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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1"/><title>Strong's Greek: 3789. ὄφις (ophis) -- Serpent</title></title><link rel="canonical" href="http://biblehub.com/greek/3789.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/strongsnew2.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-LR4HSKRP2H"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-LR4HSKRP2H'); </script><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/interlinear/vmenus/2_corinthians/10-5.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmstrongs/greek/3789.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's</a> > <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Greek</a> > 3789</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="../greek/3788.htm" title="3788">◄</a> 3789. ophis <a href="../greek/3790.htm" title="3790">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheading">Strong's Lexicon</div><div align="left"><span class="toptitle2">ophis: Serpent</span></div><p><span class="tophdg">Original Word: </span><span class="greek">ὄφις</span><br><span class="tophdg">Part of Speech: </span>Noun, Masculine<br><span class="tophdg">Transliteration: </span>ophis<br><span class="tophdg">Pronunciation: </span>o'-fis<br><span class="tophdg">Phonetic Spelling: </span>(of'-is)<br><span class="tophdg">Definition: </span>Serpent<br><span class="tophdg">Meaning: </span>a serpent, snake; used of the devil or Satan.<p><span class="tophdg">Word Origin: </span>Derived from the base of ὄψ (ops), meaning "face" or "eye," possibly alluding to the serpent's appearance or its watchful nature.<p><span class="tophdg">Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: </span> - <b>H5175 נָחָשׁ (nachash):</b> The Hebrew word for serpent, used in Genesis 3:1 to describe the creature that tempted Eve.<p><span class="tophdg">Usage: </span>The term "ophis" is used in the New Testament to denote a serpent or snake. It often carries a negative connotation, symbolizing deceit, danger, and evil. The serpent is a significant symbol in biblical literature, representing Satan or demonic forces, particularly in contexts of temptation and sin.<p><span class="tophdg">Cultural and Historical Background: </span>In ancient Near Eastern cultures, serpents were often associated with both danger and healing. They were seen as creatures of cunning and wisdom, but also as symbols of chaos and evil. In the biblical context, the serpent is most famously associated with the temptation of Eve in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3), where it is depicted as a crafty creature that leads humanity into sin. This imagery carries into the New Testament, where the serpent is often a metaphor for Satan or evil influences.<div class="vheading2">NAS Exhaustive Concordance</div><span class="hdg">Word Origin</span><br>a prim. word<br><span class="hdg">Definition</span><br>a snake<br><span class="hdg">NASB Translation</span><br>serpent (6), serpents (6), snake (2).<p><div align="center"><span class="smalltext"><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/nasec.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe></span></div><div class="vheading2">Thayer's Greek Lexicon</div><span class="maintitle">STRONGS NT 3789: ὄφις</span><br><br><span class="arttitle"><span class="grktitle">ὄφις</span></span>, <span class="greek2">ὀφισεως</span>, <span class="greek2">ὁ</span> (perhaps named from its sight; cf. <span class="greek2"><span class="lexref">δράκων</span></span>, at the beginning, and see <span class="abbreviation">Curtius</span>, as under the word <span class="greek2">ὀφθαλμός</span>); from <span class="abbreviation">Homer</span>, Iliad 12, 208 down; the <span class="manuref">Sept.</span> mostly for <span class="hebrew">נָחָשׁ</span>; <span class="accented">a snake, serpent</span>: <a href="/interlinear/matthew/7-10.htm">Matthew 7:10</a>; <a href="/interlinear/mark/16-18.htm">Mark 16:18</a>; <a href="/interlinear/luke/10-19.htm">Luke 10:19</a>; <a href="/interlinear/luke/11-11.htm">Luke 11:11</a>; <a href="/interlinear/john/3-14.htm">John 3:14</a>; <a href="/interlinear/1_corinthians/10-9.htm">1 Corinthians 10:9</a>; <a href="/interlinear/revelation/9-19.htm">Revelation 9:19</a>; with the ancients the serpent was an emblem of cunning and wisdom, <a href="/interlinear/2_corinthians/11-3.htm">2 Corinthians 11:3</a>, cf. <a href="/interlinear/genesis/3-1.htm">Genesis 3:1</a>; hence, <span class="greek2">φρόνιμοι</span> <span class="greek2">ὡς</span> <span class="greek2">οἱ</span> <span class="greek2">ὄφεις</span>, <a href="/interlinear/matthew/10-16.htm">Matthew 10:16</a> (here <span class="manuref">WH</span> marginal reading <span class="greek2">ὁ</span> <span class="greek2">ὄφις</span>); hence, crafty hypocrites are called <span class="greek2">ὄφεις</span>, <a href="/interlinear/matthew/23-33.htm">Matthew 23:33</a>. The serpent narrated to have deceived Eve (see Gen. as above) was regarded by the later Jews as the devil (Sap. ii., 23f, cf. 4 Macc. 18:8); hence, he is called <span class="greek2">ὁ</span> <span class="greek2">ὄφις</span> <span class="greek2">ὁ</span> <span class="greek2">ἀρχαῖος</span>, <span class="greek2">ὁ</span> <span class="greek2">ὄφις</span>: <a href="/interlinear/revelation/12-9.htm">Revelation 12:9, 14</a>; <a href="/interlinear/revelation/20-2.htm">Revelation 20:2</a>; see (Grimm on Sap. as above; From Lenormant, Beginnings of History etc., chapter ii., p. 109f, and) <span class="greek2">δράκων</span>.<FOOTNOTE:1> <br><br><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/bsoft.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">Strong's Exhaustive Concordance</div>serpent. <p>Probably from <a href="/greek/3700.htm">optanomai</a> (through the idea of sharpness of vision); a snake, figuratively, (as a type of sly cunning) an artful malicious person, especially Satan -- serpent. <p>see GREEK <a href="/greek/3700.htm">optanomai</a> <div class="vheading2">Forms and Transliterations</div>όφει οφεις οφείς όφεις ὄφεις οφεσιν όφεσιν ὄφεσιν οφεων όφεων ὄφεων οφεως όφεως ὄφεως οφιν όφιν ὄφιν οφις όφις ὄφις opheis ópheis opheon opheōn ópheon ópheōn opheos opheōs ópheos ópheōs ophesin óphesin ophin óphin ophis óphis<div class="vheading2">Links</div><a href="/interlinear/matthew/1-1.htm">Interlinear Greek</a> • <a href="/interlinear/genesis/1-1.htm">Interlinear Hebrew</a> • <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's Numbers</a> • <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Englishman's Greek Concordance</a> • <a href="/englishmans_hebrew.htm">Englishman's Hebrew Concordance</a> • <a href="/texts/matthew/1-1.htm">Parallel Texts</a></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><div class="vheading">Englishman's Concordance</div><b><a href="/text/matthew/7-10.