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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_district_governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_district_governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>List of district governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_district_governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%8D" title="Гал къедзыгъуэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Гал къедзыгъуэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гал араион – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Гал араион" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Галскі раён – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Галскі раён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Галскі раён – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Галскі раён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%C4%95" title="Гал районĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гал районĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gali_District" title="Gali District – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gali District" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okres_Gali" title="Okres Gali – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Okres Gali" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajon_Gali" title="Rajon Gali – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rajon Gali" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gali_rajoon" title="Gali rajoon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gali rajoon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrito_de_Gali" title="Distrito de Gali – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Distrito de Gali" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrikto_Gali" title="Distrikto Gali – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Distrikto Gali" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_(%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="ناحیه گالی (آبخازیا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناحیه گالی (آبخازیا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrito_de_Gali" title="Distrito de Gali – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Distrito de Gali" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Галы район – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Галы район" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalit%C3%A0_di_Gali" title="Municipalità di Gali – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Municipalità di Gali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99_(%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96)" title="גאלי (מחוז) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאלי (מחוז)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gali_j%C3%A1r%C3%A1s" title="Gali járás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gali járás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gali_(district)" title="Gali (district) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gali (district)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejon_Gal" title="Rejon Gal – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rejon Gal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гальский район – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гальский район" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D,_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="காலி மாவட்டம், அப்காசியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காலி மாவட்டம், அப்காசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gali_(rayon)" title="Gali (rayon) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gali (rayon)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гальський район – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гальський район" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="گالی ضلع، ابخازيا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گالی ضلع، ابخازيا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E5%8C%BA" title="加利区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加利区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the district of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Abkhazia">Republic of Abkhazia</a>. For the district of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Autonomous_Republic_of_Abkhazia" title="Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia">Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Gali_Municipality" title="Gali Municipality">Gali Municipality</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">District in Abkhazia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Gali District</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka">გალის რაიონი</span></span><br /><span title="Abkhaz-language text"><span lang="ab">Гал араион</span></span><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Гальский район</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Abkhazia" title="Districts of Abkhazia">District</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="7" data-lat="43" data-lon="40.9" data-overlays="["_41cafd5d47be8aa6f86e62d326243cf44b271eec"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/7/43/40.9/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,43,40.9,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Gali_District%2C_Abkhazia&revid=1251983101&groups=_41cafd5d47be8aa6f86e62d326243cf44b271eec" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,43,40.9,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Gali_District%2C_Abkhazia&revid=1251983101&groups=_41cafd5d47be8aa6f86e62d326243cf44b271eec 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Gali district in Abkhazia</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states#Other_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gali_(town)" title="Gali (town)">Gali</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temur_Nadaraia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temur Nadaraia (page does not exist)">Temur Nadaraia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">518 km<sup>2</sup> (200 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">30,356</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">59/km<sup>2</sup> (150/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moscow_Time" title="Moscow Time">MSK</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Area differs from the administrative division of Georgia<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Nation_Abkhazia_small.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/United_Nation_Abkhazia_small.PNG/300px-United_Nation_Abkhazia_small.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/United_Nation_Abkhazia_small.PNG/450px-United_Nation_Abkhazia_small.