelin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41783" type="text/json">{"id":41783,"name":"Ghrelin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ghrelin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation">Motivation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46406" type="text/json">{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60842" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Appetite">Appetite</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="60842" type="text/json">{"id":60842,"name":"Appetite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Appetite?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7924847]'), work: {"id":7924847,"title":"Alcoholism, Craving, and Hormones: The Role of Leptin, Ghrelin, Prolactin, and the Pro-Opiomelanocortin System in Modulating Ethanol Intake","created_at":"2014-08-09T00:34:50.364-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7924847/Alcoholism_Craving_and_Hormones_The_Role_of_Leptin_Ghrelin_Prolactin_and_the_Pro_Opiomelanocortin_System_in_Modulating_Ethanol_Intake?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_7924847","summary":"Evidence is growing that appetite regulating peptides such as leptin and ghrelin, but also other hormones including prolactin are altered in alcoholism. The brain pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) system which has important mediating roles in alcohol intake also has important functions in prolactin regulation and energy homeostasis. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated to be functionally integrated with leptin regulation. The satiety factor leptin seems to be counteracted by the gut-derived peptide ghrelin which increases hunger and food intake. Consequently, the POMC system may have a role in integrating regulation of alcohol effects and these seemingly disparate regulatory systems. The goal of this mini-review is to discuss the results of some recent investigations of the potential interactions of these systems with acute and chronic alcohol responses.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48287338,"asset_id":7924847,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14880714,"first_name":"Gerhard","last_name":"Dammann","domain_name":"unibas","page_name":"GerhardDammann","display_name":"Gerhard Dammann","profile_url":"https://unibas.academia.edu/GerhardDammann?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":41783,"name":"Ghrelin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ghrelin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":60842,"name":"Appetite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Appetite?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=64657"},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":91863,"name":"Alcoholism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcoholism?f_ri=64657"},{"id":110254,"name":"Alcohol Drinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Drinking?f_ri=64657"},{"id":135357,"name":"Leptin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leptin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":204204,"name":"Drive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drive?f_ri=64657"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9443349" data-work_id="9443349" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9443349/Effects_of_cannabidiol_in_animal_models_predictive_of_antipsychotic_activity">Effects of cannabidiol in animal models predictive of antipsychotic activity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The effects of cannabidiol (CBD) were compared to those produced by haloperidol in rats submitted to experimental models predictive of antipsychotic activity. Several doses of CBD (15–480 mg/kg) and haloperidol (0.062–1.0 mg/kg) were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9443349" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The effects of cannabidiol (CBD) were compared to those produced by haloperidol in rats submitted to experimental models predictive of antipsychotic activity. Several doses of CBD (15–480 mg/kg) and haloperidol (0.062–1.0 mg/kg) were tested in each model. First, CBD increased the effective doses 50% (or) ED50 of apomorphine for induction of the sniffing and biting stereotyped behaviors. In addition, both CBD and haloperidol reduced the occurrence of stereotyped biting induced by apomorphine (6.4 mg/kg), increased plasma prolactin levels and produced palpebral ptosis, as compared to control solutions. However, CBD did not induce catalepsy even at the highest doses, in contrast to haloperidol. Such a pharmacological profile is compatible with that of an “atypical” antipsychotic agent, though the mechanism of action is uncertain and may not be identical to that of the dopamine antagonists.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9443349" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="912e92d064df61288642cb4cbb25fdd4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47777938,"asset_id":9443349,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47777938/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22006142" href="https://usp-br1.academia.edu/AntonioZuardi">Antonio Zuardi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22006142" type="text/json">{"id":22006142,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Zuardi","domain_name":"usp-br1","page_name":"AntonioZuardi","display_name":"Antonio Zuardi","profile_url":"https://usp-br1.academia.edu/AntonioZuardi?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22006142/27382206/25746259/s65_antonio.zuardi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9443349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9443349"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9443349, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9443349", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9443349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9443349; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9443349"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9443349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9443349"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9443349; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9443349]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9443349").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9443349").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9443349"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2047" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychopharmacology">Psychopharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2047" type="text/json">{"id":2047,"name":"Psychopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychopharmacology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51566" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine">Dopamine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51566" type="text/json">{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151951" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Model">Animal Model</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="151951" type="text/json">{"id":151951,"name":"Animal Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Model?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9443349]'), work: {"id":9443349,"title":"Effects of cannabidiol in animal models predictive of antipsychotic activity","created_at":"2014-11-22T05:05:43.952-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9443349/Effects_of_cannabidiol_in_animal_models_predictive_of_antipsychotic_activity?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_9443349","summary":"The effects of cannabidiol (CBD) were compared to those produced by haloperidol in rats submitted to experimental models predictive of antipsychotic activity. Several doses of CBD (15–480 mg/kg) and haloperidol (0.062–1.0 mg/kg) were tested in each model. First, CBD increased the effective doses 50% (or) ED50 of apomorphine for induction of the sniffing and biting stereotyped behaviors. In addition, both CBD and haloperidol reduced the occurrence of stereotyped biting induced by apomorphine (6.4 mg/kg), increased plasma prolactin levels and produced palpebral ptosis, as compared to control solutions. However, CBD did not induce catalepsy even at the highest doses, in contrast to haloperidol. Such a pharmacological profile is compatible with that of an “atypical” antipsychotic agent, though the mechanism of action is uncertain and may not be identical to that of the dopamine antagonists.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47777938,"asset_id":9443349,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22006142,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Zuardi","domain_name":"usp-br1","page_name":"AntonioZuardi","display_name":"Antonio Zuardi","profile_url":"https://usp-br1.academia.edu/AntonioZuardi?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22006142/27382206/25746259/s65_antonio.zuardi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2047,"name":"Psychopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychopharmacology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":151951,"name":"Animal Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Model?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=64657"},{"id":530709,"name":"Atypical Antipsychotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atypical_Antipsychotics?f_ri=64657"},{"id":725615,"name":"Mechanism of action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanism_of_action?f_ri=64657"},{"id":816819,"name":"Psychological Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Models?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1225893,"name":"Effective Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effective_Dose?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1343513,"name":"Apomorphine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apomorphine?f_ri=64657"},{"id":2037348,"name":"Experimental Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Model?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11869133" data-work_id="11869133" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11869133/Age_related_changes_in_the_association_between_serotonergic_function_and_aggression_in_boys_with_ADHD">Age-related changes in the association between serotonergic function and aggression in boys with ADHD</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The results of several studies have indicated an inverse relationship between central serotonergic (5-HT) mechanisms and aggression in animals and adults, but studies in children have yielded conflicting results. This study assessed 5-HT... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11869133" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The results of several studies have indicated an inverse relationship between central serotonergic (5-HT) mechanisms and aggression in animals and adults, but studies in children have yielded conflicting results. This study assessed 5-HT function, using a fenfluramine (FEN) challenge procedure, in an attempt to replicate a previously reported enhancement of the prolactin (PRL) response to FEN in aggressive relative to nonaggressive ADHD boys. The study failed to replicate the previous finding. Samples from both studies were then examined to reconcile the discrepant findings. The samples differed significantly in age. The entire group (n = 50) was then divided into older and younger subgroups and reanalyzed using a two-way (age-group X aggression) analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for plasma medication level. The ANCOVA generated a significant age-group X aggression interaction. Young aggressive boys had a significantly greater PRL response to FEN than young nonaggressive boys, but no such difference existed in the older age-group. These findings raise the possibility of different developmental trajectories in 5-HT function between aggressive and nonaggressive boys.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11869133" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="927de5181739d4e93abe109e9e1974fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46474837,"asset_id":11869133,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46474837/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29320646" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LarrySiever">Larry Siever</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29320646" type="text/json">{"id":29320646,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Siever","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LarrySiever","display_name":"Larry Siever","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LarrySiever?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11869133 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11869133"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11869133, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11869133", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11869133 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11869133; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11869133"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11869133 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11869133"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11869133; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11869133]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11869133").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11869133").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11869133"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging">Aging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6791" type="text/json">{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51565" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin">Serotonin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51565" type="text/json">{"id":51565,"name":"Serotonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11869133]'), work: {"id":11869133,"title":"Age-related changes in the association between serotonergic function and aggression in boys with ADHD","created_at":"2015-04-09T09:20:52.302-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11869133/Age_related_changes_in_the_association_between_serotonergic_function_and_aggression_in_boys_with_ADHD?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_11869133","summary":"The results of several studies have indicated an inverse relationship between central serotonergic (5-HT) mechanisms and aggression in animals and adults, but studies in children have yielded conflicting results. This study assessed 5-HT function, using a fenfluramine (FEN) challenge procedure, in an attempt to replicate a previously reported enhancement of the prolactin (PRL) response to FEN in aggressive relative to nonaggressive ADHD boys. The study failed to replicate the previous finding. Samples from both studies were then examined to reconcile the discrepant findings. The samples differed significantly in age. The entire group (n = 50) was then divided into older and younger subgroups and reanalyzed using a two-way (age-group X aggression) analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for plasma medication level. The ANCOVA generated a significant age-group X aggression interaction. Young aggressive boys had a significantly greater PRL response to FEN than young nonaggressive boys, but no such difference existed in the older age-group. These findings raise the possibility of different developmental trajectories in 5-HT function between aggressive and nonaggressive boys.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46474837,"asset_id":11869133,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29320646,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Siever","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LarrySiever","display_name":"Larry Siever","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LarrySiever?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":51565,"name":"Serotonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=64657"},{"id":82732,"name":"Aggression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aggression?f_ri=64657"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1298851,"name":"Fenfluramine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fenfluramine?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1661112,"name":"Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin_Uptake_Inhibitors?f_ri=64657"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24819349" data-work_id="24819349" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24819349/Prolactin_responses_to_phenylalanine_and_tyrosine_in_phenylketonuria">Prolactin responses to phenylalanine and tyrosine in phenylketonuria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In normal subjects, ingestion of tyrosine or phenylalanine stimulates prolactin (PRL) secretion. In patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), we found normal PRL responses to phenylalanine, demonstrating that conversion of phenylalanine to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24819349" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In normal subjects, ingestion of tyrosine or phenylalanine stimulates prolactin (PRL) secretion. In patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), we found normal PRL responses to phenylalanine, demonstrating that conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine is not necessary for PRL stimulation. PKU patients also showed greater PRL responses to tyrosine during dietary phenylalanine restriction than when consuming an unrestricted diet; this finding is consistent with inhibition by phenylalanine of tyrosine transoort across the blood-brain barrier. Such comoetitive inhibition of a normal brain function may serve as a model for some of the neurotoxic effects of phenylalanine in PKU. .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24819349" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cde1abdc911455002fc80c579987df97" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45145061,"asset_id":24819349,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45145061/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47857405" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HaroldCarlson1">Harold Carlson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47857405" type="text/json">{"id":47857405,"first_name":"Harold","last_name":"Carlson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HaroldCarlson1","display_name":"Harold Carlson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HaroldCarlson1?