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id="Qatif_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Qatif_Uprising" title="1979 Qatif Uprising">1979 Qatif Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Saudi_Arabian_protests" title="2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests">2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Nimr_al-Nimr" title="Execution of Nimr al-Nimr">Nimr al-Nimr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932020_Qatif_unrest" title="2017–2020 Qatif unrest">2017–2020 Qatif unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2022 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2022 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>On 23 April 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</a> carried out a mass <a href="/wiki/Execution" class="mw-redirect" title="Execution">execution</a> of 37 imprisoned civilians who had been convicted, 21 on the basis of confessions allegedly obtained <a href="/wiki/Torture_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Torture in Saudi Arabia">under coercion and torture</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_false_confessions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for terrorism-related allegations in six <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Saudi Arabia">provinces</a> in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-ny_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ny-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ind_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ind-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jaz_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fourteen of the people executed had been convicted in relation to their participation in the <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Saudi_Arabian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests">2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests in Qatif</a>, mostly on the basis of torture-induced confessions.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_false_confessions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HRW_37executions_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW_37executions-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The executions were carried out by <a href="/wiki/Decapitation" title="Decapitation">beheading</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ind_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ind-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gua_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gua-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two of the bodies were left on <a href="/wiki/Gibbeting" title="Gibbeting">public display</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-daily_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daily-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ind_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ind-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Ministry of Interior (Saudi Arabia)">Saudi Arabia's Interior Ministry</a> the convicts were all Saudi nationals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Thirty-two of those executed belonged to the country's <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia">Shia minority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-midd_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-midd-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ind_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ind-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9319_Qatif_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2017–19 Qatif unrest">2017–19 Qatif unrest</a></div> <p>Conflict between Saudi authorities and <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a> residents dates back to at least the <a href="/wiki/1979_Qatif_Uprising" title="1979 Qatif Uprising">1979 Qatif Uprising</a>. The conflict reemerged between Saudi authorities and political protestors during the <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Saudi_Arabian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests">2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests</a> and continued through to the <a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9319_Qatif_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2017–19 Qatif unrest">2017–19 Qatif unrest</a>. The conflict involves peaceful protestors as well as armed confrontations between residents and Saudi authorities, siege barricades erected by the authorities in <a href="/wiki/Awamiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Awamiyah">Awamiyah</a> and attempted destruction of residential areas by the authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Independent_Inside_Awamiyah_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent_Inside_Awamiyah-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Qatif 24 case" was a <a href="/wiki/Legal_system_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Legal system of Saudi Arabia">Saudi legal</a> case concerning 24 Qatif region protestors. Fourteen of the people executed on 23 April 2019 were among the "Qatif 24", including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujtaba_al-Sweikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mujtaba al-Sweikat (page does not exist)">Mujtaba al-Sweikat</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Munir_al-Adam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Munir al-Adam (page does not exist)">Munir al-Adam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_37executions_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW_37executions-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> stated that the most of convictions were based on confessions obtained under <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_37executions_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW_37executions-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another eleven of the people executed had been convicted in the "Iran spy case".<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_37executions_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW_37executions-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both the 14 of the Qatif 24 case and 11 in the Iran spy case had been convicted by the <a href="/wiki/Specialized_Criminal_Court_(Saudi_Arabia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialized Criminal Court (Saudi Arabia)">Specialized Criminal Court</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_37executions_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW_37executions-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which conducts trials for alleged terrorists and human rights activists.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_albjady_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW_albjady-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HRW_court_created_2008_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW_court_created_2008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AI_22Feb2012_in_court_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI_22Feb2012_in_court-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AI_alRashudi16_to_appeal_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI_alRashudi16_to_appeal-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Saudi_Organisation_for_Human_Rights" title="European Saudi Organisation for Human Rights">European Saudi Organisation for Human Rights</a> (ESOHR) followed the cases of many of the detainees prior to their execution. Among these, none of the detainees were allowed access to lawyers during the arrest and investigation stages of their cases, and 21 of them had their confessions extracted under <a href="/wiki/Coercion" title="Coercion">duress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both ESOHR and <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> obtained access to many of the court records.