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/United_Nation_Abkhazia_small.PNG/600px-United_Nation_Abkhazia_small.PNG 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>Gali District was largely in the UN security zone</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gali District</b> is one of the <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Abkhazia" title="Districts of Abkhazia">districts of Abkhazia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its capital is <a href="/wiki/Gali_(town)" title="Gali (town)">Gali</a>, the town by the same name. The district is smaller than the eponymous one in the de jure <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">subdivision of Georgia</a>, as some of its former territory is now part of <a href="/wiki/Tkvarcheli_District" title="Tkvarcheli District">Tkvarcheli District</a>, formed by de facto Abkhaz authorities in 1995. </p><p>Gali District was populated almost entirely by <a href="/wiki/Mingrelians" title="Mingrelians">Mingrelians</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgian</a> regional subdivision, in the pre-war Abkhazia. The majority of Georgians fled the district following the inter-ethnic clashes in 1993–1994 and again in 1998. From 40,000 to 60,000 refugees have returned to Gali District since 1998, including persons commuting daily across the ceasefire line and those migrating seasonally in accordance with agricultural cycles. Gali District is now the only district of Abkhazia with ethnic Georgians constituting clear majority. </p><p>The population of the district was 29,287 according to the 2003 census conducted in Abkhazia but that figure is questioned by many international observers;<sup id="cite_ref-census_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was estimated at 45 thousand in 2006 although Abkhazian authorities contested this number claiming that at least 65,000 refugees had returned.<sup id="cite_ref-Today_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Today-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Together with the <a href="/wiki/Kodori_Valley" title="Kodori Valley">Kodori Valley</a>, Gali District is one of the two real troublespots while the situation is relatively peaceful in the rest of Abkhazia. It was a battlefield of the 1998 escalation of the <a href="/wiki/Georgian-Abkhaz_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian-Abkhaz conflict">Georgian-Abkhaz conflict</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gali_District,_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, the present-day Gali District constituted the borderland between the principalities of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Abkhazia" title="Principality of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samegrelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Samegrelo">Samegrelo</a>, the two breakaway feudal domains of the Kingdom of Georgia, and frequently changed its masters as the borders of these princedoms fluctuated during the dynastic feuds between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Shervashidze" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Shervashidze">Shervashidze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dadiani" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadiani">Dadiani</a> clans. In the second half of the 17th century, the Shervashidze princes of Abkhazia succeeded in conquering the territories up the <a href="/wiki/Inguri_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Inguri River">Inguri River</a> including the Gali District. With the dissolution of the Principality of Abkhazia c. 1700, the district between the Galidzga to the Inguri came to be ruled by a branch of the Shervashidze family whose one member, Murzakan, gave to his new fiefdom the name "Samurzakano" (i.e., "land of Murzakan"). The upper class of this new principality was composed chiefly of the Georgian-speaking Abkhaz nobility, whereas the peasants were of both Abkhaz and Georgian (Mingrelian) background. In contrast to the rest of Abkhazia largely <a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamized</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, Samurzakano remained adherent to the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgian Orthodox Christianity</a>. Eventually the princedom came under the Mingrelian possession, but retained a degree of autonomy even after the expanding <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a> established its protectorate over Mingrelia in 1804. In 1840, however, Russia outrightly annexed Samurzakano. In the 1860s–70s, the Abkhaz revolts and the systematic persecution of Muslim population at the hands of Russian authorities forced many Abkhaz to become <a href="/wiki/Muhajir_(Caucasus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhajir (Caucasus)">Muhajirs</a> to the Ottoman possessions. The Orthodox Christian population of Samurzakano remained relatively unaffected though. The decline in Abkhaz population left Mingrelian a dominant culture in the area. Furthermore, some Georgian peasants from the left bank of the Inguri River also emigrated to the right bank into Abkhazia where weaker practices of serfdom prevailed. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abkhazia_%26_Samurzakan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Abkhazia_%26_Samurzakan.jpg/450px-Abkhazia_%26_Samurzakan.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Abkhazia_%26_Samurzakan.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption>Samurzakan in 1899</figcaption></figure> <p>The rate of intermarriages between the Georgians and Abkhaz was high that resulted in the mixed heritage of the district's population and the introduction of the special category "<a href="/wiki/Samurzakanians" title="Samurzakanians">Samurzakanians</a>" in the 1897 Imperial Russian census. This group was made up chiefly by the Mingrelians with a minority of Abkhaz. 38% and 35% of the district's population identified themselves as <a href="/wiki/Mingrelian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mingrelian people">Mingrelian</a> and Georgian respectively during the first Soviet census of 1926, with another 26% identifying themselves as Abkhaz. The latter group in Gali District declined greatly so that they formed only a few percent of its population. As the Soviet censuses carried out after 1926 didn't distinguish Georgians and Mingrelians as separate nationalities they together constituted the overwhelming majority in the district.<sup id="cite_ref-census_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The subsequent history of Samurzakano/Gali basically follows that of modern Abkhazia, which became an autonomous entity within the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">Democratic Republic of Georgia</a> (1918–1921), then the <a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhazian SSR">Abkhazian SSR</a> associated with the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian SSR">Georgian SSR</a> (1921–1931) and finally the <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz ASSR">Abkhaz ASSR</a> within Georgia. Under <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, from 1944/5 to 1953, Abkhaz schools were closed and cultural institutions were suppressed which is sometimes seen as an attempt at the assimilation of Abkhaz into Georgians. </p><p>At the height of the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%9393)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–93)">secessionist war in Abkhazia</a> in 1993, the Georgians of Gali were subjected to systematic <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing_of_Georgians_in_Abkhazia" title="Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia">ethnic cleansing</a> at the hands of the Abkhaz militias and their allies from Russia's <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasian</a> republics. By November 1993, most of the Gali District had been controlled by the secessionist with the exception of a few isolated enclaves evacuated by the Georgian forces according to the Russian-brokered ceasefire accord in 1994. Since then, some 40,000–60,000 Georgians have sporadically returned to the Gali District, but the process was significantly thwarted by the outbreak of hostilities in May 1998. In response to the attempt by the Georgian guerrillas to recover the area, the Abkhaz forces launched a large sweep into the district. Despite the criticism from opposition, <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Georgia" title="President of Georgia">President of Georgia</a>, refused to deploy troops against Abkhazia. A ceasefire was negotiated on May 20, 1998. The hostilities resulted in hundreds of casualties on both sides and displaced an additional 30,000 – 40,000 Georgians. Although many families soon came back, the clashes left some 1,500 homes and infrastructure, including some that had been recently rehabilitated with international funding, in ruins. The United Nations Joint Assessment Mission to the Gali District confirmed, in 2000, that homes and infrastructure were deliberately burned and looted during the Abkhaz offensive.<sup id="cite_ref-Today_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Today-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gali_District,_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to 2003 census, the population of the district included:<sup id="cite_ref-census_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a> — 28.919 (98.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> — 159 (0.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazians" title="Abkhazians">Abkhaz</a> — 121 (0.4%)</li> <li>other — 55 (0.4%)</li></ul> <p>According to 2011 census, the population of the district included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a> — 29.813 (98.2%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazians" title="Abkhazians">Abkhaz</a> — 208 (0.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> — 188 (0.6%)</li> <li>other — 58 (0.3%)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gali_District,_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Human rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Georgian-populated areas in Gali District, where local authorities are almost exclusively made up of ethnic Abkhaz, the human rights situation remains precarious. The United Nations and other international organizations have been fruitlessly urging the Abkhaz de facto authorities "to refrain from adopting measures incompatible with the right to return and with international human rights standards, such as discriminatory legislation… [and] to cooperate in the establishment of a permanent international human rights office in Gali and to admit United Nations civilian police without further delay."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The security situation in the district improved since February, 2006 and was generally calm in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Today_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Today-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, both Abkhaz and Georgian criminal networks continue to harass the locals. Georgia regularly criticizes the Abkhaz authorities and the Russian peacekeeping forces for failing to assure the local population's safety and prevent human rights abuses.<sup id="cite_ref-Today_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Today-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It proposed, on February 3, 2003, to create a joint Georgian-Abkhaz administration in Gali, but the Abkhaz side rejected the proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/UNOMIG" class="mw-redirect" title="UNOMIG">UNOMIG</a> and Georgian side have proposed the deployment of a U.N. civilian police mission on both sides of the ceasefire line. Since 2003 U.N. police have been present on the Georgian-controlled side, but de facto Abkhaz authorities oppose their deployment in Gali, because it would undermine their own political authority.<sup id="cite_ref-Today_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Today-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Georgia has also reported several cases of forcible recruitment of Georgian returnees into the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Abkhazia">Abkhaz military</a>, but the Sukhumi-based authorities categorically deny this, claiming that all citizens are obliged to serve, but no one is forcibly recruited.<sup id="cite_ref-Today_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Today-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Threats made by Georgian security services (aimed at the prevention of the participation of the district's residents in the elections and against the inhabitants of the district working in its administration) were also reported.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/2008_South_Ossetia_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 South Ossetia war">Russian-Georgian war</a> of August 2008, the situation in Gali significantly deteriorated with the Russian and Abkhaz military buildup and increased pressure on local Georgians from the Abkhaz authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2009, the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities called om "the de facto authorities to put an end to the pressure being exercised on the Georgian population in the Gali District through the limitation of their education rights, compulsory "<a href="/wiki/Passportization" title="Passportization">passportization</a>", forced conscription into the Abkhaz military forces and restrictions on their freedom of movement."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 31, 2009, the breakaway region's Parliament passed amendment to the law making ethnic Georgians living in Gali District eligible for the Abkhaz citizenship. The move triggered wave of protest among opposition groups forcing the Parliament to revoke its decision on August 6.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, murder of ethnic Georgian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Giga_Otkhozoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murder of Giga Otkhozoria (page does not exist)">Giga Otkhozoria</a> by Abkhaz border guards caused international resonance and raised question about human rights situation of ethnic Georgians remaining in Abkhazia, particularly Gali district, where 98% is ethnic Georgian and is often subject to ethnic discrimination, denial of political and civil rights, police misconduct etc.