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Matthew 7:10</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular">N-AMS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/7.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">αἰτήσει μὴ <b>ὄφιν</b> ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/matthew/7.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> he will not give <span class="itali">him a snake,</span> will he?<br><a href="/kjvs/matthew/7.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> will he give him <span class="itali">a serpent?</span><br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/7-10.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> he should ask not <span class="itali">a serpent</span> will he give him<p><b><a href="/text/matthew/10-16.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Matthew 10:16</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural">N-NMP</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/10.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ὡς οἱ <b>ὄφεις</b> καὶ ἀκέραιοι</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/matthew/10.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> be shrewd <span class="itali">as serpents</span> and innocent<br><a href="/kjvs/matthew/10.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> wise as <span class="itali">serpents,</span> and harmless<br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/10-16.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> as the <span class="itali">serpents</span> and innocent<p><b><a href="/text/matthew/23-33.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Matthew 23:33</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Vocative Masculine Plural">N-VMP</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/23.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3"><b>ὄφεις</b> γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/matthew/23.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> <span class="itali">You serpents,</span> you brood of vipers,<br><a href="/kjvs/matthew/23.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> <span class="itali">[Ye] serpents,</span> [ye] generation<br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/23-33.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> <span class="itali">[You] serpents</span> offspring of vipers<p><b><a href="/text/mark/16-18.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Mark 16:18</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural">N-AMP</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/mark/16.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ταῖς χερσὶν <b>ὄφεις</b> ἀροῦσιν κἂν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/mark/16.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> they will pick <span class="itali">up serpents,</span> and if<br><a href="/kjvs/mark/16.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> They shall take up <span class="itali">serpents;</span> and if<br><a href="/interlinear/mark/16-18.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> their hands <span class="itali">serpents</span> they will take up and if<p><b><a href="/text/luke/10-19.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Luke 10:19</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural">N-GMP</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/luke/10.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">πατεῖν ἐπάνω <b>ὄφεων</b> καὶ σκορπίων</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/luke/10.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> to tread <span class="itali">on serpents</span> and scorpions,<br><a href="/kjvs/luke/10.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> to tread on <span class="itali">serpents</span> and scorpions,<br><a href="/interlinear/luke/10-19.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> to tread upon <span class="itali">serpents</span> and scorpions<p><b><a href="/text/luke/11-11.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Luke 11:11</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular">N-AMS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/luke/11.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἀντὶ ἰχθύος <b>ὄφιν</b> αὐτῷ ἐπιδώσει</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/luke/11.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> he will not give <span class="itali">him a snake</span> instead<br><a href="/kjvs/luke/11.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> give him <span class="itali">a serpent?</span><br><a href="/interlinear/luke/11-11.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> instead of a fish <span class="itali">a serpent</span> to him will he give<p><b><a href="/text/john/3-14.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">John 3:14</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular">N-AMS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/john/3.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ὕψωσεν τὸν <b>ὄφιν</b> ἐν τῇ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/john/3.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> lifted <span class="itali">up the serpent</span> in the wilderness,<br><a href="/kjvs/john/3.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> lifted up <span class="itali">the serpent</span> in<br><a href="/interlinear/john/3-14.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> lifted up the <span class="itali">serpent</span> in the<p><b><a href="/text/1_corinthians/10-9.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">1 Corinthians 10:9</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural">N-GMP</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/1_corinthians/10.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ὑπὸ τῶν <b>ὄφεων</b> ἀπώλλυντο </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/1_corinthians/10.