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href="https://medcol.academia.edu/">University of Malawi, College of Medicine</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://medcol.academia.edu/Departments/Public_Health/Documents">Public Health</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Adamson" data-follow-user-id="28151851" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="28151851"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;"><b>Address: </b>Blantyre, Malawi<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28151851" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://medcol.academia.edu/AdamsonMuula","location":"/AdamsonMuula","scheme":"https","host":"medcol.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/AdamsonMuula","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" 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data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Adamson Muula</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125093748"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093748/Unmet_contraceptives_needs_among_Female_Sex_Workers_FSWs_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Unmet contraceptives needs among Female Sex Workers (FSWs) in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119198823/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093748/Unmet_contraceptives_needs_among_Female_Sex_Workers_FSWs_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi">Unmet contraceptives needs among Female Sex Workers (FSWs) in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Research Square (Research Square)</span><span>, Nov 19, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ef83ba56c7686afa6766a335c02fc7cc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119198823,"asset_id":125093748,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119198823/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span 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In order to fill this knowledge gap, we estimated the prevalence of unmet contraceptive needs and examined associated factors among FSWs in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi. Methods: We used systematic sampling to recruit 290 female sex workers in semi urban Blantyre between February and March 2019. In this cross sectional study, we used questionnaire interviews to collect quantitative data. We calculated the mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables to describe the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between unmet needs (the outcome variable) and explanatory variables such as: having a steady partner, fear of contraceptives' side effects and having a history of sexually transmitted infections. Results: Out of the 290 study participants 102 (35.2%) reported unmet contraceptive needs. The following factors were significantly associated with unmet contraceptive needs in multivariate analysis: female sex workers' history of physical and sexual violence by clients [OR 3.38, 95% CI (1.10, 10.43)], p \u003c 0.03, participants with a steady partner [OR 3.28, 95% CI (1.89, 5.68)], p \u003c 0.001, and participants who feared side effects of contraceptives [OR 2.99, 95% CI (1.73, 5.20)], p \u003c 0.001. Conclusion: Reproductive Health services should address barriers to contraceptives use for instance: violence by female sex workers' clients, fear and misinformation on contraceptives. There is need to improve awareness of contraceptives. Specific health promotion interventions on female sex workers engaged in a steady partnership are recommended. It is important to enhance the knowledge, attitudes, and counseling skills of health care providers in order to address unmet contraceptive needs among female sex workers in semi-urban Blantyre. Plain English summary: Unmet contraceptive needs are defined as lack of contraceptives use in heterosexually active women of childbearing age who do not wish to become pregnant. Unmet contraceptive needs are the main cause of short inter-pregnancy intervals, early childbearing, physical abuse, unintended pregnancy, poor maternal and child health outcomes. Several studies have documented low contraceptives use among female sex workers (FSWs), but research has paid limited attention to understanding factors associated with unmet contraceptive needs among this population in semi urban Blantyre Malawi. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we estimated the prevalence of unmet contraceptive needs and examined factors that were associated with unmet contraceptive needs among FSWs in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125093747"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093747/Actions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs_after_condom_failure_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Actions taken by female sex workers (FSWs) after condom failure in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119198822/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093747/Actions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs_after_condom_failure_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi">Actions taken by female sex workers (FSWs) after condom failure in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>BMC Women's Health</span><span>, Dec 1, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6c6274d68a82eebbb2bc0c159ca40ac2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119198822,"asset_id":125093747,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119198822/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125093747"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125093747"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125093747; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6c6274d68a82eebbb2bc0c159ca40ac2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125093747]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125093747,"title":"Actions taken by female sex workers (FSWs) after condom failure in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"BioMed Central","grobid_abstract":"Background: Little is known about actions taken by female sex workers (FSWs) after male condom failure during male-female sexual intercourse. The objective of this study was to investigate the actions taken by FSWs after condom failure among FSWs in semi-urban, Blantyre in Malawi. Methods: A cross sectional, qualitative study was conducted among FSWs in Blantyre, Malawi between May and July 2019. Snowballing technique was used to recruit study participants in four purposively selected study sites. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted by trained research assistants among 40 FSWs. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Study participants reported having taken different actions after condom failure. Out of 18 FSWs who experienced condom failure, 10 reported to have stopped sex immediately and changed the condom and then resumed afterwards. They reported to have douched, urinated, and/or squatted to prevent pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV acquisition. Five study participants reported to have asked for extra pay from the client; 10 FSWs didn't seek medical care. They thought the actions taken were enough for HIV and pregnancy prevention. Out of the 18 FSWs, only 3 stopped sexual intercourse completely and sought medical care which included post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV, STI treatment, and emergency contraceptives. Another 3 reported that they did not stop the sexual intercourse but only squatted and/or douched after sexual intercourse. The remaining 2 FSWs reported not to have stopped sexual intercourse and no any other actions were taken after the condom failure. Conclusion: We report some inadequate behaviors among FSWs after condom failure. Health programs should develop interventions and support the performance of safer sex and actions after condom failure among FSWs to prevent STIs including HIV, and unplanned pregnancies. Interpersonal, structural and policy factors hindering FSWs' access to perform effective interventions need to be addressed.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":12,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"BMC Women's Health","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":119198822},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125093747/Actions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs_after_condom_failure_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-10-27T21:52:19.085-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":28151851,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":119198822,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119198822/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s12905-020-01142-y.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119198822/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Actions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119198822/s12905-020-01142-y-libre.pdf?1730092293=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DActions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs.pdf\u0026Expires=1732719026\u0026Signature=YeUMoUmpJjAxhsl73y6HRIBxL202HPee~NVpCtLm9YDYrGm0wxzyuJdz7OeVvOJh-DGRs6DKuOF3hHw-NHtQdRVb8TvYI2FA~W5z1SWbXW~XEYpydNoxNd596zC3T~3g1zbzIHC~TTMh1WpgLxcQuWTVdOTKhdPtRptCKh2NmrsElbohiqiVpOrLSU7EUQ7baCtDuKEeMxljzd109ugWUNvRTe2KtfRI-OFMKC0OVC7qrTBe1VXcSzK0KQtmuNHGulEzN2jpOPfEWC9AVFOxmKFbsQN~PMEQBmOXiXlfK4MIMRHPEk2hfhhytN4hzmkV2ThGw17~NW83HL5Ai1j-mQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Actions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs_after_condom_failure_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":28151851,"first_name":"Adamson","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Muula","page_name":"AdamsonMuula","domain_name":"medcol","created_at":"2015-03-19T11:14:57.135-07:00","display_name":"Adamson Muula","url":"https://medcol.academia.edu/AdamsonMuula"},"attachments":[{"id":119198822,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119198822/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s12905-020-01142-y.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119198822/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Actions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119198822/s12905-020-01142-y-libre.pdf?1730092293=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DActions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs.pdf\u0026Expires=1732719026\u0026Signature=YeUMoUmpJjAxhsl73y6HRIBxL202HPee~NVpCtLm9YDYrGm0wxzyuJdz7OeVvOJh-DGRs6DKuOF3hHw-NHtQdRVb8TvYI2FA~W5z1SWbXW~XEYpydNoxNd596zC3T~3g1zbzIHC~TTMh1WpgLxcQuWTVdOTKhdPtRptCKh2NmrsElbohiqiVpOrLSU7EUQ7baCtDuKEeMxljzd109ugWUNvRTe2KtfRI-OFMKC0OVC7qrTBe1VXcSzK0KQtmuNHGulEzN2jpOPfEWC9AVFOxmKFbsQN~PMEQBmOXiXlfK4MIMRHPEk2hfhhytN4hzmkV2ThGw17~NW83HL5Ai1j-mQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":119198821,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119198821/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s12905-020-01142-y.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119198821/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Actions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119198821/s12905-020-01142-y-libre.pdf?1730092294=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DActions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs.pdf\u0026Expires=1732719026\u0026Signature=hCwcFTx2sShbPn6oi45nUuWRlP5hAg6RSyBTFu9izEPK~VrlgVTR4opbXZCeNacRwzknc0d4paX1TCLRDSp5ZrlKwI635cesYKcqWPg8Hot697wSEsvKOq5yZG-K4SmpFjo6z6bW7W7E~R0TgnJC3suA34nC7NrYfSKVrocX~3FmJTBnw32x6A30zFKrYvBm0ovi2Gm5Lk6VK6-t6ps7mq8zuYzT6L3IZn8Ybtm8tcj38dbp333NXo0PG2FGPCZ8AWOp3FFACBx~DCoYNIbyOZliMKwCqf~u7Od4KM27SMy6~ydBGYsTqZTsixlPBYnsCtoHOFoMhNEFOwt0ygUl2Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":722748,"name":"Condom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condom"},{"id":2425122,"name":"Sexual Intercourse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Intercourse"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"}],"urls":[{"id":45359326,"url":"https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12905-020-01142-y"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125093746"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093746/Unmet_contraceptive_needs_among_female_sex_workers_FSWs_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Unmet contraceptive needs among female sex workers (FSWs) in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119198820/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093746/Unmet_contraceptive_needs_among_female_sex_workers_FSWs_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi">Unmet contraceptive needs among female sex workers (FSWs) in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Reproductive Health</span><span>, Jan 19, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="45dcac6507efcd8d5356ea04ff8d546b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119198820,"asset_id":125093746,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119198820/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125093746"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125093746"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125093746; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125093746]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125093746]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125093746; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125093746']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 125093746, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "45dcac6507efcd8d5356ea04ff8d546b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125093746]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125093746,"title":"Unmet contraceptive needs among female sex workers (FSWs) in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science+Business Media","grobid_abstract":"Background: Research has paid limited attention to understanding factors that are associated with unmet contraceptive needs among female sex workers. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we estimated the prevalence of unmet contraceptive needs and examined associated factors among FSWs in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi. Methods: We used systematic sampling to recruit 290 female sex workers in semi urban Blantyre between February and March 2019. In this cross sectional study, we used questionnaire interviews to collect quantitative data. We calculated the mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables to describe the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between unmet needs (the outcome variable) and explanatory variables such as: having a steady partner, fear of contraceptives' side effects and having a history of sexually transmitted infections. Results: Out of the 290 study participants 102 (35.2%) reported unmet contraceptive needs. The following factors were significantly associated with unmet contraceptive needs in multivariate analysis: female sex workers' history of physical and sexual violence by clients [OR 3.38, 95% CI (1.10, 10.43)], p \u003c 0.03, participants with a steady partner [OR 3.28, 95% CI (1.89, 5.68)], p \u003c 0.001, and participants who feared side effects of contraceptives [OR 2.99, 95% CI (1.73, 5.20)], p \u003c 0.001. Conclusion: Reproductive Health services should address barriers to contraceptives use for instance: violence by female sex workers' clients, fear and misinformation on contraceptives. There is need to improve awareness of contraceptives. Specific health promotion interventions on female sex workers engaged in a steady partnership are recommended. It is important to enhance the knowledge, attitudes, and counseling skills of health care providers in order to address unmet contraceptive needs among female sex workers in semi-urban Blantyre. Plain English summary: Unmet contraceptive needs are defined as lack of contraceptives use in heterosexually active women of childbearing age who do not wish to become pregnant. Unmet contraceptive needs are the main cause of short inter-pregnancy intervals, early childbearing, physical abuse, unintended pregnancy, poor maternal and child health outcomes. Several studies have documented low contraceptives use among female sex workers (FSWs), but research has paid limited attention to understanding factors associated with unmet contraceptive needs among this population in semi urban Blantyre Malawi. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we estimated the prevalence of unmet contraceptive needs and examined factors that were associated with unmet contraceptive needs among FSWs in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125093744"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093744/Availability_of_supplies_and_motivations_for_use_of_voluntary_HIV_counseling_and_testing_services_in_Blantyre_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Availability of supplies and motivations for use of voluntary HIV counseling and testing services in Blantyre, Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119198818/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093744/Availability_of_supplies_and_motivations_for_use_of_voluntary_HIV_counseling_and_testing_services_in_Blantyre_Malawi">Availability of supplies and motivations for use of voluntary HIV counseling and testing services in Blantyre, Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)</span><span>, Jan 23, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d0379e5cba16532edb7d13004f616c01" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119198818,"asset_id":125093744,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119198818/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125093744"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125093744"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125093744; 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Counseling and testing can be an entry point for prevention, care and support. Knowledge of the quality of services and motivations for testing by individuals is important for effective understanding of the testing environment. Methods: A cross sectional explorative study of clients accessing HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and counselors was conducted in 6 government health centers in Blantyre City, Malawi. We aimed to assess the availability of critical clinic supplies and identify the motivations of clients seeking counseling and testing services. We also aimed to identify the health professional cadres that were providing VCT in Blantyre city. Results: 102 VCT clients and 26 VCT counselors were interviewed. Among the VCT clients, 74% were \u003c=29 years, 58.8% were females and only 7% reported no formal education. 42.2% were single, 45.1% married, 8.8% widowed and 3.9% divorced or separated. The primary reasons for seeking HIV counseling and testing were: recent knowledge about HIV (31.4%), current illness (22.5%), self-assessment of own behavior as risky (15.5%), suspecting sexual partner's infidelity (13.7%) and seeking HIV confirmatory test (9.8%) and other reasons (6.9%). Of the 26 VCT counselors, 14 were lay volunteers, 7 health surveillance assistants and 5 nurses. All except one had been trained specifically for HIV counseling and testing. All 6 facilities were conducting rapid HIV testing with same day test results provided to clients. Most of the supplies were considered adequate for testing. Conclusion: HIV counseling and testing facilities were available in Blantyre city in all the six public health facilities assessed. The majority of counseling and testing clients were motivated by perceptions of being at risk of HIV infection. In a country with 12% of individuals 15 to 49 years infected, there is need to encourage testing among population groups that may not perceive themselves to be at risk of infection. Background Sub-Saharan Africa has been heavily affected by the Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and AIDS pandemic. 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Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 23 public, faith-based and private health facilities in Zomba, Machinga and Nsanje districts. We analyzed oral medicine samples of commonly used medicines among antibiotics, antimalarial, antihypertensive and antidiabetics in accordance with Malawi Essential Medicines List and local treatment guidelines. These medicines were subjected to visual inspection for any defects and screening for the content of active pharmaceutical ingredient and disintegration of dosage units. Samples that failed during screening and at least 10% of those that passed were subjected to pharmacopeia assay and dissolution test for confirmation. We used thin layer chromatography and disintegration test methods provided in the Global Pharma Health Fund minilab® for the screen...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b1a8dabdd529fd35ea2c328c9ff01371" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669654,"asset_id":123172582,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669654/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172582"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172582"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172582; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172582]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172582]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172582; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172582']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172582, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b1a8dabdd529fd35ea2c328c9ff01371" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172582]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172582,"title":"Burden of and factors associated with poor quality antibiotic, antimalarial, antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Objective To assess the prevalence and factors associated with substandard and falsified (SF) medicines among antibiotic, antimalarial, antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines in Malawi. 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We used thin layer chromatography and disintegration test methods provided in the Global Pharma Health Fund minilab® for the screen...","publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","publication_name":"PLOS ONE"},"translated_abstract":"Objective To assess the prevalence and factors associated with substandard and falsified (SF) medicines among antibiotic, antimalarial, antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines in Malawi. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 23 public, faith-based and private health facilities in Zomba, Machinga and Nsanje districts. We analyzed oral medicine samples of commonly used medicines among antibiotics, antimalarial, antihypertensive and antidiabetics in accordance with Malawi Essential Medicines List and local treatment guidelines. These medicines were subjected to visual inspection for any defects and screening for the content of active pharmaceutical ingredient and disintegration of dosage units. Samples that failed during screening and at least 10% of those that passed were subjected to pharmacopeia assay and dissolution test for confirmation. We used thin layer chromatography and disintegration test methods provided in the Global Pharma Health Fund minilab® for the screen...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123172582/Burden_of_and_factors_associated_with_poor_quality_antibiotic_antimalarial_antihypertensive_and_antidiabetic_medicines_in_Malawi","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T00:48:12.521-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":28151851,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117669654,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669654/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"file.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669654/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Burden_of_and_factors_associated_with_po.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117669654/file-libre.pdf?1724489487=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBurden_of_and_factors_associated_with_po.pdf\u0026Expires=1732719026\u0026Signature=N~QZJcE7T~IPyAaSrRKd6gA~ZTXpsBuSWgJB38KPrT~ERMliTMq3Lj0SEE~5sxd8dYNvPCQWueWjPG8HdXrSOiDz1JU2f4tFwdhvxev6MVgK03Gb5Ssbc1dDEt1Z~zaDIcwX2BbSWVV7o3TNec2qvkvOFbPG8EbaC5CUpSuiFYwWIrphrCOjpjZNkIvZGCXrQTimbOnOXdolO6~dJTOKZEznRU~rkqqKTJyjC4LeurIUUrNtJ6GQwAV2zRM403MmZWQbXZ9RAoAuBZVvj2B8AdRJVqrodV8o6OQiQcYRTc8K-5PYjuxYMx2qFgucqKFEi1jyCIlwWn7XBx2hPQgVuA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Burden_of_and_factors_associated_with_poor_quality_antibiotic_antimalarial_antihypertensive_and_antidiabetic_medicines_in_Malawi","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":28151851,"first_name":"Adamson","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Muula","page_name":"AdamsonMuula","domain_name":"medcol","created_at":"2015-03-19T11:14:57.135-07:00","display_name":"Adamson Muula","url":"https://medcol.academia.edu/AdamsonMuula"},"attachments":[{"id":117669654,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669654/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"file.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669654/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Burden_of_and_factors_associated_with_po.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117669654/file-libre.pdf?1724489487=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBurden_of_and_factors_associated_with_po.pdf\u0026Expires=1732719026\u0026Signature=N~QZJcE7T~IPyAaSrRKd6gA~ZTXpsBuSWgJB38KPrT~ERMliTMq3Lj0SEE~5sxd8dYNvPCQWueWjPG8HdXrSOiDz1JU2f4tFwdhvxev6MVgK03Gb5Ssbc1dDEt1Z~zaDIcwX2BbSWVV7o3TNec2qvkvOFbPG8EbaC5CUpSuiFYwWIrphrCOjpjZNkIvZGCXrQTimbOnOXdolO6~dJTOKZEznRU~rkqqKTJyjC4LeurIUUrNtJ6GQwAV2zRM403MmZWQbXZ9RAoAuBZVvj2B8AdRJVqrodV8o6OQiQcYRTc8K-5PYjuxYMx2qFgucqKFEi1jyCIlwWn7XBx2hPQgVuA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one"}],"urls":[{"id":44208235,"url":"https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279637"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172581"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172581/Quality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_Mellitus_Patients_at_Kamuzu_Central_Hospital_in_Lilongwe_Malawi_a_Mixed_method_Study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Quality of Life Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: a Mixed-method Study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669658/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172581/Quality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_Mellitus_Patients_at_Kamuzu_Central_Hospital_in_Lilongwe_Malawi_a_Mixed_method_Study">Quality of Life Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: a Mixed-method Study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) yet ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) yet data on quality of life among these patients in Malawi are lacking. This study was conducted to assess QoL among patients with T2DM. Methods: A mixed-method cross-section study was carried out at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), Lilongwe, Malawi. A systematic sampling method was used for quantitative data and purposive sampling was used for qualitative data. A modified diabetes quality of life (MDQoL)-17 questionnaire was used for quantitative data while in-depth interviews and diary methods were used for qualitative data. Demographic data were summarized using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using t-test and ANOVA. Thematic content analysis guided by Braun and Clark (2006) was utilized to analyze qualitative data. Ethical approval was obtained from the College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (CoMREC) reference number P.09.20.3122.Results: A sample of 339 partic...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="68f25b65d5d5b37eb9029797aaa9fbc0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669658,"asset_id":123172581,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669658/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172581"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172581; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172581]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172581; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172581']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172581, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "68f25b65d5d5b37eb9029797aaa9fbc0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172581]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172581,"title":"Quality of Life Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: a Mixed-method Study","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Background: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) yet data on quality of life among these patients in Malawi are lacking. This study was conducted to assess QoL among patients with T2DM. Methods: A mixed-method cross-section study was carried out at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), Lilongwe, Malawi. A systematic sampling method was used for quantitative data and purposive sampling was used for qualitative data. A modified diabetes quality of life (MDQoL)-17 questionnaire was used for quantitative data while in-depth interviews and diary methods were used for qualitative data. Demographic data were summarized using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using t-test and ANOVA. Thematic content analysis guided by Braun and Clark (2006) was utilized to analyze qualitative data. Ethical approval was obtained from the College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (CoMREC) reference number P.09.20.3122.Results: A sample of 339 partic...","publisher":"Research Square Platform LLC"},"translated_abstract":"Background: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) yet data on quality of life among these patients in Malawi are lacking. This study was conducted to assess QoL among patients with T2DM. Methods: A mixed-method cross-section study was carried out at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), Lilongwe, Malawi. A systematic sampling method was used for quantitative data and purposive sampling was used for qualitative data. A modified diabetes quality of life (MDQoL)-17 questionnaire was used for quantitative data while in-depth interviews and diary methods were used for qualitative data. Demographic data were summarized using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using t-test and ANOVA. Thematic content analysis guided by Braun and Clark (2006) was utilized to analyze qualitative data. Ethical approval was obtained from the College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (CoMREC) reference number P.09.20.3122.Results: A sample of 339 partic...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123172581/Quality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_Mellitus_Patients_at_Kamuzu_Central_Hospital_in_Lilongwe_Malawi_a_Mixed_method_Study","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T00:48:12.290-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":28151851,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117669658,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669658/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"latest.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669658/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Quality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_M.