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gali_District,_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 11 February 1991, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Georgia dismissed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabo_Shonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabo Shonia (page does not exist)">Rabo Shonia</a> as District Soviet Chairman and appointed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edisher_Janjulia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edisher Janjulia (page does not exist)">Edisher Janjulia</a> as Prefect. The Supreme Soviet and the Soviet of Ministers of the <a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhazian ASSR">Abkhazian ASSR</a> subsequently condemned this decision as a violation of their authority and appealed to the Georgian Supreme Soviet to reconsider.<sup id="cite_ref-rrc1824_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rrc1824-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Kishmaria" title="Ruslan Kishmaria">Ruslan Kishmaria</a> was reappointed as Administration Head on 10 May 2001 following the March 2001 local elections.<sup id="cite_ref-press2001-92_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-press2001-92-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_local_elections,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhazian local elections, 2004">March 2004 Assembly elections</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuri_Kvekveskiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuri Kvekveskiri (page does not exist)">Yuri Kvekveskiri</a> was appointed Administration Head, while Kishmaria became Chairman of the Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-uzel52852_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uzel52852-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kvekveskiri did not participate in the <a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_local_elections,_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhazian local elections, 2007">March 2007 elections</a>, but remained acting Administration Head until <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beslan_Arshba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beslan Arshba (page does not exist)">Beslan Arshba</a> was appointed as his successor on 23 May 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-regnum832231_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regnum832231-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 June 2014, following the <a href="/wiki/2014_Abkhazian_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Abkhazian political crisis">2014 Abkhazian political crisis</a>, acting President <a href="/wiki/Valeri_Bganba" title="Valeri Bganba">Valeri Bganba</a> dismissed Beslan Arshba, as had been demanded by protesters, and appointed his Deputy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vakhtang_Maan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vakhtang Maan (page does not exist)">Vakhtang Maan</a> as acting District Head.<sup id="cite_ref-apress12143_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apress12143-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the election of <a href="/wiki/Raul_Khajimba" title="Raul Khajimba">Raul Khajimba</a> as President, he on 11 November appointed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temur_Nadaraia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temur Nadaraia (page does not exist)">Temur Nadaraia</a> as Acting Head in Maan's stead.<sup id="cite_ref-apress13463_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apress13463-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_district_governors">List of district governors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gali_District,_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of district governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#E9E9E9; font-weight:bold" align="left"> <td># </td> <td width="240">Name </td> <td width="200">From </td> <td> </td> <td width="200">Until </td> <td> </td> <td width="200">President </td> <td width="200">Comments </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" align="center"><b>Chairmen of the District Soviet:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vakhtang_Kolbaia" title="Vakhtang Kolbaia">Vakhtang Kolbaia</a> </td> <td>1984 </td> <td> </td> <td>1990 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabo_Shonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabo Shonia (page does not exist)">Rabo Shonia</a> </td> <td>? </td> <td> </td> <td>11 February 1991 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-rrc1824_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rrc1824-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" align="center"><b>Prefects:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edisher_Janjulia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edisher Janjulia (page does not exist)">Edisher Janjulia</a> </td> <td>11 February 1991 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-rrc1824_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rrc1824-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>? </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" align="center"><b>Heads of the District Administration:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vazha_Zarandia" title="Vazha Zarandia">Vazha Zarandia</a> </td> <td>December 1993 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-lakoba_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lakoba-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>April 1994 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-lakoba_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lakoba-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Kishmaria" title="Ruslan Kishmaria">Ruslan Kishmaria</a> </td> <td>May 1994 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-uzel62034_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uzel62034-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>26 November 1994 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 November 1994 </td> <td> </td> <td>1997 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-uzel62034_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uzel62034-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Ardzinba" title="Vladislav Ardzinba">Vladislav Ardzinba</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valeri_Lomia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valeri Lomia (page does not exist)">Valeri Lomia</a> </td> <td>1997 </td> <td> </td> <td>1998 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Kishmaria" title="Ruslan Kishmaria">Ruslan Kishmaria</a> </td> <td>1998 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-uzel62034_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uzel62034-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>March 2004 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuri_Kvekveskiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuri Kvekveskiri (page does not exist)">Yuri Kvekveskiri</a> </td> <td>March 2004 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-uzel52852_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uzel52852-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2005 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td> </td> <td>23 May 2007 