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24819349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24819349"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24819349, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24819349", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24819349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24819349; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24819349"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24819349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24819349"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24819349; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24819349]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24819349").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24819349").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24819349"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3770" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolism">Metabolism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3770" type="text/json">{"id":3770,"name":"Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolism?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24819349]'), work: {"id":24819349,"title":"Prolactin responses to phenylalanine and tyrosine in phenylketonuria","created_at":"2016-04-27T13:37:45.325-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24819349/Prolactin_responses_to_phenylalanine_and_tyrosine_in_phenylketonuria?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_24819349","summary":"In normal subjects, ingestion of tyrosine or phenylalanine stimulates prolactin (PRL) secretion. In patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), we found normal PRL responses to phenylalanine, demonstrating that conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine is not necessary for PRL stimulation. PKU patients also showed greater PRL responses to tyrosine during dietary phenylalanine restriction than when consuming an unrestricted diet; this finding is consistent with inhibition by phenylalanine of tyrosine transoort across the blood-brain barrier. Such comoetitive inhibition of a normal brain function may serve as a model for some of the neurotoxic effects of phenylalanine in PKU. .","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45145061,"asset_id":24819349,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47857405,"first_name":"Harold","last_name":"Carlson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HaroldCarlson1","display_name":"Harold Carlson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HaroldCarlson1?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3770,"name":"Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolism?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":382339,"name":"Phenylalanine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenylalanine?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1663739,"name":"Tyrosine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tyrosine?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23666924" data-work_id="23666924" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23666924/Prolactin_Levels_During_the_Menstrual_Cycle">Prolactin Levels During the Menstrual Cycle</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The levels of prolactin, FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone were measured daily during fourteen ovulatory cycles. The behaviour of FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone was classical. Non-systematic changes occurred in prolactin levels... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23666924" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The levels of prolactin, FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone were measured daily during fourteen ovulatory cycles. The behaviour of FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone was classical. Non-systematic changes occurred in prolactin levels during the course of the menstrual cycle with the highest level being either during the ovulatory period or during the luteal phase. However, the mean level of prolactin was significantly higher during the ovulatory and luteal phases than during the follicular phase. A direct relationship between oestradiol and prolactin levels was noted, although there was no correlation between prolactin on the one hand and FSH, LH and progesterone on the other.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23666924" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1621a009495f2d32990e7731e2a08bd0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44072366,"asset_id":23666924,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44072366/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45539163" href="https://independent.academia.edu/UGaspard">U. Gaspard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45539163" type="text/json">{"id":45539163,"first_name":"U.","last_name":"Gaspard","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"UGaspard","display_name":"U. Gaspard","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/UGaspard?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23666924 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23666924"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23666924, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23666924", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23666924 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23666924; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23666924"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23666924 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23666924"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23666924; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23666924]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23666924").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23666924").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23666924"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16038" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menstruation">Menstruation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16038" type="text/json">{"id":16038,"name":"Menstruation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menstruation?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64559" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Progesterone">Progesterone</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64559" type="text/json">{"id":64559,"name":"Progesterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Progesterone?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="182850" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menstrual_Cycle">Menstrual Cycle</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="182850" type="text/json">{"id":182850,"name":"Menstrual Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menstrual_Cycle?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23666924]'), work: {"id":23666924,"title":"Prolactin Levels During the Menstrual Cycle","created_at":"2016-03-24T09:18:12.663-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23666924/Prolactin_Levels_During_the_Menstrual_Cycle?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_23666924","summary":"The levels of prolactin, FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone were measured daily during fourteen ovulatory cycles. The behaviour of FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone was classical. Non-systematic changes occurred in prolactin levels during the course of the menstrual cycle with the highest level being either during the ovulatory period or during the luteal phase. However, the mean level of prolactin was significantly higher during the ovulatory and luteal phases than during the follicular phase. A direct relationship between oestradiol and prolactin levels was noted, although there was no correlation between prolactin on the one hand and FSH, LH and progesterone on the other.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44072366,"asset_id":23666924,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45539163,"first_name":"U.","last_name":"Gaspard","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"UGaspard","display_name":"U. Gaspard","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/UGaspard?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16038,"name":"Menstruation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menstruation?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64559,"name":"Progesterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Progesterone?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":182850,"name":"Menstrual Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menstrual_Cycle?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":923234,"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Endocrinology?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1130425,"name":"Luteinizing Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luteinizing_Hormone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1295208,"name":"Estradiol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estradiol?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1310139,"name":"Follicle stimulating hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follicle_stimulating_hormone?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17496617" data-work_id="17496617" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17496617/Prolactin_derived_vasoinhibins_increase_anxiety_and_depression_related_behaviors">Prolactin-derived vasoinhibins increase anxiety- and depression-related behaviors</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The hormone prolactin (PRL) regulates neuroendocrine and emotional stress responses. It is found in the hypothalamus, where the protein is partially cleaved to vasoinhibins, a family of N-terminal antiangiogenic PRL fragments ranging from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17496617" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The hormone prolactin (PRL) regulates neuroendocrine and emotional stress responses. It is found in the hypothalamus, where the protein is partially cleaved to vasoinhibins, a family of N-terminal antiangiogenic PRL fragments ranging from 14 to 18 kDa molecular masses, with unknown effects on the stress response. Here, we show that the intracerebroventricular administration of a recombinant vasoinhibin, containing the first 123 amino acids of human PRL that correspond to a 14 kDa PRL, exerts anxiogenic and depressive-like effects detected in the elevated plus-maze, the open field, and the forced swimming tests. To investigate whether stressor exposure affects the generation of vasoinhibins in the hypothalamus, the concentrations of PRL mRNA, PRL, and vasoinhibins were evaluated in hypothalamic extracts of virgin female rats immobilized for 30 min at different time points after stress onset. The hypothalamic levels of PRL mRNA and protein were higher at 60 min but declined at 360 min to levels seen in non-stressed animals. The elevation of hypothalamic PRL did not correlate with the stress-induced increase in circulating PRL levels, nor was it modified by blocking adenohypophyseal PRL secretion with bromocriptine. A vasoinhibin having an electrophoretic migration rate corresponding to 17 kDa was detected in the hypothalamus. Despite the elevation in hypothalamic PRL, the levels of this hypothalamic vasoinhibin were similar in stressed and non-stressed rats. Stress reduced the rate</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17496617" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="808940e30e801ee0d8b055f8e5714a97" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39542777,"asset_id":17496617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39542777/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37118154" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LuzTorner">Luz Torner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37118154" type="text/json">{"id":37118154,"first_name":"Luz","last_name":"Torner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LuzTorner","display_name":"Luz Torner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LuzTorner?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17496617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17496617"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17496617, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17496617", }); 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It is found in the hypothalamus, where the protein is partially cleaved to vasoinhibins, a family of N-terminal antiangiogenic PRL fragments ranging from 14 to 18 kDa molecular masses, with unknown effects on the stress response. Here, we show that the intracerebroventricular administration of a recombinant vasoinhibin, containing the first 123 amino acids of human PRL that correspond to a 14 kDa PRL, exerts anxiogenic and depressive-like effects detected in the elevated plus-maze, the open field, and the forced swimming tests. To investigate whether stressor exposure affects the generation of vasoinhibins in the hypothalamus, the concentrations of PRL mRNA, PRL, and vasoinhibins were evaluated in hypothalamic extracts of virgin female rats immobilized for 30 min at different time points after stress onset. The hypothalamic levels of PRL mRNA and protein were higher at 60 min but declined at 360 min to levels seen in non-stressed animals. The elevation of hypothalamic PRL did not correlate with the stress-induced increase in circulating PRL levels, nor was it modified by blocking adenohypophyseal PRL secretion with bromocriptine. A vasoinhibin having an electrophoretic migration rate corresponding to 17 kDa was detected in the hypothalamus. Despite the elevation in hypothalamic PRL, the levels of this hypothalamic vasoinhibin were similar in stressed and non-stressed rats. Stress reduced the rate","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39542777,"asset_id":17496617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37118154,"first_name":"Luz","last_name":"Torner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LuzTorner","display_name":"Luz Torner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LuzTorner?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":95704,"name":"Hypothalamus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypothalamus?f_ri=64657"},{"id":133761,"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychoneuroendocrinology?f_ri=64657"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=64657"},{"id":564879,"name":"Wistar Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wistar_Rats?f_ri=64657"},{"id":623821,"name":"ANXIETY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ANXIETY-1?f_ri=64657"},{"id":983317,"name":"Cell Cycle Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle_Proteins?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5089055" data-work_id="5089055" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5089055/Interactive_effects_of_subanesthetic_ketamine_and_haloperidol_in_healthy_humans">Interactive effects of subanesthetic ketamine and haloperidol in healthy humans</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with prominent psychoactive effects in humans. This study evaluated whether the oral administration of haloperidol 5 mg would block the effects of an intravenous ketamine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5089055" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with prominent psychoactive effects in humans. This study evaluated whether the oral administration of haloperidol 5 mg would block the effects of an intravenous ketamine infusion (bolus of 0.26 mg/kg followed by 0.65 mg/kg per hour). Twenty healthy subjects completed 4 test days involving the oral administration of haloperidol or matched placebo 2 h prior to the intravenous infusion of ketamine or saline. Ketamine produced cognitive, behavioral, neuroendocrine, and physiologic effects in the healthy subjects that were similar to previous reports. Haloperidol pretreatment reduced impairments in executive cognitive functions produced by ketamine as measured by proverb interpretations and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. However, it failed to block the capacity of ketamine to produce psychosis, perceptual changes, negative symptoms, or euphoria in healthy subjects. These data outline an important, but functionally delineaeted modulation of ketamine effects by dopamine2 receptors and other sites of haloperidol action.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5089055" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e263cad6b7a8a541628e1cd814eea1c5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49453601,"asset_id":5089055,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49453601/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6818137" href="https://washington.academia.edu/SallyVegso">Sally Vegso</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6818137" type="text/json">{"id":6818137,"first_name":"Sally","last_name":"Vegso","domain_name":"washington","page_name":"SallyVegso","display_name":"Sally Vegso","profile_url":"https://washington.academia.edu/SallyVegso?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6818137/3172927/3734908/s65_sally.vegso.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5089055 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5089055"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5089055, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5089055", }); 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This study evaluated whether the oral administration of haloperidol 5 mg would block the effects of an intravenous ketamine infusion (bolus of 0.26 mg/kg followed by 0.65 mg/kg per hour). Twenty healthy subjects completed 4 test days involving the oral administration of haloperidol or matched placebo 2 h prior to the intravenous infusion of ketamine or saline. Ketamine produced cognitive, behavioral, neuroendocrine, and physiologic effects in the healthy subjects that were similar to previous reports. Haloperidol pretreatment reduced impairments in executive cognitive functions produced by ketamine as measured by proverb interpretations and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. However, it failed to block the capacity of ketamine to produce psychosis, perceptual changes, negative symptoms, or euphoria in healthy subjects. These data outline an important, but functionally delineaeted modulation of ketamine effects by dopamine2 receptors and other sites of haloperidol action.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49453601,"asset_id":5089055,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6818137,"first_name":"Sally","last_name":"Vegso","domain_name":"washington","page_name":"SallyVegso","display_name":"Sally Vegso","profile_url":"https://washington.academia.edu/SallyVegso?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6818137/3172927/3734908/s65_sally.vegso.