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117669658/latest-libre.pdf?1724489503=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DQuality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_M.pdf\u0026Expires=1732719027\u0026Signature=O6WxnbO7WVsTxar-6AA0J9cCXnYsBP~Q696omgHODTNOhR1u~b8648-izP9btKF2iljIZQsgqY665z3h9Et~mDPp2A4PTIQpErvFC8C2KlE8uelp60yIImn8Y9LOG7glN~UXtGpzO1XUSD85tfMejVBnNBqK37RsiAZ~8CtXsxSLf1wxItM5MqVzmR-rQzgAQK5oShlLyC25024CmawrHMzOMiDNnByZWtMwB5wuqXrwxEl77JhSRAe7QDpua2Tol7kVTnMimNj0OPc5BwZMICrr8xD1K783cExu78tF7Bg4ygicXUV5C1yJDZXlhu3UZvlDT4WcCaeZwZU~-oy1tg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Quality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_Mellitus_Patients_at_Kamuzu_Central_Hospital_in_Lilongwe_Malawi_a_Mixed_method_Study","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":28151851,"first_name":"Adamson","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Muula","page_name":"AdamsonMuula","domain_name":"medcol","created_at":"2015-03-19T11:14:57.135-07:00","display_name":"Adamson Muula","url":"https://medcol.academia.edu/AdamsonMuula"},"attachments":[{"id":117669658,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669658/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"latest.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669658/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Quality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_M.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117669658/latest-libre.pdf?1724489503=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DQuality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_M.pdf\u0026Expires=1732719027\u0026Signature=O6WxnbO7WVsTxar-6AA0J9cCXnYsBP~Q696omgHODTNOhR1u~b8648-izP9btKF2iljIZQsgqY665z3h9Et~mDPp2A4PTIQpErvFC8C2KlE8uelp60yIImn8Y9LOG7glN~UXtGpzO1XUSD85tfMejVBnNBqK37RsiAZ~8CtXsxSLf1wxItM5MqVzmR-rQzgAQK5oShlLyC25024CmawrHMzOMiDNnByZWtMwB5wuqXrwxEl77JhSRAe7QDpua2Tol7kVTnMimNj0OPc5BwZMICrr8xD1K783cExu78tF7Bg4ygicXUV5C1yJDZXlhu3UZvlDT4WcCaeZwZU~-oy1tg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":71511,"name":"Diabetes mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_mellitus"},{"id":181597,"name":"Root-Mean Square Error","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root-Mean_Square_Error"},{"id":4151399,"name":"Root mean square error","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root_mean_square_error"}],"urls":[{"id":44208234,"url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1666840/v1"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172580"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172580/Factors_associated_with_long_acting_and_short_acting_reversible_contraceptive_use_in_Ethiopia_an_analysis_of_the_2016_Demographic_and_Health_Survey"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Factors associated with long-acting and short-acting reversible contraceptive use in Ethiopia: an analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669655/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172580/Factors_associated_with_long_acting_and_short_acting_reversible_contraceptive_use_in_Ethiopia_an_analysis_of_the_2016_Demographic_and_Health_Survey">Factors associated with long-acting and short-acting reversible contraceptive use in Ethiopia: an analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The European Journal of Contraception &amp; Reproductive Health Care</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="212bc86cc0555dea889dd25592de004e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669655,"asset_id":123172580,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669655/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172580"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172580"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172580; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172580]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172580]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172580; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172580']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172580, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "212bc86cc0555dea889dd25592de004e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172580]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172580,"title":"Factors associated with long-acting and short-acting reversible contraceptive use in Ethiopia: an analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","grobid_abstract":"Purpose: This study sought to examine different factors associated with use of contraceptive types among Ethiopian women, as well as to update the literature on general contraceptive use. These analyses can be used to tailor and improve family planning policy and long-acting contraceptive use. Methods: The Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016 conducted in-person interviews with 15,683 women aged 15-49. Participants were asked about contraceptive use, family planning attitudes, personal and household characteristics, and lifestyle. We used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to analyse factors associated with general contraceptive use and long-acting contraceptive use. Results: Our study confirms many previously documented determinants of general contraceptive use including marital status, age, religion, decision-making ability, and occupation. Factors associated with long-versus short-term reversible contraceptive use were religion, region, age group, highest level of education, and discussing family planning at a health facility. Conclusion: This study outlines crucial differences between long-and short-acting contraceptive users. Further family planning policy efforts taking into account regional, religious and other personal and socioeconomic factors would effectively augment ongoing efforts. Additionally, the role played by discussion with health professionals in supporting long-term contraceptive use reflects the success of the ongoing effort to drive use in Ethiopia. KEY MESSAGE Global and national health actors are focused on improving access to long-acting contraceptives, however there is little evidence on factors that facilitate their uptake compared to the traditionally popular, short-acting contraceptives. Our study found significant religious and regional differences in long-acting contraceptive use which policy makers can use to guide their efforts.. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172579"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172579/Study_Protocol_Feasibility_and_Pilot_Trial_of_Brief_Behaviour_Change_Counseling_Using_Five_as_and_a_Guiding_Style_From_Motivational_Interviewing_on_Lifestyle_Behaviour_in_Patients_With_Hypertension_or_Diabetes_in_Mangochi_Malawi_BBCC_5_As_GS_Quasi_experimental_Study_Protocol"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Study Protocol Feasibility and Pilot Trial of Brief Behaviour Change Counseling Using Five as and a Guiding Style From Motivational Interviewing on Lifestyle Behaviour in Patients With Hypertension or Diabetes in Mangochi, Malawi: BBCC+5 A's+GS Quasi-experimental Study Protocol" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669652/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172579/Study_Protocol_Feasibility_and_Pilot_Trial_of_Brief_Behaviour_Change_Counseling_Using_Five_as_and_a_Guiding_Style_From_Motivational_Interviewing_on_Lifestyle_Behaviour_in_Patients_With_Hypertension_or_Diabetes_in_Mangochi_Malawi_BBCC_5_As_GS_Quasi_experimental_Study_Protocol">Study Protocol Feasibility and Pilot Trial of Brief Behaviour Change Counseling Using Five as and a Guiding Style From Motivational Interviewing on Lifestyle Behaviour in Patients With Hypertension or Diabetes in Mangochi, Malawi: BBCC+5 A's+GS Quasi-experimental Study Protocol</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">BackgroundDiabetes and hypertension and their lifestyle risk factors are on the increase in sub-S...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">BackgroundDiabetes and hypertension and their lifestyle risk factors are on the increase in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite positive effects of behavioural intervention such as brief behaviour change in some African countries, there has not been significant implementation of the same in Malawi. We therefore decided to conduct this study aimed at implementing brief behaviour change counseling using 5 As and a guiding style from motivational interviewing (BBCC + 5 As + GS) in Mangochi with specific objectives of determining its feasibility and its efficacy.MethodsThis study is a mixed, quasi-experimental, feasibility study which comprises an exploratory 2 arms quantitative part with a qualitative component at the end of the trial. Fifty consecutive eligible participants will be recruited among patients attending two Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) clinics (Mangochi District Hospital and Monkey Bay Rural Hospital) and allocated equally to intervention group (receiving brief behaviour chan...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d794badbf92e2f0c2396486762ae8f39" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669652,"asset_id":123172579,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669652/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172579"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172579"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172579; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172579]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172579]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172579; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172579']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172579, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d794badbf92e2f0c2396486762ae8f39" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172579]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172579,"title":"Study Protocol Feasibility and Pilot Trial of Brief Behaviour Change Counseling Using Five as and a Guiding Style From Motivational Interviewing on Lifestyle Behaviour in Patients With Hypertension or Diabetes in Mangochi, Malawi: BBCC+5 A's+GS Quasi-experimental Study Protocol","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"BackgroundDiabetes and hypertension and their lifestyle risk factors are on the increase in sub-Saharan Africa. 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Fifty consecutive eligible participants will be recruited among patients attending two Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) clinics (Mangochi District Hospital and Monkey Bay Rural Hospital) and allocated equally to intervention group (receiving brief behaviour chan...","publisher":"Research Square Platform LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"BackgroundDiabetes and hypertension and their lifestyle risk factors are on the increase in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite positive effects of behavioural intervention such as brief behaviour change in some African countries, there has not been significant implementation of the same in Malawi. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172578"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172578/Mentoring_upcoming_researchers_for_non_communicable_diseases_research_and_practice_in_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mentoring upcoming researchers for non-communicable diseases’ research and practice in Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669624/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172578/Mentoring_upcoming_researchers_for_non_communicable_diseases_research_and_practice_in_Malawi">Mentoring upcoming researchers for non-communicable diseases’ research and practice in Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Trials</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Malawi College of Medicine and its partners are building non-communicable diseases’ (NCDs’) r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Malawi College of Medicine and its partners are building non-communicable diseases’ (NCDs’) research capacity through a grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health. Several strategies are being implemented including research mentorship for junior researchers interested to build careers in NCDs’ research. In this article, we present the rationale for and our experiences with this mentorship program over its 2 years of implementation. Lessons learned and the challenges are also shared.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fece71f4acca4157e6c8edbe748d42a5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669624,"asset_id":123172578,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669624/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172578"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172578"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172578; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172578]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172578]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172578; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172578']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172578, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fece71f4acca4157e6c8edbe748d42a5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172578]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172578,"title":"Mentoring upcoming researchers for non-communicable diseases’ research and practice in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Malawi College of Medicine and its partners are building non-communicable diseases’ (NCDs’) research capacity through a grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health. Several strategies are being implemented including research mentorship for junior researchers interested to build careers in NCDs’ research. In this article, we present the rationale for and our experiences with this mentorship program over its 2 years of implementation. Lessons learned and the challenges are also shared.","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Trials"},"translated_abstract":"The Malawi College of Medicine and its partners are building non-communicable diseases’ (NCDs’) research capacity through a grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health. Several strategies are being implemented including research mentorship for junior researchers interested to build careers in NCDs’ research. In this article, we present the rationale for and our experiences with this mentorship program over its 2 years of implementation. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172576"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172576/Quality_of_maternal_obstetric_and_neonatal_care_in_low_income_countries_development_of_a_composite_index"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Quality of maternal obstetric and neonatal care in low-income countries: development of a composite index" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669622/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172576/Quality_of_maternal_obstetric_and_neonatal_care_in_low_income_countries_development_of_a_composite_index">Quality of maternal obstetric and neonatal care in low-income countries: development of a composite index</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>BMC Medical Research Methodology</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4d02c8ba0af1863471fabeb628828bc3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669622,"asset_id":123172576,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669622/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172576"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172576"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172576; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172575"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172575/The_money_can_be_a_motivator_to_me_a_little_but_mostly_PBF_just_helps_me_to_do_better_in_my_job_An_exploration_of_the_motivational_mechanisms_of_performance_based_financing_for_health_workers_in_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The money can be a motivator, to me a little, but mostly PBF just helps me to do better in my job.' An exploration of the motivational mechanisms of performance-based financing for health workers in Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669659/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172575/The_money_can_be_a_motivator_to_me_a_little_but_mostly_PBF_just_helps_me_to_do_better_in_my_job_An_exploration_of_the_motivational_mechanisms_of_performance_based_financing_for_health_workers_in_Malawi">The money can be a motivator, to me a little, but mostly PBF just helps me to do better in my job.' An exploration of the motivational mechanisms of performance-based financing for health workers in Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Health policy and planning</span><span>, Jan 20, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Performance-based financing (PBF) is assumed to improve health care delivery by motivating health...