<sup id="cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_false_confessions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CNN stated that it had "hundreds of pages of documents from three 2016 trials involving 25" of the executees. CNN described the "Qatif 24 case" as involving charges related to the <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Saudi_Arabian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests">2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a>. It said that the fourteen executees among the "Qatif 24" were all charged with "joining a terror cell" and all denied the charge.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_false_confessions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nader al-Sweikat, father of executee Mujtaba al-Sweikat of the "Qatif 24", stated that "only few of the 24 men committed real crimes".<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_false_confessions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both ESOHR and CNN concluded that the prosecution's cases were mostly based on false confessions.<sup id="cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_false_confessions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Executions">Executions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Executions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 23 April 2019, Saudi Arabia's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Ministry of Interior (Saudi Arabia)">Interior Ministry</a> stated that Saudi men had been executed that day for the "terrorism related crimes" of "adopting terrorist and extremist thinking and [of] forming terrorist cells to corrupt and destabilize security".<sup id="cite_ref-daily_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daily-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thirty two of those executed belonged to the country's <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia">Shia minority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-midd_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-midd-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The executions, which were carried out by beheading,<sup id="cite_ref-ind_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ind-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gua_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gua-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were conducted in the capital <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, the Muslim holy cities of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, the central province of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qassim_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qassim Region">Al-Qassim</a>, Shia-populated <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Province,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia">Eastern Province</a> and the southern province of <a href="/wiki/%27Asir_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="'Asir Region">Asir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-midd_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-midd-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bodies of two of the executed men were <a href="/wiki/Gibbeting" title="Gibbeting">publicly displayed</a> on a pole for several hours as a warning to others.<sup id="cite_ref-ind_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ind-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-daily_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daily-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was described by the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Times_(Pakistan)" title="Daily Times (Pakistan)">Daily Times</a></i> as "[sparking] controversy because of its grisly display".<sup id="cite_ref-daily_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daily-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, many of the families of Shia Muslims executed in the mass execution had not been informed in advance<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were shocked to learn of the news.<sup id="cite_ref-daily_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daily-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the executions was that of a young man who was convicted of a crime that took place while he was under the age of 18, Abdulkareem al-Hawaj, a young Shi'a man who was arrested at the age of 16 and convicted of offences related to his involvement in anti-government protests.<sup id="cite_ref-daily_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daily-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsj_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to United Nations <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a>, "at least three of those killed were minors at the time of their sentencing", in violation of <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> that prohibits the use of the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a> against anyone under the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">age of 18</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-upi_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-upi-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Executees">Executees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Executees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the executees, Hussein al-Humaidy, was severely pressured prior to his sentencing and execution. Al-Humaidy confirmed to the judge, as officially recorded, that "severe psychological and physical pressure" was used during interrogations.<sup id="cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nine among the executees who provided forced confessions and/or were tortured included the following:<sup id="cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_false_confessions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Hussein al-Abboud was charged with giving information to Iranian authorities about the <a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a>, participating in the conflict, and meeting with <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a>. Al-Abboud stated that his confession was false and forced, and that he had been threatened with torture.<sup id="cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Munir al-Adam, a minor, lost his hearing in one ear as a result of torture.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_37executions_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW_37executions-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to ESOHR, he was punished for exercising "fundamental human rights such as freedom of assembly".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the trial, al-Adam said that his <a href="/wiki/False_confession" title="False confession">confession was false</a>, stating, "Those aren't my words. I didn't write a letter. This is defamation written by the interrogator with his own hand."<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_false_confessions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sheikh Mohammad Attiya was pressured to sign a confession against his will.<sup id="cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Abbas al-Hassan was accused of spying for Iran and physically tortured by beatings and sleep deprivation as well as psychologically tortured by threats to arrest his family.<sup id="cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Abdulkarim al-Hawaj, a minor, was tortured during his detainment, with methods including beatings, electric shocks and being kicked with heavy shoes.