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Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 leids</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AA%E1%8B%AB%E1%88%8D" title="ኖቪያል – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኖቪያል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نوفيال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوفيال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novialava" title="Novialava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Novialava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial_dili" title="Novial dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Novial dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="نوویال دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نوویال دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Навіяль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Навіяль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Новиаль – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Новиаль" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Dens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB" title="Νόβιαλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νόβιαλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Inglis" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inglis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novialo" title="Novialo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Novialo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Spainish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spainish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noviaal" title="Noviaal – Eastlands" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Noviaal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Eastlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نوویال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوویال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="नोवियाल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नोवियाल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial_nyelv" title="Novial nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Novial nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Novial" title="Bahasa Novial – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Novial" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB" title="ノヴィアル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノヴィアル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ნოვიალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნოვიალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B9%84%EC%95%8C" title="노비알 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노비알" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Новиаль (кыв) – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Новиаль (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Novial" title="Lingua Novial – Laitin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Novial" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Laitin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Letts" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="നോവിയൽ ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നോവിയൽ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Polls" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polls" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نوویال – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نوویال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial_simi" title="Novial simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Novial simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Новиаль – Roushien" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новиаль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Roushien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E" title="ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱞ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱞ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Slovein" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovein" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_novial" title="Gjuha novial – Albainien" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha novial" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Новијал – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Новијал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADNovial" title="SíNovial – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíNovial" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Swaidish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swaidish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="நோவியல் மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நோவியல் மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5" title="ภาษาโนเวียล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาโนเวียล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Novial" title="Wikang Novial – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Novial" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نوۋىيال – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نوۋىيال" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Новіаль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Новіаль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نوویال – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نوویال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novial" title="Novial – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Novial" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="诺维亚语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="诺维亚语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="诺维亚语 – Cheenese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="诺维亚语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cheenese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36738#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Eedit interleid airtins" class="wbc-editpage">Eedit airtins</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Novial" title="Leuk at the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Airticle</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collogue:Novial&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion anent the content page (page disna exeest) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Collogue</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sco" title="Uplaid files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Uplaid file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Ae leet o aw byordinar pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Byordinar pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novial&oldid=820095" title="Permanent link til this reveesion o the page"><span>Permanent airtin</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novial&action=info" title="Mair information anent this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Novial&id=820095&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on hou tae cite this page"><span>Cite this airticle</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Dern</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sco" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="above" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:130%; color: white; background-color: black;">Novial</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Novial.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Novial.svg/150px-Flag_of_Novial.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Novial.svg/225px-Flag_of_Novial.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Novial.svg/300px-Flag_of_Novial.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Creautit bi</th><td style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Jespersen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Jespersen (page disna exeest)">Otto Jespersen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td style="line-height:1.3em;">1928</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Settin an uissage</th><td style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internaitional_auxiliary_leid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internaitional auxiliary leid (page disna exeest)">internaitional auxiliary leid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Purpose</th><td style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Constructit_leid" title="Constructit leid">constructit leid</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internaitional_auxiliary_leid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internaitional auxiliary leid (page disna exeest)">internaitional auxiliary leid</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Novial</b></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Soorces</th><td style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Romance_leids" title="Romance leids">Romance</a> an <a href="/wiki/Germanic_leids" title="Germanic leids">Germanic leids</a>; an aa <a href="/wiki/Occidental_leid" class="mw-redirect" title="Occidental leid">Occidental</a> an <a href="/wiki/Ido_(leid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ido (leid)">Ido</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color: white; background-color: black;">Leid codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-3 (page disna exeest)">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/nov" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:nov">nov</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linguist_List&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linguist List (page disna exeest)">Linguist List</a></div></th><td style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multitree.org/codes/nov">nov</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linguasphere_Observatory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linguasphere Observatory (page disna exeest)">Linguasphere</a></th><td style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>51-AAB-dc</code></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Novial</b> [<i>nov-</i> ("new") + <i>IAL, Internaitional Auxiliary Leid</i>] is a <a href="/wiki/Constructit_leid" title="Constructit leid">constructit</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internaitional_auxiliary_leid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internaitional auxiliary leid (page disna exeest)">internaitional auxiliary leid</a> (IAL) for universal communication atween speakers o different <a href="/w/index.php?title=Native_leid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Native leid (page disna exeest)">native leids</a>. It wis devised bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Jespersen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Jespersen (page disna exeest)">Otto Jespersen</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Dans</a> <a href="/wiki/Lingueestics" title="Lingueestics">linguist</a> who wis previously involved in the <a href="/wiki/Ido_(leid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ido (leid)">Ido</a> movement, an subsequently in the development o <a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a>. </p><p>Its vocabulary is based lairgely on the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_leids" title="Germanic leids">Germanic</a> an <a href="/wiki/Romance_leids" title="Romance leids">Romance leids</a> an its grammar is influenced bi <a href="/wiki/Inglis_leid" title="Inglis leid">Inglis</a>. </p><p>Novial wis first introduced in Jespersen's beuk <i>An International Language</i> in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-Jesp_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jesp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It wis updatit in his dictionar <i>Novial Lexike</i> in 1930,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an further modifications wur proponed in the 1930s, but the leid acame dormant wi Jespersen's daith in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-Ager_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ager-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1990s, wi the revival o interest in constructit leids broucht on bi the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, some fowk rediscovered Novial.<sup id="cite_ref-Ager_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ager-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novial&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Eedit section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eedit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novial&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>eedit soorce</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Jesp-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jesp_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jespersen, Otto (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feedbooks.com/userbook/14934"><i>An international language</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170326/http://www.feedbooks.com/userbook/14934">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. London: Allen & Unwin. LC no 29000603.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jespersen, Otto (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blahedo.org/novial/nl.html"><i>Novial lexike, international dictionary, dictionnaire international, internationales Wörterbuch</i></a>. London: G. Allen & Unwin. LC no 31014004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ager-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Ager_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ager_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ager, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/novial.htm">Novial (Nov International Auxiliari Lingue)</a>. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com">omniglot.com</a> on the 20th Dec. 2011</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="nov:"> Novial edeetion</a></b></i> o <a href="/wiki/Wikipaedia" title="Wikipaedia">Wikipaedia</a>, the free encyclopaedia</td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Taen frae "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novial&oldid=820095">https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novial&oldid=820095</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categeries</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Airtifeecial_leids" title="Category:Airtifeecial leids">Airtifeecial leids</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Constructit_leids" title="Category:Constructit leids">Constructit leids</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Internaitional_auxiliary_leids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Internaitional auxiliary leids (page disna exeest)">Internaitional auxiliary leids</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1928_introductions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1928 introductions (page disna exeest)">1928 introductions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_airtins" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback airtins">Webarchive template wayback airtins</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leid_airticles_missin_Glottolog_code" title="Category:Leid airticles missin Glottolog code">Leid airticles missin Glottolog code</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page wis last eeditit on 15 Januar 2021, at 15:54.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available unner the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms mey apply. 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