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Performance-based financing (PBF) is assumed to improve health care delivery by motivating health workers to enhance their work performance. However, the exact motivational mechanisms through which PBF is assumed to produce such changes are poorly understood to date. Although PBF is increasingly recognized as a complex health systems intervention, its motivational effect for individual health workers is still often reduced to financial &#39;carrots and sticks&#39; in the literature and discourse. Aiming to contribute to the development of a more comprehensive understanding of the motivational mechanisms, we explored how PBF impacted health worker motivation in the context of the Malawian Results-based Financing for Maternal and Newborn Health (RBF4MNH) Initiative. We conducted in-depth interviews with 41 nurses, medical assistants and clinical officers from primary- and secondary-level health facilities 1 and 2 years after the introduction of RBF4MNH in 2013. Six categories of motiv...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9b900ec350ba5378b836935daa187ced" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669659,"asset_id":123172575,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669659/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172575"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172575"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172575; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172575]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172575]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172575; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172575']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172575, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9b900ec350ba5378b836935daa187ced" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172575]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172575,"title":"The money can be a motivator, to me a little, but mostly PBF just helps me to do better in my job.' An exploration of the motivational mechanisms of performance-based financing for health workers in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Performance-based financing (PBF) is assumed to improve health care delivery by motivating health workers to enhance their work performance. However, the exact motivational mechanisms through which PBF is assumed to produce such changes are poorly understood to date. Although PBF is increasingly recognized as a complex health systems intervention, its motivational effect for individual health workers is still often reduced to financial \u0026#39;carrots and sticks\u0026#39; in the literature and discourse. Aiming to contribute to the development of a more comprehensive understanding of the motivational mechanisms, we explored how PBF impacted health worker motivation in the context of the Malawian Results-based Financing for Maternal and Newborn Health (RBF4MNH) Initiative. We conducted in-depth interviews with 41 nurses, medical assistants and clinical officers from primary- and secondary-level health facilities 1 and 2 years after the introduction of RBF4MNH in 2013. Six categories of motiv...","publication_date":{"day":20,"month":1,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Health policy and planning"},"translated_abstract":"Performance-based financing (PBF) is assumed to improve health care delivery by motivating health workers to enhance their work performance. However, the exact motivational mechanisms through which PBF is assumed to produce such changes are poorly understood to date. Although PBF is increasingly recognized as a complex health systems intervention, its motivational effect for individual health workers is still often reduced to financial \u0026#39;carrots and sticks\u0026#39; in the literature and discourse. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172574"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172574/A_qualitative_study_assessing_the_acceptability_and_adoption_of_implementing_a_results_based_financing_intervention_to_improve_maternal_and_neonatal_health_in_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A qualitative study assessing the acceptability and adoption of implementing a results based financing intervention to improve maternal and neonatal health in Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669620/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172574/A_qualitative_study_assessing_the_acceptability_and_adoption_of_implementing_a_results_based_financing_intervention_to_improve_maternal_and_neonatal_health_in_Malawi">A qualitative study assessing the acceptability and adoption of implementing a results based financing intervention to improve maternal and neonatal health in Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>BMC Health Services Research</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7314472b70772bc56d7435e039fa6d2e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669620,"asset_id":123172574,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669620/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172574"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172574"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172574; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7314472b70772bc56d7435e039fa6d2e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172574]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172574,"title":"A qualitative study assessing the acceptability and adoption of implementing a results based financing intervention to improve maternal and neonatal health in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","grobid_abstract":"Background: Results Based Financing (RBF) interventions have recently gained significant momentum, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. However, most of the research has focused on the evaluation of the impacts of this approach, providing little insight into how the contextual circumstances surrounding the implementation have contributed to its success or failure. This study aims to fill a void in the current literature on RBF by focusing explicitly on the process of implementing a RBF intervention rather than on its impact. Specifically, this study focuses on the acceptability and adoption of the RBF intervention's implementation among local and international key stakeholders with the aim to inform further implementation. Methods: The Results Based Financing for Maternal and Neonatal Health (RBF4MNH) Initiative is currently being implemented in Malawi. Our study employed an exploratory cross-sectional qualitative design to explore the factors affecting the acceptability and adoption of the intervention's implementation. Purposeful sampling techniques were used to identify each key stakeholder who participated in all or parts of the implementation process. In-depth interviews were conducted and analyzed using a deductive open coding approach. The final interpretation of the findings emerged through active discussion among the co-authors. Results: Despite encountering several challenges, such as delay in procurement of equipment and difficulties in arranging local bank accounts, all stakeholders responded positively to the RBF4MNH Initiative. Stakeholders' acceptance of the RBF4MNH Initiative grew stronger over time as understanding of the intervention improved and was supported by early inclusion during the design and implementation process. In addition, stakeholders took on functions not directly incentivized by the intervention, suggesting that they turned adoption into actual ownership. All stakeholders raised concerns that the intervention may not be sustainable after its initial program phase would end, which contributed to hesitancy in fully accepting the intervention.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"BMC Health Services 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class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669653/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172573/Prevalence_and_Determinants_of_Water_Pipe_Tobacco_and_Polytobacco_Use_Among_18_to_24_Year_Old_Emerging_Adults_in_the_United_States">Prevalence and Determinants of Water Pipe Tobacco and Polytobacco Use Among 18- to 24-Year-Old Emerging Adults in the United States</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Emerging Adulthood</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Water pipe (i.e., hookah) tobacco smoking (WTS) had the highest prevalence among 18- to 24-year-o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Water pipe (i.e., hookah) tobacco smoking (WTS) had the highest prevalence among 18- to 24-year-olds in recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Adult Tobacco Surveys (NATS). This study examines the national prevalence and determinants of current WTSs among emerging adults (EAs). Of the 3,577 EAs from the 2012 to 2013 NATS, 18.3% were current water pipe smokers; among the 4,439 EAs from the 2013 to 2014 NATS, the percentage increased to 20.1%. Multivariable analyses demonstrate that current users of cigarettes, cigar/cigarillos, pipes, and/or e-cigarettes were more likely to be current WTSs, while 22- to 24-year-old EAs and African Americans were less likely to smoke water pipe across both surveys. Different interventions and anti-marketing campaigns are needed for different tobacco products within subpopulations in the 18- to 24-year-old EA population. Strategies aimed at college students may not be as effective for noncollege EAs for stemming WTS. More representa...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="479a089d0bce4fd4642d295e11b59884" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669653,"asset_id":123172573,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669653/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172573"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172573"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172573; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172573]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172573]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172573; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172573']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172573, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "479a089d0bce4fd4642d295e11b59884" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172573]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172573,"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Water Pipe Tobacco and Polytobacco Use Among 18- to 24-Year-Old Emerging Adults in the United States","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Water pipe (i.e., hookah) tobacco smoking (WTS) had the highest prevalence among 18- to 24-year-olds in recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Adult Tobacco Surveys (NATS). 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Cross sectional, descriptive techniques were employed to assess demographics, HIV knowledge and HIV testing experience. A randomized controlled trial was performed to determine if an HIV/AIDS information sheet influenced testing propensity. Blantyre Adventist Hospital Outpatient Clinic. Non-emergency patients over 18 years old attending during consulting hours. All subjects answered a questionnaire. For the randomized controlled trial component, half received an HIV information handout. Proportions were calculated to evaluate testing experience. Logistic regression was used to assess impact of written information and demographics on HIV testing propensity. 490 participants were recruited, of whom 57% had never been tested for HIV. Of the untested, 88% had never been offered an HIV test. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172569"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172569/HIV_Prevalence_and_Associated_Behavioral_Factors_in_Lesotho_Kenya_Malawi_and_Uganda"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of HIV Prevalence and Associated Behavioral Factors in Lesotho, Kenya, Malawi, and Uganda" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172569/HIV_Prevalence_and_Associated_Behavioral_Factors_in_Lesotho_Kenya_Malawi_and_Uganda">HIV Prevalence and Associated Behavioral Factors in Lesotho, Kenya, Malawi, and Uganda</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Croatian Medical Journal</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172569"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172569"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172569; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172561"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172561/High_prevalence_of_dyslipidaemia_among_persons_with_diabetes_mellitus_and_hypertension_at_a_tertiary_hospital_in_Blantyre_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of High prevalence of dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus and hypertension at a tertiary hospital in Blantyre, Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669640/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172561/High_prevalence_of_dyslipidaemia_among_persons_with_diabetes_mellitus_and_hypertension_at_a_tertiary_hospital_in_Blantyre_Malawi">High prevalence of dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus and hypertension at a tertiary hospital in Blantyre, Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background Dyslipidaemia drives the process of atherosclerosis, and hence a significant modifiabl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background Dyslipidaemia drives the process of atherosclerosis, and hence a significant modifiable risk factor complicating hypertension and diabetes. In Malawi, the prevalence, screening and management of dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, biochemical characteristics, screening and management practices for dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus and hypertension comorbidity at Queen Elizabeth Central hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2021. A total of 256 adult participants (diabetes mellitus = 100); hypertension = 100; both conditions = 56) were included. Medical data and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Blood samples were analysed for HbA1C and serum lipids. Associated risk factors for dyslipidaemia were also assessed. Results Dyslipidaemia was prevalent in 58%, 55%, and 70% of participan...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5722865663237c3d5648ba089af27218" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669640,"asset_id":123172561,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669640/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172561"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172561"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172561; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172561]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172561]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172561; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172561']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172561, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5722865663237c3d5648ba089af27218" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172561]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172561,"title":"High prevalence of dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus and hypertension at a tertiary hospital in Blantyre, Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Background Dyslipidaemia drives the process of atherosclerosis, and hence a significant modifiable risk factor complicating hypertension and diabetes. 