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2047,"name":"Psychopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychopharmacology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":11558,"name":"Drug 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18079356" data-work_id="18079356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18079356/Hormonal_disturbances_associated_with_obesity_in_dogs">Hormonal disturbances associated with obesity in dogs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Obesity is associated with multiple endocrine alterations and changes in the concentration of circulating hormones. However, few studies have explored such alterations in dogs with naturally acquired excess weight. In the present study,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18079356" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Obesity is associated with multiple endocrine alterations and changes in the concentration of circulating hormones. However, few studies have explored such alterations in dogs with naturally acquired excess weight. In the present study, we investigated the effect of naturally acquired obesity on cortisol, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and prolactin secretion in dogs. Thirty-one overweight dogs were enrolled in the trial. Blood samples were collected before and after adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) injection. Free thyroxine (fT4), cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), IGF-1, prolactin and fructosamine were assayed. Body weight excess increased significantly with age and neutered dogs were more obese than entire ones. The ACTH stimulation test was within the normal range for 26 of 31 dogs. Prolactinaemia was increased in seven dogs and IGF-1 in six dogs. Twenty dogs had a fructosamine concentration &amp;gt;340 microm. Interestingly, 18 of 31 dogs showed disturbances of thyroid function based on high TSH and/or low fT4 baseline concentration, with 11 dogs showing both. According to these parameters only six of 31 dogs were free of hormonal disturbances. These results revealed the high incidence of such disturbances, especially thyroid dysfunction, in obese, but otherwise apparently healthy dogs. They demonstrate the importance of examining endocrine function during the initial evaluation of obese dogs to avoid failure of any nutritional treatment.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18079356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b1d51e56cd7f2c3249fcfd49a7daf711" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42201611,"asset_id":18079356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42201611/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38030446" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucileMartin1">Lucile Martin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38030446" type="text/json">{"id":38030446,"first_name":"Lucile","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LucileMartin1","display_name":"Lucile Martin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucileMartin1?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18079356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18079356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18079356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18079356", }); 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However, few studies have explored such alterations in dogs with naturally acquired excess weight. In the present study, we investigated the effect of naturally acquired obesity on cortisol, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and prolactin secretion in dogs. Thirty-one overweight dogs were enrolled in the trial. Blood samples were collected before and after adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) injection. Free thyroxine (fT4), cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), IGF-1, prolactin and fructosamine were assayed. Body weight excess increased significantly with age and neutered dogs were more obese than entire ones. The ACTH stimulation test was within the normal range for 26 of 31 dogs. Prolactinaemia was increased in seven dogs and IGF-1 in six dogs. Twenty dogs had a fructosamine concentration \u0026amp;gt;340 microm. Interestingly, 18 of 31 dogs showed disturbances of thyroid function based on high TSH and/or low fT4 baseline concentration, with 11 dogs showing both. According to these parameters only six of 31 dogs were free of hormonal disturbances. These results revealed the high incidence of such disturbances, especially thyroid dysfunction, in obese, but otherwise apparently healthy dogs. They demonstrate the importance of examining endocrine function during the initial evaluation of obese dogs to avoid failure of any nutritional treatment.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42201611,"asset_id":18079356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38030446,"first_name":"Lucile","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LucileMartin1","display_name":"Lucile Martin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucileMartin1?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":29980,"name":"Animal 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50955386" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RachelReynolds10">Rachel Reynolds</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50955386" type="text/json">{"id":50955386,"first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Reynolds","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RachelReynolds10","display_name":"Rachel Reynolds","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RachelReynolds10?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26938548">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26938548"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethHousman">Elizabeth Housman</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: 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u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26938548"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3851" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity">Obesity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3851" type="text/json">{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Style">Life Style</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7471" type="text/json">{"id":7471,"name":"Life Style","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Style?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12729" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dermatology">Dermatology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12729" type="text/json">{"id":12729,"name":"Dermatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dermatology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26938548]'), work: {"id":26938548,"title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: A review for 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Housman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethHousman?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":7471,"name":"Life Style","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Style?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":12729,"name":"Dermatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dermatology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":69056,"name":"Testosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testosterone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":71297,"name":"Metformin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metformin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":152341,"name":"Acne Vulgaris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acne_Vulgaris?f_ri=64657"},{"id":231497,"name":"FDA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FDA?f_ri=64657"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":284336,"name":"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polycystic_Ovary_Syndrome?f_ri=64657"},{"id":310746,"name":"Hirsutism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hirsutism?f_ri=64657"},{"id":337396,"name":"ALOPECIA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ALOPECIA?f_ri=64657"},{"id":453923,"name":"Oral Hypoglycemic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Hypoglycemic_Agents?f_ri=64657"},{"id":559242,"name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_Diseases?f_ri=64657"},{"id":649379,"name":"Finasteride","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finasteride?f_ri=64657"},{"id":830651,"name":"Sex hormone-binding globulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_hormone-binding_globulin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":830652,"name":"SHBG","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SHBG?f_ri=64657"},{"id":868910,"name":"Hyperandrogenism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hyperandrogenism?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60785030" data-work_id="60785030" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60785030/Induction_and_synchronization_of_estrus_in_dogs">Induction and synchronization of estrus in dogs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Indications for estrus induction in the bitch include missed breeding opportunities or conception failure, the treatment of primary or secondary anestrus and synchronization of ovulation for embryo transfer programs. Reported methods for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60785030" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Indications for estrus induction in the bitch include missed breeding opportunities or conception failure, the treatment of primary or secondary anestrus and synchronization of ovulation for embryo transfer programs. Reported methods for canine estrus induction include the use of synthetic estrogens (diethylstilbesterol), dopamine agonists (bromocryptine and cabergoline), GnRH agonists (lutrelin, buserelin, fertirelin, deslorelin, and leuprolide) and exogenous gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, and human menopausal gonadotropin). These methods vary widely in efficacy of inducing estrus, as well as in the fertility of the induced estrus. The applicability of some of these methods for clinical practice is questionable. This review will summarize published reports on estrus induction and synchronization in bitches and summarize preliminary results using a long-acting injectable preparation of deslorelin.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60785030" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="68e7438070b09f552b7aad066421ae15" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74075076,"asset_id":60785030,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74075076/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="201353720" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichelleKutzler">Michelle Kutzler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="201353720" type="text/json">{"id":201353720,"first_name":"Michelle","last_name":"Kutzler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichelleKutzler","display_name":"Michelle Kutzler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichelleKutzler?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60785030 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60785030"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60785030, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60785030", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60785030]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60785030").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60785030").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60785030"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43820" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theriogenology">Theriogenology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43820" type="text/json">{"id":43820,"name":"Theriogenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theriogenology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52438" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dogs">Dogs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52438" type="text/json">{"id":52438,"name":"Dogs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dogs?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60785030]'), work: {"id":60785030,"title":"Induction and synchronization of estrus in dogs","created_at":"2021-11-02T03:15:39.187-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60785030/Induction_and_synchronization_of_estrus_in_dogs?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_60785030","summary":"Indications for estrus induction in the bitch include missed breeding opportunities or conception failure, the treatment of primary or secondary anestrus and synchronization of ovulation for embryo transfer programs. Reported methods for canine estrus induction include the use of synthetic estrogens (diethylstilbesterol), dopamine agonists (bromocryptine and cabergoline), GnRH agonists (lutrelin, buserelin, fertirelin, deslorelin, and leuprolide) and exogenous gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, and human menopausal gonadotropin). These methods vary widely in efficacy of inducing estrus, as well as in the fertility of the induced estrus. The applicability of some of these methods for clinical practice is questionable. This review will summarize published reports on estrus induction and synchronization in bitches and summarize preliminary results using a long-acting injectable preparation of deslorelin.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74075076,"asset_id":60785030,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":201353720,"first_name":"Michelle","last_name":"Kutzler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichelleKutzler","display_name":"Michelle Kutzler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichelleKutzler?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":43820,"name":"Theriogenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theriogenology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":52438,"name":"Dogs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dogs?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":98943,"name":"Ovulation Induction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovulation_Induction?f_ri=64657"},{"id":210533,"name":"Embryo Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryo_Transfer?f_ri=64657"},{"id":445229,"name":"Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gonadotropin_Releasing_Hormone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1176501,"name":"Gonadotropins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gonadotropins?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1409896,"name":"Diethylstilbestrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diethylstilbestrol?f_ri=64657"},{"id":2187373,"name":"Estrus Synchronization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estrus_Synchronization?f_ri=64657"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50489236" data-work_id="50489236" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50489236/Hormonal_control_of_urodele_reproductive_behavior">Hormonal control of urodele reproductive behavior</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hormonal control of expression of courtship behavior and of development of structures related to the reproductive behavior in two species of Japanese newts, Cynops pyrrhogaster and Cynops ensicauda, was described. Prolactin (PRL) and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50489236" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hormonal control of expression of courtship behavior and of development of structures related to the reproductive behavior in two species of Japanese newts, Cynops pyrrhogaster and Cynops ensicauda, was described. Prolactin (PRL) and androgen were essential factors for eliciting courtship behavior. In addition, arginine vasotocin markedly enhanced the expression of courtship behavior. PRL induced migration to water, in which courtship and oviposition take place, and converted the integument from the terrestrial type to the aquatic one. PRL also stimulated the growth of the tail fin, which was blocked by estrogen. Cellular and nuclear size and number of synapses on the somata of Mauthner cells, which are involved in tail movement, were also increased by PRL and androgen. Synthesis of sodefrin, a female-attracting pheromone, in the abdominal gland as well as that of mucopolysaccharides constituting the sac of sperm in the lateral gland was enhanced by PRL and androgen. Structural development of oviducts was elicited by estrogen or PRL to a certain extent, and full oviducal development by the combination of these two hormones, PRL being indispensable for the oviducal jelly secretion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50489236" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa62cffa72b3e8078a929463a6dc5102" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68455824,"asset_id":50489236,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68455824/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67773989" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SakaeKikuyama">Sakae Kikuyama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67773989" type="text/json">{"id":67773989,"first_name":"Sakae","last_name":"Kikuyama","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SakaeKikuyama","display_name":"Sakae Kikuyama","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SakaeKikuyama?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67773989/63834718/52476658/s65_sakae.kikuyama.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50489236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50489236"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50489236, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50489236", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50489236]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50489236").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50489236").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50489236"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="167" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology">Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="167" type="text/json">{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tail">Tail</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="236290" type="text/json">{"id":236290,"name":"Tail","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tail?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="293629" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Steroids">Sex Steroids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="293629" type="text/json">{"id":293629,"name":"Sex Steroids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Steroids?