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-regnum832231_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regnum832231-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bagapsh" title="Sergei Bagapsh">Sergei Bagapsh</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beslan_Arshba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beslan Arshba (page does not exist)">Beslan Arshba</a> </td> <td>23 May 2007 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-regnum832231_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regnum832231-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>26 September 2011 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 September 2011 </td> <td> </td> <td>2 June 2014 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-apress12143_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apress12143-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ankvab" title="Alexander Ankvab">Alexander Ankvab</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vakhtang_Maan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vakhtang Maan (page does not exist)">Vakhtang Maan</a></i> </td> <td>2 June 2014 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-apress12143_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apress12143-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>11 November 2014 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-apress13463_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apress13463-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Valeri_Bganba" title="Valeri Bganba">Valeri Bganba</a></i> </td> <td>Acting </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temur_Nadaraia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temur Nadaraia (page does not exist)">Temur Nadaraia</a></i> </td> <td>11 November 2014 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-apress13463_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apress13463-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><i>Present</i> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raul_Khajimba" title="Raul Khajimba">Raul Khajimba</a> </td> <td>Acting </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gali_District,_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 200px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External images</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panoramio.com/photo/9547685">Gali district countryside</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geotimes.ge/uploads_script/news/e090d2bd3e21ca3.jpg">Street in Gali District</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Gali District is a rich agricultural area for tea, citrus, hazelnuts and vegetables. The <a href="/wiki/Inguri_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Inguri Dam">Inguri</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric station">hydroelectric station</a>, a major supplier to Abkhazia and part of Georgia proper, is located on the Abkhaz-Georgian ceasefire line and is operated jointly. </p><p>Gali's residents are allowed to relatively freely cross into the neighboring Georgian districts, but must pay 50 <a href="/wiki/Russian_rouble" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian rouble">Russian roubles</a>. Customs fees are also levied upon any goods they are carrying into/out of Georgia proper.<sup id="cite_ref-Today_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Today-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, after the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a>, the cease-fire line has become more difficult to cross, with long delays at the checkpoint.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the economic and trade links between the two sides of the cease-fire line, which formed the backbone of the resident's coping economies, became more strained.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The district's 2006 budget was 7.5 million Russian roubles ($300,000) but 30 per cent is <a href="/wiki/Tax_revenue" title="Tax revenue">tax revenue</a> forwarded to Sukhumi. The remaining 70 per cent is spent on salaries, pensions and administration expenses. However, the district's budget does not include allocations from the central budget, which tend to be <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc</a>, dependent on particular needs.<sup id="cite_ref-Today_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Today-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The infrastructure remains in the state of collapse and, in spite of the limited international humanitarian aid, the majority of returnees continue to live in damaged houses or temporary shelters.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gali_District,_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Georgia" class="mw-disambig" title="Portal:Georgia">Georgia portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Abkhazia" title="Portal:Abkhazia">Abkhazia portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gali_District,_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The political status of Abkhazia is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> in 1992, Abkhazia <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia" title="International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia">is formally recognised as an independent state</a> by 5 UN member states (two other states previously recognised it but then withdrew their recognition), while the remainder of the international community recognizes it as <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> Georgian territory. Georgia continues to claim the area as its own territory, designating it as <a href="/wiki/Occupied_territories_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied territories of Georgia">Russian-occupied territory</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The political status of Abkhazia is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> in 1992, Abkhazia <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia" title="International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia">is formally recognised as an independent state</a> by 5 UN member states (two other states previously recognised it but then withdrew their recognition), while the remainder of the international community recognizes it as <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> Georgian territory. Georgia continues to claim the area as its own territory, designating it as <a href="/wiki/Occupied_territories_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied territories of Georgia">Russian-occupied territory</a>. </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gali_District,_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gali district according to the administrative division of Georgia has an area of 1,003 km<sup>2</sup> and is somewhat bigger than the de facto Gali district</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnabkhazia.html">2003 Census results</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Today-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Today_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Today_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Today_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Today_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Today_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Today_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Today_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Today_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/europe/caucasus/georgia/176-abkhazia-today.aspx">Abkhazia Today.