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class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093748/Unmet_contraceptives_needs_among_Female_Sex_Workers_FSWs_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Unmet contraceptives needs among Female Sex Workers (FSWs) in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119198823/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093748/Unmet_contraceptives_needs_among_Female_Sex_Workers_FSWs_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi">Unmet contraceptives needs among Female Sex Workers (FSWs) in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Research Square (Research Square)</span><span>, Nov 19, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ef83ba56c7686afa6766a335c02fc7cc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119198823,"asset_id":125093748,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119198823/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125093748"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div 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{"id":125093748,"title":"Unmet contraceptives needs among Female Sex Workers (FSWs) in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Research Square","ai_title_tag":"Unmet Contraceptive Needs Among Female Sex Workers in Malawi","grobid_abstract":"Background: Research has paid limited attention to understanding factors that are associated with unmet contraceptive needs among female sex workers. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we estimated the prevalence of unmet contraceptive needs and examined associated factors among FSWs in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi. Methods: We used systematic sampling to recruit 290 female sex workers in semi urban Blantyre between February and March 2019. In this cross sectional study, we used questionnaire interviews to collect quantitative data. We calculated the mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables to describe the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between unmet needs (the outcome variable) and explanatory variables such as: having a steady partner, fear of contraceptives' side effects and having a history of sexually transmitted infections. Results: Out of the 290 study participants 102 (35.2%) reported unmet contraceptive needs. The following factors were significantly associated with unmet contraceptive needs in multivariate analysis: female sex workers' history of physical and sexual violence by clients [OR 3.38, 95% CI (1.10, 10.43)], p \u003c 0.03, participants with a steady partner [OR 3.28, 95% CI (1.89, 5.68)], p \u003c 0.001, and participants who feared side effects of contraceptives [OR 2.99, 95% CI (1.73, 5.20)], p \u003c 0.001. Conclusion: Reproductive Health services should address barriers to contraceptives use for instance: violence by female sex workers' clients, fear and misinformation on contraceptives. There is need to improve awareness of contraceptives. Specific health promotion interventions on female sex workers engaged in a steady partnership are recommended. It is important to enhance the knowledge, attitudes, and counseling skills of health care providers in order to address unmet contraceptive needs among female sex workers in semi-urban Blantyre. Plain English summary: Unmet contraceptive needs are defined as lack of contraceptives use in heterosexually active women of childbearing age who do not wish to become pregnant. Unmet contraceptive needs are the main cause of short inter-pregnancy intervals, early childbearing, physical abuse, unintended pregnancy, poor maternal and child health outcomes. Several studies have documented low contraceptives use among female sex workers (FSWs), but research has paid limited attention to understanding factors associated with unmet contraceptive needs among this population in semi urban Blantyre Malawi. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we estimated the prevalence of unmet contraceptive needs and examined factors that were associated with unmet contraceptive needs among FSWs in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125093747"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093747/Actions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs_after_condom_failure_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Actions taken by female sex workers (FSWs) after condom failure in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119198822/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093747/Actions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs_after_condom_failure_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi">Actions taken by female sex workers (FSWs) after condom failure in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>BMC Women's Health</span><span>, Dec 1, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6c6274d68a82eebbb2bc0c159ca40ac2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119198822,"asset_id":125093747,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119198822/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125093747"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125093747"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125093747; 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The objective of this study was to investigate the actions taken by FSWs after condom failure among FSWs in semi-urban, Blantyre in Malawi. Methods: A cross sectional, qualitative study was conducted among FSWs in Blantyre, Malawi between May and July 2019. Snowballing technique was used to recruit study participants in four purposively selected study sites. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted by trained research assistants among 40 FSWs. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Study participants reported having taken different actions after condom failure. Out of 18 FSWs who experienced condom failure, 10 reported to have stopped sex immediately and changed the condom and then resumed afterwards. They reported to have douched, urinated, and/or squatted to prevent pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV acquisition. Five study participants reported to have asked for extra pay from the client; 10 FSWs didn't seek medical care. They thought the actions taken were enough for HIV and pregnancy prevention. Out of the 18 FSWs, only 3 stopped sexual intercourse completely and sought medical care which included post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV, STI treatment, and emergency contraceptives. Another 3 reported that they did not stop the sexual intercourse but only squatted and/or douched after sexual intercourse. The remaining 2 FSWs reported not to have stopped sexual intercourse and no any other actions were taken after the condom failure. Conclusion: We report some inadequate behaviors among FSWs after condom failure. Health programs should develop interventions and support the performance of safer sex and actions after condom failure among FSWs to prevent STIs including HIV, and unplanned pregnancies. Interpersonal, structural and policy factors hindering FSWs' access to perform effective interventions need to be addressed.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":12,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"BMC Women's Health","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":119198822},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125093747/Actions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs_after_condom_failure_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-10-27T21:52:19.085-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":28151851,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":119198822,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119198822/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s12905-020-01142-y.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119198822/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Actions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119198822/s12905-020-01142-y-libre.pdf?1730092293=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DActions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs.pdf\u0026Expires=1732719026\u0026Signature=YeUMoUmpJjAxhsl73y6HRIBxL202HPee~NVpCtLm9YDYrGm0wxzyuJdz7OeVvOJh-DGRs6DKuOF3hHw-NHtQdRVb8TvYI2FA~W5z1SWbXW~XEYpydNoxNd596zC3T~3g1zbzIHC~TTMh1WpgLxcQuWTVdOTKhdPtRptCKh2NmrsElbohiqiVpOrLSU7EUQ7baCtDuKEeMxljzd109ugWUNvRTe2KtfRI-OFMKC0OVC7qrTBe1VXcSzK0KQtmuNHGulEzN2jpOPfEWC9AVFOxmKFbsQN~PMEQBmOXiXlfK4MIMRHPEk2hfhhytN4hzmkV2ThGw17~NW83HL5Ai1j-mQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Actions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs_after_condom_failure_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":28151851,"first_name":"Adamson","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Muula","page_name":"AdamsonMuula","domain_name":"medcol","created_at":"2015-03-19T11:14:57.135-07:00","display_name":"Adamson Muula","url":"https://medcol.academia.edu/AdamsonMuula"},"attachments":[{"id":119198822,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119198822/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s12905-020-01142-y.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119198822/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Actions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119198822/s12905-020-01142-y-libre.pdf?1730092293=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DActions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs.pdf\u0026Expires=1732719026\u0026Signature=YeUMoUmpJjAxhsl73y6HRIBxL202HPee~NVpCtLm9YDYrGm0wxzyuJdz7OeVvOJh-DGRs6DKuOF3hHw-NHtQdRVb8TvYI2FA~W5z1SWbXW~XEYpydNoxNd596zC3T~3g1zbzIHC~TTMh1WpgLxcQuWTVdOTKhdPtRptCKh2NmrsElbohiqiVpOrLSU7EUQ7baCtDuKEeMxljzd109ugWUNvRTe2KtfRI-OFMKC0OVC7qrTBe1VXcSzK0KQtmuNHGulEzN2jpOPfEWC9AVFOxmKFbsQN~PMEQBmOXiXlfK4MIMRHPEk2hfhhytN4hzmkV2ThGw17~NW83HL5Ai1j-mQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":119198821,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119198821/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s12905-020-01142-y.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119198821/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Actions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119198821/s12905-020-01142-y-libre.pdf?1730092294=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DActions_taken_by_female_sex_workers_FSWs.pdf\u0026Expires=1732719026\u0026Signature=hCwcFTx2sShbPn6oi45nUuWRlP5hAg6RSyBTFu9izEPK~VrlgVTR4opbXZCeNacRwzknc0d4paX1TCLRDSp5ZrlKwI635cesYKcqWPg8Hot697wSEsvKOq5yZG-K4SmpFjo6z6bW7W7E~R0TgnJC3suA34nC7NrYfSKVrocX~3FmJTBnw32x6A30zFKrYvBm0ovi2Gm5Lk6VK6-t6ps7mq8zuYzT6L3IZn8Ybtm8tcj38dbp333NXo0PG2FGPCZ8AWOp3FFACBx~DCoYNIbyOZliMKwCqf~u7Od4KM27SMy6~ydBGYsTqZTsixlPBYnsCtoHOFoMhNEFOwt0ygUl2Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":722748,"name":"Condom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condom"},{"id":2425122,"name":"Sexual Intercourse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Intercourse"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"}],"urls":[{"id":45359326,"url":"https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12905-020-01142-y"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125093746"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093746/Unmet_contraceptive_needs_among_female_sex_workers_FSWs_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Unmet contraceptive needs among female sex workers (FSWs) in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119198820/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093746/Unmet_contraceptive_needs_among_female_sex_workers_FSWs_in_semi_urban_Blantyre_Malawi">Unmet contraceptive needs among female sex workers (FSWs) in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Reproductive Health</span><span>, Jan 19, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="45dcac6507efcd8d5356ea04ff8d546b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119198820,"asset_id":125093746,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119198820/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125093746"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125093746"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125093746; 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In order to fill this knowledge gap, we estimated the prevalence of unmet contraceptive needs and examined associated factors among FSWs in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi. Methods: We used systematic sampling to recruit 290 female sex workers in semi urban Blantyre between February and March 2019. In this cross sectional study, we used questionnaire interviews to collect quantitative data. We calculated the mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables to describe the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between unmet needs (the outcome variable) and explanatory variables such as: having a steady partner, fear of contraceptives' side effects and having a history of sexually transmitted infections. Results: Out of the 290 study participants 102 (35.2%) reported unmet contraceptive needs. The following factors were significantly associated with unmet contraceptive needs in multivariate analysis: female sex workers' history of physical and sexual violence by clients [OR 3.38, 95% CI (1.10, 10.43)], p \u003c 0.03, participants with a steady partner [OR 3.28, 95% CI (1.89, 5.68)], p \u003c 0.001, and participants who feared side effects of contraceptives [OR 2.99, 95% CI (1.73, 5.20)], p \u003c 0.001. Conclusion: Reproductive Health services should address barriers to contraceptives use for instance: violence by female sex workers' clients, fear and misinformation on contraceptives. There is need to improve awareness of contraceptives. Specific health promotion interventions on female sex workers engaged in a steady partnership are recommended. It is important to enhance the knowledge, attitudes, and counseling skills of health care providers in order to address unmet contraceptive needs among female sex workers in semi-urban Blantyre. Plain English summary: Unmet contraceptive needs are defined as lack of contraceptives use in heterosexually active women of childbearing age who do not wish to become pregnant. Unmet contraceptive needs are the main cause of short inter-pregnancy intervals, early childbearing, physical abuse, unintended pregnancy, poor maternal and child health outcomes. Several studies have documented low contraceptives use among female sex workers (FSWs), but research has paid limited attention to understanding factors associated with unmet contraceptive needs among this population in semi urban Blantyre Malawi. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we estimated the prevalence of unmet contraceptive needs and examined factors that were associated with unmet contraceptive needs among FSWs in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125093744"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093744/Availability_of_supplies_and_motivations_for_use_of_voluntary_HIV_counseling_and_testing_services_in_Blantyre_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Availability of supplies and motivations for use of voluntary HIV counseling and testing services in Blantyre, Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119198818/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125093744/Availability_of_supplies_and_motivations_for_use_of_voluntary_HIV_counseling_and_testing_services_in_Blantyre_Malawi">Availability of supplies and motivations for use of voluntary HIV counseling and testing services in Blantyre, Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)</span><span>, Jan 23, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d0379e5cba16532edb7d13004f616c01" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119198818,"asset_id":125093744,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119198818/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125093744"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125093744"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125093744; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125093744]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125093744]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125093744; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125093744']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 125093744, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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Counseling and testing can be an entry point for prevention, care and support. Knowledge of the quality of services and motivations for testing by individuals is important for effective understanding of the testing environment. Methods: A cross sectional explorative study of clients accessing HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and counselors was conducted in 6 government health centers in Blantyre City, Malawi. We aimed to assess the availability of critical clinic supplies and identify the motivations of clients seeking counseling and testing services. We also aimed to identify the health professional cadres that were providing VCT in Blantyre city. Results: 102 VCT clients and 26 VCT counselors were interviewed. Among the VCT clients, 74% were \u003c=29 years, 58.8% were females and only 7% reported no formal education. 42.2% were single, 45.1% married, 8.8% widowed and 3.9% divorced or separated. The primary reasons for seeking HIV counseling and testing were: recent knowledge about HIV (31.4%), current illness (22.5%), self-assessment of own behavior as risky (15.5%), suspecting sexual partner's infidelity (13.7%) and seeking HIV confirmatory test (9.8%) and other reasons (6.9%). Of the 26 VCT counselors, 14 were lay volunteers, 7 health surveillance assistants and 5 nurses. All except one had been trained specifically for HIV counseling and testing. All 6 facilities were conducting rapid HIV testing with same day test results provided to clients. Most of the supplies were considered adequate for testing. Conclusion: HIV counseling and testing facilities were available in Blantyre city in all the six public health facilities assessed. The majority of counseling and testing clients were motivated by perceptions of being at risk of HIV infection. In a country with 12% of individuals 15 to 49 years infected, there is need to encourage testing among population groups that may not perceive themselves to be at risk of infection. Background Sub-Saharan Africa has been heavily affected by the Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and AIDS pandemic. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172582"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172582/Burden_of_and_factors_associated_with_poor_quality_antibiotic_antimalarial_antihypertensive_and_antidiabetic_medicines_in_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Burden of and factors associated with poor quality antibiotic, antimalarial, antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines in Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669654/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172582/Burden_of_and_factors_associated_with_poor_quality_antibiotic_antimalarial_antihypertensive_and_antidiabetic_medicines_in_Malawi">Burden of and factors associated with poor quality antibiotic, antimalarial, antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines in Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOS ONE</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective To assess the prevalence and factors associated with substandard and falsified (SF) med...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective To assess the prevalence and factors associated with substandard and falsified (SF) medicines among antibiotic, antimalarial, antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines in Malawi. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 23 public, faith-based and private health facilities in Zomba, Machinga and Nsanje districts. We analyzed oral medicine samples of commonly used medicines among antibiotics, antimalarial, antihypertensive and antidiabetics in accordance with Malawi Essential Medicines List and local treatment guidelines. These medicines were subjected to visual inspection for any defects and screening for the content of active pharmaceutical ingredient and disintegration of dosage units. Samples that failed during screening and at least 10% of those that passed were subjected to pharmacopeia assay and dissolution test for confirmation. We used thin layer chromatography and disintegration test methods provided in the Global Pharma Health Fund minilab® for the screen...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b1a8dabdd529fd35ea2c328c9ff01371" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669654,"asset_id":123172582,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669654/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172582"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172582"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172582; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172582]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172582]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172582; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172582']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172582, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b1a8dabdd529fd35ea2c328c9ff01371" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172582]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172582,"title":"Burden of and factors associated with poor quality antibiotic, antimalarial, antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Objective To assess the prevalence and factors associated with substandard and falsified (SF) medicines among antibiotic, antimalarial, antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines in Malawi. 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We used thin layer chromatography and disintegration test methods provided in the Global Pharma Health Fund minilab® for the screen...","publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","publication_name":"PLOS ONE"},"translated_abstract":"Objective To assess the prevalence and factors associated with substandard and falsified (SF) medicines among antibiotic, antimalarial, antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines in Malawi. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 23 public, faith-based and private health facilities in Zomba, Machinga and Nsanje districts. We analyzed oral medicine samples of commonly used medicines among antibiotics, antimalarial, antihypertensive and antidiabetics in accordance with Malawi Essential Medicines List and local treatment guidelines. These medicines were subjected to visual inspection for any defects and screening for the content of active pharmaceutical ingredient and disintegration of dosage units. Samples that failed during screening and at least 10% of those that passed were subjected to pharmacopeia assay and dissolution test for confirmation. We used thin layer chromatography and disintegration test methods provided in the Global Pharma Health Fund minilab® for the screen...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123172582/Burden_of_and_factors_associated_with_poor_quality_antibiotic_antimalarial_antihypertensive_and_antidiabetic_medicines_in_Malawi","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T00:48:12.521-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":28151851,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117669654,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669654/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"file.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669654/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Burden_of_and_factors_associated_with_po.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117669654/file-libre.pdf?1724489487=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBurden_of_and_factors_associated_with_po.pdf\u0026Expires=1732719026\u0026Signature=N~QZJcE7T~IPyAaSrRKd6gA~ZTXpsBuSWgJB38KPrT~ERMliTMq3Lj0SEE~5sxd8dYNvPCQWueWjPG8HdXrSOiDz1JU2f4tFwdhvxev6MVgK03Gb5Ssbc1dDEt1Z~zaDIcwX2BbSWVV7o3TNec2qvkvOFbPG8EbaC5CUpSuiFYwWIrphrCOjpjZNkIvZGCXrQTimbOnOXdolO6~dJTOKZEznRU~rkqqKTJyjC4LeurIUUrNtJ6GQwAV2zRM403MmZWQbXZ9RAoAuBZVvj2B8AdRJVqrodV8o6OQiQcYRTc8K-5PYjuxYMx2qFgucqKFEi1jyCIlwWn7XBx2hPQgVuA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Burden_of_and_factors_associated_with_poor_quality_antibiotic_antimalarial_antihypertensive_and_antidiabetic_medicines_in_Malawi","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":28151851,"first_name":"Adamson","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Muula","page_name":"AdamsonMuula","domain_name":"medcol","created_at":"2015-03-19T11:14:57.135-07:00","display_name":"Adamson Muula","url":"https://medcol.academia.edu/AdamsonMuula"},"attachments":[{"id":117669654,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669654/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"file.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669654/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Burden_of_and_factors_associated_with_po.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117669654/file-libre.pdf?1724489487=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBurden_of_and_factors_associated_with_po.pdf\u0026Expires=1732719026\u0026Signature=N~QZJcE7T~IPyAaSrRKd6gA~ZTXpsBuSWgJB38KPrT~ERMliTMq3Lj0SEE~5sxd8dYNvPCQWueWjPG8HdXrSOiDz1JU2f4tFwdhvxev6MVgK03Gb5Ssbc1dDEt1Z~zaDIcwX2BbSWVV7o3TNec2qvkvOFbPG8EbaC5CUpSuiFYwWIrphrCOjpjZNkIvZGCXrQTimbOnOXdolO6~dJTOKZEznRU~rkqqKTJyjC4LeurIUUrNtJ6GQwAV2zRM403MmZWQbXZ9RAoAuBZVvj2B8AdRJVqrodV8o6OQiQcYRTc8K-5PYjuxYMx2qFgucqKFEi1jyCIlwWn7XBx2hPQgVuA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one"}],"urls":[{"id":44208235,"url":"https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279637"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172581"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172581/Quality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_Mellitus_Patients_at_Kamuzu_Central_Hospital_in_Lilongwe_Malawi_a_Mixed_method_Study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Quality of Life Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: a Mixed-method Study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669658/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172581/Quality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_Mellitus_Patients_at_Kamuzu_Central_Hospital_in_Lilongwe_Malawi_a_Mixed_method_Study">Quality of Life Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: a Mixed-method Study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) yet ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) yet data on quality of life among these patients in Malawi are lacking. This study was conducted to assess QoL among patients with T2DM. Methods: A mixed-method cross-section study was carried out at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), Lilongwe, Malawi. A systematic sampling method was used for quantitative data and purposive sampling was used for qualitative data. A modified diabetes quality of life (MDQoL)-17 questionnaire was used for quantitative data while in-depth interviews and diary methods were used for qualitative data. Demographic data were summarized using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using t-test and ANOVA. Thematic content analysis guided by Braun and Clark (2006) was utilized to analyze qualitative data. Ethical approval was obtained from the College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (CoMREC) reference number P.09.20.3122.Results: A sample of 339 partic...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="68f25b65d5d5b37eb9029797aaa9fbc0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669658,"asset_id":123172581,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669658/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172581"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172581; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172581]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172581; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172581']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172581, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "68f25b65d5d5b37eb9029797aaa9fbc0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172581]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172581,"title":"Quality of Life Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: a Mixed-method Study","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Background: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) yet data on quality of life among these patients in Malawi are lacking. This study was conducted to assess QoL among patients with T2DM. Methods: A mixed-method cross-section study was carried out at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), Lilongwe, Malawi. A systematic sampling method was used for quantitative data and purposive sampling was used for qualitative data. A modified diabetes quality of life (MDQoL)-17 questionnaire was used for quantitative data while in-depth interviews and diary methods were used for qualitative data. Demographic data were summarized using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using t-test and ANOVA. Thematic content analysis guided by Braun and Clark (2006) was utilized to analyze qualitative data. Ethical approval was obtained from the College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (CoMREC) reference number P.09.20.3122.Results: A sample of 339 partic...","publisher":"Research Square Platform LLC"},"translated_abstract":"Background: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) yet data on quality of life among these patients in Malawi are lacking. This study was conducted to assess QoL among patients with T2DM. Methods: A mixed-method cross-section study was carried out at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), Lilongwe, Malawi. A systematic sampling method was used for quantitative data and purposive sampling was used for qualitative data. A modified diabetes quality of life (MDQoL)-17 questionnaire was used for quantitative data while in-depth interviews and diary methods were used for qualitative data. Demographic data were summarized using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using t-test and ANOVA. Thematic content analysis guided by Braun and Clark (2006) was utilized to analyze qualitative data. Ethical approval was obtained from the College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (CoMREC) reference number P.09.20.3122.Results: A sample of 339 partic...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123172581/Quality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_Mellitus_Patients_at_Kamuzu_Central_Hospital_in_Lilongwe_Malawi_a_Mixed_method_Study","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T00:48:12.290-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":28151851,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117669658,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669658/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"latest.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669658/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Quality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_M.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117669658/latest-libre.pdf?1724489503=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DQuality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_M.pdf\u0026Expires=1732719027\u0026Signature=O6WxnbO7WVsTxar-6AA0J9cCXnYsBP~Q696omgHODTNOhR1u~b8648-izP9btKF2iljIZQsgqY665z3h9Et~mDPp2A4PTIQpErvFC8C2KlE8uelp60yIImn8Y9LOG7glN~UXtGpzO1XUSD85tfMejVBnNBqK37RsiAZ~8CtXsxSLf1wxItM5MqVzmR-rQzgAQK5oShlLyC25024CmawrHMzOMiDNnByZWtMwB5wuqXrwxEl77JhSRAe7QDpua2Tol7kVTnMimNj0OPc5BwZMICrr8xD1K783cExu78tF7Bg4ygicXUV5C1yJDZXlhu3UZvlDT4WcCaeZwZU~-oy1tg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Quality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_Mellitus_Patients_at_Kamuzu_Central_Hospital_in_Lilongwe_Malawi_a_Mixed_method_Study","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":28151851,"first_name":"Adamson","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Muula","page_name":"AdamsonMuula","domain_name":"medcol","created_at":"2015-03-19T11:14:57.135-07:00","display_name":"Adamson Muula","url":"https://medcol.academia.edu/AdamsonMuula"},"attachments":[{"id":117669658,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669658/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"latest.