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50489236]'), work: {"id":50489236,"title":"Hormonal control of urodele reproductive behavior","created_at":"2021-08-01T02:18:09.243-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50489236/Hormonal_control_of_urodele_reproductive_behavior?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_50489236","summary":"Hormonal control of expression of courtship behavior and of development of structures related to the reproductive behavior in two species of Japanese newts, Cynops pyrrhogaster and Cynops ensicauda, was described. Prolactin (PRL) and androgen were essential factors for eliciting courtship behavior. In addition, arginine vasotocin markedly enhanced the expression of courtship behavior. PRL induced migration to water, in which courtship and oviposition take place, and converted the integument from the terrestrial type to the aquatic one. PRL also stimulated the growth of the tail fin, which was blocked by estrogen. Cellular and nuclear size and number of synapses on the somata of Mauthner cells, which are involved in tail movement, were also increased by PRL and androgen. Synthesis of sodefrin, a female-attracting pheromone, in the abdominal gland as well as that of mucopolysaccharides constituting the sac of sperm in the lateral gland was enhanced by PRL and androgen. Structural development of oviducts was elicited by estrogen or PRL to a certain extent, and full oviducal development by the combination of these two hormones, PRL being indispensable for the oviducal jelly secretion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68455824,"asset_id":50489236,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67773989,"first_name":"Sakae","last_name":"Kikuyama","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SakaeKikuyama","display_name":"Sakae Kikuyama","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SakaeKikuyama?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67773989/63834718/52476658/s65_sakae.kikuyama.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":236290,"name":"Tail","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tail?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":293629,"name":"Sex Steroids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Steroids?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":425037,"name":"Salamandridae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salamandridae?f_ri=64657"},{"id":478597,"name":"Reproductive behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_behavior?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1176501,"name":"Gonadotropins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gonadotropins?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1559764,"name":"Vasotocin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vasotocin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1838993,"name":"SISTEM INTEGUMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SISTEM_INTEGUMENT?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1843342,"name":"Spermatophore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spermatophore?f_ri=64657"},{"id":2634139,"name":"Cloaca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cloaca?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25240969" data-work_id="25240969" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25240969/Psychobiologic_effects_of_3_4_methylenedioxymethamphetamine_in_humans_methodological_considerations_and_preliminary_observations">Psychobiologic effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in humans: methodological considerations and preliminary observations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a phenethylamine with potent effects on serotonergic neurotransmission which has been the object of controversy over its potential as a therapeutic adjunct versus its possible risks for causing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25240969" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a phenethylamine with potent effects on serotonergic neurotransmission which has been the object of controversy over its potential as a therapeutic adjunct versus its possible risks for causing neurotoxic injury. This paper discusses the background, methodology and preliminary findings of the first FDA approved Phase I study prospectively evaluating the effects of MDMA administration in humans. Six subjects with prior experience with MDMA were administered two different dosages of MDMA and an inactive placebo utilizing a randomized, double-blind methodologic design. Dosages from 0.25 to 1.0 mg/kg, p.o., were administered. All subjects tolerated the procedures without any overt evidence of physical discomfort or psychological distress. MDMA produced a modest increase in heart rate and blood pressure. The threshold dose for the stimulation of ACTH and prolactin appeared to be between 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg, with the two higher doses clearly stimulating both ACTH and prolactin. Methodology for assessing MDMA's effects on serotonergic neurotransmission is discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25240969" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="91cbcf622a2d44f31f9a9d1d63c08e4a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45547435,"asset_id":25240969,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45547435/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34446793" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CharlesGrob">Charles Grob</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34446793" type="text/json">{"id":34446793,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Grob","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CharlesGrob","display_name":"Charles Grob","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CharlesGrob?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25240969 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25240969"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25240969, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25240969", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25240969]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25240969").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25240969").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25240969"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology">Methodology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2923" type="text/json">{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5427" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectroscopy">Spectroscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5427" type="text/json">{"id":5427,"name":"Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectroscopy?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51565" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin">Serotonin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51565" type="text/json">{"id":51565,"name":"Serotonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62112" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies">Prospective studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62112" type="text/json">{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25240969]'), work: {"id":25240969,"title":"Psychobiologic effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in humans: methodological considerations and preliminary observations","created_at":"2016-05-11T11:10:37.880-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25240969/Psychobiologic_effects_of_3_4_methylenedioxymethamphetamine_in_humans_methodological_considerations_and_preliminary_observations?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_25240969","summary":"3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a phenethylamine with potent effects on serotonergic neurotransmission which has been the object of controversy over its potential as a therapeutic adjunct versus its possible risks for causing neurotoxic injury. This paper discusses the background, methodology and preliminary findings of the first FDA approved Phase I study prospectively evaluating the effects of MDMA administration in humans. Six subjects with prior experience with MDMA were administered two different dosages of MDMA and an inactive placebo utilizing a randomized, double-blind methodologic design. Dosages from 0.25 to 1.0 mg/kg, p.o., were administered. All subjects tolerated the procedures without any overt evidence of physical discomfort or psychological distress. MDMA produced a modest increase in heart rate and blood pressure. The threshold dose for the stimulation of ACTH and prolactin appeared to be between 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg, with the two higher doses clearly stimulating both ACTH and prolactin. Methodology for assessing MDMA's effects on serotonergic neurotransmission is discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45547435,"asset_id":25240969,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34446793,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Grob","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CharlesGrob","display_name":"Charles Grob","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CharlesGrob?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":5427,"name":"Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectroscopy?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":51565,"name":"Serotonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":74347,"name":"Hemodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemodynamics?f_ri=64657"},{"id":88321,"name":"Blood Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure?f_ri=64657"},{"id":104853,"name":"Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hormones?f_ri=64657"},{"id":131298,"name":"Heart rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_rate?f_ri=64657"},{"id":147195,"name":"Central Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Nervous_System?f_ri=64657"},{"id":166289,"name":"Hallucinogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hallucinogens?f_ri=64657"},{"id":240716,"name":"Body Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Temperature?f_ri=64657"},{"id":312038,"name":"Psychological distress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_distress?f_ri=64657"},{"id":375439,"name":"Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Single_Photon_Emission_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=64657"},{"id":437182,"name":"Hallucinogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hallucinogen?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23230973" data-work_id="23230973" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23230973/Diethylstilbestrol_DES_Related_Endocrine_Disturbances_in_Women">Diethylstilbestrol (DES)-Related Endocrine Disturbances in Women</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23230973" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd2014ad50d87eb19f69bd97b20c2c16" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43716660,"asset_id":23230973,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43716660/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27398373" href="https://uva.academia.edu/OttoBleker">Otto Bleker</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27398373" type="text/json">{"id":27398373,"first_name":"Otto","last_name":"Bleker","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"OttoBleker","display_name":"Otto Bleker","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/OttoBleker?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23230973 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23230973"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23230973, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23230973", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23230973]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23230973").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23230973").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23230973"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23230973]'), work: {"id":23230973,"title":"Diethylstilbestrol (DES)-Related Endocrine Disturbances in Women","created_at":"2016-03-14T07:25:25.979-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23230973/Diethylstilbestrol_DES_Related_Endocrine_Disturbances_in_Women?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_23230973","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43716660,"asset_id":23230973,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27398373,"first_name":"Otto","last_name":"Bleker","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"OttoBleker","display_name":"Otto Bleker","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/OttoBleker?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":69056,"name":"Testosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testosterone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1409896,"name":"Diethylstilbestrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diethylstilbestrol?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23403118" data-work_id="23403118" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23403118/Hyperprolactinemia_in_Men_Clinical_and_Biochemical_Features_and_Response_to_Treatment">Hyperprolactinemia in Men: Clinical and Biochemical Features and Response to Treatment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hyperprolactinemia induces hypogonadism by inhibiting gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulsatile secretion and, consequently, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone pulsatility. This leads to spermatogenic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23403118" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hyperprolactinemia induces hypogonadism by inhibiting gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulsatile secretion and, consequently, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone pulsatility. This leads to spermatogenic arrest, impaired motility, and sperm quality and results in morphologic alterations of the testes similar to those observed in prepubertal testes. Men with hyperprolactinemia present more frequently with a macroadenoma than a microadenoma. Symptoms directly related to hypogonadism are prevalent. In men hypogonadism leads to impaired libido, erectile dysfunction, diminished ejaculate volume, and oligospermia. It is present in 16% of patients with erectile dysfunction and in approx 11% of men with oligospermia. Treatment with bromocriptine or cabergoline (CAB) is effective in men with prolactinomas, with a response that is in general comparable to treatment in women. Seminal fluid abnormalities rapidly improve with CAB treatment, while other dopaminergic compounds require longer periods of treatment. Moreover, to improve gonadal function in men, the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is necessary. New promising data indicate that a substantial proportion of patients with either micro-or macroprolactinoma do not present hyperprolactinemia after long-term withdrawal from CAB. Whether this corresponds to a definitive cure is still unknown, but treat-ment withdrawal should be attempted in patients achieving normalization of prolactin levels and disappearance of tumor mass to investigate this issue.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23403118" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="21e79474f06dddacd7036589edc5f559" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43849939,"asset_id":23403118,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43849939/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45361954" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SarnoAntonella">Antonella Sarno</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45361954" type="text/json">{"id":45361954,"first_name":"Antonella","last_name":"Sarno","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SarnoAntonella","display_name":"Antonella Sarno","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SarnoAntonella?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23403118 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23403118"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23403118, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23403118", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23403118 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23403118; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23403118"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23403118 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23403118"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23403118; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23403118]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23403118").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23403118").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23403118"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37819" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erectile_dysfunction">Erectile dysfunction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37819" type="text/json">{"id":37819,"name":"Erectile dysfunction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erectile_dysfunction?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126964" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrine">Endocrine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126964" type="text/json">{"id":126964,"name":"Endocrine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrine?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23403118]'), work: {"id":23403118,"title":"Hyperprolactinemia in Men: Clinical and Biochemical Features and Response to Treatment","created_at":"2016-03-18T02:57:08.681-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23403118/Hyperprolactinemia_in_Men_Clinical_and_Biochemical_Features_and_Response_to_Treatment?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_23403118","summary":"Hyperprolactinemia induces hypogonadism by inhibiting gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulsatile secretion and, consequently, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone pulsatility. This leads to spermatogenic arrest, impaired motility, and sperm quality and results in morphologic alterations of the testes similar to those observed in prepubertal testes. Men with hyperprolactinemia present more frequently with a macroadenoma than a microadenoma. Symptoms directly related to hypogonadism are prevalent. In men hypogonadism leads to impaired libido, erectile dysfunction, diminished ejaculate volume, and oligospermia. It is present in 16% of patients with erectile dysfunction and in approx 11% of men with oligospermia. Treatment with bromocriptine or cabergoline (CAB) is effective in men with prolactinomas, with a response that is in general comparable to treatment in women. Seminal fluid abnormalities rapidly improve with CAB treatment, while other dopaminergic compounds require longer periods of treatment. Moreover, to improve gonadal function in men, the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is necessary. New promising data indicate that a substantial proportion of patients with either micro-or macroprolactinoma do not present hyperprolactinemia after long-term withdrawal from CAB. Whether this corresponds to a definitive cure is still unknown, but treat-ment withdrawal should be attempted in patients achieving normalization of prolactin levels and disappearance of tumor mass to investigate this issue.