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903051734/http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/europe/caucasus/georgia/176-abkhazia-today.aspx">Archived</a> 2011-09-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a> <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> Report N°176, 15 September 2006</i>, page 11. Retrieved on May 27, 2007. <i>Free registration needed to view full report</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brook.edu/fp/projects/idp/200603_rpt_Georgia.pdf">Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General on the human rights of internally displaced persons – Mission to Georgia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061223084834/http://www.brook.edu/fp/projects/idp/200603_rpt_Georgia.pdf">Archived</a> December 23, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. United Nations: 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N06/401/49/PDF/N0640149.pdf">Report of the Secretary-General on the situation in Abkhazia, 26 June 2006</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007184716/http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N06/401/49/PDF/N0640149.pdf">Archived</a> October 7, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civil.ge/eng/detail.php?id=5924">Timeline 2003</a>, <i>Civil Georgia</i>. Retrieved April 30, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071118053631/http://www.civil.ge/eng/detail.php?id=5924">Archived</a> November 18, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/europe/caucasus/georgia/193-georgia-and-russia-clashing-over-abkhazia.aspx">GEORGIA AND RUSSIA: CLASHING OVER ABKHAZIA</a>, 05.06.08</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/Content/Abkhaz_Incident_Opens_Up_New_Vista_In_Georgia_Conflict/1504128.html">Abkhaz Incident Opens Up New Vista In Georgia Conflict</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090418194649/http://www.rferl.org/content/Abkhaz_Incident_Opens_Up_New_Vista_In_Georgia_Conflict/1504128.html">Archived</a> 2009-04-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>. March 4, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/item/37226.html">OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities deeply concerned by recent developments in Abkhazia</a>. OSCE Press Release. 14 April 2009 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110958/http://www.osce.org/item/37226.html">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=21375">Head of Abkhaz NSC Resigns</a>. <a href="/wiki/Civil_Georgia" title="Civil Georgia">Civil Georgia</a>. 18 August 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenda.ge/en/news/2018/2293">"How are the rights of Georgian children violated in Gali district of occupied Abkhazia? [VIDEO]"</a>. Agenda.ge. 1 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+are+the+rights+of+Georgian+children+violated+in+Gali+district+of+occupied+Abkhazia%3F+%5BVIDEO%5D&rft.date=2023-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagenda.ge%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2018%2F2293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGali+District%2C+Abkhazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://civil.ge/archives/417967">"Tragic Drowning in Enguri Highlights Tbilisi's Policy Failure in Gali"</a>. Civil Georgia. 2023-05-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Caucasian+Knot&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.date=2004-03-25&rft.aulast=Kuchuberia&rft.aufirst=Anzhela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kavkaz-uzel.ru%2Farticles%2F52852%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGali+District%2C+Abkhazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-regnum832231-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-regnum832231_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-regnum832231_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-regnum832231_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">since 23.05.2007; Regnum.ru <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://regnum.ru/news/abxazia/832231.html">Назначен новый глава Гальского района Абхазии</a>, 23.05.2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apress12143-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-apress12143_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apress12143_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apress12143_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140713042727/http://apsnypress.info/news/12143.html">"Тимур Гогуа и Беслан Аршба освобождены от должностей глав Администраций Ткуарчалского и Галского районов"</a>. Apsnypress. 2 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apsnypress.info/news/12143.html">the original</a> on 13 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80+%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%90%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B1%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A2%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2.&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapsnypress.info%2Fnews%2F12143.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGali+District%2C+Abkhazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apress13463-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-apress13463_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apress13463_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apress13463_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141126130929/http://apsnypress.info/news/13463.html">"Надарая Темур Хухутович назначен исполняющим обязанности главы администрации Галского района"</a>. Apsnypress. 11 November 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apsnypress.info/news/13463.html">the original</a> on 2014-11-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80+%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B+%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=2014-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapsnypress.info%2Fnews%2F13463.