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669658/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Quality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_M.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117669658/latest-libre.pdf?1724489503=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DQuality_of_Life_Among_Type_II_Diabetes_M.pdf\u0026Expires=1732719027\u0026Signature=O6WxnbO7WVsTxar-6AA0J9cCXnYsBP~Q696omgHODTNOhR1u~b8648-izP9btKF2iljIZQsgqY665z3h9Et~mDPp2A4PTIQpErvFC8C2KlE8uelp60yIImn8Y9LOG7glN~UXtGpzO1XUSD85tfMejVBnNBqK37RsiAZ~8CtXsxSLf1wxItM5MqVzmR-rQzgAQK5oShlLyC25024CmawrHMzOMiDNnByZWtMwB5wuqXrwxEl77JhSRAe7QDpua2Tol7kVTnMimNj0OPc5BwZMICrr8xD1K783cExu78tF7Bg4ygicXUV5C1yJDZXlhu3UZvlDT4WcCaeZwZU~-oy1tg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":71511,"name":"Diabetes mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_mellitus"},{"id":181597,"name":"Root-Mean Square Error","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root-Mean_Square_Error"},{"id":4151399,"name":"Root mean square error","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root_mean_square_error"}],"urls":[{"id":44208234,"url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1666840/v1"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172580"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172580/Factors_associated_with_long_acting_and_short_acting_reversible_contraceptive_use_in_Ethiopia_an_analysis_of_the_2016_Demographic_and_Health_Survey"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Factors associated with long-acting and short-acting reversible contraceptive use in Ethiopia: an analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669655/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172580/Factors_associated_with_long_acting_and_short_acting_reversible_contraceptive_use_in_Ethiopia_an_analysis_of_the_2016_Demographic_and_Health_Survey">Factors associated with long-acting and short-acting reversible contraceptive use in Ethiopia: an analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The European Journal of Contraception &amp; Reproductive Health Care</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="212bc86cc0555dea889dd25592de004e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669655,"asset_id":123172580,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669655/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172580"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172580"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172580; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172580]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172580]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172580; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172580']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172580, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "212bc86cc0555dea889dd25592de004e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172580]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172580,"title":"Factors associated with long-acting and short-acting reversible contraceptive use in Ethiopia: an analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","grobid_abstract":"Purpose: This study sought to examine different factors associated with use of contraceptive types among Ethiopian women, as well as to update the literature on general contraceptive use. These analyses can be used to tailor and improve family planning policy and long-acting contraceptive use. Methods: The Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016 conducted in-person interviews with 15,683 women aged 15-49. Participants were asked about contraceptive use, family planning attitudes, personal and household characteristics, and lifestyle. We used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to analyse factors associated with general contraceptive use and long-acting contraceptive use. Results: Our study confirms many previously documented determinants of general contraceptive use including marital status, age, religion, decision-making ability, and occupation. Factors associated with long-versus short-term reversible contraceptive use were religion, region, age group, highest level of education, and discussing family planning at a health facility. Conclusion: This study outlines crucial differences between long-and short-acting contraceptive users. Further family planning policy efforts taking into account regional, religious and other personal and socioeconomic factors would effectively augment ongoing efforts. Additionally, the role played by discussion with health professionals in supporting long-term contraceptive use reflects the success of the ongoing effort to drive use in Ethiopia. KEY MESSAGE Global and national health actors are focused on improving access to long-acting contraceptives, however there is little evidence on factors that facilitate their uptake compared to the traditionally popular, short-acting contraceptives. Our study found significant religious and regional differences in long-acting contraceptive use which policy makers can use to guide their efforts.. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172579"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172579/Study_Protocol_Feasibility_and_Pilot_Trial_of_Brief_Behaviour_Change_Counseling_Using_Five_as_and_a_Guiding_Style_From_Motivational_Interviewing_on_Lifestyle_Behaviour_in_Patients_With_Hypertension_or_Diabetes_in_Mangochi_Malawi_BBCC_5_As_GS_Quasi_experimental_Study_Protocol"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Study Protocol Feasibility and Pilot Trial of Brief Behaviour Change Counseling Using Five as and a Guiding Style From Motivational Interviewing on Lifestyle Behaviour in Patients With Hypertension or Diabetes in Mangochi, Malawi: BBCC+5 A's+GS Quasi-experimental Study Protocol" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669652/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172579/Study_Protocol_Feasibility_and_Pilot_Trial_of_Brief_Behaviour_Change_Counseling_Using_Five_as_and_a_Guiding_Style_From_Motivational_Interviewing_on_Lifestyle_Behaviour_in_Patients_With_Hypertension_or_Diabetes_in_Mangochi_Malawi_BBCC_5_As_GS_Quasi_experimental_Study_Protocol">Study Protocol Feasibility and Pilot Trial of Brief Behaviour Change Counseling Using Five as and a Guiding Style From Motivational Interviewing on Lifestyle Behaviour in Patients With Hypertension or Diabetes in Mangochi, Malawi: BBCC+5 A's+GS Quasi-experimental Study Protocol</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">BackgroundDiabetes and hypertension and their lifestyle risk factors are on the increase in sub-S...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">BackgroundDiabetes and hypertension and their lifestyle risk factors are on the increase in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite positive effects of behavioural intervention such as brief behaviour change in some African countries, there has not been significant implementation of the same in Malawi. We therefore decided to conduct this study aimed at implementing brief behaviour change counseling using 5 As and a guiding style from motivational interviewing (BBCC + 5 As + GS) in Mangochi with specific objectives of determining its feasibility and its efficacy.MethodsThis study is a mixed, quasi-experimental, feasibility study which comprises an exploratory 2 arms quantitative part with a qualitative component at the end of the trial. Fifty consecutive eligible participants will be recruited among patients attending two Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) clinics (Mangochi District Hospital and Monkey Bay Rural Hospital) and allocated equally to intervention group (receiving brief behaviour chan...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d794badbf92e2f0c2396486762ae8f39" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669652,"asset_id":123172579,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669652/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172579"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172579"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172579; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172579]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172579]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172579; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172579']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172579, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d794badbf92e2f0c2396486762ae8f39" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172579]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172579,"title":"Study Protocol Feasibility and Pilot Trial of Brief Behaviour Change Counseling Using Five as and a Guiding Style From Motivational Interviewing on Lifestyle Behaviour in Patients With Hypertension or Diabetes in Mangochi, Malawi: BBCC+5 A's+GS Quasi-experimental Study Protocol","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"BackgroundDiabetes and hypertension and their lifestyle risk factors are on the increase in sub-Saharan Africa. 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Fifty consecutive eligible participants will be recruited among patients attending two Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) clinics (Mangochi District Hospital and Monkey Bay Rural Hospital) and allocated equally to intervention group (receiving brief behaviour chan...","publisher":"Research Square Platform LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"BackgroundDiabetes and hypertension and their lifestyle risk factors are on the increase in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite positive effects of behavioural intervention such as brief behaviour change in some African countries, there has not been significant implementation of the same in Malawi. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172578"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172578/Mentoring_upcoming_researchers_for_non_communicable_diseases_research_and_practice_in_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mentoring upcoming researchers for non-communicable diseases’ research and practice in Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669624/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172578/Mentoring_upcoming_researchers_for_non_communicable_diseases_research_and_practice_in_Malawi">Mentoring upcoming researchers for non-communicable diseases’ research and practice in Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Trials</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Malawi College of Medicine and its partners are building non-communicable diseases’ (NCDs’) r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Malawi College of Medicine and its partners are building non-communicable diseases’ (NCDs’) research capacity through a grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health. Several strategies are being implemented including research mentorship for junior researchers interested to build careers in NCDs’ research. In this article, we present the rationale for and our experiences with this mentorship program over its 2 years of implementation. Lessons learned and the challenges are also shared.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fece71f4acca4157e6c8edbe748d42a5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669624,"asset_id":123172578,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669624/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172578"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172578"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172578; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172578]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172578]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172578; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172578']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172578, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fece71f4acca4157e6c8edbe748d42a5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172578]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172578,"title":"Mentoring upcoming researchers for non-communicable diseases’ research and practice in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Malawi College of Medicine and its partners are building non-communicable diseases’ (NCDs’) research capacity through a grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health. Several strategies are being implemented including research mentorship for junior researchers interested to build careers in NCDs’ research. In this article, we present the rationale for and our experiences with this mentorship program over its 2 years of implementation. Lessons learned and the challenges are also shared.","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Trials"},"translated_abstract":"The Malawi College of Medicine and its partners are building non-communicable diseases’ (NCDs’) research capacity through a grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health. Several strategies are being implemented including research mentorship for junior researchers interested to build careers in NCDs’ research. In this article, we present the rationale for and our experiences with this mentorship program over its 2 years of implementation. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172576"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172576/Quality_of_maternal_obstetric_and_neonatal_care_in_low_income_countries_development_of_a_composite_index"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Quality of maternal obstetric and neonatal care in low-income countries: development of a composite index" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669622/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172576/Quality_of_maternal_obstetric_and_neonatal_care_in_low_income_countries_development_of_a_composite_index">Quality of maternal obstetric and neonatal care in low-income countries: development of a composite index</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>BMC Medical Research Methodology</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4d02c8ba0af1863471fabeb628828bc3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669622,"asset_id":123172576,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669622/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172576"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172576"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172576; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172575"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172575/The_money_can_be_a_motivator_to_me_a_little_but_mostly_PBF_just_helps_me_to_do_better_in_my_job_An_exploration_of_the_motivational_mechanisms_of_performance_based_financing_for_health_workers_in_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The money can be a motivator, to me a little, but mostly PBF just helps me to do better in my job.' An exploration of the motivational mechanisms of performance-based financing for health workers in Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669659/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172575/The_money_can_be_a_motivator_to_me_a_little_but_mostly_PBF_just_helps_me_to_do_better_in_my_job_An_exploration_of_the_motivational_mechanisms_of_performance_based_financing_for_health_workers_in_Malawi">The money can be a motivator, to me a little, but mostly PBF just helps me to do better in my job.' An exploration of the motivational mechanisms of performance-based financing for health workers in Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Health policy and planning</span><span>, Jan 20, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Performance-based financing (PBF) is assumed to improve health care delivery by motivating health...