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43849939,"asset_id":23403118,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45361954,"first_name":"Antonella","last_name":"Sarno","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SarnoAntonella","display_name":"Antonella Sarno","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SarnoAntonella?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37819,"name":"Erectile dysfunction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erectile_dysfunction?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":126964,"name":"Endocrine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrine?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":375034,"name":"Late onset hypogonadism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_onset_hypogonadism?f_ri=64657"},{"id":445229,"name":"Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gonadotropin_Releasing_Hormone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1130425,"name":"Luteinizing Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luteinizing_Hormone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1223743,"name":"Sperm Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sperm_Quality?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1310139,"name":"Follicle stimulating hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follicle_stimulating_hormone?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13289252" data-work_id="13289252" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13289252/Burnout_is_associated_with_elevated_prolactin_levels_in_men_but_not_in_women">Burnout is associated with elevated prolactin levels in men but not in women</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: Prolactin levels have been shown to be increased by different types of psychosocial stress. Since burnout is a consequence of long-term psychosocial stress, prolactin levels might also be affected in burnout. The aim of this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13289252" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: Prolactin levels have been shown to be increased by different types of psychosocial stress. Since burnout is a consequence of long-term psychosocial stress, prolactin levels might also be affected in burnout. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in prolactin levels between individuals who report burnout and others. Method: Morning fasting serum prolactin levels were compared between individuals who reported burnout (24 men and 25 women) and individuals who reported no burnout (25 men and 13 women). Women were tested in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Men and women were analysed separately. Results: Men who reported burnout exhibited significantly higher (34%) serum prolactin levels compared to men who reported no burnout. The prolactin levels in women who reported burnout were not different from the levels in the women who reported no burnout before or after adjusting for estradiol levels.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13289252" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="06100279a291a42ab4144989d7fde75c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45684281,"asset_id":13289252,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45684281/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32540982" href="https://gu-se.academia.edu/H%C3%A5kanBillig">Håkan Billig</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32540982" type="text/json">{"id":32540982,"first_name":"Håkan","last_name":"Billig","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"HåkanBillig","display_name":"Håkan Billig","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/H%C3%A5kanBillig?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13289252 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13289252"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13289252, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13289252", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13289252 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13289252; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13289252"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13289252 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13289252"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13289252; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13289252]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13289252").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13289252").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13289252"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71459" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fasting">Fasting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71459" type="text/json">{"id":71459,"name":"Fasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fasting?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88472" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burnout">Burnout</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88472" type="text/json">{"id":88472,"name":"Burnout","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burnout?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="361709" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychosomatic">Psychosomatic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="361709" type="text/json">{"id":361709,"name":"Psychosomatic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychosomatic?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13289252]'), work: {"id":13289252,"title":"Burnout is associated with elevated prolactin levels in men but not in women","created_at":"2015-06-25T12:57:39.020-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13289252/Burnout_is_associated_with_elevated_prolactin_levels_in_men_but_not_in_women?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_13289252","summary":"Objective: Prolactin levels have been shown to be increased by different types of psychosocial stress. Since burnout is a consequence of long-term psychosocial stress, prolactin levels might also be affected in burnout. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in prolactin levels between individuals who report burnout and others. Method: Morning fasting serum prolactin levels were compared between individuals who reported burnout (24 men and 25 women) and individuals who reported no burnout (25 men and 13 women). Women were tested in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Men and women were analysed separately. Results: Men who reported burnout exhibited significantly higher (34%) serum prolactin levels compared to men who reported no burnout. The prolactin levels in women who reported burnout were not different from the levels in the women who reported no burnout before or after adjusting for estradiol levels.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45684281,"asset_id":13289252,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32540982,"first_name":"Håkan","last_name":"Billig","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"HåkanBillig","display_name":"Håkan Billig","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/H%C3%A5kanBillig?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":71459,"name":"Fasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fasting?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":88472,"name":"Burnout","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burnout?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":361709,"name":"Psychosomatic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychosomatic?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=64657"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17713094" data-work_id="17713094" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17713094/Blunting_by_chronic_phosphatidylserine_administration_of_the_stress_induced_activation_of_the_hypothalamo_pituitary_adrenal_axis_in_healthy_men">Blunting by chronic phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The effect of chronic administration of phosphatidylserine derived from brain cortex on the neuroendocrine responses to physical stress has been examined in a placebo-controlled study in 9 healthy men.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a 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data-work-id="17713094"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17713094; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17713094]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17713094").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17713094").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17713094"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52562" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Hormone">Growth Hormone</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52562" type="text/json">{"id":52562,"name":"Growth Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Hormone?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58431" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortisol">Cortisol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58431" type="text/json">{"id":58431,"name":"Cortisol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortisol?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17713094]'), work: {"id":17713094,"title":"Blunting by chronic phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men","created_at":"2015-11-04T00:55:40.022-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17713094/Blunting_by_chronic_phosphatidylserine_administration_of_the_stress_induced_activation_of_the_hypothalamo_pituitary_adrenal_axis_in_healthy_men?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_17713094","summary":"The effect of chronic administration of phosphatidylserine derived from brain cortex on the neuroendocrine responses to physical stress has been examined in a placebo-controlled study in 9 healthy men.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39669632,"asset_id":17713094,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37621141,"first_name":"Palmiero","last_name":"Monteleone","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PalmieroMonteleone","display_name":"Palmiero Monteleone","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PalmieroMonteleone?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":52562,"name":"Growth Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Hormone?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":58431,"name":"Cortisol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortisol?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise?f_ri=64657"},{"id":279027,"name":"European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European?f_ri=64657"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=64657"},{"id":564888,"name":"Adrenocorticotropic Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adrenocorticotropic_Hormone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":722449,"name":"Physiological Stress Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiological_Stress_Markers?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13097985" data-work_id="13097985" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13097985/Assessment_of_cognitive_function_across_pregnancy_using_CANTAB_A_longitudinal_study">Assessment of cognitive function across pregnancy using CANTAB: A longitudinal study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Significant changes in endogenous plasma hormone levels are required to sustain pregnancy which provides a unique opportunity to study their effect on cognitive function.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm 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data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17113" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_recognition_Psychology_">Face recognition (Psychology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17113" type="text/json">{"id":17113,"name":"Face recognition (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_recognition_Psychology_?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13097985]'), work: {"id":13097985,"title":"Assessment of cognitive function across pregnancy using CANTAB: A longitudinal study","created_at":"2015-06-19T03:40:54.133-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13097985/Assessment_of_cognitive_function_across_pregnancy_using_CANTAB_A_longitudinal_study?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_13097985","summary":"Significant changes in endogenous plasma hormone levels are required to sustain pregnancy which provides a unique opportunity to study their effect on cognitive 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(Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_recognition_Psychology_?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":33732,"name":"Executive Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Executive_Function?f_ri=64657"},{"id":41819,"name":"Brain and Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_and_Cognition?f_ri=64657"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=64657"},{"id":64559,"name":"Progesterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Progesterone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":104853,"name":"Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hormones?f_ri=64657"},{"id":330953,"name":"Longitudinal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longitudinal_Studies?f_ri=64657"},{"id":564491,"name":"Dehydroepiandrosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dehydroepiandrosterone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":830651,"name":"Sex hormone-binding globulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_hormone-binding_globulin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1295208,"name":"Estradiol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estradiol?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45320528" data-work_id="45320528" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45320528/Sex_and_gender_differences_in_chronic_kidney_disease_progression_to_end_stage_renal_disease_and_haemodialysis">Sex and gender differences in chronic kidney disease: progression to end-stage renal disease and haemodialysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sex and gender differences are of fundamental importance in most diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Men and women with CKD differ with regard to the underlying pathophysiology of the disease and its complications, present... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45320528" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sex and gender differences are of fundamental importance in most diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Men and women with CKD differ with regard to the underlying pathophysiology of the disease and its complications, present different symptoms and signs, respond differently to therapy and tolerate/cope with the disease differently. Yet an approach using gender in the prevention and treatment of CKD, implementation of clinical practice guidelines and in research has been largely neglected. The present review highlights some sex- and gender-specific evidence in the field of CKD, starting with a critical appraisal of the lack of inclusion of women in randomized clinical trials in nephrology, and thereafter revisits sex/gender differences in kidney pathophysiology, kidney disease progression, outcomes and management of haemodialysis care. In each case we critically consider whether apparent discrepancies are likely to be explained by biological or psycho-socioeconomic factor...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45320528" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6157eec16915276f4810cf538fcdd45d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65865585,"asset_id":45320528,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65865585/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35260006" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FriedrichPort">Friedrich Port</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35260006" type="text/json">{"id":35260006,"first_name":"Friedrich","last_name":"Port","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FriedrichPort","display_name":"Friedrich Port","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FriedrichPort?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45320528 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45320528"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45320528, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45320528", }); 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Men and women with CKD differ with regard to the underlying pathophysiology of the disease and its complications, present different symptoms and signs, respond differently to therapy and tolerate/cope with the disease differently. Yet an approach using gender in the prevention and treatment of CKD, implementation of clinical practice guidelines and in research has been largely neglected. The present review highlights some sex- and gender-specific evidence in the field of CKD, starting with a critical appraisal of the lack of inclusion of women in randomized clinical trials in nephrology, and thereafter revisits sex/gender differences in kidney pathophysiology, kidney disease progression, outcomes and management of haemodialysis care. In each case we critically consider whether apparent discrepancies are likely to be explained by biological or psycho-socioeconomic factor...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65865585,"asset_id":45320528,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35260006,"first_name":"Friedrich","last_name":"Port","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FriedrichPort","display_name":"Friedrich Port","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FriedrichPort?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":71294,"name":"Kidney","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":93922,"name":"Nitric oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitric_oxide?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":584615,"name":"Disease Progression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Progression?