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Subdivisions of Abkhazia - Wikipedia
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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Towns of Abkhazia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Towns_of_Abkhazia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_settlements_of_Abkhazia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_settlements_of_Abkhazia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Urban settlements of Abkhazia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_settlements_of_Abkhazia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_regions_of_Abkhazia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_regions_of_Abkhazia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historic regions of Abkhazia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_regions_of_Abkhazia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="التقسيم الإداري في أبخازيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التقسيم الإداري في أبخازيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrativn%C3%AD_d%C4%9Blen%C3%AD_Abch%C3%A1zie" title="Administrativní dělení Abcházie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Administrativní dělení Abcházie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_territorial_de_Abjasia" title="Organización territorial de Abjasia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Organización territorial de Abjasia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Աբխազիայի վարչական բաժանում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աբխազիայի վարչական բաժանում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%97%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94" title="מחוזות אבחזיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחוזות אבחזיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90" title="აფხაზეთის ადმინისტრაციული დაყოფა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აფხაზეთის ადმინისტრაციული დაყოფა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abh%C4%81zijas_administrat%C4%ABvais_iedal%C4%ABjums" title="Abhāzijas administratīvais iedalījums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Abhāzijas administratīvais iedalījums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E7%94%BB" title="アブハジアの行政区画 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アブハジアの行政区画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivis%C3%B5es_da_Abec%C3%A1sia" title="Subdivisões da Abecásia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Subdivisões da Abecásia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Административно-территориальное деление Республики Абхазия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Административно-территориальное деление Республики Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazya%27n%C4%B1n_idari_yap%C4%B1lanmas%C4%B1" title="Abhazya'nın idari yapılanması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Abhazya'nın idari yapılanması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%97" title="Адміністративний поділ Абхазії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Адміністративний поділ Абхазії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B0%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ابخازيا کی ذیلی تقسیم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابخازيا کی ذیلی تقسیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mapa_okrsk%C5%AF_Abch%C3%A1zie.svg/330px-Mapa_okrsk%C5%AF_Abch%C3%A1zie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mapa_okrsk%C5%AF_Abch%C3%A1zie.svg/440px-Mapa_okrsk%C5%AF_Abch%C3%A1zie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4321" data-file-height="3322" /></a><figcaption>Map of subdivisions of Abkhazia.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the Soviet-era, the <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Abkhaz ASSR</a> was divided into six <a href="/wiki/Raions" class="mw-redirect" title="Raions">raions</a> (districts) named after their respective capitals. </p><p>The administrative divisions of the <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia" title="International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia">disputed</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Abkhazia">Republic of Abkhazia</a> have stayed the same, with one exception: in 1995, <a href="/wiki/Tkvarcheli_District" title="Tkvarcheli District">Tkvarcheli District</a> was created around the town of <a href="/wiki/Tkvarcheli" title="Tkvarcheli">Tkvarcheli</a> from parts of the <a href="/wiki/Ochamchira_District" title="Ochamchira District">Ochamchira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gali_District,_Abkhazia" title="Gali District, Abkhazia">Gali</a> districts. </p><p>The Georgian government, which claims Abkhazia as an <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">autonomous republic</a> but lacks control, has not changed the subdivisions from the Soviet-era. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Districts_of_Abkhazia">Districts of Abkhazia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Districts of Abkhazia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Abkhazia" title="Districts of Abkhazia">Districts of Abkhazia</a></div> <p>Districts are led by the Head of the Administration, who is simultaneously Mayor of the District's capital, except in the case of Sukhumi. The Head of the Administration is appointed by the President following consultations with the District Assembly. Previously, the Head was appointed from among the District Assembly members, but without consultations, but in practice the President would often appoint an acting Head from without who was subsequently elected to the assembly. The current procedure was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Assembly_of_Abkhazia" title="People's Assembly of Abkhazia">People's Assembly of Abkhazia</a> on 29 January 2016, over competing proposals to elect the Head directly by the District's population or by Assembly members, and after voting almost unanimously not to change the previous procedure on 30 July 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-ekho27519504_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekho27519504-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ekho27161608_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekho27161608-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg/220px-Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg/330px-Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg/440px-Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>districts of Abkhazia</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>(1) <a href="/wiki/Gagra_District" title="Gagra District">Gagra</a></li> <li>(2) <a href="/wiki/Gudauta_District" title="Gudauta District">Gudauta</a></li> <li>(3) <a href="/wiki/Sukhumi_District" title="Sukhumi District">Sukhumi</a></li> <li>(4) <a href="/wiki/Gulripshi_District" title="Gulripshi District">Gulripshi</a></li> <li>(5) <a href="/wiki/Ochamchira_District" title="Ochamchira District">Ochamchira</a></li> <li>(6) <a href="/wiki/Tkvarcheli_District" title="Tkvarcheli District">Tkvarcheli</a></li> <li>(7) <a href="/wiki/Gali_District,_Abkhazia" title="Gali District, Abkhazia">Gali</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Towns_of_Abkhazia">Towns of Abkhazia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Towns of Abkhazia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abkhazia_detail_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Abkhazia_detail_map.png/300px-Abkhazia_detail_map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Abkhazia_detail_map.png/450px-Abkhazia_detail_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Abkhazia_detail_map.