<sup id="cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hussein Mohammed al-Musallam denied his confession during his trial, stating, "Nothing in these confessions is correct and I cannot prove that I was forced to do it. But there are medical reports from the prison hospital of Dammam and I ask your honor to summon them. They show the effects of torture on my body."<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_false_confessions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Yusuf Abdullah al-Omri was pressured into signing a confession by being insulted and slapped. The presiding judge refused to refer to a videotape of the confession.<sup id="cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Salman Quraysh, a minor, was tortured by beatings, electric shocks and by being forced to take hallucinogenic pills, and was hospitalised four times as a result of the torture.<sup id="cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mujtaba al-Sweikat was tortured and signed a false confession.<sup id="cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Mujtaba al-Sweikat was a minor at the time of his arrest on 12 August 2012, while trying to fly to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> to study at <a href="/wiki/Western_Michigan_University" title="Western Michigan University">Western Michigan University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_37executions_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW_37executions-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his investigation, al-Sweikat was hung by his hands, beaten with wires and hoses, stubbed with cigarettes, slapped and beaten with shoes, and left with insufficient heating during the winter. He was given a choice between signing a false confession or returning to the investigation; he chose to sign the false confession to avoid further torture.<sup id="cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to al-Sweikat's father, who defended him in court, the case against Mujtaba was intended to "create the illusion of a terror cell", which in reality did not exist.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_false_confessions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Sweikat's father said that his son participated in the <a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif demonstrations</a> only twice, and for only five minutes each time.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_false_confessions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> quickly condemned the killings: "Today's mass execution of mostly Shia citizens is a day we have feared for several years," said Adam Coogle, Middle East researcher at HRW.<sup id="cite_ref-ind_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ind-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> condemned the executions, labeling them "a chilling demonstration of the authorities' disregard for human life."<sup id="cite_ref-fox_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lynn Maalouf, Middle East Research Director at Amnesty International, described these executions as a political tool for suppressing <a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9319_Qatif_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2017–19 Qatif unrest">Shi'a opponents in Saudi Arabia</a> and said that "It is also yet another gruesome indication of how the death penalty is being used as a political tool to crush dissent from within the country's <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> minority."<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amnesty International's Middle East and North Africa advocacy director, Philippe Nassif, stated that mass executions and human rights abuses increased during the leadership of Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a>. He said that in the context of negative United States foreign policy towards Iran, Saudi Arabian authorities justify their local and international attacks on Shiite communities by claiming that they are opposing Iranian influence.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Iran's foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Javad_Zarif" title="Mohammad Javad Zarif">Mohammad Javad Zarif</a> criticised the administration of US President Donald Trump for making no comments on the mass execution. He referred to Trump's support for Saudi Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a> and said that "Membership in the #B_team —<a href="/wiki/John_R._Bolton" class="mw-redirect" title="John R. Bolton">Bolton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad bin Salman">Bin Salman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Bin Zayed</a> & '<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Bibi</a>— gives immunity for any crime."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saudi_Arabia" title="Portal:Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Saudi_crackdown_on_feminists" title="2018–2019 Saudi crackdown on feminists">2018–2019 Saudi crackdown on feminists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ESOHR_2019mass_execution-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESOHR_2019mass_execution_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esohr.org/en/?p=2196">"Saudi Arabia is carrying out a second oppressive mass slaughter in the era of King Salman, including children, protestors, and activists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Saudi_Organisation_for_Human_Rights" title="European Saudi Organisation for Human Rights">European Saudi Organisation for Human Rights</a>. 24 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503010518/https://www.esohr.org/en/?p=2196">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2019</span>. <q>According to the ESOHR's documentation, at least 21 people executed by Saudi Arabia today said in court that their statements were extracted under duress and torture, ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia+is+carrying+out+a+second+oppressive+mass+slaughter+in+the+era+of+King+Salman%2C+including+children%2C+protestors%2C+and+activists&rft.pub=European+Saudi+Organisation+for+Human+Rights&rft.date=2019-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esohr.org%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D2196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Saudi+Arabia+mass+execution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN_false_confessions-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_false_confessions_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQiblawiBalkiz2019" class="citation news cs1">Qiblawi, Tamara; Balkiz, Ghazi (26 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/26/middleeast/saudi-executions-court-documents-intl/index.html">"Exclusive: Saudi Arabia said they confessed. But court filings show some executed men protested their innocence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426055318/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/26/middleeast/saudi-executions-court-documents-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Saudi+Arabia+said+they+confessed.+But+court+filings+show+some+executed+men+protested+their+innocence&rft.date=2019-04-26&rft.aulast=Qiblawi&rft.aufirst=Tamara&rft.au=Balkiz%2C+Ghazi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2019%2F04%2F26%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsaudi-executions-court-documents-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Saudi+Arabia+mass+execution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ny-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ny_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_Hubbard2019" class="citation web cs1">Ben Hubbard (23 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/23/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-executions.html">"Saudi Arabia Executes 37 in One Day for Terrorism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+Executes+37+in+One+Day+for+Terrorism&rft.date=2019-04-23&rft.au=Ben+Hubbard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F04%2F23%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsaudi-arabia-executions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Saudi+Arabia+mass+execution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ind-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ind_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Hall2019" class="citation web cs1">Richard Hall (23 April 2019). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-death-penalty-mass-executions-terrorism-capital-punishment-human-rights-a8882891.html">"Saudi Arabia carries out 'chilling' mass execution of 37 people for 'terrorism offences'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-death-penalty-mass-executions-terrorism-capital-punishment-human-rights-a8882891.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+carries+out+%27chilling%27+mass+execution+of+37+people+for+%27terrorism+offences%27&rft.date=2019-04-23&rft.au=Richard+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fsaudi-arabia-death-penalty-mass-executions-terrorism-capital-punishment-human-rights-a8882891.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Saudi+Arabia+mass+execution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jaz-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jaz_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.net/news/politics/2019/4/23/وزارة-الداخلية-السعودية-الإرهاب-السعودية-الإعدام">"Saudi Arabia executes 37 people on terrorism-related charges"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 23 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2019</span>. <q>The court convicted nearly all [of the Qatif24] defendants based on confessions they later repudiated in court, saying the authorities had tortured them.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+Mass+Execution+of+37+Men+%E2%80%94+Most+from+Shia+Community%2C+Convicted+in+Unfair+Trials&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2019-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2019%2F04%2F24%2Fsaudi-arabia-mass-execution-37-men&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Saudi+Arabia+mass+execution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gua-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gua_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gua_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/23/saudi-arabia-executes-citizens-over-alleged-terrorism-offences">"Saudi Arabia executes 37 citizens over alleged terrorism offences"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 23 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.N.+%27strongly+condemns%27+Saudi+Arabia%27s+beheading+of+37+people+in+mass+executions&rft.pub=United+Press+International&rft.date=2019-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FWorld-News%2F2019%2F04%2F24%2FUN-strongly-condemns-Saudi-Arabias-beheading-of-37-people-in-mass-executions%2F1151556158948%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Saudi+Arabia+mass+execution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503111634/https://shiitenews.org/shiitenews/saudia-arab-news/item/96494-96494/">"Saudi regime executed 37 people: Here is who they were"</a>. <i>Shiite News Network</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shiitenews.org/shiitenews/saudia-arab-news/item/96494-96494/">the original</a> on 3 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shiite+News+Network&rft.atitle=Saudi+regime+executed+37+people%3A+Here+is+who+they+were&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshiitenews.org%2Fshiitenews%2Fsaudia-arab-news%2Fitem%2F96494-96494%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Saudi+Arabia+mass+execution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fox-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fox_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_Zwirz2019" class="citation web cs1">Elizabeth Zwirz (23 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/saudi-arabia-executes-people-terrorism-allegations">"Saudi Arabia executes 37 people on terrorism allegations: report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia+executes+37+people+on+terrorism+allegations%3A+report&rft.pub=Fox+News&rft.date=2019-04-23&rft.au=Elizabeth+Zwirz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fsaudi-arabia-executes-people-terrorism-allegations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Saudi+Arabia+mass+execution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/growing-concerns-over-saudi-arabia-s-rights-abuses-/4898729.html">"Growing Concerns Over Saudi Arabia's Rights Abuses"</a>. Voice of America. 30 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Growing+Concerns+Over+Saudi+Arabia%27s+Rights+Abuses&rft.pub=Voice+of+America&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fgrowing-concerns-over-saudi-arabia-s-rights-abuses-%2F4898729.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Saudi+Arabia+mass+execution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZarif2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Javad_Zarif" class="mw-redirect" title="Javad Zarif">Zarif, Javad [@JZarif]</a> (23 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/JZarif/status/1120828178652696576">"After a wink at the dismembering of a journalist, not a whisper from the Trump administration when Saudi Arabia beheads 37 men in one day—even crucifying one two days after Easter. Membership in the #B_team —Bolton, Bin Salman, Bin Zayed & "Bibi"— gives immunity for any crime. https://t.co/GgtfOqowGq"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+a+wink+at+the+dismembering+of+a+journalist%2C+not+a+whisper+from+the+Trump+administration+when+Saudi+Arabia+beheads+37+men+in+one+day%E2%80%94even+crucifying+one+two+days+after+Easter.+Membership+in+the+%23B_team+%E2%80%94Bolton%2C+Bin+Salman%2C+Bin+Zayed+%26amp%3B+%22Bibi%22%E2%80%94+gives+immunity+for+any+crime.+https%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2FGgtfOqowGq&rft.date=2019-04-23&rft.aulast=Zarif&rft.aufirst=Javad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FJZarif%2Fstatus%2F1120828178652696576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Saudi+Arabia+mass+execution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution&oldid=1239884301">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution&oldid=1239884301</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2019_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:2019 in Saudi Arabia">2019 in Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_executions_by_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:21st-century executions by Saudi Arabia">21st-century executions by Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prisoners_sentenced_to_death_by_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Prisoners sentenced to death by Saudi Arabia">Prisoners sentenced to death by Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_and_cultural_purges" title="Category:Political and cultural purges">Political and cultural purges</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia">Human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_repression_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Political repression in Saudi Arabia">Political repression in Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Massacres_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Massacres in Saudi Arabia">Massacres in Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Qatif_conflict" title="Category:Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description" title="Category:Short description with empty Wikidata description">Short description with empty Wikidata description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2019">Use dmy dates from October 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 August 2024, at 05:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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