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> and were destroyed <span class="itali">by the serpents.</span><br><a href="/kjvs/1_corinthians/10.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> were destroyed of <span class="itali">serpents.</span><br><a href="/interlinear/1_corinthians/10-9.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> by the <span class="itali">serpents</span> perished<p><b><a href="/text/2_corinthians/11-3.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">2 Corinthians 11:3</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular">N-NMS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/2_corinthians/11.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ὡς ὁ <b>ὄφις</b> ἐξηπάτησεν Εὕαν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/2_corinthians/11.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> But I am afraid <span class="itali">that, as the serpent</span> deceived<br><a href="/kjvs/2_corinthians/11.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> as <span class="itali">the serpent</span> beguiled<br><a href="/interlinear/2_corinthians/11-3.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> as the <span class="itali">serpent</span> deceived Eve<p><b><a href="/text/revelation/9-19.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Revelation 9:19</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Dative Masculine Plural">N-DMP</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/9.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">αὐτῶν ὅμοιαι <b>ὄφεσιν</b> ἔχουσαι κεφαλάς</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/revelation/9.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> are like <span class="itali">serpents</span> and have<br><a href="/kjvs/revelation/9.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> [were] like <span class="itali">unto serpents,</span> and had<br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/9-19.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> of them [are] like <span class="itali">serpents</span> having heads<p><b><a href="/text/revelation/12-9.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Revelation 12:9</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular">N-NMS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/12.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">μέγας ὁ <b>ὄφις</b> ὁ ἀρχαῖος</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/revelation/12.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> was thrown <span class="itali">down, the serpent</span> of old<br><a href="/kjvs/revelation/12.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> that old <span class="itali">serpent,</span> called<br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/12-9.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> great the <span class="itali">serpent</span> ancient<p><b><a href="/text/revelation/12-14.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Revelation 12:14</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular">N-GMS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/12.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">προσώπου τοῦ <b>ὄφεως</b> </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/revelation/12.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> from the presence <span class="itali">of the serpent.</span><br><a href="/kjvs/revelation/12.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> from the face <span class="itali">of the serpent.</span><br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/12-14.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> [the] face of the <span class="itali">serpent</span><p><b><a href="/text/revelation/12-15.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Revelation 12:15</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular">N-NMS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/12.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἔβαλεν ὁ <b>ὄφις</b> ἐκ τοῦ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/revelation/12.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> <span class="itali">And the serpent</span> poured water<br><a href="/kjvs/revelation/12.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> And <span class="itali">the serpent</span> cast out of<br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/12-15.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> cast the <span class="itali">serpent</span> out of the<p><b><a href="/text/revelation/20-2.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Revelation 20:2</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular">N-NMS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/20.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">δράκοντα ὁ <b>ὄφις</b> ὁ ἀρχαῖος</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/revelation/20.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> of the dragon, <span class="itali">the serpent</span> of old,<br><a href="/kjvs/revelation/20.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> the dragon, that old <span class="itali">serpent,</span> which is<br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/20-2.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> dragon the <span class="itali">serpent</span> ancient<p><b><a href="/greek/3789.htm">Strong's Greek 3789</a><br><a href="/greek/strongs_3789.htm">14 Occurrences</a></b><br><br><a href="/greek/opheis_3789.htm">ὄφεις — 3 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/opheo_n_3789.htm">ὄφεων — 2 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/opheo_s_3789.htm">ὄφεως — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/ophesin_3789.htm">ὄφεσιν — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/ophin_3789.htm">ὄφιν — 3 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/ophis_3789.htm">ὄφις — 4 Occ.</a><br><br></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script><br /><br /> </div> <div id="left"><a href="/greek/3788.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="3788"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="3788" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/greek/3790.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="3790"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="3790" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhchap.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>