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGali+District%2C+Abkhazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lakoba-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lakoba_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lakoba_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakoba" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Lakoba" title="Stanislav Lakoba">Lakoba, Stanislav</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512120647/http://apsnyteka.narod2.ru/l/abhaziya_posle_dvuh_imperii_xix-xxi_vv/kto_est_kto_v_abhazii_ukazatel_imen/index.html">"Кто есть кто в Абхазии"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apsnyteka.narod2.ru/l/abhaziya_posle_dvuh_imperii_xix-xxi_vv/kto_est_kto_v_abhazii_ukazatel_imen/index.html">the original</a> on 12 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B2+%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.aulast=Lakoba&rft.aufirst=Stanislav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapsnyteka.narod2.ru%2Fl%2Fabhaziya_posle_dvuh_imperii_xix-xxi_vv%2Fkto_est_kto_v_abhazii_ukazatel_imen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGali+District%2C+Abkhazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uzel62034-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uzel62034_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uzel62034_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uzel62034_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/62034/">"Кишмария Руслан Ражденович"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Knot" title="Caucasian Knot">Caucasian Knot</a></i>. 24 September 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Caucasian+Knot&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.date=2004-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kavkaz-uzel.ru%2Farticles%2F62034%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGali+District%2C+Abkhazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panoramio.com/user/433022/tags/G%C3%A9orgie&comments_page=1&photos_page=1">Photos by Patrick Perrier</a>, 26.10.2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geotimes.ge/index.php?m=home&newsid=10582">Geotimes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906011328/http://www.geotimes.ge/index.php?m=home&newsid=10582">Archived</a> 2008-09-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 4.1.2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrelz_Oltramonti2016" class="citation journal cs1">Prelz Oltramonti, Giulia (2016). "Southbound Russia: processes of bordering and de-bordering between 1993 and 2013". <i>Connexe</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Connexe&rft.atitle=Southbound+Russia%3A+processes+of+bordering+and+de-bordering+between+1993+and+2013&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Prelz+Oltramonti&rft.aufirst=Giulia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGali+District%2C+Abkhazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrelz_Oltramonti2017" class="citation journal cs1">Prelz Oltramonti, Giulia (2017). 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Gali District</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091112195053/http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/CB7F31BB6E4E78EDC12571CC005ADC63/$file/Final+Housing+Assesment+Gali+feb+13+2006.doc">Archived</a> 2009-11-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/httpCountry_Documents?ReadForm&country=Georgia&count=10000">library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110127053709/http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/httpCountry_Documents?ReadForm&country=Georgia&count=10000">Archived</a> 2011-01-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>). Danish Refuge Council/<a href="/wiki/ECHO_(European_Commission)" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHO (European Commission)">ECHO</a>. 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4em"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Abkhazia" title="Subdivisions of Abkhazia">Administrative divisions of</a> <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Abkhazia" title="Districts of Abkhazia">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gagra_District" title="Gagra District">Gagra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudauta_District" title="Gudauta District">Gudauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulripshi_District" title="Gulripshi District">Gulripshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochamchira_District" title="Ochamchira District">Ochamchira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi_District" title="Sukhumi District">Sukhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tkvarcheli_District" title="Tkvarcheli District">Tkvarcheli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gagra" title="Gagra">Gagra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gali_(town)" title="Gali (town)">Gali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudauta" title="Gudauta">Gudauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Athos" title="New Athos">New Athos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochamchire" title="Ochamchire">Ochamchire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitsunda" title="Pitsunda">Pitsunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tkvarcheli" title="Tkvarcheli">Tkvarcheli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adzyubzha" title="Adzyubzha">Adzyubzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agubedia" title="Agubedia">Agubedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avadhara" title="Avadhara">Avadhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baslakhuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Baslakhuba">Baslakhuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedia,_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedia, Abkhazia">Bedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bzyb_(village)" title="Bzyb (village)">Bzyb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chkhalta" title="Chkhalta">Chkhalta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuburkhindji" title="Chuburkhindji">Chuburkhindji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulripshi" title="Gulripshi">Gulripshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guma,_Abkhazia" title="Guma, Abkhazia">Guma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghvada" title="Ghvada">Ghvada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leselidze_(town)" title="Leselidze (town)">Leselidze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilori" title="Ilori">Ilori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochara" title="Kochara">Kochara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvemo_Barghebi" title="Kvemo Barghebi">Kvemo Barghebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labra_(village)" title="Labra (village)">Labra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykhny" title="Lykhny">Lykhny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myussera" title="Myussera">Myussera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskhu" title="Pskhu">Pskhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salme_(village)" title="Salme (village)">Salme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsandryphsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsandryphsh">Gantiadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkheuli" title="Merkheuli">Merkheuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokvi" title="Mokvi">Mokvi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.3em; line-height:1.2em;"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Administrative divisions of Georgia</a><br /> <b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Abkhazia" title="Portal:Abkhazia">Abkhazia portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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