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Performance-based financing (PBF) is assumed to improve health care delivery by motivating health workers to enhance their work performance. However, the exact motivational mechanisms through which PBF is assumed to produce such changes are poorly understood to date. Although PBF is increasingly recognized as a complex health systems intervention, its motivational effect for individual health workers is still often reduced to financial &#39;carrots and sticks&#39; in the literature and discourse. Aiming to contribute to the development of a more comprehensive understanding of the motivational mechanisms, we explored how PBF impacted health worker motivation in the context of the Malawian Results-based Financing for Maternal and Newborn Health (RBF4MNH) Initiative. We conducted in-depth interviews with 41 nurses, medical assistants and clinical officers from primary- and secondary-level health facilities 1 and 2 years after the introduction of RBF4MNH in 2013. Six categories of motiv...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9b900ec350ba5378b836935daa187ced" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669659,"asset_id":123172575,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669659/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172575"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172575"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172575; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172575]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172575]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172575; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172575']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172575, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9b900ec350ba5378b836935daa187ced" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172575]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172575,"title":"The money can be a motivator, to me a little, but mostly PBF just helps me to do better in my job.' An exploration of the motivational mechanisms of performance-based financing for health workers in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Performance-based financing (PBF) is assumed to improve health care delivery by motivating health workers to enhance their work performance. However, the exact motivational mechanisms through which PBF is assumed to produce such changes are poorly understood to date. Although PBF is increasingly recognized as a complex health systems intervention, its motivational effect for individual health workers is still often reduced to financial \u0026#39;carrots and sticks\u0026#39; in the literature and discourse. Aiming to contribute to the development of a more comprehensive understanding of the motivational mechanisms, we explored how PBF impacted health worker motivation in the context of the Malawian Results-based Financing for Maternal and Newborn Health (RBF4MNH) Initiative. We conducted in-depth interviews with 41 nurses, medical assistants and clinical officers from primary- and secondary-level health facilities 1 and 2 years after the introduction of RBF4MNH in 2013. Six categories of motiv...","publication_date":{"day":20,"month":1,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Health policy and planning"},"translated_abstract":"Performance-based financing (PBF) is assumed to improve health care delivery by motivating health workers to enhance their work performance. However, the exact motivational mechanisms through which PBF is assumed to produce such changes are poorly understood to date. Although PBF is increasingly recognized as a complex health systems intervention, its motivational effect for individual health workers is still often reduced to financial \u0026#39;carrots and sticks\u0026#39; in the literature and discourse. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172574"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172574/A_qualitative_study_assessing_the_acceptability_and_adoption_of_implementing_a_results_based_financing_intervention_to_improve_maternal_and_neonatal_health_in_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A qualitative study assessing the acceptability and adoption of implementing a results based financing intervention to improve maternal and neonatal health in Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669620/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172574/A_qualitative_study_assessing_the_acceptability_and_adoption_of_implementing_a_results_based_financing_intervention_to_improve_maternal_and_neonatal_health_in_Malawi">A qualitative study assessing the acceptability and adoption of implementing a results based financing intervention to improve maternal and neonatal health in Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>BMC Health Services Research</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7314472b70772bc56d7435e039fa6d2e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669620,"asset_id":123172574,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669620/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172574"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172574"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172574; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7314472b70772bc56d7435e039fa6d2e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172574]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172574,"title":"A qualitative study assessing the acceptability and adoption of implementing a results based financing intervention to improve maternal and neonatal health in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","grobid_abstract":"Background: Results Based Financing (RBF) interventions have recently gained significant momentum, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. However, most of the research has focused on the evaluation of the impacts of this approach, providing little insight into how the contextual circumstances surrounding the implementation have contributed to its success or failure. This study aims to fill a void in the current literature on RBF by focusing explicitly on the process of implementing a RBF intervention rather than on its impact. Specifically, this study focuses on the acceptability and adoption of the RBF intervention's implementation among local and international key stakeholders with the aim to inform further implementation. Methods: The Results Based Financing for Maternal and Neonatal Health (RBF4MNH) Initiative is currently being implemented in Malawi. Our study employed an exploratory cross-sectional qualitative design to explore the factors affecting the acceptability and adoption of the intervention's implementation. Purposeful sampling techniques were used to identify each key stakeholder who participated in all or parts of the implementation process. In-depth interviews were conducted and analyzed using a deductive open coding approach. The final interpretation of the findings emerged through active discussion among the co-authors. Results: Despite encountering several challenges, such as delay in procurement of equipment and difficulties in arranging local bank accounts, all stakeholders responded positively to the RBF4MNH Initiative. Stakeholders' acceptance of the RBF4MNH Initiative grew stronger over time as understanding of the intervention improved and was supported by early inclusion during the design and implementation process. In addition, stakeholders took on functions not directly incentivized by the intervention, suggesting that they turned adoption into actual ownership. All stakeholders raised concerns that the intervention may not be sustainable after its initial program phase would end, which contributed to hesitancy in fully accepting the intervention.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"BMC Health Services 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class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669653/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172573/Prevalence_and_Determinants_of_Water_Pipe_Tobacco_and_Polytobacco_Use_Among_18_to_24_Year_Old_Emerging_Adults_in_the_United_States">Prevalence and Determinants of Water Pipe Tobacco and Polytobacco Use Among 18- to 24-Year-Old Emerging Adults in the United States</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Emerging Adulthood</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Water pipe (i.e., hookah) tobacco smoking (WTS) had the highest prevalence among 18- to 24-year-o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Water pipe (i.e., hookah) tobacco smoking (WTS) had the highest prevalence among 18- to 24-year-olds in recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Adult Tobacco Surveys (NATS). This study examines the national prevalence and determinants of current WTSs among emerging adults (EAs). Of the 3,577 EAs from the 2012 to 2013 NATS, 18.3% were current water pipe smokers; among the 4,439 EAs from the 2013 to 2014 NATS, the percentage increased to 20.1%. Multivariable analyses demonstrate that current users of cigarettes, cigar/cigarillos, pipes, and/or e-cigarettes were more likely to be current WTSs, while 22- to 24-year-old EAs and African Americans were less likely to smoke water pipe across both surveys. Different interventions and anti-marketing campaigns are needed for different tobacco products within subpopulations in the 18- to 24-year-old EA population. Strategies aimed at college students may not be as effective for noncollege EAs for stemming WTS. More representa...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="479a089d0bce4fd4642d295e11b59884" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669653,"asset_id":123172573,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669653/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172573"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172573"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172573; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172573]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172573]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172573; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172573']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172573, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "479a089d0bce4fd4642d295e11b59884" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172573]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172573,"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Water Pipe Tobacco and Polytobacco Use Among 18- to 24-Year-Old Emerging Adults in the United States","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Water pipe (i.e., hookah) tobacco smoking (WTS) had the highest prevalence among 18- to 24-year-olds in recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Adult Tobacco Surveys (NATS). 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Cross sectional, descriptive techniques were employed to assess demographics, HIV knowledge and HIV testing experience. A randomized controlled trial was performed to determine if an HIV/AIDS information sheet influenced testing propensity. Blantyre Adventist Hospital Outpatient Clinic. Non-emergency patients over 18 years old attending during consulting hours. All subjects answered a questionnaire. For the randomized controlled trial component, half received an HIV information handout. Proportions were calculated to evaluate testing experience. Logistic regression was used to assess impact of written information and demographics on HIV testing propensity. 490 participants were recruited, of whom 57% had never been tested for HIV. Of the untested, 88% had never been offered an HIV test. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172569"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172569/HIV_Prevalence_and_Associated_Behavioral_Factors_in_Lesotho_Kenya_Malawi_and_Uganda"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of HIV Prevalence and Associated Behavioral Factors in Lesotho, Kenya, Malawi, and Uganda" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172569/HIV_Prevalence_and_Associated_Behavioral_Factors_in_Lesotho_Kenya_Malawi_and_Uganda">HIV Prevalence and Associated Behavioral Factors in Lesotho, Kenya, Malawi, and Uganda</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Croatian Medical Journal</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172569"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172569"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172569; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123172561"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172561/High_prevalence_of_dyslipidaemia_among_persons_with_diabetes_mellitus_and_hypertension_at_a_tertiary_hospital_in_Blantyre_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of High prevalence of dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus and hypertension at a tertiary hospital in Blantyre, Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117669640/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123172561/High_prevalence_of_dyslipidaemia_among_persons_with_diabetes_mellitus_and_hypertension_at_a_tertiary_hospital_in_Blantyre_Malawi">High prevalence of dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus and hypertension at a tertiary hospital in Blantyre, Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background Dyslipidaemia drives the process of atherosclerosis, and hence a significant modifiabl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background Dyslipidaemia drives the process of atherosclerosis, and hence a significant modifiable risk factor complicating hypertension and diabetes. In Malawi, the prevalence, screening and management of dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, biochemical characteristics, screening and management practices for dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus and hypertension comorbidity at Queen Elizabeth Central hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2021. A total of 256 adult participants (diabetes mellitus = 100); hypertension = 100; both conditions = 56) were included. Medical data and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Blood samples were analysed for HbA1C and serum lipids. Associated risk factors for dyslipidaemia were also assessed. Results Dyslipidaemia was prevalent in 58%, 55%, and 70% of participan...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5722865663237c3d5648ba089af27218" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117669640,"asset_id":123172561,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117669640/download_file?st=MTczMjczMDM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123172561"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123172561"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172561; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172561]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123172561]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123172561; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123172561']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123172561, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5722865663237c3d5648ba089af27218" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123172561]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123172561,"title":"High prevalence of dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus and hypertension at a tertiary hospital in Blantyre, Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Background Dyslipidaemia drives the process of atherosclerosis, and hence a significant modifiable risk factor complicating hypertension and diabetes. 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