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1106287,"name":"Chronic Kidney Failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Kidney_Failure?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1611680,"name":"Renal Dialysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_Dialysis?f_ri=64657"},{"id":2345130,"name":"Socioeconomic Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Factors?f_ri=64657"},{"id":2366663,"name":"Glomerular Filtration Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glomerular_Filtration_Rate?f_ri=64657"},{"id":2482506,"name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomized_Controlled_Trials_as_Topic?f_ri=64657"},{"id":2677637,"name":"Sex Characteristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Characteristics?f_ri=64657"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23151688 coauthored" data-work_id="23151688" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23151688/Lepidium_meyenii_Maca_improved_semen_parameters_in_adult_men">Lepidium meyenii (Maca) improved semen parameters in adult men</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present study was designed to determine the effect of a 4-month oral treatment with tablets of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on seminal analysis in nine adult normal men aged 24-44 years old. Nine men received tablets of Maca (1500 or 3000... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23151688" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present study was designed to determine the effect of a 4-month oral treatment with tablets of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on seminal analysis in nine adult normal men aged 24-44 years old. Nine men received tablets of Maca (1500 or 3000 mg/day) for 4 months. Seminal analysis was performed according to guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) were measured before and after treatment. Treatment with Maca resulted in increased seminal volume, sperm count per ejaculum, motile sperm count, and sperm motility. Serum hormone levels were not modified with Maca treatment. Increase of sperm count was not related to dose of Maca. Maca improved sperm production and sperm motility by mechanisms not related to LH, FSH, PRL, T and E2.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23151688" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d69b31d483f9cd2f741971ff7425d295" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43638007,"asset_id":23151688,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43638007/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44929809" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CordovaAmanda">Amanda Cordova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44929809" type="text/json">{"id":44929809,"first_name":"Amanda","last_name":"Cordova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CordovaAmanda","display_name":"Amanda Cordova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CordovaAmanda?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-23151688">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-23151688"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://upch.academia.edu/GustavoGonzales">Gustavo Gonzales</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-23151688'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-23151688').html(); 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Nine men received tablets of Maca (1500 or 3000 mg/day) for 4 months. Seminal analysis was performed according to guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) were measured before and after treatment. Treatment with Maca resulted in increased seminal volume, sperm count per ejaculum, motile sperm count, and sperm motility. Serum hormone levels were not modified with Maca treatment. Increase of sperm count was not related to dose of Maca. Maca improved sperm production and sperm motility by mechanisms not related to LH, FSH, PRL, T and E2.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43638007,"asset_id":23151688,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44929809,"first_name":"Amanda","last_name":"Cordova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CordovaAmanda","display_name":"Amanda Cordova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CordovaAmanda?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32946115,"first_name":"Gustavo","last_name":"Gonzales","domain_name":"upch","page_name":"GustavoGonzales","display_name":"Gustavo Gonzales","profile_url":"https://upch.academia.edu/GustavoGonzales?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7005,"name":"Asian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":69056,"name":"Testosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testosterone?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":897073,"name":"Sperm Motility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sperm_Motility?f_ri=64657"},{"id":963536,"name":"Sperm Count","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sperm_Count?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1130425,"name":"Luteinizing Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luteinizing_Hormone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1295208,"name":"Estradiol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estradiol?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1310139,"name":"Follicle stimulating hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follicle_stimulating_hormone?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35443737" data-work_id="35443737" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35443737/Harm_avoidance_and_serotonin">Harm avoidance and serotonin</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The relationships between the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and serotonergic activity has been described in some studies with controversial results. These studies have focused on specific patient populations rather than... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35443737" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The relationships between the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and serotonergic activity has been described in some studies with controversial results. These studies have focused on specific patient populations rather than normal controls. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine the relationships between the TPQ and serotonergic activity in a group of non-patient subjects. Twenty-three normal subjects answered the TPQ, and the serotonergic activity was assessed by the prolactin response to a highly potent and selective 5-HT1a agonist (flesinoxan). A positive relationship between harm avoidance and PRL response to flesinoxan was found. This study is consistent with the hypothesized link between serotonergic activity and the harm avoidance dimension of the biosocial model of Cloninger.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35443737" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="adddee23de3a4eb5e9dcde5455b454e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55305155,"asset_id":35443737,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55305155/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33788128" href="https://ulg.academia.edu/MichelHansenne">Michel Hansenne</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33788128" type="text/json">{"id":33788128,"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Hansenne","domain_name":"ulg","page_name":"MichelHansenne","display_name":"Michel Hansenne","profile_url":"https://ulg.academia.edu/MichelHansenne?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35443737 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35443737"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35443737, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35443737", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35443737]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35443737").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35443737").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35443737"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychology">Biological Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="225" type="text/json">{"id":225,"name":"Biological Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35443737]'), work: {"id":35443737,"title":"Harm avoidance and serotonin","created_at":"2017-12-16T05:11:57.548-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35443737/Harm_avoidance_and_serotonin?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_35443737","summary":"The relationships between the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and serotonergic activity has been described in some studies with controversial results. These studies have focused on specific patient populations rather than normal controls. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine the relationships between the TPQ and serotonergic activity in a group of non-patient subjects. Twenty-three normal subjects answered the TPQ, and the serotonergic activity was assessed by the prolactin response to a highly potent and selective 5-HT1a agonist (flesinoxan). A positive relationship between harm avoidance and PRL response to flesinoxan was found. This study is consistent with the hypothesized link between serotonergic activity and the harm avoidance dimension of the biosocial model of Cloninger.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55305155,"asset_id":35443737,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33788128,"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Hansenne","domain_name":"ulg","page_name":"MichelHansenne","display_name":"Michel Hansenne","profile_url":"https://ulg.academia.edu/MichelHansenne?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":225,"name":"Biological Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychology?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":2672,"name":"Personality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality?f_ri=64657"},{"id":6092,"name":"Personality Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Disorders?f_ri=64657"},{"id":51565,"name":"Serotonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":88878,"name":"Questionnaire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaire?f_ri=64657"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1013716,"name":"Harm Avoidance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harm_Avoidance?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1648955,"name":"Radioimmunoassay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radioimmunoassay?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5118101" data-work_id="5118101" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5118101/Differences_between_men_and_women_as_regards_the_effects_of_protein_energy_malnutrition_on_the_hypothalamic_pituitary_gonadal_axis">Differences between men and women as regards the effects of protein-energy malnutrition on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) affects 50% of hospitalized patients, its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal (HPG) axis have not been extensively investigated. To investigate the effects of PEM on the HPG axis in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5118101" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) affects 50% of hospitalized patients, its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal (HPG) axis have not been extensively investigated. To investigate the effects of PEM on the HPG axis in hospitalized patients, 62 inpatients ages 18 -91 y (35 men and 27 women) had a nutritional and hormonal evaluation. Hormones were determined in blood samples obtained between 0700 and 1200 h. Patients were divided into two subgroups: those with body mass index (BMI) Ͻ 18.5 kg/m 2 (low body mass index [LBMI]; 16 men, 13 women) and those with BMI Ͼ 20 kg/m 2 (normal-high body mass index [NHBMI]; 19 men, 14 women). The nutritional parameters of LBMI patients were inferior to those of NHBMI patients. Total and free testosterone levels were subnormal, 31.4% and 17.2% respectively, in all men; free testosterone was subnormal in 31.25% of LBMI versus 5.3% of NHBMI male patients and total testosterone concentration was subnormal in 43.8% of LBMI versus 21.1% of NHBMI male patients. Luteinizing hormone (LH) level was higher in LBMI men than in NHBMI men, whereas the reverse was the case for women, for whom follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) also was lower in the LBMI group than the NHBMI group. The HPG axis hormones which best discriminated between the LBMI and NHBMI groups were free testosterone for men and LH and FSH for women, which were all lower in the LBMI than in the NHBMI group. LH was correlated with BMI and midupper arm muscle circumference (AMC) (women positively and men negatively) but not with triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF). Total testosterone level was positively correlated with AMC and free testosterone with TSF. Hypogonadism is common among hospitalized patients with PEM. Men with PEM have low testosterone levels with normal or high gonadotropin levels, which suggests impairment of Leydig cell function. Women with PEM suffer hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. AMC correlates positively with total serum testosterone concentration in men and with LH levels in women, suggesting that satisfactory function of the HPG axis requires a functional (protein) reserve as well as an energy (fat) reserve. Nutrition 1999;15:351-358.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5118101" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e12db109a94d6007d51ae870220e7d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49442511,"asset_id":5118101,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49442511/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6879720" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DANIELPRIETO3">DANIEL PRIETO</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6879720" type="text/json">{"id":6879720,"first_name":"DANIEL","last_name":"PRIETO","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DANIELPRIETO3","display_name":"DANIEL PRIETO","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DANIELPRIETO3?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5118101 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5118101"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5118101, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5118101", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5118101 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5118101; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5118101"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5118101 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5118101"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5118101; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5118101]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5118101").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5118101").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5118101"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1907" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition">Nutrition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1907" type="text/json">{"id":1907,"name":"Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69056" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testosterone">Testosterone</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69056" type="text/json">{"id":69056,"name":"Testosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testosterone?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69565" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Growth_Hormone">Human Growth Hormone</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69565" type="text/json">{"id":69565,"name":"Human Growth Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Growth_Hormone?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5118101]'), work: {"id":5118101,"title":"Differences between men and women as regards the effects of protein-energy malnutrition on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis","created_at":"2013-11-15T23:48:16.054-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5118101/Differences_between_men_and_women_as_regards_the_effects_of_protein_energy_malnutrition_on_the_hypothalamic_pituitary_gonadal_axis?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_5118101","summary":"Although protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) affects 50% of hospitalized patients, its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal (HPG) axis have not been extensively investigated. To investigate the effects of PEM on the HPG axis in hospitalized patients, 62 inpatients ages 18 -91 y (35 men and 27 women) had a nutritional and hormonal evaluation. Hormones were determined in blood samples obtained between 0700 and 1200 h. Patients were divided into two subgroups: those with body mass index (BMI) Ͻ 18.5 kg/m 2 (low body mass index [LBMI]; 16 men, 13 women) and those with BMI Ͼ 20 kg/m 2 (normal-high body mass index [NHBMI]; 19 men, 14 women). The nutritional parameters of LBMI patients were inferior to those of NHBMI patients. Total and free testosterone levels were subnormal, 31.4% and 17.2% respectively, in all men; free testosterone was subnormal in 31.25% of LBMI versus 5.3% of NHBMI male patients and total testosterone concentration was subnormal in 43.8% of LBMI versus 21.1% of NHBMI male patients. Luteinizing hormone (LH) level was higher in LBMI men than in NHBMI men, whereas the reverse was the case for women, for whom follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) also was lower in the LBMI group than the NHBMI group. The HPG axis hormones which best discriminated between the LBMI and NHBMI groups were free testosterone for men and LH and FSH for women, which were all lower in the LBMI than in the NHBMI group. LH was correlated with BMI and midupper arm muscle circumference (AMC) (women positively and men negatively) but not with triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF). Total testosterone level was positively correlated with AMC and free testosterone with TSF. Hypogonadism is common among hospitalized patients with PEM. Men with PEM have low testosterone levels with normal or high gonadotropin levels, which suggests impairment of Leydig cell function. Women with PEM suffer hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. AMC correlates positively with total serum testosterone concentration in men and with LH levels in women, suggesting that satisfactory function of the HPG axis requires a functional (protein) reserve as well as an energy (fat) reserve. Nutrition 1999;15:351-358.