Construction Technologies and Architecture Vol. 4

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="description" content="This volume is the collection of selected peer-reviewed articles which were presented at the World Sustainable Construction Conference Series 2022 (WSCC 2022), held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in October 2022. This proceeding includes articles reflecting the current level of development and the degree of implementation of the concept of sustainability in the construction sector. The presented collection will be helpful and interesting to engineers from various branches of modern construction." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.scientific.net/CTA.4" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Construction Technologies and Architecture Vol. 4 | Scientific.Net" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.scientific.net/CTA.4" /> <meta property="og:image" content="/Content/app/scinet5/images/metadata_logo.png" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="261" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="260" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Scientific.Net Logo" /> <title>Construction Technologies and Architecture Vol. 4 | Scientific.Net</title> <link href="/Content/app/scinet5/images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /> <link href="/Content/public.min.css?v=BKBihgCkUm340JBGsNjEPtWz8I22CUsubMPC3V1WYzw" rel="stylesheet" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.gstatic.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"> <link rel="icon" href="/Content/app/scinet5/images/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/Content/app/scinet5/images/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans+Condensed:300,700%7COpen+Sans:300i,400,400i,600,600i,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">    <script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-T3VDKWV');</script>  </head> <body> <noscript>  <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T3VDKWV" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <div class="sc-content-container"> <div class="sc-content"> <div class="header-menu-container"> <div class="identity-menu-container header-menu-container-not-logged-in"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <ul class="role-menu"> <li class="user-menu between normal-user-menu"> <div class="hdivider-100"></div> <div class="cart-info"> <a href="https://main.scientific.net/Payment/Cart"> <i class="inline-icon cart-icon-white"></i> <span id="cartInfoTotalItemsCount"></span> </a> </div> <div class="user-menu-login-or-register"> <a href="https://main.scientific.net/Account/Registration?ReturnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FCTA.4" rel="nofollow"> Registration </a> <a href="https://main.scientific.net/Account/Login?ReturnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FCTA.4" rel="nofollow"> Log In </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="block-header"> <div class="logo-block"> <a href="/" class="application-logo inline-icon logo-icon"></a> <div class="burger-menu-button visible-xs"> <div class="hamburger-box"> <div class="hamburger-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-and-search-block"> <div class="burger-menu"> <nav class="burger-menu-items"> <div class="public-menu"> <ul> <li><a href="/ForLibraries">For Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/ForPublication/Paper">For Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/DocuCenter">Downloads</a></li> <li><a href="/news/all">News</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/AboutUs">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Contacts">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="header-menu-top"> <div class="header-menu-list"> <a href="/ForLibraries">For Libraries</a> <a href="/ForPublication/Paper">For Publication</a> <a href="/DocuCenter">Downloads</a> <a href="/news/all">News</a> <a href="/Home/AboutUs">About Us</a> <a href="/Home/Contacts">Contact Us</a> </div> </div> <div class="search-block"> <input class="search-control" type="search" placeholder="Search" data-url="/Search"> <button class="button button-95 button-grey search-btn button-simple"> <span class="hidden-xs">Search</span> <i class="inline-icon search-icon-grey visible-xs"></i> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="banner-new"></div> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="container"> <div class="row content-container"> <div class="left-content col-md-4 col-sm-5"> <div class="left-content-first-line icon-container mobile-collapse-button"> <div class="page-name-block underline-begin sibling-name-block"> <div class="page-name-block-text"> Volumes <a class="left-content-expand-button"><i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-hover-icon on-focus-arrow-down-black"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row mobile-collapse-content"> <a href="/CTA.13" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Construction Technologies and Architecture <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 13</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/CTA.12" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Construction Technologies and Architecture <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 12</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/CTA.11" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Construction Technologies and Architecture <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 11</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/CTA.10" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Construction Technologies and Architecture <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 10</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/CTA.9" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Construction Technologies and Architecture <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 9</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/CTA.8" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Construction Technologies and Architecture <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 8</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/CTA.7" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Construction Technologies and Architecture <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 7</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/CTA.6" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Construction Technologies and Architecture <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 