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Map of Abkhazia</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gagra" title="Gagra">Gagra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gali_(town)" title="Gali (town)">Gali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudauta" title="Gudauta">Gudauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Athos" title="New Athos">New Athos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochamchire" title="Ochamchire">Ochamchire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitsunda" title="Pitsunda">Pitsunda</a> (since 2007)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tkvarcheli" title="Tkvarcheli">Tkvarcheli</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_settlements_of_Abkhazia">Urban settlements of Abkhazia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Urban settlements of Abkhazia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bzyb_(village)" title="Bzyb (village)">Bzyb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulripshi" title="Gulripshi">Gulripshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leselidze_(town)" title="Leselidze (town)">Leselidze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myussera" title="Myussera">Myussera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gantiadi" title="Gantiadi">Gantiadi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_regions_of_Abkhazia">Historic regions of Abkhazia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historic regions of Abkhazia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abkhazia has traditionally been divided into several historical regions<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (they roughly correspond to modern districts that are given in parentheses): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadzen">Sadzen</a> (Gagra district and <a href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a> region which is now in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bzyb_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bzyb (region) (page does not exist)">Bzyb</a> (Gudauta district)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gumaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gumaa (page does not exist)">Gumaa</a> (Sukhumi district)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abzhywa" title="Abzhywa">Abzhywa</a> (Ochamchira and partly Tkvarcheli districts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samurzakano" title="Samurzakano">Samurzakano</a> (Gali and partly Tkvarcheli district)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dal-Tsabal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dal-Tsabal (page does not exist)">Dal-Tsabal</a> (Gulripshi district)</li></ul> <p>These are the regions mentioned in the Abkhazian Constitution of 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the popular (but erroneous<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) belief that the seven stripes of the <a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhazian flag">Abkhazian flag</a> correspond to the seven historical regions of the country, the seventh one represents <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pskhu-Aibga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pskhu-Aibga (page does not exist)">Pskhu-Aibga</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Abkhazia" title="Portal:Abkhazia">Abkhazia portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ekho27519504-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ekho27519504_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSharia2016" class="citation news cs1">Sharia, Vitali (29 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekhokavkaza.org/content/article/27519504.html">"Против выборности и абортов"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Echo_of_the_Caucasus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echo of the Caucasus (page does not exist)">Echo of the Caucasus</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2016-01-29&rft.aulast=Sharia&rft.aufirst=Vitali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekhokavkaza.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F27519504.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubdivisions+of+Abkhazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ekho27161608-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ekho27161608_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZavodskaia2015" class="citation news cs1">Zavodskaia, Elena (30 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekhokavkaza.org/content/article/27161608.html">"Мажоритарная система осталась в силе"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Echo_of_the_Caucasus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echo of the Caucasus (page does not exist)">Echo of the Caucasus</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5&rft.date=2015-07-30&rft.aulast=Zavodskaia&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekhokavkaza.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F27161608.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubdivisions+of+Abkhazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lenta.ru, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lenta.ru/news/2007/02/10/town/">Абхазский курорт Пицунда превратился в город</a> (<i>Abkhazian resort Pitsunda became a city</i>), 10 February 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Археогия и этнография Абхазии, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://kolhida.ru">http://kolhida.ru</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070625161243/http://kolhida.ru/">Archived</a> 2007-06-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Abkhazia" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of Abkhazia">Constitution_of_Abkhazia</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">President of Abkhazia official site, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abkhaziagov.org/ru/state/sovereignty/index.php">Конституция Республики Абхазия</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119103715/http://www.abkhaziagov.org/ru/state/sovereignty/index.php">Archived</a> 2012-01-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Аргун Ю.Г. (<i>Argun Yu. G.</i>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kolhida.ru/index.php3?path=_abigi/book/XLVIII&source=argun">О Государственном флаге</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928014609/http://www.kolhida.ru/index.php3?path=_abigi%2Fbook%2FXLVIII&source=argun">Archived</a> 2007-09-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<i>On the state flag</i> (XLVIII итоговая научная сессия (11-13 мая). тезисы докладов. - Сухум: АбИГИ, 2004, с. 3-4)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Europe">Administrative divisions of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albania" title="Administrative divisions of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Armenia" title="Administrative divisions of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Croatia" title="Administrative divisions of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Estonia" title="Administrative divisions of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Finland" title="Administrative divisions of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_France" title="Administrative divisions of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Greece" title="Administrative divisions of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Hungary" title="Administrative divisions of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Iceland" title="Administrative divisions of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Latvia" title="Administrative divisions of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Lithuania" title="Administrative divisions of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Luxembourg" title="Administrative divisions of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Moldova" title="Administrative divisions of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Netherlands" title="Administrative divisions of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_North_Macedonia" title="Administrative divisions of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Norway" title="Administrative divisions of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Poland" title="Administrative divisions of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Portugal" title="Administrative divisions of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Romania" title="Administrative divisions of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Serbia" title="Administrative divisions of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Sweden" title="Administrative divisions of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Turkey" title="Administrative divisions of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Administrative divisions of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Kosovo" title="Administrative divisions of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Ossetia" title="Administrative divisions of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Transnistria" title="Administrative divisions of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag-map_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/35px-Flag-map_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag-map_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/53px-Flag-map_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, 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