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49442511,"asset_id":5118101,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6879720,"first_name":"DANIEL","last_name":"PRIETO","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DANIELPRIETO3","display_name":"DANIEL PRIETO","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DANIELPRIETO3?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1907,"name":"Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":69056,"name":"Testosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testosterone?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":69565,"name":"Human Growth Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Growth_Hormone?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":75509,"name":"Sex Difference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Difference?f_ri=64657"},{"id":95704,"name":"Hypothalamus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypothalamus?f_ri=64657"},{"id":103298,"name":"Blood sampling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_sampling?f_ri=64657"},{"id":141399,"name":"Thyroxine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroxine?f_ri=64657"},{"id":192564,"name":"Body Mass Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index?f_ri=64657"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=64657"},{"id":293670,"name":"Pituitary Gland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pituitary_Gland?f_ri=64657"},{"id":353233,"name":"Body mass index (BMI)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_mass_index_BMI_?f_ri=64657"},{"id":830651,"name":"Sex hormone-binding globulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_hormone-binding_globulin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":833228,"name":"Human Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Disease?f_ri=64657"},{"id":922296,"name":"Review of Literature Protein Energy Malnutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Review_of_Literature_Protein_Energy_Malnutrition?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1130425,"name":"Luteinizing Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luteinizing_Hormone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1310139,"name":"Follicle stimulating hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follicle_stimulating_hormone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1386616,"name":"Gonads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gonads?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25662971" data-work_id="25662971" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25662971/Basal_Serum_Prolactin_Levels_in_Obesity_Unrelated_to_Parameters_of_the_Metabolic_Syndrome_and_Unchanged_After_Massive_Weight_Loss">Basal Serum Prolactin Levels in Obesity—Unrelated to Parameters of the Metabolic Syndrome and Unchanged After Massive Weight Loss</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Prolactin (PRL) has been proposed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of obesity. To further elucidate the relationship between PRL and obesity-related metabolic disturbances, we performed a large crosssectional... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25662971" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Prolactin (PRL) has been proposed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of obesity. To further elucidate the relationship between PRL and obesity-related metabolic disturbances, we performed a large crosssectional study and also reassessed serum PRL levels in a subsample~1 year after gastric bypass surgery. Methods In the cross-sectional part of the study, we assessed basal serum PRL levels in 344 obese subjects (68% women; BMI mean ± SD, 44.3±6.6 kg/m 2 ; range 27.0-67.0 kg/m 2 ) along with measurements of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDLcholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, high sensitive (hs) C-reactive protein, and fat mass assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. In 38 patients, we reassessed PRL levels~1 year after they have undergone a gastric bypass operation. Results Women displayed higher basal PRL levels than men (9.0±4.8 vs. 7.9±3.6 μg/l, P=0.03). Basal PRL levels were neither significantly correlated with the BMI of the subjects (r=−0.05, P=0.77) nor with any other of the assessed variables (all r<0.16, P>0.06) even after adjusting for the influence of sex. After massive surgically induced weight loss that on average almost approached 50 kg, basal serum PRL levels remained completely unchanged (before vs. after, 9.1±6.0 vs. 9.2±4.6 μg/l, P=0.86). However, preoperative PRL levels significantly correlated with that assessed after the operation (r=0.47; P=0.005).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25662971" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="88b1d4b01cf9a21aedf3f8e9a30fdcb5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45999928,"asset_id":25662971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45999928/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49326956" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BerndSchultes">Bernd Schultes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49326956" type="text/json">{"id":49326956,"first_name":"Bernd","last_name":"Schultes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BerndSchultes","display_name":"Bernd Schultes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BerndSchultes?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25662971 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25662971"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25662971, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25662971", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25662971]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25662971").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25662971").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25662971"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37818" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_syndrome">Metabolic syndrome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37818" type="text/json">{"id":37818,"name":"Metabolic syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_syndrome?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51566" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine">Dopamine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51566" type="text/json">{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25662971]'), work: {"id":25662971,"title":"Basal Serum Prolactin Levels in Obesity—Unrelated to Parameters of the Metabolic Syndrome and Unchanged After Massive Weight Loss","created_at":"2016-05-27T11:12:35.798-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25662971/Basal_Serum_Prolactin_Levels_in_Obesity_Unrelated_to_Parameters_of_the_Metabolic_Syndrome_and_Unchanged_After_Massive_Weight_Loss?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_25662971","summary":"Background Prolactin (PRL) has been proposed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of obesity. To further elucidate the relationship between PRL and obesity-related metabolic disturbances, we performed a large crosssectional study and also reassessed serum PRL levels in a subsample~1 year after gastric bypass surgery. Methods In the cross-sectional part of the study, we assessed basal serum PRL levels in 344 obese subjects (68% women; BMI mean ± SD, 44.3±6.6 kg/m 2 ; range 27.0-67.0 kg/m 2 ) along with measurements of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDLcholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, high sensitive (hs) C-reactive protein, and fat mass assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. In 38 patients, we reassessed PRL levels~1 year after they have undergone a gastric bypass operation. Results Women displayed higher basal PRL levels than men (9.0±4.8 vs. 7.9±3.6 μg/l, P=0.03). Basal PRL levels were neither significantly correlated with the BMI of the subjects (r=−0.05, P=0.77) nor with any other of the assessed variables (all r\u003c0.16, P\u003e0.06) even after adjusting for the influence of sex. After massive surgically induced weight loss that on average almost approached 50 kg, basal serum PRL levels remained completely unchanged (before vs. after, 9.1±6.0 vs. 9.2±4.6 μg/l, P=0.86). However, preoperative PRL levels significantly correlated with that assessed after the operation (r=0.47; P=0.005).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45999928,"asset_id":25662971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49326956,"first_name":"Bernd","last_name":"Schultes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BerndSchultes","display_name":"Bernd Schultes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BerndSchultes?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":37818,"name":"Metabolic syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_syndrome?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":71300,"name":"Blood Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Glucose?f_ri=64657"},{"id":71400,"name":"Insulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insulin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":89805,"name":"Weight Loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Loss?f_ri=64657"},{"id":90514,"name":"Cholesterol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cholesterol?f_ri=64657"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=64657"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=64657"},{"id":142718,"name":"Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioelectrical_Impedance_Analysis?f_ri=64657"},{"id":192564,"name":"Body Mass Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index?f_ri=64657"},{"id":218811,"name":"Obesity Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity_Surgery?f_ri=64657"},{"id":227299,"name":"Triglycerides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Triglycerides?f_ri=64657"},{"id":227308,"name":"LDL-cholesterol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/LDL-cholesterol?f_ri=64657"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=64657"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=64657"},{"id":295452,"name":"C reactive protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/C_reactive_protein?f_ri=64657"},{"id":353163,"name":"Fat Mass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fat_Mass?f_ri=64657"},{"id":404000,"name":"Cross Section","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Section?f_ri=64657"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=64657"},{"id":799543,"name":"Gastric Bypass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastric_Bypass?f_ri=64657"},{"id":962638,"name":"High Sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Sensitivity?f_ri=64657"},{"id":966020,"name":"Cross sectional Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_sectional_Study?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1114258,"name":"Level","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Level?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1274497,"name":"Total Cholesterol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Total_Cholesterol?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22657701" data-work_id="22657701" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22657701/Circadian_rhythm_of_tryptophan_serotonin_melatonin_and_pituitary_hormones_in_schizophrenia">Circadian rhythm of tryptophan, serotonin, melatonin, and pituitary hormones in schizophrenia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Circadian rhythm abnormalities have been described mostly with respect to manic.depressive illness; little information is available concerning circadian rhythms and schizophrenia or their influence on neuroleptic drugs. We showed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22657701" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Circadian rhythm abnormalities have been described mostly with respect to manic.depressive illness; little information is available concerning circadian rhythms and schizophrenia or their influence on neuroleptic drugs. We showed previously that the ME$OR of dopamine is higher in schizophrenic patients than in healthy subjects and that women who are drug-free schizophrenic have lower prolactin MESORs and lower amplitudes than healthy women. We now report the data of a cosinor analysis of tryptophan, serotonin, melatonin, and pituitary hormones in the blood of 34 healthy subjects, 90 drug-free schi,.ophrenics, and 25 neuroleptictreated schizophrenic patients. This data indicated a signOtcant phase advance of serum tryptophan, prolactin, and melatonin concentrations, a trend toward a phase advance in serotonin. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and growth hormone concentrations, and decreases in the TSH ME$ORs among patients compared to healthy subjects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22657701" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7f21314afec476ef1e588b9b5f44a9e4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43247186,"asset_id":22657701,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43247186/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5388921" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MatthewMarler">Matthew Marler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5388921" type="text/json">{"id":5388921,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Marler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatthewMarler","display_name":"Matthew Marler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MatthewMarler?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5388921/2365115/2755940/s65_matthew.marler.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22657701 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22657701"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22657701, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22657701", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22657701 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22657701; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22657701"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22657701 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22657701"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22657701; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22657701]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22657701").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22657701").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22657701"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3227" type="text/json">{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry">Biological Psychiatry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49600" type="text/json">{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22657701]'), work: {"id":22657701,"title":"Circadian rhythm of tryptophan, serotonin, melatonin, and pituitary hormones in schizophrenia","created_at":"2016-03-01T09:33:40.988-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22657701/Circadian_rhythm_of_tryptophan_serotonin_melatonin_and_pituitary_hormones_in_schizophrenia?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_22657701","summary":"Circadian rhythm abnormalities have been described mostly with respect to manic.depressive illness; little information is available concerning circadian rhythms and schizophrenia or their influence on neuroleptic drugs. We showed previously that the ME$OR of dopamine is higher in schizophrenic patients than in healthy subjects and that women who are drug-free schizophrenic have lower prolactin MESORs and lower amplitudes than healthy women. We now report the data of a cosinor analysis of tryptophan, serotonin, melatonin, and pituitary hormones in the blood of 34 healthy subjects, 90 drug-free schi,.ophrenics, and 25 neuroleptictreated schizophrenic patients. This data indicated a signOtcant phase advance of serum tryptophan, prolactin, and melatonin concentrations, a trend toward a phase advance in serotonin. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and growth hormone concentrations, and decreases in the TSH ME$ORs among patients compared to healthy subjects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43247186,"asset_id":22657701,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5388921,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Marler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatthewMarler","display_name":"Matthew Marler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MatthewMarler?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5388921/2365115/2755940/s65_matthew.marler.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":51565,"name":"Serotonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":51570,"name":"Melatonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melatonin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":52562,"name":"Growth Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Hormone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657"},{"id":89121,"name":"Circadian Rhythm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circadian_Rhythm?f_ri=64657"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=64657"},{"id":202225,"name":"Tryptophan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tryptophan?f_ri=64657"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1252054,"name":"Pituitary Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pituitary_Hormones?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1287778" data-work_id="1287778" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1287778/Comparison_between_serum_prolactin_levels_determined_by_VIDAS_and_RIA_techniques">Comparison between serum prolactin levels determined by VIDAS and RIA techniques.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Human prolactin can be determined in human serum or plasma quantitatively by many techniques such as ELISA, RIA, and ELFA (miniVIDAS). Objectives: To estimate the strength of association of total serum prolactin and free serum... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1287778" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Human prolactin can be determined in human serum or plasma quantitatively by many techniques such as ELISA, RIA, and ELFA (miniVIDAS). Objectives: To estimate the strength of association of total serum prolactin and free serum prolactin values measured by two different methods [RIA and VIDAS]. And to predict the prolactin value measured by RIA corresponding to a given value by VIDAS. Methods: Two technical methods VIDAS and RIA were used in determination of prolactin level in sera of twenty five women with uterine fibroid conducted at two laboratories admitted at Al-Khademyia Teaching Hospital during the period January 2008 to April 2009. Total and free serum prolactin was measured by both VIDAS and RIA using their assay kits. Statistical methods of correlation and regression were used to compare between the two methods. Results: The study revealed a highly significant positive correlations between VIDAS and RIA total and free serum prolactin, r=0.999, R 2 = 0.998, P<0.001, r=0.998, R 2 = 0.997, P< 0.001 respectively. High linear regression equations were found between VIDAS and RIA total and free serum prolactin, y= 0.358x+ 0.57, R 2 = 0.998 and y= 0.355x+0.49, R 2 = 0.997 respectively. The recovery percentages of prolactin (R %) in two methods were approximately equal to each other, VIDAS R%=50.52±0.89% and RIA R%= 50.38±1.57% respectively. Conclusion: A highly significant positive correlation was found between RIA and VIDAS for both total and free serum prolactin. And high linear regression equations were found between the two methods to predict RIA values corresponding to a given VIDAS value.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1287778" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="629161c02dc43d5656e05785b844bba5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31030479,"asset_id":1287778,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31030479/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="386709" href="https://alnahrainuniversity.academia.edu/DrRiaSuleimanBaban">Rayah Sulaiman Baban</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="386709" type="text/json">{"id":386709,"first_name":"Rayah","last_name":"Sulaiman Baban","domain_name":"alnahrainuniversity","page_name":"DrRiaSuleimanBaban","display_name":"Rayah Sulaiman Baban","profile_url":"https://alnahrainuniversity.academia.edu/DrRiaSuleimanBaban?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/386709/120547/11105222/s65_rayah.sulaiman_baban.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1287778 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1287778"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1287778, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1287778", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1287778 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1287778; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1287778"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1287778 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1287778"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1287778; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1287778]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1287778").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1287778").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1287778"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="746385" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/VIDAS">VIDAS</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="746385" type="text/json">{"id":746385,"name":"VIDAS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/VIDAS?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1287778]'), work: {"id":1287778,"title":"Comparison between serum prolactin levels determined by VIDAS and RIA techniques.","created_at":"2012-01-25T04:22:56.986-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1287778/Comparison_between_serum_prolactin_levels_determined_by_VIDAS_and_RIA_techniques?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_1287778","summary":"Background: Human prolactin can be determined in human serum or plasma quantitatively by many techniques such as ELISA, RIA, and ELFA (miniVIDAS). Objectives: To estimate the strength of association of total serum prolactin and free serum prolactin values measured by two different methods [RIA and VIDAS]. And to predict the prolactin value measured by RIA corresponding to a given value by VIDAS. Methods: Two technical methods VIDAS and RIA were used in determination of prolactin level in sera of twenty five women with uterine fibroid conducted at two laboratories admitted at Al-Khademyia Teaching Hospital during the period January 2008 to April 2009. Total and free serum prolactin was measured by both VIDAS and RIA using their assay kits. Statistical methods of correlation and regression were used to compare between the two methods. Results: The study revealed a highly significant positive correlations between VIDAS and RIA total and free serum prolactin, r=0.999, R 2 = 0.998, P\u003c0.001, r=0.998, R 2 = 0.997, P\u003c 0.001 respectively. High linear regression equations were found between VIDAS and RIA total and free serum prolactin, y= 0.358x+ 0.57, R 2 = 0.998 and y= 0.355x+0.49, R 2 = 0.997 respectively. The recovery percentages of prolactin (R %) in two methods were approximately equal to each other, VIDAS R%=50.52±0.89% and RIA R%= 50.38±1.57% respectively. Conclusion: A highly significant positive correlation was found between RIA and VIDAS for both total and free serum prolactin. And high linear regression equations were found between the two methods to predict RIA values corresponding to a given VIDAS value.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31030479,"asset_id":1287778,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":386709,"first_name":"Rayah","last_name":"Sulaiman Baban","domain_name":"alnahrainuniversity","page_name":"DrRiaSuleimanBaban","display_name":"Rayah Sulaiman Baban","profile_url":"https://alnahrainuniversity.academia.edu/DrRiaSuleimanBaban?f_ri=64657","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/386709/120547/11105222/s65_rayah.sulaiman_baban.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":746385,"name":"VIDAS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/VIDAS?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27315110" data-work_id="27315110" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27315110/Gender_and_schizophrenia">Gender and schizophrenia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A B STRA CT~What are the important ge n d er differences seen in men and women with schizophrenia? Although schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency, the illness is ex p ressed differently between the sexe s . Women with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27315110" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A B STRA CT~What are the important ge n d er differences seen in men and women with schizophrenia? Although schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency, the illness is ex p ressed differently between the sexe s . Women with sch i z o p h renia tend to have b e t ter premorbid functioning, a later age at onset, a distinct symptom profile and better course of i l l n e s s , and different stru c tu ral brain abnormalities and cognitive def i c i t s . A d d i t i o n a l l y, p re m e n o p ausal women appear to have a superior response to ty p i ca l antipsychotics compared to men and postmenopausal women. These gender differences are thought to arise from the interplay between hormonal and psychosocial factors. It has been hypothesized that estro ge n , with effects on both neuro d evelopment and neuro tra n s m i ssion, may play a protective role in women with schizophrenia and account for some of the gender differences observed in the disorder. Despite the potential benefit of estrogen in this population, women with schizophrenia appear to be at risk for hypoestrogenism, either as a consequence of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia or, possibly, as a manifestation o f the illness itsel f. The mechanism and consequences of h y p o e s tro genism in women with s ch i z o p h re n i a , as well as the role for hormonal therapies in this population, re q u i re further study. Ps ych o ph a rm a c o l o gy Bull e t i n . 2 0 0 7 ; 4 0 ( 4 ) : 1 7 8 -1 9 0 . beneficial role in women with sch i zo ph re n i a , a d d i t i onal attention is give n to the neuro e n d o c rine side-effects of antipsychotic medica t i on in w om e n , as well as to possible horm onal manife s t a t i ons of sch i zo ph renia itself.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27315110" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="78a7b42dfab1ca14f18b986d0e5cfd41" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47571567,"asset_id":27315110,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47571567/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51424041" href="https://molbiosci-rutgers.academia.edu/GahanPandina">Gahan Pandina</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51424041" type="text/json">{"id":51424041,"first_name":"Gahan","last_name":"Pandina","domain_name":"molbiosci-rutgers","page_name":"GahanPandina","display_name":"Gahan Pandina","profile_url":"https://molbiosci-rutgers.academia.edu/GahanPandina?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27315110 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27315110"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27315110, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27315110", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27315110]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27315110").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27315110").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27315110"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3227" type="text/json">{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61474" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain">Brain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61474" type="text/json">{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin">Prolactin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64657" type="text/json">{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="358428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estrogens">Estrogens</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="358428" type="text/json">{"id":358428,"name":"Estrogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estrogens?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27315110]'), work: {"id":27315110,"title":"Gender and schizophrenia","created_at":"2016-07-27T12:40:58.937-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27315110/Gender_and_schizophrenia?f_ri=64657","dom_id":"work_27315110","summary":"A B STRA CT~What are the important ge n d er differences seen in men and women with schizophrenia? Although schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency, the illness is ex p ressed differently between the sexe s . Women with sch i z o p h renia tend to have b e t ter premorbid functioning, a later age at onset, a distinct symptom profile and better course of i l l n e s s , and different stru c tu ral brain abnormalities and cognitive def i c i t s . A d d i t i o n a l l y, p re m e n o p ausal women appear to have a superior response to ty p i ca l antipsychotics compared to men and postmenopausal women. These gender differences are thought to arise from the interplay between hormonal and psychosocial factors. It has been hypothesized that estro ge n , with effects on both neuro d evelopment and neuro tra n s m i ssion, may play a protective role in women with schizophrenia and account for some of the gender differences observed in the disorder. Despite the potential benefit of estrogen in this population, women with schizophrenia appear to be at risk for hypoestrogenism, either as a consequence of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia or, possibly, as a manifestation o f the illness itsel f. The mechanism and consequences of h y p o e s tro genism in women with s ch i z o p h re n i a , as well as the role for hormonal therapies in this population, re q u i re further study. Ps ych o ph a rm a c o l o gy Bull e t i n . 2 0 0 7 ; 4 0 ( 4 ) : 1 7 8 -1 9 0 . beneficial role in women with sch i zo ph re n i a , a d d i t i onal attention is give n to the neuro e n d o c rine side-effects of antipsychotic medica t i on in w om e n , as well as to possible horm onal manife s t a t i ons of sch i zo ph renia itself.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47571567,"asset_id":27315110,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51424041,"first_name":"Gahan","last_name":"Pandina","domain_name":"molbiosci-rutgers","page_name":"GahanPandina","display_name":"Gahan Pandina","profile_url":"https://molbiosci-rutgers.academia.edu/GahanPandina?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":358428,"name":"Estrogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estrogens?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":1489115,"name":"Age of Onset","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_of_Onset?f_ri=64657"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15339314" data-work_id="15339314" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15339314/Effects_of_mirtazapine_on_growth_hormone_prolactin_and_cortisol_secretion_in_healthy_male_subjects">Effects of mirtazapine on growth hormone, prolactin, and cortisol secretion in healthy male subjects</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the present study the effects of acute PO-administration of 15 mg mirtazapine on the growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and cortisol (COR) secretion were examined in eight physically and mentally healthy male subjects, compared to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15339314" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the present study the effects of acute PO-administration of 15 mg mirtazapine on the growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and cortisol (COR) secretion were examined in eight physically and mentally healthy male subjects, compared to placebo. Mirtazapine is a new antidepressant agent which does not inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine or serotonin but is an antagonist of presynaptic and, presumably, postsynaptic a 2 -receptors as well as an antagonist of postsynpatic 5-HT 2 and 5-HT 3 -receptors. After insertion of an IV catheter, blood samples were drawn 1 h prior to the administration of mirtazapine or placebo, at time of application, and during the time of 4 h after application in periods of 30 min. Plasma concentrations of GH, PRL, and COR were determined in each blood sample by double antibody RIA methods. The area under the curve (AUC) value was used as parameter for the GH, PRL, and COR response. With respect to GH and PRL secretion, mirtazapine did not show any effects in comparison with placebo. However, in all subjects, the COR concentrations were remarkably lower after mirtazapine compared to placebo, the difference being obvious in the mean value graphs 60 min after the application up to the end of the measurement period. The t-test for paired samples revealed a highly significant difference (PB 0.01) in COR-AUC-values between the mirtazapine group (mean COR-AUC: 1558.07 mg/100 ml ×240 min) and the placebo group (mean COR-AUC: 2698.86 mg/100 ml×240 min). Further studies have to elucidate the question whether the demonstrated inhibition of COR secretion after application of 15 mg mirtazapine is caused by central or peripheral effects of this substance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15339314" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d819691663414253a4a9cc2905872f21" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43320323,"asset_id":15339314,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43320323/download_file?st=MTc0MDg1MjI0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34458609" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasBaghai">Thomas Baghai</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34458609" type="text/json">{"id":34458609,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Baghai","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ThomasBaghai","display_name":"Thomas Baghai","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasBaghai?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15339314 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15339314"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15339314, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15339314", }); 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Mirtazapine is a new antidepressant agent which does not inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine or serotonin but is an antagonist of presynaptic and, presumably, postsynaptic a 2 -receptors as well as an antagonist of postsynpatic 5-HT 2 and 5-HT 3 -receptors. After insertion of an IV catheter, blood samples were drawn 1 h prior to the administration of mirtazapine or placebo, at time of application, and during the time of 4 h after application in periods of 30 min. Plasma concentrations of GH, PRL, and COR were determined in each blood sample by double antibody RIA methods. The area under the curve (AUC) value was used as parameter for the GH, PRL, and COR response. With respect to GH and PRL secretion, mirtazapine did not show any effects in comparison with placebo. However, in all subjects, the COR concentrations were remarkably lower after mirtazapine compared to placebo, the difference being obvious in the mean value graphs 60 min after the application up to the end of the measurement period. The t-test for paired samples revealed a highly significant difference (PB 0.01) in COR-AUC-values between the mirtazapine group (mean COR-AUC: 1558.07 mg/100 ml ×240 min) and the placebo group (mean COR-AUC: 2698.86 mg/100 ml×240 min). Further studies have to elucidate the question whether the demonstrated inhibition of COR secretion after application of 15 mg mirtazapine is caused by central or peripheral effects of this substance.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43320323,"asset_id":15339314,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34458609,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Baghai","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ThomasBaghai","display_name":"Thomas Baghai","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasBaghai?f_ri=64657","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":51565,"name":"Serotonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":52562,"name":"Growth Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Hormone?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":58431,"name":"Cortisol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortisol?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=64657","nofollow":true},{"id":69565,"name":"Human Growth Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Growth_Hormone?f_ri=64657"},{"id":103298,"name":"Blood sampling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_sampling?f_ri=64657"},{"id":133761,"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychoneuroendocrinology?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1141485,"name":"Area Under the Curve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Area_Under_the_Curve?f_ri=64657"},{"id":1309706,"name":"Area Under 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