6</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/CTA.5" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Construction Technologies and Architecture <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 5</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/CTA.4" class="normal-large-text icon-container active-element active"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Construction Technologies and Architecture <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 4</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/CTA.3" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Construction Technologies and Architecture <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 3</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/CTA.2" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Construction Technologies and Architecture <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 2</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/CTA.1" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Construction Technologies and Architecture <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 1</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="right-content col-md-8 col-sm-7 col-xs-12"> <div class="bread-crumbs hidden-xs"> <a class="bread-crumbs-first" href="/">Home</a><i class="inline-icon arrow-breadcrumbs"></i><a class="bread-crumbs-first" href="/CTA">Construction Technologies and Architecture</a><i class="inline-icon arrow-breadcrumbs"></i><span class="bread-crumbs-second">Construction Technologies and Architecture Vol. 4</span></div> <div class="page-name-block underline-begin"> <h1 class="page-name-block-text">Construction Technologies and Architecture Vol. 4</h1> </div> <div class="clearfix title-details"> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Title:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p>Sustainable Construction (WSCC 2022)</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Subtitle:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p>Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the World Sustainable Construction Conference Series 2022 (WSCC 2022)</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Edited by:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p>Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>DOI:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.4028/v-445890">https://doi.org/10.4028/v-445890</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="titleMarcXmlLink" style="display: none" class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Export:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="/CTA.4/marc.xml">MARCXML</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>ToC:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="/CTA.4_toc.pdf">Table of Contents</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="volume-tabs"> </div> <div class=""> <div class="volume-papers-page"> <div class="block-search-pagination clearfix"> <div class="block-search-volume"> <input id="paper-search" type="search" placeholder="Search" maxlength="65"> </div> <div class="pagination-container"><ul class="pagination"><li class="active"><span>1</span></li><li><a href="/CTA.4/2">2</a></li><li class="PagedList-skipToNext"><a href="/CTA.4/2" rel="next">></a></li></ul></div> </div> <div class="block-volume-title normal-text-gray"> <p> Paper Title <span>Page</span> </p> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/CTA.4.-7">Preface</a> </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/CTA.4.3">Aerated Lightweight Concrete Drain with Reinforced Semantan Bamboo (AeLiConD-RSB)</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Nur Ain Idris, Hamidun Mohd Noh, Ezzatul Qhairirina Mohamed Zailani, Nurul Izzati Jamil, Nur Ain Rustam </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock595886" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Aggregates are one of the main components of concrete that contribute to its strength. Since the production of concrete demands the extensive use of natural stone materials, the rapid growth of the construction industry has resulted in a high demand for natural aggregate. Bamboo is a material with a large population and the potential to be used in construction due to its durability, flexibility, and strength performance. Moreover, aerated concrete (AC) does not contain coarse aggregate and has various advantages over conventional concrete, such as lower density and acceptable strength. Hence, bamboo strips in aerated lightweight concrete, are used as the reinforcement replacement material to reduce construction material costs and pollution while also improving the quality of the concrete. The objective in this study is to produce an aerated lightweight concrete drain with the treated semantan bamboo strips as reinforcement material. The experimental work consists of casting and testing of 6 non-autoclaved aerated concrete (NAAC) specimens with measurement 150mm x 150mm x 65mm with the design of 2 layers of bamboo-strip-mat; 3 strips and 4 strips horizontally and vertically (3x3 and 4x4) and also, without containing any bamboo-strip-mat. Then, compressive strength and rebound hammer test were conducted to identify the strength of concrete structure. This study proves the semantan bamboo strips that have been treated and coated were effective approaches to increase its strength and also to improve its bond strength with the aerated concrete as reinforcement materials. Thus, the completion of this study may attract the interest of contractors, product manufacturers and construction companies to be used as the new innovation in the construction industry. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock595886', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 3 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/CTA.4.25">Mathematical Analysis on the Durability of Basalt Rebars in Acidic Environment</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Lean Yen Han, Rokiah Binti Othman, Chong Beng Wei, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, Mohd Arif Sulaiman, Youventharan Duraisamy </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock591473" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Fiber reinforced polymer materials have been used as the alternative to conventional steel reinforcement within the construction industry. While Basalt fiber reinforced polymers (BFRP) have shown improved mechanical properties and durability performance compared to conventional steel, it is not immune to degradation and corrosion when subjected to harsh environments. As such, significant studies have been conducted to simulate the mechanical properties of BFRP bars under degradation when subject to different hostile substances. However, there is no standardized conclusion for the performance of BFRP under an acidic environment and in-depth microstructure evaluation as the degradation of BFRP is influenced by myriad factors. This study aimed to produce a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model to study the effect of pH, temperature, and immersion time on the tensile strength and elastic modulus. Data from existing literature involving acid emersion of BFRP were collected and modelled using RSM to present an overview of the degradation behavior of BFRP. In addition, a synthesis of the microstructure of BFRP reinforcing bars exposed to the acidic environment was evaluated by referring to SEM and EDX. It was concluded that the tensile strength loss due to corrosion was affected by temperature and immersion time in a linear function. On the other hand, tensile strength drop occurred exponentially as an acid with higher pH was used. Hence, the paper revealed the influence of various factors on the corrosion rate of the BFRP rebar. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock591473', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 25 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/CTA.4.35">Durability of Basalt Rebars under Alkaline Environment</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Leong Yee Foon, Rokiah Binti Othman, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, Mohd Arif Sulaiman, Youventharan Duraisamy </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock592229" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BRRP) is a new composite material made from basalt fibre, and resin matrix. It has been introduced to replace steel rebars as the main component of reinforced concrete structures because of their corrosion resistance under aggressive environments. This study investigates the mechanical properties of BFRP and the degradation state exposed to the alkaline environment and compares the corrosion rate with steel rebars. The flexural strength properties are tested as the parameter of mechanical properties. The results show that the flexural strength of BFRP is affected by immersion time (100h, 500h, 1000h) significantly. SEM results show mechanism of corrosion state that cracked resin matrix occurred and EDS results indicate the percentage components especially silicon elements that detected increased after corroded. This research identifies a current knowledge gap and can be serve as a reference point for further studies on the properties of BFRP bars to replace steel bars for safe and economic reinforced concrete structures in alkaline environments. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock592229', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 35 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/CTA.4.47">Mechanical Properties of Hybrid (Steel-Kenaf) Fiber Reinforced Concrete</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin, Rasheed Abed Hammood, Nur Farhayu Ariffin, Fadzil Mat Yahaya, Saffuan Wan Ahmad, Khairunisa Muthusamy </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock594288" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Fiber reinforced concrete is a commonly used material to cater for the shortcomings of concrete, such as low tensile strength, brittleness, and rapid crack propagation. This paper presents an experimental study on the mechanical properties of the hybrid (steel-kenaf) fiber added into concrete mixture. Two types of fibers, namely hooked-end steel fiber and kenaf fiber were considered. A control specimen without fibers was used to compare with fiber reinforced concrete mixture considering 1% and 2% volume fraction. Mechanical properties, i.e., workability, compressive strength and flexural strength, were investigated. In this study, the kenaf fibers were treated by 6% concentration of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) through immersion in the laboratory for 24 hours. The results showed that the addition of hybrid fiber improves the performance of compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete. Specimens with 2% hybrid fibers show the best flexural performance. Moreover, an increase in volume fractions of steel fibers leads to an increase in the compressive and flexural strengths of concrete. In addition, specimens with steel-kenaf hybrid fibers exhibit a better failure behavior than specimens without fibers. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock594288', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 47 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/CTA.4.57">A Bibliometric Review of Research Trends on Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Concrete</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Abdullah O. Baarimah, Wesam Salah Alaloul, M. S. Liew, Salem O. Baarimah, Muhammad Ali Musarat, Aiman A. Bin Mokaizh </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock594782" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: To prevent the excessive depletion of natural resources, sustainable development requires using alternate sustainable materials. Researchers in the field of advanced construction materials are increasingly paying attention to kenaf fibers as a "green" material because of their possible application in composites to advance sustainable development. However, there has been no attempt of scientometric analysis to investigate the comprehensive understanding of the present state of applications of kenaf fibers in reinforced concrete. The study aims to perform a bibliometric analysis of the existing kenaf fibers reinforced concrete literature and to provide a picture of the research status during the last ten years from 2013 to September 2022. There were 303 articles extracted from the Scopus database. The “VOSviewer” tool was employed to visualize the literature containing the most active scientific journals, countries, and highly used keywords in the field of fibers reinforced concrete. The outcomes showed that “Hybrid Composites”, “Impact Strength”, “Water Absorption”, “Scanning Electron Microscopy”, “Polypropylenes” and “Polymer Composite” have recently emerged as themes related to the applications of KFRC, and grabbed the interest of academics, may also offer future research opportunities. Additionally, according to the frequency of the keywords used, three important research domains associated with kenaf fibers within the concrete in the construction materials field have been identified, including “Mechanical Properties”, “Fiber Reinforced Plastics”, and “Tensile Strength”. Furthermore, the recent studies on the impact of kenaf fiber utilization on the structural performance of reinforced concrete are reviewed. Accordingly, the explanations related to research findings, suggestions for future studies have been provided on the incorporation of kenaf fibers reinforced concrete in civil engineering applications. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock594782', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 57 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/CTA.4.69">The Impact of Varying Ratios of Water-to-Cement Content on the Fresh and Strength Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Mohammad Ismail Yousef Al Biajawi, Rahimah Embong </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock592367" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: The performance requirements for structural components are becoming more sophisticated and varied in recent years. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a highly flowable mixture that can placed without vibrations in structural elements with congested reinforcing. The development of SCC must achieve an appropriate balance between deformability and stability. Additionally, stability is influenced by the material properties and mix proportions, necessitating the development of a technique for SCC mixture design. However, techniques for mix design and testing are continually evolving. Mix design criteria primarily concern the type and quantity of constituents in the SSC mixture. The dose adjustment of the water to cement ratio is a critical property in proportioning SCC mixes. This research aims to examine the influence of different water to cement ratios (0.32, 0.34, and 0.36) with other consistent ratios using locally available ingredients in the SCC mixture. Also, in this study several fresh properties of SCC was examined in according with the European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC). Moreover, this study presents the findings and discussion of an experiment conducted to test the influence of water to cement ratios on fresh, and mechanical properties of SCC at 7, 14, 28 days of curing. The findings of the tests for fresh SCC properties in range of the standard limit. The strength properties were improved in the lower water to cement ratio. The increased in the water to cement ratio shows decreased in the strength properties. In addition, the ratio of water to cement affects the properties of the hardened material, while a higher water-to-cement percentage leads to an increase in flow, which may be attributed to the use of superplasticizer. . </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock592367', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 69 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/CTA.4.81">Design and Analysis of Blast Resistant RC Beams for Concrete Structures at Off-Site Oil and Gas Plants</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Salah Al-Jasmi, Nur Farhayu Ariffin, Mazlan Abu Seman </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock592456" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: The impact resistance of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams, as the major structural load-bearing member, is an integral consideration in the design of concrete structures at the off-site of oil and gas pants against powerful dynamic loads. As a result, impact-resistant design is crucial for the maintenance, preservation, and safety of such structures. The RC beams' impact performance, on the other hand, remain unclear, and approaches for reinforcing RC structures at oil and gas plants to withstand impact loads are currently limited. This paper presents the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) used to simulate the behavior of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates. Five beams were modelled in FEA software. In those five beams, one beam was used as control beam without CFRP reinforcement, two beams were reinforced with single CFRP sheet, and the other two were reinforced with two CFRP sheets. Total deformation, von Misses stress, shear stress and principal strain were obtained and compared with the experimental results. The numerical simulation results agree well with the test findings reported in Neagoe's experimental study. The simulation results demonstrated that CFRP could indeed relieve high stress in impact unstable concrete, decrease beam body deformation, constrain crack development, and offer additional impact resistance. Under various impact load scenarios, CFRP can successfully restrain deformation. As a result, strengthening RC beams with CFRP is an efficient way to improve impact load resistance. Using computer software to design and simulate these elements was also much quicker and less costly. As a result, ANSYS can be used to model experimental beams. Finite element ANSYS software can also be used to validate experimental results. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock592456', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 81 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/CTA.4.91">Characterization of Porous Asphalt Mixture Using Faunus Ater Shell Ash as Filler and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as Bitumen Additive</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Tamalkhani Syammaun, Firmansyah Rachman, Zainuddin Zainuddin, Haikal Fauzan </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock593471" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: This study proposed using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Faunus ater shell ash (FAA) waste as asphalt binder additives and filler substitutions, respectively, to increase the strength and stability of porous asphalt. A thorough investigation of porous asphalt mixture properties was carried out using a permeability test, void in the mix (VIM), Marshall stability, and cantabro loss (CL). In this study, the stone dust filler was substituted by 0%, 50%, and 100% of FAA. In addition, 2%, 4%, and 6% of PET were used as asphalt binder additives. The permeability test result was in line with the VIM measurement, resulting in Mix 2 (50% stone dust, 50%FAA, and 2% PET) having the highest permeability and VIM value. In comparison, Mix 4 (100% stone dust and 4% PET) has the lowest permeability and VIM value. The Marshal stability results were in reverse with the permeability and VIM value, where Mix 4 resulted in the highest Marshall stability of 1519 kg. The majority of the CL test result was in line with the permeability and VIM value, where the only mixture that failed to satisfy the minimum 35% of CL value was Mix 2 with the CL value of 36%. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock593471', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 91 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/CTA.4.101">The Influence of Colloidal Nanosilica on Microstructure of Asphalt Binder After Long-Term Aging</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Mohamad Saifullah Samsudin, Ahmad Kamil Arshad, Khairil Azman Masri, Mohd Khairul Afzan Mohd Lazi, Hasmawati Mat Hassan, Ekarizan Shaffie </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock594250" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: The use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to observe the microstructure of asphalt binder promises a better insight compared to other microscopy techniques. In this study, AFM was used to investigate the effect of nanosilica concentration and aging conditions on the microstructure of asphalt binders. Asphalt binder penetration grade of 60/70 was modified with nanosilica (NS) by varying its concentration ranging from 1% to 5% (with the increment of 1%). Nanosilica modified binder (NSMB) were aged using a pressure aging vessel (PAV). The microstructure of the NSMB before and after aging were characterized using tapping mode of the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effect of nanosilica (NS) addition and PAV ageing on the phase distribution, size of ‘bee’ structure and surface roughness of the asphalt binder were investigated. Based on this study, it was found that the addition of NS into asphalt binder tended to increase the distribution of the catana phase, as well as increasing the size of the bee structure and surface roughness of the AFM image. Besides that, the after long-term ageing was applied, the number of the bee structure and distribution of catana and peri phase also increased. It can be concluded that the addition of NS and aging increased the overall surface stiffness of the bitumen and has made the material surface more solid-like. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock594250', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 101 </div> </div> <div class="block-bottom-pagination"> <div class="pager-info"> <p>Showing 1 to 10 of 20 Paper Titles</p> </div> <div class="pagination-container"><ul class="pagination"><li class="active"><span>1</span></li><li><a href="/CTA.4/2">2</a></li><li class="PagedList-skipToNext"><a href="/CTA.4/2" rel="next">></a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="social-icon-popup"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="sc-footer"> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-menu col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <ul class="list-inline menu-font"> <li><a href="/ForLibraries">For Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/ForPublication/Paper">For Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/insights" target="_blank">Insights</a></li> <li><a href="/DocuCenter">Downloads</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/AboutUs">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/PolicyAndEthics/PublishingPolicies">Policy & Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Contacts">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Imprint">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/PrivacyPolicy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="/Conferences">All Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/special-issues">All Special Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/news/all">All News</a></li> <li><a href="/read-and-publish-agreements">Read & Publish Agreements</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 footer-copyright"> <p> © 2024 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For open access content, terms of the Creative Commons licensing CC-BY are applied. <br />Scientific.Net is a registered trademark of Trans Tech Publications Ltd. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="scrollTop inline-icon scroll-top-icon" href="#" style="display: none"></a> </div> <script src="/Scripts/public.min.js?v=BtSq2PJEHRTW2PekpQGgIQKs7-OSPiKhsoI9rMs6kTU"></script> <script> $(function () { $("#paper-search").autocomplete({ minLength: 1, source: '/Title/Search?kurzel=CTA&volumeBegin=4&volumeEnd=4', delay: 200, select: function (event, ui) { window.location.href = ui.item.url; } }); }); </script> <script asp-render-component-scripts> $(function () { $.get("/Title/ShowMarcXmlLink") .done(function (showMarcXmlLink) { if (showMarcXmlLink) { $("#titleMarcXmlLink").show(); } }); }); Scinet.public = (function () { function loadCartInfo(onLoad) { var formatCartItemCount = function (count) { var format = (count > 1 || count === 0) ? "{0} items" : "{0} item"; $("#cartInfoTotalItemsCount").html(Scinet.stringFormat(format, count)); }, cookieCartItemCount = Cookies.get("Scinet5.CartItemsCount"); if (onLoad && cookieCartItemCount != null) { formatCartItemCount(parseInt(cookieCartItemCount, 10)); } else { $.ajax({ url: "/Cart/GetItemsCount", cache: false }) .done( function (count) { Cookies.set("Scinet5.CartItemsCount", count, { domain: ".scientific.net", secure: true }); formatCartItemCount(count); }); } } return { loadCartInfo: loadCartInfo }; })(); $(function () { Scinet.public.loadCartInfo(true); $("[data-add-book-to-cart]").on("click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); var data = $(this).data("add-book-to-cart"); console.log(data); var url = "/Cart/AddBook"; $.post(url, data) .done( function () { Scinet.public.loadCartInfo(); $("#addToCart").modal(); }) .fail( function (xhr) { Scinet.error(xhr.responseText); }); }) }); </script> <script> var $buoop = { required: { e: 11, f: -6, o: -6, s: -3, c: -6 }, insecure: false, unsupported: false, api: 2019.11, reminder: 0, onshow: function () { window.browserUpdateOutdated = true; } }; function $buo_f() { var e = document.createElement("script"); e.src = "//browser-update.org/update.min.js"; document.body.appendChild(e); }; try { document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", $buo_f, false) } catch (e) { window.attachEvent("onload", $buo_f) } </script>   <script> window.clientErrorLogActionUrl = "/Errors/LogClientError"; </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Construction Technologies and Architecture Vol. 4 | Scientific.Net